JP2012256078A - Conductive elastic member, and image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a conductive elastic member that experiences less change in shape and electric characteristics over time, and an image forming apparatus including the conductive elastic member.SOLUTION: A conductive elastic member is obtained by forming a diamond-like carbon layer or a tetrahedral amorphous carbon layer, and an elastic layer in this order on a conductive support.

Description

  The present invention relates to a conductive elastic member used in an electrophotographic or electrostatic recording process in an image forming apparatus such as an electrophotographic copying machine or a printer, and an image forming apparatus including the conductive elastic member.

An image forming apparatus using an electrophotographic method forms a uniform charge on an image carrier (photosensitive member), forms an electrostatic latent image with a laser or the like that modulates an image signal, and then uses the charged toner to The electrostatic latent image is developed into a toner image. Then, a desired transfer image can be obtained by electrostatically transferring the toner image to the recording material medium via an intermediate transfer member.
In electrophotographic image forming devices, especially in charging devices and transfer devices, it is generally applied instead of corotrons and scorotrons, which are charged and transferred by corona discharge generated by applying a high voltage to conventional metal wires. Conductive elastic members that generate a small amount of voltage and generate a small amount of ozone are widely used.

The conductive elastic member has at least an elastic layer made of rubber or elastomer on a conductive support made of metal or alloy such as stainless steel; iron plated with chromium, nickel or the like. A roll-shaped charging roll, transfer roll, developing roll, etc. are widely used. In addition, a resistance layer and a surface layer are formed on the elastic layer as necessary. The conductive elastic member is often used to uniformly charge the surface of an object to be charged by contact and energization, and it is necessary to form a uniform contact region (nip) for uniform charging. A layer is formed.
As such a conductive elastic member, for example, a member in which a conductive support surface is plated and then inactivated and an elastic layer is formed on the surface is known.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-74056

The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a conductive elastic member with little change in shape and electrical characteristics with time, and an image forming apparatus including the conductive elastic member.

    The above-mentioned subject is achieved by the following present invention.

<1> A conductive elastic member in which a diamond-like carbon layer and an elastic layer are formed in this order on a conductive support.
<2> A conductive elastic member in which a tetrahedral amorphous carbon layer and an elastic layer are formed in this order on a conductive support.

<3> The conductive elastic member according to <1> or <2>, wherein the elastic layer contains chlorine-based rubber.
<4> The conductive elastic member according to any one of <1> to <3>, wherein the elastic layer contains a chlorine-based surfactant.

  <5> An image forming apparatus comprising the conductive elastic member according to any one of <1> to <4>.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a conductive elastic member with little change in shape and electrical characteristics over time, and an image forming apparatus including the conductive elastic member.
According to the conductive elastic member of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the change in shape and electrical characteristics with time even when used and stored at high temperature and high humidity.

(A)-(c) is sectional drawing which shows the example of a layer structure in case the electroconductive elastic member of reference invention is a roll. (A)-(c) is sectional drawing which shows the example of a layer structure in case the 1st and 2nd electroconductive elastic member of this invention is a roll. It is a principal part enlarged view of the layer structure shown by (a) of FIG. It is a principal part enlarged view of the layer structure shown by (a) of FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a preferred embodiment of an image forming apparatus of the present invention. It is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the image forming apparatus of the present invention. It is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the image forming apparatus of the present invention. It is a schematic block diagram which shows suitable one Embodiment of the process cartridge provided with the electroconductive elastic member of this invention.

Hereinafter, the first and second conductive elastic members of the present invention and the image forming apparatus using the same will be described in detail. In addition, a conductive elastic member other than the first and second conductive elastic members of the present invention will be described as a reference invention.
In this specification, “conductive” means that the volume resistivity is 10 ¹⁴ Ωcm or less.

<Conductive elastic member>
First, the first and second conductive elastic members of the present invention and the conductive elastic member of the reference invention will be described.
The conductive elastic member of the reference invention (hereinafter appropriately referred to as “conductive elastic member (1)”) is a conductive material in which the surface of free-cutting steel is plated and the dynamic ultra-micro hardness is 400 or more. It is characterized in that at least an elastic layer is formed on the conductive support.
The first conductive elastic member of the present invention (hereinafter appropriately referred to as “conductive elastic member (2)”) has a diamond-like carbon layer and an elastic layer formed in this order on a conductive support. It is characterized by.
The second conductive elastic member of the present invention (hereinafter appropriately referred to as “conductive elastic member (3)”) has a tetrahedral amorphous carbon layer and an elastic layer in this order on a conductive support. It is formed.

The conductive elastic member in which an elastic layer is formed on a conductive support is used for a chemical reaction between the conductive support and the elastic layer between the conductive support and the elastic layer. Due to seizure of the rubber to the conductive support, unnecessary adhesion or discoloration occurs, or the material constituting the elastic layer corrodes the conductive support during long-term storage under high temperature and high humidity. When the conductive support is corroded, deformation or the like occurs in the corroded portion, and the electrical characteristics may change and become uneven.
On the other hand, the conductive elastic member of the present invention and the reference invention can prevent the adhesion and discoloration of rubber to the conductive support and further the corrosion by the material constituting the elastic layer by the means shown below. . As a result, it is possible to obtain a conductive elastic member with little change in shape and electrical characteristics over time.
The conductive elastic member of the reference invention is a conductive support in which the surface of free-cutting steel is plated and the dynamic ultra-micro hardness is 400 or more (hereinafter referred to as “specific conductive support” as appropriate). The above effect can be obtained.
The first conductive elastic member of the present invention obtains the above effect by forming a diamond-like carbon layer (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “DLC layer”) between the support and the elastic layer. be able to.
The second conductive elastic member of the present invention is formed by forming a tetrahedral amorphous carbon layer (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “ta-C layer”) between the support and the elastic layer. The effect of can be obtained.
Hereinafter, the diamond-like carbon layer (DLC layer) in the first conductive elastic member of the present invention and the tetrahedral amorphous carbon layer (ta-C layer) in the second conductive elastic member of the present invention are generically named. Thus, it may be referred to as a “carbon layer”.

Hereinafter, the conductive elastic member of the present invention and the reference invention will be described in detail.
The conductive elastic member of the present invention and the reference invention is not particularly limited as long as the above-described layer is formed on the support, and examples of the shape include a roll, a blade, a sheet, and a pad. Among these, a roll shape that is required to have excellent uniform contact pressure is preferable.

As described above, the layer structure of the conductive elastic member of the present invention and the reference invention is not particularly limited as long as it has an essential layer, but an adhesive layer is provided between the conductive support and the elastic layer. In addition, a resistance layer or a surface layer may be formed on the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer.
In addition, in order to make each layer a desired resistance, you may mix | blend a electrically conductive agent with a constituent material.

Here, the example of the layer structure of the electroconductive elastic member of this invention and reference invention is demonstrated using FIGS. 1-4.
(A)-(c) of Drawing 1 is a sectional view showing an example of layer composition in case the conductive elastic member of a reference invention is a roll, and (a)-(c) of Drawing 2 is the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the example of a layer structure in case the 1st and 2nd electroconductive elastic member of this is a roll.
3 is an enlarged view of a main part of the layer configuration shown in FIG. 1A, and FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a main part of the layer configuration shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1 (a) and FIG. 3, the conductive elastic member of the reference invention is a conductive support in which the surface of free-cutting steel is plated and the dynamic ultra-micro hardness is 400 or more ( The elastic layer 20 is formed on the specific conductive support 10a.
As shown in FIG. 1B, the conductive elastic member of the reference invention has a configuration in which the adhesive layer 30 and the elastic layer 20 are formed in this order on the specific conductive support 10a. May be.
Further, as shown in FIG. 1C, the conductive elastic member of the reference invention has a configuration in which the adhesive layer 30, the elastic layer 20, and the surface layer 40 are formed in this order on the specific conductive support 10a. You may have.

As shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 4, the first and second conductive elastic members of the present invention have a carbon layer 50 and an elastic layer 20 formed in this order on a conductive support 10b. Have a configuration.
Further, as shown in FIG. 2B, the first and second conductive elastic members of the present invention have the carbon layer 50, the adhesive layer 30, and the elastic layer 20 on the conductive support 10b. You may have the structure formed in order.
Further, as shown in FIG. 2 (c), the first and second conductive elastic members of the present invention have a carbon layer 50, an adhesive layer 30, an elastic layer 20, and a surface layer on the conductive support 10b. 40 may have a configuration formed in this order.

