JP2012506733A - 骨形成を促進するための組成物および方法 - Google Patents
骨形成を促進するための組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
[003]傷害、疾患、創傷、または手術によって引き起こされる骨欠損の迅速でそして有効な修復が、整形外科手術の目的である。この目的に向けて、骨欠損の修復で使用するために、多くの組成物および材料が用いられるかまたは提唱されてきている。組成物および材料の生物学的、物理的、および機械的特性は、多様な整形外科適用におけるその適切さおよび性能に影響を及ぼす主な要因の1つである。
[030]移植物を形成する方法をさらに提供する。1つの態様において、方法は、移植可能材料を提供し、刺激物質を提供し、ここで、刺激物質は、in vivoで破骨細胞形成を刺激するか、またはin vivoで破骨細胞の骨吸収活性を増進して、そして刺激物質と移植可能材料を合わせる工程を含む。
[032]生体適合性は、本明細書において、in vivoで投与した際、望ましくない長期の影響を誘導しない物質を記載するよう意図される。
[034]炎症は、本明細書において、感染または刺激に対する免疫系の最初の反応である。本明細書において、炎症は、感染が存在しない多核化巨細胞の存在によって特徴付けられる組織反応を指す。
[042]吸収は、移植された組織が体によって吸収され、そして事実上消失するプロセスを指す。移植された組織と類似の宿主組織の形成が続く場合には、吸収は、リモデリングの第一の段階でありうる。
[045]骨形成を促進するための方法を提供する。より具体的には、破骨細胞形成を促進することによる、または破骨細胞の骨吸収活性を増進することによる、骨形成を促進するための方法を提供する。したがって、破骨細胞および関連吸収を刺激して、骨のリモデリングを刺激するための方法を提供する。
[055]多様な態様において、移植物に、任意の適切な移植可能材料を用いてもよい。適切な材料には、限定なしに、生体適合性移植物を形成するのに使用可能な、任意の天然または合成構造(骨、組織、タンパク質、炭水化物、ポリマー、またはその他)またはこれらの組み合わせが含まれる。いくつかの態様において、移植物は、完全にミネラル化された骨を含む。別の態様において、移植物はリン酸カルシウムミネラルを含み、該リン酸カルシウムミネラルは、合成、非合成であるか、または骨に由来する。一般的に、移植物は、骨(自己、同種、異種、トランスジェニック;ミネラル化、脱ミネラル化、または部分的に脱ミネラル化)、ポリマー(例えばポリアルキレン(例えばポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等)、ポリアミド、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ポリ(乳酸−グリコール酸)(PLGA)、ポリ(乳酸)(PLA)、ポリ(グリコール酸)(PGA)、ポリ(グラクサノン(glaxanone))、ポリ(オルトエステル)、ポリ(ピロリカシド(pyrolicacid))、ポリ(ホスファゼン)、ポリカーボネート、他の生体吸収性ポリマー、例えばDacronまたは他の既知の手術用プラスチック、天然生物学的由来材料、例えばコラーゲン(既知のコラーゲン材料、およびその全体が本明細書に援用される、2008年2月12日出願の米国特許出願第12/030,181号に開示されるようなコラーゲン材料を含む)、ゼラチン、キトサン、アルギネート、セラミック(骨成長エンハンサー、ヒドロキシアパタイト等を含む)、PEEK(ポリエーテル−エーテルケトン)、乾燥生物分解性材料、金属、複合材料、生体適合性織物(例えば綿、絹、リネン)、細胞外マトリックス構成要素、組織、または合成および天然材料の複合体、あるいはその他を含む。
[064]III.少なくとも1つの刺激物質の提供