[Conductive support (specific conductive support) in conductive elastic member (1)]
The specific conductive support in the conductive elastic member (1) functions as an electrode and a support member of the conductive elastic member, the surface of the free-cutting steel is plated, and the dynamic ultrafine hardness is 400 or more. It is necessary to be. Further, the shape of the conductive elastic member (1) is determined depending on the form and application.
Here, as free-cutting steel constituting the specific conductive support, SUM material shown in JIS G 4804 (1999), one shown in ISO 683-9 (1988), phosphorus, etc. , Sulfur, lead, selenium, tellurium, calcium and the like added individually or in combination to give machinability.

As the plating treatment, either electrolytic plating or electroless plating may be used as long as the dynamic ultra micro hardness can be 400 or more, and there is no particular limitation.
Examples of the metal used for the plating process include chromium, nickel-phosphorus and nickel-boron nickel, tin, copper, gold, silver, etc. Among them, the dynamic ultra-fine hardness is easily controlled to a desired value. Chrome, nickel are preferred.

  The plating treatment in the reference invention is performed after pretreatment such as degreasing with an organic solvent or alkali and acid cleaning, and drying is performed after plating treatment. In addition, you may perform water washing | cleaning suitably between these processes. The temperature and pH control of the plating bath used are adjusted by the plating solution.

Moreover, it is preferable to heat-process after a plating process.
The heat treatment may be performed at a temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower in a heating furnace for about 30 minutes or longer and 3 hours or shorter. For example, after nickel-phosphorous plating, 200 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. or lower. It is preferable that it is 30 minutes or more and 2 hours or less at the temperature of 30 minutes or more and 2 hours or less after the plating treatment with nickel-boron at a temperature of 500 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less.
By performing such heat treatment, the denseness of the plating layer is enhanced by relaxing internal stress, removing lattice defects, improving crystallinity, and the like.

Further, after the plating treatment, treatment with chromic acid or the like may be performed.
Such treatment can improve the corrosion resistance.

  Further, the thickness of the metal film (plating layer) formed by the plating treatment is 1 μm or more and 30 μm or less from the viewpoint of unnecessary adhesion, discoloration and corrosion protection of the free-cutting steel elastic layer. The thickness is preferably 3 μm or more and more preferably 5 μm or more and 10 μm or less.

The dynamic ultra-small hardness (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “DH”) in the reference invention is the test load P (mN) when the indenter enters the sample at a constant indentation speed (mN / s). It is the hardness calculated from the following formula (1) from the indentation depth D (μm).
DH = α × P / D ² (1)
In the above formula (1), α represents a constant depending on the shape of the indenter.

  The measurement of the dynamic ultra micro hardness was performed with a dynamic ultra micro hardness meter DUH-W201S (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). In addition, the dynamic ultrafine hardness in the reference invention is determined by measuring the indentation indentation test measurement with a triangular pyramid indenter (apex angle: 115 °, α: 3.8484) into the conductive elastic member (1) at a speed of 7.06 mN / s, It was calculated | required by measuring the indentation depth D when making it approach with the test load of 500 mN.

  The conductive support in the conductive elastic member (1) has a plating layer having a dynamic ultra-micro hardness of 400 or more as described above, thereby forming a very dense metal film on the surface of the conductive support. As a result, the presence of the metal film can prevent adhesion or discoloration of rubber to the conductive support, and corrosion due to the material constituting the elastic layer. As a result, it is possible to obtain an effect of reducing a change with time in shape and electrical characteristics.

[Conductive support in conductive elastic members (2) and (3)]
The conductive support in the conductive elastic members (2) and (3) is not particularly limited as long as it functions as an electrode and a support member of the conductive elastic member. The shape of the conductive elastic members (2) and (3) is determined depending on the form and application.
Specifically, the conductive support in the conductive elastic members (2) and (3) is, for example, a metal or alloy such as aluminum, copper alloy, or stainless steel; iron plated with chromium, nickel, or the like A conductive material such as a conductive resin.

[Diamond-like carbon layer (DLC layer) in conductive elastic member (2)]
The DLC that constitutes the DLC layer in the conductive elastic member (2) is a carbonaceous material having a high hardness and a high Young's modulus, and since it has a high hardness, it can suppress scratches and wear due to friction with foreign matter and cleaning members. Are better. DLC is a substance having a volume resistivity suitable for a charging member, having a volume resistivity of 10 ⁶ Ω · cm or more and 10 ¹⁴ Ω · cm or less, while having the same hardness as diamond.

  Further, the thickness of the DLC layer is preferably 10.0 μm or less from the viewpoint of obtaining a high protective effect from the elastic layer forming material and the like without hindering the current-carrying characteristics, and is preferably 4.0 μm or less. More preferably, it is 1.0 μm or less. On the other hand, the lower limit is preferably 0.2 μm from the viewpoint of maintaining a high protective effect from the elastic layer forming material and the like.

For the formation of the DLC layer in the present invention, a microwave plasma CVD method, a direct current plasma CVD method, a high frequency plasma CVD method, a magnetic field plasma CVD method, an ion beam sputtering method, an ion beam deposition method, a reactive plasma sputtering method, An unbalanced magnetron sputtering method or the like is used. The raw material gas that can be used at this time is a carbon-containing gas, for example, a hydrocarbon gas such as methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, benzene, or acetylene, or a halogenated gas such as methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, or trichloroethane. Carbons, alcohols such as methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol, ketones such as acetone and diphenyl ketone, gases such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and these gases include N ₂ , H ₂ , O ₂ , H ₂ O, What mixed Ar etc. is mentioned.

[Tetrahedral amorphous carbon layer (ta-C layer) in conductive elastic member (3)]
Ta-C constituting the ta-C layer in the conductive elastic member (3) is a high hardness, high Young's modulus substance made of carbonaceous material, and because of its high hardness, scratches caused by friction with foreign matter, cleaning members, etc. Excellent in suppressing wear. ta-C is a substance having a volume resistivity suitable for a charging member, which is 10 ⁶ Ω · cm or more and 10 ⁹ Ω · cm or less, while having the same hardness as diamond.

  Further, the film thickness of the ta-C layer is preferably 5.0 μm or less from the viewpoint of obtaining a high protective effect from the elastic layer forming material and the like without hindering its current-carrying characteristics, and 2.0 μm Or less, more preferably 1.0 μm or less. On the other hand, the lower limit is preferably 0.2 μm from the viewpoint of maintaining a high protective effect from the elastic layer forming material and the like.

Formation of the ta-C layer in the present invention can be performed by a filter-cathode-vacuum-arc (FCVA) method in which carbon plasma is generated by graphite vacuum arc discharge, and ionized carbon is extracted and deposited therefrom. It is preferable to use an FCVA apparatus manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
As formation conditions, a film formation temperature of 0 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower (more preferably 20 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower, particularly preferably 40 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower) and a film formation rate of 1.5 nm / s are preferable.

  In the conductive elastic members (2) and (3) of the present invention, a high hardness and dense carbon layer is formed between the conductive support and the elastic layer. It is possible to prevent adhesion and discoloration of rubber to the support, and corrosion due to the material constituting the elastic layer. As a result, it is possible to obtain the effects of the present invention such that the change in shape and electrical characteristics with time is small.

[Elastic layer]
The elastic layer in the present invention and the reference invention is formed of various rubbers and elastomers. Rubber and elastomer materials include isoprene rubber, chloroprene rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, butyl rubber, polyurethane, silicone rubber, fluorine rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide copolymer rubber, epichlorohydrin- Examples include ethylene oxide-allyl glycidyl ether copolymer rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer rubber (EPDM), acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer rubber (NBR), natural rubber, and blended rubbers thereof. Among these, polyurethane, silicone rubber, EPDM, epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide copolymer rubber, epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide-allyl glycidyl ether copolymer rubber, NBR, and blended rubbers thereof are preferably used.
In particular, it is preferable to use a chlorinated rubber from the viewpoint that the effects of the present invention are remarkably exhibited. Most preferred is chlorinated polyethylene.
The material constituting these elastic layers may be used as the resistance layer material when the resistance layer is formed.

The elastic layer in the present invention and the reference invention preferably contains a conductive agent. As the conductive agent, an electronic conductive agent or an ionic conductive agent (surfactant) is used.
Examples of the electronic conductive agent include carbon black such as ketjen black and acetylene black; pyrolytic carbon, graphite; various conductive metals or alloys such as aluminum, copper, nickel, stainless steel; tin oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxide Examples thereof include fine powders such as various conductive metal oxides such as tin oxide-antimony oxide solid solution and tin oxide-indium oxide solid solution;

Examples of ionic conductive agents (surfactants) include perchlorates and chlorates such as tetraethylammonium and lauryltrimethylammonium; alkali metals such as lithium and magnesium, and perchlorates of alkaline earth metals , Chlorate and the like.
In particular, a chlorinated surfactant is preferably used as the ionic conductive agent from the viewpoint that the effects of the present invention are remarkably exhibited. For example, quaternary ammonium chloride (for example, lauryl trimethyl ammonium, stearyl trimethyl ammonium, octa Perchlorate such as dodecyltrimethylammonium, dodecyltrimethylammonium, hexadecyltrimethylammonium, modified fatty acid, dimethylethylammonium, polychlorinated alcohol, benzyl chloride, polyhydric alcohol (1,4-butanediol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene Glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, etc.) and derivatives thereof and metal salts, monools (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, etc.) and metals Also of the complex, and the like. Examples of the metal salt include LiClO ₄ , NaClO ₄ NaCl and other group 1 metal salts; NH ₄ ⁺ salts and other electrolytes; Ca (ClO ₄ ) ₂ and Ba (ClO ₄ ) _{2 and the} like. These include: Group 2 metal salts; those having a group having active hydrogen that reacts with isocyanate such as at least one hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, primary or secondary amine group; and the like. Specifically, PEL (a complex of LiClO ₄ and polyethylene glycol) is most preferable as such a complex.

These conductive agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
Moreover, the addition amount is not particularly limited, but in the case of the electronic conductive agent, it is preferably in the range of 1 to 30 parts by mass, and in the range of 5 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber material. More preferably. On the other hand, in the case of the ionic conductive agent, it is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5.0 parts by mass, and in the range of 0.5 to 3.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber material. Is more preferable.

  The thickness of the elastic layer in the present invention and the reference invention is preferably from 0.5 mm to 10 mm, more preferably from 1 mm to 5 mm, and still more preferably from 1 mm to 3 mm.

[Surface layer]
The polymer material constituting the surface layer is not particularly limited, but polyamide, polyurethane, polyvinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polyester, polyimide, silicone resin, acrylic resin, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and the like. Examples thereof include polymers, melamine resins, fluororubbers, epoxy resins, polycarbonates, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers.
The above polymer materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, the number average molecular weight of the polymer material is preferably in the range of 1,000 to 100,000, and more preferably in the range of 10,000 to 50,000.

The surface layer is formed by preparing a composition by mixing the polymer material with the conductive agent used in the elastic layer as a conductive agent and additives such as various fine particles. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the addition amount of an additive, It is preferable that it is the range of 1-50 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of polymeric materials, and it is more preferable that it is the range of 5-20 mass parts.
As the fine particles, metal oxides such as silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and barium titanate, and composite metal oxides, and polymer fine powders such as tetrafluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride are used alone or in combination. It is not limited to.

  The film thickness of the surface layer is preferably 0.5 μm or more and 50 μm or less, and more preferably 1 μm or 20 μm or less.

[Adhesive layer]
The adhesive layer is made of thermosetting or thermoplastic resin or rubber material, but a conductive agent may be added if necessary.
The thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably 5 μm or more and 100 μm or less, and more preferably 10 μm or more and 50 μm or less.

The conductive elastic members of the present invention and the reference invention described above are preferably used for electrophotography and electrostatic recording processes, and are particularly preferably used as charging members because resistance uniformity is required.
In addition to the charging member, it can also be used as a transfer member, a developing member, or the like.

<Image forming apparatus>
Next, the image forming apparatus of the present invention will be described.
The image forming apparatus of the present invention includes the above-described conductive elastic member of the present invention.
The image forming apparatus of the present invention includes an image holding member, a charging unit that charges the image holding member, a latent image forming unit that forms a latent image on the surface of the charged image holding member, Preferably, the image forming apparatus includes: a developing unit that develops a latent image formed on the surface with toner to form a toner image; and a transfer unit that transfers the toner image formed on the surface of the image holding member to a transfer target. In particular, it is a preferable aspect to use the above-described conductive elastic member of the present invention as the charging means.
The image forming apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a basic configuration of the image forming apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
An image forming apparatus 200a illustrated in FIG. 5 includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member 207, a charging device 208 that charges the electrophotographic photosensitive member 207, a power source 209 connected to the charging device 208, and an electrophotographic image that is charged by the charging device 208. An exposure device 206 that exposes the photosensitive member 207 to form a latent image, a developing device 211 that develops the latent image formed by the exposure device 206 with toner and forms a toner image, and a toner that is formed by the developing device 211 The image forming apparatus includes a transfer device 212 that transfers an image to an object to be transferred (image output medium) 500, a cleaning device 213, a static eliminator 214, and a fixing device 215. In some cases, the static eliminator 214 is not provided.

As the electrophotographic photosensitive member 207, a conventionally known electrophotographic photosensitive member is used.
Further, as the exposure device 206, an optical system device that can expose a light source such as a semiconductor laser, an LED (light emitting diode), and a liquid crystal shutter in a desired image-like manner on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member can be used.
The charging device 208 is of a type (contact charging method) in which a conductive member (charging roll) is brought into contact with the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 207 to charge the surface of the photosensitive member 207 (contact charging method). An elastic member is used.
The transfer device 212 is capable of supplying a current having a predetermined current density toward the electrophotographic photosensitive member when the toner image formed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member 207 is transferred to the transfer target member 500. Is preferred.

  The cleaning device 213 is for removing residual toner adhering to the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member after the transfer process. The cleaned electrophotographic photosensitive member is repeatedly used for the image forming process described above. . As the cleaning device, brush cleaning, roll cleaning, and the like can be used in addition to the cleaning blade. Among these, it is preferable to use the cleaning blade. Examples of the material for the cleaning blade include urethane rubber, neoprene rubber, and silicone rubber.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the image forming apparatus of the present invention may further include a static eliminator (erase light irradiation device) 214 for irradiating the static elimination light. As a result, when the electrophotographic photosensitive member is repeatedly used, the phenomenon that the residual potential of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is brought into the next cycle is prevented, so that the image quality can be further improved.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a basic configuration of an image forming apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
The image forming apparatus 200b shown in FIG. 6 transfers the toner image formed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member 207 to the primary transfer member 212a and then supplies it between the primary transfer member 212a and the secondary transfer member 212b. A transfer device of an intermediate transfer system for transferring to a transfer target (image output medium) 500 to be transferred, and at the time of such transfer, a current having a predetermined current density from the primary transfer member 212a toward the electrophotographic photosensitive member. Can be supplied. Although not shown in FIG. 6, the image forming apparatus 200b may further include a static eliminator in the same manner as the image forming apparatus 200a shown in FIG. The other configuration of the image forming apparatus 200b is the same as that of the image forming apparatus 200a.
As described above, the image forming apparatus 200b is different from the image forming apparatus 200a according to the first embodiment in that the intermediate transfer method is applied.

  In the image forming apparatus 200b, when the toner image formed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member 207 is transferred to the primary transfer member 212a, a predetermined current density from the primary transfer member 212a toward the electrophotographic photosensitive member 207 is obtained. By supplying this current, fluctuations in the transfer current due to the type and material of the transfer medium 500 can be suppressed, so that the amount of charge flowing into the electrophotographic photosensitive member 207 can be accurately controlled. Become. As a result, it is possible to achieve higher image quality and reduced environmental burden at a higher level.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a basic configuration of an image forming apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
An image forming apparatus 200c shown in FIG. 7 is an intermediate transfer type image forming apparatus. In the housing 400, four electrophotographic photoreceptors 401a to 401d (for example, the electrophotographic photoreceptor 401a is yellow and the electrophotographic photoreceptor 401b is magenta). The electrophotographic photosensitive member 401c can form an image of cyan and the electrophotographic photosensitive member 401d can form a black color) are arranged in parallel along the intermediate transfer belt 409.