[065]刺激物質を提供する。刺激物質は、破骨細胞形成につながるシグナル伝達カスケードに関与するか、これを刺激するか、またはこれに影響を及ぼす、タンパク質、ペプチド、ホルモン、ヌクレオチド、小分子、巨大分子またはその組み合わせなどのいかなる物質であってもよい。刺激物質はまた、破骨細胞の骨吸収活性を増進する任意の物質であってもよい。いくつかの態様において、刺激物質は、あるいはまたはさらに、骨芽細胞形成を刺激してもよい。刺激物質はまた、破骨細胞分裂または融合を増加させてもよい。いくつかの態様において、刺激物質は、破骨細胞成熟を増進するか、または破骨細胞寿命を延長させうる。刺激物質が破骨細胞活性を直接刺激することから刺激物質を選択してもよいし、または刺激物質が破骨細胞形成または活性を阻害する因子または細胞に競合するか、これらを不活性化するか、これらに結合するか、またはこれらを下方制御することから、刺激物質を選択してもよい。例えば、刺激物質は、OPGまたは他の破骨細胞阻害剤の分泌を減少させ、それによって破骨細胞形成の阻害を防止してもよい。したがって、広い意味で、刺激物質は、「破骨細胞刺激剤」または「抗破骨細胞阻害剤」であってもよい。
[081]いくつかの態様において、少なくとも1つの刺激物質とともに移植物を提供する。こうした物質を移植物材料に直接添加してもよいし、または移植物材料に混合物として添加してもよい。物質は、適用のin vivo部位で、物質を維持可能な適切なキャリアー材料と会合していてもよい。キャリアーは生体適合性でin vivo生物分解性であり、そして細胞浸潤を可能にするため、十分に多孔であってもよい。
[086]移植物を成形し、鋳造してもよく、そして/または移植物は変形性であってもよい。移植物は、一体化移植物またはより小さい要素の凝集物を含んでもよい。移植物は、シート、プレート、ディスク、トンネル、円錐、管、またはその他などの、決定されたまたは通常の形状または立体配置を取ってもよい。作製済みの形状には、限定されるわけではないが、単一部位使用のための三日月型エプロン、骨内(intra−bony)欠損のために歯間に配置するためのI形状、頬側および舌の歯槽堤両方が関与する欠損のための四角形のビブ、中和プレート、再構築プレート、支持プレート、T支持プレート、スプーンプレート、クローバー型プレート、顆状プレート、圧縮プレート、ブリッジプレート、または波状プレートが含まれてもよい。部分的管状ならびに平面プレートを骨移植片から製作してもよい。こうしたプレートには、例えば、起伏のある凹面、ボウル型、または欠損型のコンホメーションが含まれてもよい。移植物は、機械加工されるか、または任意の適切な機械的成形手段によって成形されてもよい。コンピュータ化モデリングは、非常に正確に骨修復部位に移植物をカスタムフィットさせる、複雑に成形された三次元構造を提供しうる。移植物は、in vivoの移植物の配置に合わせた固定要素または他の形状を有してもよい。移植物が成形されるかまたは鋳造可能である態様において、移植物は、液体中で干渉性(coherence)を有してもよい。
[093]場合によって、移植物に他の添加物を提供してもよい。用いる添加物の量は、添加物のタイプ、使用する特定の添加調製物の比活性、および移植物の意図される使用に応じて多様でありうることが認識されるであろう。所望の量は、使用者によって容易に決定可能である。任意の多様な内科的および/または外科的に有用な場合による物質を、治療前、治療中、または治療後に、組織中に取り込んでもよいし、または組織と会合させてもよい。
[097]刺激物質に加えて、他の骨誘導剤を移植物に添加してもよい。これらの剤を活性化型または非活性化型で添加してもよい。これらの剤を移植物調製中、いかなる時点で添加してもよい。
[0100]移植物を骨修復部位、例えば傷害、手術の経過中にもたらされた欠損、感染、悪性腫瘍、または発生奇形から生じる部位に適用してもよい。いくつかの態様において、耐荷重機能を有する移植物を部位に適用してもよい。移植物を、代謝性骨疾患の治療、骨治癒、軟骨修復、脊椎円板修復、腱修復、疾患または手術によって生成される欠損の修復、硬膜修復に用いてもよく、そして非常に多様な整形外科、歯周、神経外科、ならびに口腔および顎顔面外科処置において、さらに用いてもよい。構造移植片を必要とする適用の例には、介在性移植片、脊椎固定術、関節プラトー、関節癒合、大規模骨再構築等が含まれる。破骨細胞刺激特性を有する巨大移植物は、治癒プロセスに寄与しうる。移植物をさらに、獣医学的適用に用いてもよい。
[0104]実施例1
[0105]本実施例は、プレ破骨細胞を提供すると、間葉系分化が生じることを示す。破骨細胞は、造血単核幹細胞または造血前駆体由来の血液由来細胞である。該前駆体は、互いに融合し、そして機能的に成熟した骨細胞に分化する。破骨細胞および骨芽細胞系譜にある細胞は、細胞−細胞接触、分散性パラクリン因子および細胞−骨マトリックス相互作用を通じて互いにコミュニケートする。破骨細胞−骨芽細胞コミュニケーションは、骨リモデリングの開始期、遷移期および終結期に、基本的多細胞単位(BMU)で起こる。開始期では、造血前駆細胞が基本的多細胞単位に補充され、そして骨芽細胞との細胞−細胞接触を通じて、破骨細胞に分化するよう誘導される。破骨細胞上のエフリンB2および骨芽細胞前駆体上のEphB4間で二方向性シグナル伝達が起こる。