  Here, conventionally known electrophotographic photosensitive members are used as the electrophotographic photosensitive members 401a to 401d mounted in the image forming apparatus 200c.

Each of the electrophotographic photosensitive members 401a to 401d can be rotated in a predetermined direction (counterclockwise on the paper surface), and the charging rolls 402a to 402d, the developing devices 404a to 404d, and the primary transfer roll 410a along the rotation direction. To 410d and cleaning blades 415a to 415d are arranged. Each of the developing devices 404a to 404d can supply toners of four colors of black, yellow, magenta, and cyan accommodated in toner cartridges 405a to 405d. These toners satisfy the condition that the average shape factor is 100 to 140. Further, the primary transfer rolls 410a to 410d are in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive members 401a to 401d via the intermediate transfer belt 409, respectively.
In the image forming apparatus 200c, the charging rolls 402a to 402d are the above-described conductive elastic members of the present invention.

  Further, a laser light source (exposure device) 403 is disposed at a predetermined position in the housing 400, and the surface of the charged electrophotographic photoreceptors 401a to 401d is irradiated with laser light emitted from the laser light source 403. Is possible. Accordingly, charging, exposure, development, primary transfer, and cleaning are sequentially performed in the rotation process of the electrophotographic photosensitive members 401a to 401d, and the toner images of the respective colors are transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 409 in an overlapping manner.

  The intermediate transfer belt 409 is supported with a predetermined tension by a drive roll 406, a backup roll 408, and a tension roll 407, and can rotate without causing deflection due to the rotation of these rolls. The secondary transfer roll 413 is disposed so as to contact the backup roll 408 via the intermediate transfer belt 409. The intermediate transfer belt 409 that has passed between the backup roll 408 and the secondary transfer roll 413 is cleaned by, for example, a cleaning blade 416 disposed in the vicinity of the drive roll 406, and then repeatedly in the next image forming process. Provided.

  In addition, a tray (transfer medium tray) 411 is provided at a predetermined position in the housing 400, and the transfer medium 500 such as paper in the tray 411 is transferred by the intermediate transfer belt 409 and the secondary transfer roll by the transfer roll 412. After being sequentially transferred between the two fixing rolls 414 that are in contact with each other and the two fixing rolls 414, the paper is discharged outside the housing 400.

In the above description, the case where the intermediate transfer belt 409 is used as the intermediate transfer member has been described. However, the intermediate transfer member may have a belt shape like the intermediate transfer belt 409 or a drum shape. There may be.
Conventionally known resins can be used as the resin material used as the base material of the intermediate transfer member in the belt shape. For example, polyimide resin, polycarbonate resin (PC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyalkylene terephthalate (PAT), ethylenetetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) / PC, ETFE / PAT, PC / PAT blend material, polyester Resin materials such as polyether ether ketone and polyamide, and resin materials using these as main raw materials. Furthermore, a resin material and an elastic material can be blended and used.

  As an elastic material, polyurethane, chlorinated polyisoprene, NBR, chloropyrene rubber, EPDM, hydrogenated polybutadiene, butyl rubber, silicone rubber, or the like can be used, or a material obtained by blending two or more kinds can be used. If necessary, a conductive agent imparting electronic conductivity or a conductive agent having ionic conductivity is added to the resin material and elastic material used for these base materials in combination of one kind or two or more kinds. Among these, it is preferable to use a polyimide resin in which a conductive agent is dispersed from the viewpoint of excellent mechanical strength. As the conductive agent, a conductive polymer such as carbon black, metal oxide, or polyaniline can be used.

When a belt-shaped configuration such as the intermediate transfer belt 409 is employed as the intermediate transfer member, the thickness of the belt is generally preferably 50 μm or more and 500 μm or less, more preferably 60 μm or more and 150 μm or less, depending on the hardness of the material. You can choose.
For example, a belt made of a polyimide resin in which a conductive agent is dispersed is 5% by mass or more as a conductive agent in a polyamic acid solution, which is a polyimide precursor, as described in JP-A-63-311263. Disperse carbon black of less than mass%, cast the dispersion on a metal drum and dry it, then stretch the film peeled off from the drum at high temperature to form a polyimide film, and cut it into an appropriate size Can be manufactured by using an endless belt. The intermediate transfer belt may further have a surface layer.

  In the film molding, generally, a stock solution for forming a polyamic acid solution in which a conductive agent is dispersed is poured into a cylindrical mold and heated at, for example, 100 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less at a rotation speed of 500 rpm or more and 2000 rpm or less. While rotating the cylindrical mold, the film was formed into a film by a centrifugal molding method, and then the obtained film was demolded in a semi-cured state and covered with an iron core, and a polyimide reaction (at a temperature of 300 ° C. or higher) It can be carried out by subjecting the polyamic acid to a main ring curing (ring-closing reaction). Also, the stock solution is cast on a metal sheet to a uniform thickness and heated to 100 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower in the same manner as described above to remove most of the solvent, and then gradually increased to a high temperature of 300 ° C. or higher. There is also a method of forming a polyimide film by raising the temperature.

  Furthermore, when adopting a drum-shaped configuration as the intermediate transfer member, it is preferable to use a cylindrical substrate formed of aluminum, stainless steel (SUS), copper, or the like as the substrate. If necessary, an elastic layer can be coated on the cylindrical substrate, and a surface layer can be formed on the elastic layer.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a preferred embodiment of a process cartridge including the conductive elastic member of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 8, the process cartridge 300 includes, together with the electrophotographic photosensitive member 207, a charging device 208, a developing device 211, a cleaning device (cleaning means) 213, an opening 218 for exposure, and for static elimination exposure. Are combined and integrated using mounting rails 216.
As the electrophotographic photoreceptor 207, a conventionally known electrophotographic photoreceptor is used.

  The process cartridge 300 is detachably attached to an image forming apparatus main body including a transfer device 212, a fixing device 215, and other components (not shown), and the image forming apparatus together with the image forming apparatus main body. It constitutes.

Next, the toner used in the present invention will be described.
The toner used in the present invention includes, for example, a binder resin and a colorant.
Examples of the binder resin include homopolymers and copolymers such as styrenes, monoolefins, vinyl esters, α-methylene aliphatic monocarboxylic acid esters, vinyl ethers, and vinyl ketones. Typical binder resins include polystyrene, styrene-alkyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-alkyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer. Examples thereof include coalescence, polyethylene, and polypropylene. Furthermore, polyester, polyurethane, epoxy resin, silicone resin, polyamide, modified rosin, paraffin wax, and the like can be given.

  Coloring agents include magnetic powders such as magnetite and ferrite, carbon black, aniline blue, calcoil blue, chrome yellow, ultramarine blue, dupont oil red, quinoline yellow, methylene blue chloride, phthalocyanine blue, malachite green oxalate, lamp black. Rose Bengal, C.I. I. Pigment red 48: 1, C.I. I. Pigment red 122, C.I. I. Pigment red 57: 1, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 97, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 17, C.I. I. Pigment blue 15: 1, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 3 is a typical example.

The toner may be internally added or externally added with a known additive such as a charge control agent, a release agent, or other inorganic fine particles.
Typical examples of the release agent include low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene, Fischer-Tropsch wax, montan wax, carnauba wax, rice wax, and candelilla wax.
Known charge control agents can be used, but charge control agents such as azo-based metal complex compounds, metal complex compounds of salicylic acid, and resin types containing polar groups can be used.
As other inorganic fine particles, small-diameter inorganic fine particles having an average primary particle size of 40 nm or less are used for the purpose of powder flowability, charge control, etc., and if necessary, larger diameters are used to reduce adhesion. These inorganic or organic fine particles may be used in combination. As these other inorganic fine particles, known ones can be used.

In addition, the surface treatment of the small-diameter inorganic fine particles is effective because the dispersibility becomes high and the effect of increasing the powder fluidity increases.
As a method for producing the toner used in the present invention, a polymerization method such as an emulsion polymerization aggregation method or a dissolution suspension method is preferably used because high shape controllability can be obtained. Further, a production method may be performed in which the toner obtained by the above method is used as a core, and further, aggregated particles are attached and heat-fused to give a core-shell structure. When an external additive is added, it can be produced by mixing the toner and the external additive with a Henschel mixer or a V blender. Further, when the toner is manufactured by a wet method, it can be externally added by a wet method.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples in which the conductive elastic member is formed as a conductive elastic roll (charging roll). However, the present invention is not limited to these examples. .