[0111]仮骨形成は、骨芽性新規骨形成および破骨性吸収活性に依存する。リモデリング期中、破骨細胞活性が非常に高い。破骨細胞生物学の主なパラダイムは、核因子κBの受容体活性化因子(RANK)、そのリガンド(RANKL)、およびオステオプロテジェリン(OPG)の発見とともに生じてきた。これらの因子は、骨吸収および破骨細胞活性制御に深く関与している。RANKは、破骨細胞およびいくつかの免疫系細胞上で見られる膜受容体である。RANKは、RANKLに結合して、破骨細胞の分化、生存および活性化を促進する。
[0115]実施例3
[0116]非脱ミネラル化皮質骨を、一体化移植物として切断するか、または粒子を得るために粉々にする。材料をMSCF溶液に浸して飽和吸着させ、そして次いで凍結乾燥する。
[0118]非脱ミネラル化皮質骨を、一体化移植物として切断する。IL−3およびヒドロコルチゾンをアルギネートキャリアーと合わせて、タンパク質混合物を形成する。非脱ミネラル化皮質骨移植物をタンパク質混合物でコーティングする。ヒドロゲルコーティングをカルシウムイオンで架橋する。
[0120]リン酸カルシウムをポリマーマトリックスと合わせる。VEGFをポリマーマイクロ/ナノ粒子内に被包する。VEGF含有マイクロ/ナノ粒子を水またはエタノール中に懸濁し、そして次いで、リン酸カルシウムに適用する。
[0122]一体化移植物を提供する。該移植物は、部分的に脱ミネラル化された粒子状骨、破骨細胞刺激因子、およびポリマーマトリックスを、二酸化炭素などの臨界または超臨界流体下で混合することによって、形成される。
[0124]非脱ミネラル化海綿骨を粒子状にし、そしてグリセロールと混合する。MCSFおよびRANKLの混合物を粒子状海綿骨とグリセロールの組み合わせに添加する。生じた混合物をモールドに装填し、そして圧縮する。
[0126]部分的に脱ミネラル化された粒子状海綿骨をグリセロールキャリアーと混合し、そして硫酸カルシウムマトリックスに適用する。TNF−アルファをコラーゲンキャリアーと混合して、タンパク質混合物を形成する。該タンパク質混合物を、部分的に脱ミネラル化された粒子状骨および硫酸カルシウムマトリックスに適用する。
[0128]ヒドロキシアパタイト移植物を形成する。MCSFおよびIL−1をフカン(fucane)キャリアーと合わせて、タンパク質混合物を形成する。ヒドロキシアパタイト移植物を、該タンパク質混合物でコーティングする。
[0130]一体化ミネラル化皮質骨移植物を提供する。PTHまたはPTHrPを、粒子状脱ミネラル化骨マトリックスおよびグリセロールキャリアーの混合物に添加する。一体化皮質骨移植物を混合物でコーティングする。
[0132]表面脱ミネラル化粒子状皮質骨をプラスミドDNAと合わせる。PTH PTHrPプラスミドを、コーティングすることによって粒子状骨上に直接装填するか、またはまずポリマーマイクロ/ナノ球体内に被包し、そして次いで表面脱ミネラル化皮質骨と混合するかいずれかを行う。
Claims (27)
- 骨形成を促進するための移植物であって:
移植可能材料;および
破骨細胞形成を刺激する刺激物質;
を含む、前記移植物。 - 材料がミネラル化骨である、請求項1の移植物。
- 材料がヒドロキシアパタイトである、請求項1の移植物。
- 材料がリン酸カルシウム材料である、請求項1の移植物。
- 第二の刺激物質をさらに含み、第二の刺激物質が、in vivoで、骨芽細胞形成または補充を刺激する、請求項1の移植物。
- 第二の刺激物質をさらに含み、第二の刺激物質が、in vivoで、破骨細胞の吸収活性を増進する、請求項1の移植物。
- 刺激物質が、RANKL、MCSF、ADAM−12、PTH、PTHrP、VEGF、ヒドロコルチゾン、1,25ジヒドロキシビタミンD3、PGE2、TNFアルファ、IL−1ベータ、IL−3、IL−6、IL−11、およびbFGFの1つである、請求項1の移植物。
- 刺激物質が、RANKL、MCSF、ADAM−12、PTH、PTHrP、VEGF、ヒドロコルチゾン、1,25ジヒドロキシビタミンD3、PGE2、TNFアルファ、IL−1ベータ、IL−3、IL−6、IL−11、およびbFGFの1以上をコードするDNAである、請求項1の移植物。