<Reference Example 1-1>
<Formation of plating layer>
An electroless nickel plating layer having a thickness of 20 μm is formed on the surface of a conductive support made of SUM23L described in JIS G 4804 (1999) and having a diameter of 8 mm under the following conditions, and then heat-treated at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes. To give a conductive support 1-A.
-Plating conditions-
・ Plating solution (Nimden NKY: manufactured by Uemura Kogyo Co., Ltd.)
・ Plating bath temperature: 90 ℃
・ Plating bath pH: 4.8
・ Plating time: 30 minutes

<Formation of elastic layer>
A mixture having the following composition is kneaded with an open roll, an elastic layer is formed on the surface of the conductive support 1-A using a press molding machine, and then vulcanized to obtain a conductive elastic roll 1-A having a diameter of 14 mm. Obtained.

(composition)
-100 parts by mass of rubber material (epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide-allyl glycidyl ether copolymer rubber Gechron 3106: manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.)
-Conductive agent (carbon black Asahi Thermal: Asahi Carbon Co., Ltd.) 15 parts by mass-Conductive agent (Ketjen Black EC: Lion Corp.) 5 parts by mass-Ion conductive agent (lithium perchlorate) 1 part by mass-Vulcanizing agent (Sulfur 200 mesh: manufactured by Tsurumi Chemical Co., Ltd.) 1 part by mass, vulcanization accelerator (Noxeller DM: manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) 2.0 parts by mass, vulcanization accelerator (Noxeller TT: Ouchi New Chemical Co., Ltd.) 0.5 parts by mass, vulcanization accelerating aid (Zinc oxide, zinc oxide 1 type: manufactured by Shodo Chemical Co., Ltd.) 3 parts by mass, 1.5 parts by mass of stearic acid

  About the obtained electroconductive elastic roll 1-A, the seizure state of the rubber to the electroconductive support body surface was observed visually. The results are shown in Table 1.

<< Formation of surface layer >>
Dispersion A obtained by dispersing the following mixture with a bead mill was diluted with MEK, dip-coated on the surface of the conductive elastic roll 1-A, then dried by heating at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes, and a thickness of 7 μm. A surface layer was formed to obtain a conductive elastic roll 1-1.

(blend)
・ 100 parts by mass of polymer material (saturated copolymer polyester resin solution Byron 30SS: manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.)
Curing agent 26.3 parts by mass (amino resin solution Super Becamine G-821-60: manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc.)
-Conductive agent 10 parts by mass (carbon black MONARCH1000: manufactured by Cabot Corporation)

<Evaluation>
After the conductive elastic roll 1-1 was stored for 10 days in a high temperature and high humidity (45 ° C., 95% RH) environment, the elastic layer was peeled off together with the surface layer, and the surface of the conductive support was visually observed and observed with an optical microscope.
The evaluation index is as follows. Here, “x” and “xxx” cannot be used, but more than that can be actually used. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Evaluation index)
A: No change from the surface state before the elastic layer was formed.
○: A pinhole was observed in the plating layer.
Δ: Cracks were observed in the plating layer.
X: Peeling was seen in the plating layer.
XX: The conductive support was corroded and raised, and the plating layer was peeled off.

In addition, as described above, the conductive elastic roll 1-1 after being stored in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment was mounted as a charging roll on a drum cartridge manufactured by Color Copier DocuCenter Color a450: Fuji Xerox. With this DocuCenter Color a450, 50% halftone images were printed in a 10 ° C., 15% RH environment and in a 28 ° C., 85% RH environment. This initial image was visually evaluated.
The evaluation index is as follows. Here, “x” cannot be used, but more than that can be actually used. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Evaluation index)
A: Density unevenness, white spots, and color spots are not generated.
○: Minor density unevenness, white spots, and color spots partially occur.
Δ: Minor density unevenness, white spots, and color spots occur.
X: Density unevenness, white spots, and color spots occur.

<Reference Example 1-2>
<Formation of plating layer>
A conductive support 1-B was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1 except that the plating time was adjusted to 15 minutes so that the thickness of the electroless nickel plating layer was 10 μm.

<< Formation and Evaluation of Elastic Layer and Surface Layer >>
Using the conductive support 1-B, a conductive elastic roll 1-B was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1.
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 1-B, a conductive elastic roll 1-2 was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1.
The conductive elastic roll 1-2 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

<Reference Example 1-3>
<Formation of plating layer>
Conductive support 1-C in the same manner as Reference Example 1-1 except that the plating time was adjusted to 15 minutes so that the film thickness of the electroless nickel plating layer was 10 μm and the heat treatment time was 6 hours. Got.

<< Formation and Evaluation of Elastic Layer and Surface Layer >>
Using the conductive support 1-C, a conductive elastic roll 1-C was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1.
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 1-C, a conductive elastic roll 1-3 was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1.
The conductive elastic roll 1-3 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

<Reference Example 1-4>
<Formation of plating layer>
The plating time was adjusted to 15 minutes so that the thickness of the electroless nickel plating layer was 10 μm. After this electroless nickel plating layer was formed, the treatment bath temperature was used using a treatment liquid (Asahi Yumate MYK: manufactured by Uemura Kogyo Co., Ltd.). A conductive support 1-D was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1 except that chromic acid treatment was performed at 25 ° C. for a treatment time of 30 seconds.

<< Formation and Evaluation of Elastic Layer and Surface Layer >>
Using the conductive support 1-D, a conductive elastic roll 1-D was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1.
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 1-D, a conductive elastic roll 1-4 was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1.
The conductive elastic roll 1-4 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

<Reference Example 1-5>
<Formation of plating layer>
After forming a hard chromium plating layer having a thickness of 10 μm on the surface of a conductive support made of SUM23L described in JIS G 4804 (1999) and having a diameter of 8 mm by the electrolytic plating method under the following conditions, the temperature is 150 ° C. for 30 minutes. Heat treatment was performed to obtain a conductive support 1-E.
-Plating conditions-
・ Plating solution: chromic acid (250 g / L), sulfuric acid (2.5 g / L)
-Treatment bath temperature: 50 ° C
Current density: 40 A / dm ²
・ Processing time: 150 seconds

<< Formation and Evaluation of Elastic Layer and Surface Layer >>
A conductive elastic roll 1-E was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1 using the conductive support 1-E.
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll E, a conductive elastic roll 1-5 was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1.
The conductive elastic roll 1-5 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

<Reference Example 1-6>
<Formation of plating layer>
After forming an electroless nickel plating layer in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-2, a 5 μm thick ta-C layer was formed using an FCVA apparatus (Shimadzu Corporation) to obtain a conductive support 1-F. .

<< Formation and Evaluation of Elastic Layer and Surface Layer >>
Using the conductive support 1-F, a conductive elastic roll 1-F was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1.
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 1-F, a conductive elastic roll 1-6 was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1.
The conductive elastic roll 1-6 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

<Reference Example 1-7>
<Formation of plating layer>
In the same manner as in Reference Example 1-2, a conductive support 1-G having an electroless nickel plating layer with a thickness of 10 μm was obtained.

<Formation of elastic layer>
A mixture having the following composition is kneaded with an open roll, an elastic layer is formed on the surface of the conductive support 1-G using a press molding machine, and then vulcanized to form a conductive elastic roll 1-G having a diameter of 14 mm. Obtained.

(composition)
・ Rubber material (chloroprene rubber Skyprene: manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) 100 parts by mass ・ Conducting agent (Ketjen Black EC: manufactured by Lion Corporation) 10 parts by mass ・ Vulcanization accelerator (Noxeller EUR: manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 1 3 parts by mass / magnesium oxide 5 parts by mass / zinc oxide (1 type of zinc oxide: manufactured by Shodo Chemical Co., Ltd.) 3 parts by mass / stearic acid 1 part by mass

<< Formation and evaluation of surface layer >>
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 1-G, a conductive elastic roll 1-7 was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1.
The conductive elastic roll 1-7 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

<Reference Example 1-8>
<Formation of plating layer>
In the same manner as in Reference Example 1-2, a conductive support 1-H having an electroless nickel plating layer with a thickness of 10 μm was obtained.

<Formation of elastic layer>
A mixture having the following composition was kneaded with an open roll, an elastic layer was formed on the surface of the conductive support 1-H using a press molding machine, and then vulcanized to obtain a conductive elastic roll 1-H having a diameter of 14 mm. Obtained.

(composition)
・ Rubber material (NBR Nipol DN3335: manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) 100 parts by mass. Conductive agent (Ketjen Black EC: manufactured by Lion) 8 parts by mass. Ion conductive agent (lithium perchlorate) 1 part by mass. Zinc oxide (oxidation) 1 type of zinc: manufactured by Shodo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 3 parts by mass, 1 part by mass of stearic acid, vulcanizing agent (sulfur 200 mesh: manufactured by Tsurumi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 1 part by mass, vulcanization accelerator (Noxeller DM: Ouchi Eshin (Made by Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 1 part by mass / Vulcanization accelerator (Noxeller TT: Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) 1 part by mass

<< Formation and evaluation of surface layer >>
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 1-H, a conductive elastic roll 1-8 was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1.
The conductive elastic roll 1-8 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

<Comparative Example 1-1>
<Formation of plating layer>
A conductive support 1-AA was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1 except that the plating time was adjusted to 7 minutes and 30 seconds to make the film thickness of the electroless nickel plating layer 5 μm.

<< Formation and Evaluation of Elastic Layer and Surface Layer >>
A conductive elastic roll 1-AA was obtained using the conductive support 1-AA in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1.
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 1-AA, a conductive elastic roll 1-11 was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1.
The conductive elastic roll 1-11 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

<Comparative Example 1-2>
<Formation of plating layer>
A conductive support 1-AB was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1 except that the plating time was adjusted to 4 minutes and 90 seconds and the film thickness of the electroless nickel plating layer was changed to 3 μm.

<< Formation and Evaluation of Elastic Layer and Surface Layer >>
A conductive elastic roll 1-AB was obtained using the conductive support 1-AB in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1.
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 1-AB, a conductive elastic roll 1-12 was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1.
The conductive elastic roll 1-12 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

<Example 2D-1>
<< Formation of DLC layer >>
Acetylene used as a carrier gas in plasma chemical vapor deposition is introduced into the surface of a conductive support made of SUM23L described in JIS G 4804 (1999) and having a diameter of 8 mm into a parallel plate type plasma CVD apparatus. Then, discharge was performed at a high frequency of 13.56 MHz to obtain a conductive support 2D-A on which a DLC layer having a thickness of 10.0 μm was formed.

<Formation of elastic layer>
A mixture having the following composition is kneaded with an open roll, an elastic layer is formed on the surface of the conductive support 2D-A using a press molding machine, and then vulcanized to obtain a conductive elastic roll 2D-A having a diameter of 14 mm. It was.

(composition)
-100 parts by mass of rubber material (epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide-allyl glycidyl ether copolymer rubber Gechron 3106: manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.)
-Conductive agent (carbon black Asahi Thermal: Asahi Carbon Co., Ltd.) 15 parts by mass-Conductive agent (Ketjen Black EC: Lion Corp.) 5 parts by mass-Ion conductive agent (lithium perchlorate) 1 part by mass-Vulcanizing agent (Sulfur 200 mesh: manufactured by Tsurumi Chemical Co., Ltd.) 1 part by mass, vulcanization accelerator (Noxeller DM: manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) 2.0 parts by mass, vulcanization accelerator (Noxeller TT: Ouchi New Chemical Co., Ltd.) 0.5 parts by mass, vulcanization accelerating aid (Zinc oxide, zinc oxide 1 type: manufactured by Shodo Chemical Co., Ltd.) 3 parts by mass, 1.5 parts by mass of stearic acid

  About obtained electroconductive elastic roll 2D-A, the seizure state of the rubber to the electroconductive support body surface was observed visually. The results are shown in Table 2.

<< Formation of surface layer >>
Dispersion B obtained by dispersing the following mixture with a bead mill was diluted with MEK, dip-coated on the surface of the conductive elastic roll 2D-A, then dried by heating at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes, and a thickness of 7 μm. A surface layer was formed to obtain a conductive elastic roll 2D-1.

(blend)
・ 100 parts by mass of polymer material (saturated copolymer polyester resin solution Byron 30SS: manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.)
Curing agent 26.3 parts by mass (amino resin solution Super Becamine G-821-60: manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc.)
-Conductive agent 10 parts by mass (carbon black MONARCH1000: manufactured by Cabot Corporation)

<Evaluation>
The conductive elastic roll 2D-1 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1. The results are shown in Table 2.

<Example 2D-2>
<< Formation of DLC layer >>
A conductive support 2D-B was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1, except that the thickness of the DLC layer was changed to 4.0 μm.

<< Formation and Evaluation of Elastic Layer and Surface Layer >>
A conductive elastic roll 2D-B was obtained using the conductive support 2D-B in the same manner as in Example 2D-1.
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 2D-B, a conductive elastic roll 2D-2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1.
The conductive elastic roll 2D-2 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 2.

<Example 2D-3>
<< Formation of DLC layer >>
A conductive support 2D-C was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1, except that the thickness of the DLC layer was changed to 1.0 μm.

<< Formation and Evaluation of Elastic Layer and Surface Layer >>
A conductive elastic roll 2D-C was obtained using the conductive support 2D-C in the same manner as in Example 2D-1.
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 2D-C, a conductive elastic roll 2D-3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1.
The conductive elastic roll 2D-3 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 2.

<Example 2D-4>
<< Formation of DLC layer >>
A conductive support 2D-D was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1 except that the thickness of the DLC layer was changed to 0.2 μm.

<< Formation and Evaluation of Elastic Layer and Surface Layer >>
Using the conductive support 2D-D, a conductive elastic roll 2D-D was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1.
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 2D-D, a conductive elastic roll 2D-4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1.
The conductive elastic roll 2D-4 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 2.

<Example 2D-5>
<< Formation of DLC layer >>
A conductive support 2D-E was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1, except that the thickness of the DLC layer was changed to 0.1 μm.

<< Formation and Evaluation of Elastic Layer and Surface Layer >>
A conductive elastic roll 2D-E was obtained using the conductive support 2D-E in the same manner as in Example 2D-1.
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 2D-E, a conductive elastic roll 2D-5 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1.
The conductive elastic roll 2D-5 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 2.

<Example 2D-6>
<< Formation of DLC layer >>
As a conductive support, an electroless nickel plating layer having a thickness of 5 μm is applied to the surface of a conductive support having a diameter of 8 mm made of SUM23L described in JIS G 4804 (1999) as in Comparative Example 1-1. In addition, a conductive support 2D-F was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1, except that the thickness of the DLC layer was changed to 1.0 μm.

<< Formation and Evaluation of Elastic Layer and Surface Layer >>
A conductive elastic roll 2D-F was obtained using the conductive support 2D-F in the same manner as in Example 2D-1.
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 2D-F, a conductive elastic roll 2D-6 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1.
The conductive elastic roll 2D-6 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 2.

<Example 2D-7>
<< Formation of DLC layer >>
As a conductive support, after applying an electroless nickel plating layer having a thickness of 5 μm to the conductive support surface of 8 mm in diameter made of SUM23L described in JIS G 4804 (1999), as in Comparative Example 1-1, Further, a conductive support 2D-G was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1, except that a chromic acid-treated product was used and the thickness of the DLC layer was 1.0 μm.

<< Formation and Evaluation of Elastic Layer and Surface Layer >>
Using the conductive support 2D-G, a conductive elastic roll 2D-G was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1.
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 2D-G, a conductive elastic roll 2D-7 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1.
The conductive elastic roll 2D-7 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 2.

<Example 2D-8>
<< Formation of DLC layer >>
A conductive support 2D-H was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1, except that SUS303 was used as the conductive support and the thickness of the DLC layer was changed to 1.0 μm.

<< Formation and Evaluation of Elastic Layer and Surface Layer >>
Using the conductive support 2D-H, a conductive elastic roll 2D-H was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1.
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 2D-H, a conductive elastic roll 2D-8 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1.
The conductive elastic roll 2D-8 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 2.