- 移植物が耐荷重性である、請求項1の移植物。
- 移植可能材料が大きなセグメント状同種移植片ピースを含む、請求項1の移植物。
- 移植片を形成する方法であって:
移植可能材料に、in vivoで破骨細胞形成を刺激する刺激物質を適用する
工程を含む、前記方法。 - 移植可能材料がミネラル化骨である、請求項11の方法。
- 移植可能材料がヒドロキシアパタイトである、請求項11の方法。
- 移植可能材料がリン酸カルシウム材料である、請求項11の方法。
- 第二の刺激物質を適用する工程をさらに含み、第二の刺激物質が、in vivoで、骨芽細胞形成を刺激する、請求項11の方法。
- 第二の刺激物質を提供する工程をさらに含み、第二の刺激物質が、in vivoで、破骨細胞の吸収活性を増進する、請求項11の方法。
- 刺激物質が、RANKL、MCSF、ADAM−12、PTH、PTHrP、VEGF、ヒドロコルチゾン、1,25ジヒドロキシビタミンD3、PGE2、TNFアルファ、IL−1ベータ、IL−3、IL−6、IL−11、およびbFGFの1つである、請求項11の方法。
- 刺激物質が、RANKL、MCSF、ADAM−12、PTH、PTHrP、VEGF、ヒドロコルチゾン、1,25ジヒドロキシビタミンD3、PGE2、TNFアルファ、IL−1ベータ、IL−3、IL−6、IL−11、およびbFGFの1以上をコードするDNAである、請求項11の移植物。
- 刺激物質を移植可能材料と合わせる工程が、刺激物質をキャリアーと混合し、そして混合した刺激物質およびキャリアーで、移植可能材料をコーティングする工程を含む、請求項11の方法。
- 刺激物質を移植可能材料と合わせる工程が、刺激物質およびキャリアーを、移植可能材料と、臨界または超臨界二酸化炭素下で混合する工程を含む、請求項11の方法。
- 刺激物質を移植可能材料と合わせる工程が、刺激物質をキャリアー内に被包し、そしてキャリアーを移植可能材料と混合する工程を含む、請求項11の方法。
- 刺激物質を移植可能材料と合わせる工程が、移植可能材料を、刺激物質の槽に浸す工程を含む、請求項11の方法。
- 刺激物質をマトリックスと合わせる工程をさらに含む、請求項11の方法。
- 移植可能材料を成形する工程をさらに含む、請求項11の方法。
- 約100ミリグラムの移植可能材料あたり、RANKL約0.5マイクログラム〜約2マイクログラムの間の濃度で、RANKLを移植可能材料に添加する、請求項17の方法。
- 患者における骨欠損を治療する方法であって:
移植可能材料を提供し;
in vivoで、破骨細胞形成または補充を刺激する刺激物質を提供し;そして
細胞を刺激物質と、および移植可能材料と合わせる;
工程を含む、前記方法。 - 細胞が、移植前に、移植可能材料および刺激物質と合わせた濃縮自己細胞である、請求項26の方法。
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AU2016204295B2 (en) | 2017-09-28 |
AU2009308191A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
WO2010048610A3 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
CA2742047A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
US8722075B2 (en) | 2014-05-13 |
EP2358352A2 (en) | 2011-08-24 |
US20100239634A1 (en) | 2010-09-23 |
WO2010048610A2 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
KR20110086045A (ko) | 2011-07-27 |
EP2358352B1 (en) | 2018-08-29 |
US20150037386A1 (en) | 2015-02-05 |
US9597431B2 (en) | 2017-03-21 |
AU2016204295A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
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