<Example 2D-9>
<< Formation of DLC layer >>
A conductive support 2D-I was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1 except that the thickness of the DLC layer was changed to 1.0 μm.

<Formation of elastic layer>
A mixture having the following composition is kneaded with an open roll, an elastic layer is formed on the surface of the conductive support 2D-I using a press molding machine, vulcanized, and a conductive elastic roll 2D-I having a diameter of 14 mm is obtained. Obtained.

(blend)
Rubber material (EPDM EP65: manufactured by JSR) 100 parts by mass Conductive material (carbon black Asahi Thermal: manufactured by Asahi Carbon Co.) 40 parts by mass Conductive material (Ketjen Black EC: manufactured by Lion Corporation) 10 parts by mass Foaming agent (Vinyl Hall AC # 3: manufactured by Eiwa Chemical Co., Ltd.) 8 parts by mass, vulcanizing agent (sulfur 200 mesh: manufactured by Tsurumi Chemical Co., Ltd.) 1 part by mass, vulcanization accelerator (Noxeller DM: manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) 2 .0 part by mass / Vulcanization accelerator (Noxeller TT: Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) 0.5 part by mass

  Regarding the obtained conductive elastic roll 2D-I, the state of the rubber sticking to the surface of the conductive support was visually observed. The results are shown in Table 2.

<< Formation and evaluation of surface layer >>
Using the conductive elastic roll 2D-I, a conductive elastic roll 2D-9 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1.
The conductive elastic roll 2D-9 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 2.

<Example 2D-10>
<< Formation of DLC layer >>
In the same manner as in Example 2D-2, a conductive support 2D-J having a DLC layer with a thickness of 4.0 μm was obtained.

<Formation of elastic layer>
A mixture having the following composition is kneaded with an open roll, an elastic layer is formed on the surface of the conductive support 2D-J using a press molding machine, and then vulcanized to form a conductive elastic roll 2D-J having a diameter of 14 mm. Obtained.

(composition)
・ Rubber material (chloroprene rubber Skyprene: manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) 100 parts by mass ・ Conducting agent (Ketjen Black EC: manufactured by Lion Corporation) 10 parts by mass ・ Vulcanization accelerator (Noxeller EUR: manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 1 3 parts by mass / magnesium oxide 5 parts by mass / zinc oxide (1 type of zinc oxide: manufactured by Shodo Chemical Co., Ltd.) 3 parts by mass / stearic acid 1 part by mass

<< Formation and evaluation of surface layer >>
Conductive elastic roll 2D-10 was obtained in the same manner as Example 2D-1 using conductive elastic roll 2D-J.
The conductive elastic roll 2D-10 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 2.

<Example 2D-11>
<< Formation of DLC layer >>
In the same manner as in Example 2D-2, a conductive support 2D-K having a DLC layer with a thickness of 4.0 μm was obtained.

<Formation of elastic layer>
A mixture having the following composition is kneaded with an open roll, an elastic layer is formed on the surface of the conductive support 2D-K using a press molding machine, and then vulcanized to obtain a conductive elastic roll 2D-K having a diameter of 14 mm. Obtained.

(composition)
・ Rubber material (NBR Nipol DN3335: manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) 100 parts by mass. Conductive agent (Ketjen Black EC: manufactured by Lion) 8 parts by mass. Ion conductive agent (lithium perchlorate) 1 part by mass. Zinc oxide (oxidation) 1 type of zinc: manufactured by Shodo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 3 parts by mass, 1 part by mass of stearic acid, vulcanizing agent (sulfur 200 mesh: manufactured by Tsurumi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 1 part by mass, vulcanization accelerator (Noxeller DM: Ouchi Eshin (Made by Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 1 part by mass / Vulcanization accelerator (Noxeller TT: Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) 1 part by mass

<< Formation and evaluation of surface layer >>
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 2D-K, a conductive elastic roll 2D-11 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1.
The conductive elastic roll 2D-11 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 2.

<Example 2t-1>
<< Formation of ta-C layer >>
A ta-C layer was formed on the surface of a conductive support having a diameter of 8 mm made of SUM23L described in JIS G 4804 (1999) using an FCVA apparatus (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). The conditions were a film forming temperature of 40 ° C. and a film forming speed of 1.5 nm / s, and the conductive support was formed while rotating at 30 rpm in order to form a uniform layer.
Thus, conductive support 2t-A having a ta-C layer having a thickness of 5.0 μm was obtained.

<Formation of elastic layer>
A mixture having the following composition is kneaded with an open roll, an elastic layer is formed on the surface of the conductive support 2t-A using a press molding machine, and then vulcanized to obtain a conductive elastic roll 2t-A having a diameter of 14 mm. It was.

(composition)
-100 parts by mass of rubber material (epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide-allyl glycidyl ether copolymer rubber Gechron 3106: manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.)
-Conductive agent (carbon black Asahi Thermal: Asahi Carbon Co., Ltd.) 15 parts by mass-Conductive agent (Ketjen Black EC: Lion Corp.) 5 parts by mass-Ion conductive agent (lithium perchlorate) 1 part by mass-Vulcanizing agent (Sulfur 200 mesh: manufactured by Tsurumi Chemical Co., Ltd.) 1 part by mass, vulcanization accelerator (Noxeller DM: manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) 2.0 parts by mass, vulcanization accelerator (Noxeller TT: Ouchi New Chemical Co., Ltd.) 0.5 parts by mass, vulcanization accelerating aid (Zinc oxide, zinc oxide 1 type: manufactured by Shodo Chemical Co., Ltd.) 3 parts by mass, 1.5 parts by mass of stearic acid

  About the obtained electroconductive elastic roll 2t-A, the image sticking state of the rubber to the electroconductive support body surface was observed visually. The results are shown in Table 3.

<< Formation of surface layer >>
Dispersion C obtained by dispersing the following mixture with a bead mill was diluted with MEK, dip-coated on the surface of the conductive elastic roll 2t-A, then dried by heating at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes, and a thickness of 7 μm. A surface layer was formed to obtain a conductive elastic roll 2t-1.

(blend)
・ 100 parts by mass of polymer material (saturated copolymer polyester resin solution Byron 30SS: manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.)
Curing agent 26.3 parts by mass (amino resin solution Super Becamine G-821-60: manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc.)
-Conductive agent 10 parts by mass (carbon black MONARCH1000: manufactured by Cabot Corporation)

<Evaluation>
The conductive elastic roll 2t-1 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1. The results are shown in Table 3.

<Example 2t-2>
<< Formation of ta-C layer >>
A conductive support 2t-B was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1 except that the thickness of the ta-C layer was 2.0 μm.

<< Formation and Evaluation of Elastic Layer and Surface Layer >>
A conductive elastic roll 2t-B was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1 using the conductive support 2t-B.
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 2t-B, a conductive elastic roll 2t-2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1.
The conductive elastic roll 2t-2 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 3.

<Example 2t-3>
<< Formation of ta-C layer >>
A conductive support 2t-C was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1 except that the thickness of the ta-C layer was changed to 0.8 μm.

<< Formation and Evaluation of Elastic Layer and Surface Layer >>
A conductive elastic roll 2t-C was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1 using the conductive support 2t-C.
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 2t-C, a conductive elastic roll 2t-3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1.
The conductive elastic roll 2t-3 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 3.

<Example 2t-4>
<< Formation of ta-C layer >>
A conductive support 2t-D was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1 except that the thickness of the ta-C layer was changed to 0.2 μm.

<< Formation and Evaluation of Elastic Layer and Surface Layer >>
A conductive elastic roll 2t-D was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1 using the conductive support 2t-D.
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 2t-D, a conductive elastic roll 2t-4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1.
The conductive elastic roll 2t-4 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 3.

<Example 2t-5>
<< Formation of ta-C layer >>
A conductive support 2t-E was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1 except that the thickness of the ta-C layer was changed to 0.1 μm.

<< Formation and Evaluation of Elastic Layer and Surface Layer >>
A conductive elastic roll 2t-E was obtained using the conductive support 2t-E in the same manner as in Example 2t-1.
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 2t-E, a conductive elastic roll 2t-5 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1.
The conductive elastic roll 2t-5 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 3.

<Example 2t-6>
<< Formation of ta-C layer >>
As a conductive support, an electroless nickel plating layer having a thickness of 5 μm is applied to the surface of a conductive support having a diameter of 8 mm made of SUM23L described in JIS G 4804 (1999) as in Comparative Example 1-1. Was used, and a conductive support 2t-F was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1, except that the thickness of the ta-C layer was 1.0 μm.

<< Formation and Evaluation of Elastic Layer and Surface Layer >>
Using the conductive support 2t-F, a conductive elastic roll 2t-F was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1.
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 2t-F, a conductive elastic roll 2t-6 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1.
The conductive elastic roll 2t-6 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 3.

<Example 2t-7>
<< Formation of ta-C layer >>
After applying an electroless nickel plating layer having a thickness of 5 μm to the surface of a conductive support made of SUM23L described in JIS G 4804 (1999) and having a diameter of 8 mm as a conductive support in the same manner as Comparative Example 1-1. Further, a conductive support 2t-G was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1, except that a chromic acid-treated one was used and the thickness of the ta-C layer was 1.0 μm.

<< Formation and Evaluation of Elastic Layer and Surface Layer >>
A conductive elastic roll 2t-G was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1 using the conductive support 2t-G.
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 2t-G, a conductive elastic roll 2t-7 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1.
The conductive elastic roll 2t-7 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 3.

<Example 2t-8>
<< Formation of ta-C layer >>
A conductive support 2t-H was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1, except that SUS303 was used as the conductive support and the thickness of the ta-C layer was changed to 0.8 μm.

<< Formation and Evaluation of Elastic Layer and Surface Layer >>
A conductive elastic roll 2t-H was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1 using the conductive support 2t-H.
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 2t-H, a conductive elastic roll 2t-8 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1.
The conductive elastic roll 2t-8 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 3.

<Example 2t-9>
<< Formation of ta-C layer >>
A conductive support 2t-I was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1 except that the thickness of the ta-C layer was changed to 0.8 μm.

<Formation of elastic layer>
A mixture having the following composition was kneaded with an open roll, an elastic layer was formed on the surface of the conductive support 2t-I using a press molding machine, vulcanized, and a conductive elastic roll 2t-I having a diameter of 14 mm was formed. Obtained.

(blend)
Rubber material (EPDM EP65: manufactured by JSR) 100 parts by mass Conductive material (carbon black Asahi Thermal: manufactured by Asahi Carbon Co.) 40 parts by mass Conductive material (Ketjen Black EC: manufactured by Lion Corporation) 10 parts by mass Foaming agent (Vinyl Hall AC # 3: manufactured by Eiwa Chemical Co., Ltd.) 8 parts by mass, vulcanizing agent (sulfur 200 mesh: manufactured by Tsurumi Chemical Co., Ltd.) 1 part by mass, vulcanization accelerator (Noxeller DM: manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) 2 .0 part by mass / Vulcanization accelerator (Noxeller TT: Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) 0.5 part by mass

  Regarding the obtained conductive elastic roll 2t-I, the state of rubber sticking to the surface of the conductive support was visually observed. The results are shown in Table 3.

<< Formation and evaluation of surface layer >>
Using the conductive elastic roll 2t-I, a conductive elastic roll 2t-9 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1.
The conductive elastic roll 2t-9 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 3.

<Example 2t-10>
<< Formation of ta-C layer >>
In the same manner as in Example 2t-2, a conductive support 2t-J having a ta-C layer with a thickness of 2.0 μm was obtained.

<Formation of elastic layer>
A mixture having the following composition was kneaded with an open roll, an elastic layer was formed on the surface of the conductive support 2t-J using a press molding machine, vulcanized, and a conductive elastic roll 2t-J having a diameter of 14 mm was formed. Obtained.

(composition)
・ Rubber material (chloroprene rubber Skyprene: manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) 100 parts by mass ・ Conducting agent (Ketjen Black EC: manufactured by Lion Corporation) 10 parts by mass ・ Vulcanization accelerator (Noxeller EUR: manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 1 3 parts by mass / magnesium oxide 5 parts by mass / zinc oxide (1 type of zinc oxide: manufactured by Shodo Chemical Co., Ltd.) 3 parts by mass / stearic acid 1 part by mass

<< Formation and evaluation of surface layer >>
Conductive elastic roll 2t-10 was obtained in the same manner as Example 2t-1 using conductive elastic roll 2t-J.
The conductive elastic roll 2t-10 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 3.

<Example 2t-11>
<< Formation of DLC layer >>
In the same manner as in Example 2t-2, a conductive support 2t-K having a ta-C layer with a thickness of 2.0 μm was obtained.

<Formation of elastic layer>
A mixture having the following composition is kneaded with an open roll, an elastic layer is formed on the surface of the conductive support 2t-K using a press molding machine, vulcanized, and a conductive elastic roll 2t-K having a diameter of 14 mm is obtained. Obtained.

(composition)
・ Rubber material (NBR Nipol DN3335: manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) 100 parts by mass. Conductive agent (Ketjen Black EC: manufactured by Lion) 8 parts by mass. Ion conductive agent (lithium perchlorate) 1 part by mass. Zinc oxide (oxidation) 1 type of zinc: manufactured by Shodo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 3 parts by mass, 1 part by mass of stearic acid, vulcanizing agent (sulfur 200 mesh: manufactured by Tsurumi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 1 part by mass, vulcanization accelerator (Noxeller DM: Ouchi Eshin (Made by Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 1 part by mass / Vulcanization accelerator (Noxeller TT: Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) 1 part by mass

<< Formation and evaluation of surface layer >>
Using the obtained conductive elastic roll 2t-K, a conductive elastic roll 2t-11 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2t-1.
The conductive elastic roll 2t-11 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 3.

<Comparative Example 2-1>
<Formation of elastic layer>
Except having used SUM23L for the electroconductive support body, electroconductive elastic roll 2-AA was obtained like Example 2D-1.

<< Formation and evaluation of surface layer >>
A conductive elastic roll 2-11 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1 using the conductive elastic roll 2-AA.
The conductive elastic roll 2-11 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 4.

<Comparative Example 2-2>
<Formation of elastic layer>
As a conductive support, a surface of a conductive support having a diameter of 8 mm made of SUM23L described in JIS G 4804 (1999) and having an electroless nickel plating layer having a thickness of 5 μm as in Comparative Example 1-1. A conductive elastic roll 2-AB was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1 except that it was used.

<< Formation and evaluation of surface layer >>
Using the conductive elastic roll 2-AB, a conductive elastic roll 2-12 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1.
The conductive elastic roll 2-12 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 4.

<Comparative Example 2-3>
<Formation of elastic layer>
As a conductive support, after applying an electroless nickel plating layer having a thickness of 5 μm to the conductive support surface of 8 mm in diameter made of SUM23L described in JIS G 4804 (1999), as in Comparative Example 1-1, Further, a conductive elastic roll 2-AC was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1, except that a chromic acid-treated one was used.

<< Formation and evaluation of surface layer >>
Using the conductive elastic roll 2-AC, a conductive elastic roll 2-13 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2D-1.
The conductive elastic roll 2-13 was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1-1, and the results are shown in Table 4.

As apparent from Tables 2 and 3, the conductive elastic member of the example does not change the surface of the conductive support even after storage at high temperature and high humidity. It can also be seen that there is no rubber seizure on the surface of the conductive support during the formation of the elastic layer.
It can also be seen that according to the image forming apparatus provided with the conductive elastic member of the example, a printed matter with excellent image quality with few image defects can be obtained.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10a ... Specific electroconductive support body, 10b ... Electroconductive support body, 20 ... Elastic layer, 30 ... Adhesive layer, 40 ... Surface layer, 50 ... Carbon layer (DLC layer, ta-C layer), 200a-200c ... Image formation 207 ... Electrophotographic photosensitive member, 208 ... Charging device, 209 ... Power source, 210 ... Exposure device, 211 ... Developing device, 212 ... Transfer device, 213 ... Cleaning device, 214 ... Staticator, 215 ... Fixing device, 216 ... Mounting rail, 217 ... opening for static elimination exposure, 218 ... opening for exposure, 300 ... process cartridge, 400 ... housing, 401a-b ... electrophotographic photosensitive member, 402a-402d ... charging roll, 403 ... laser Light source (exposure device), 404a to 404d ... developing device, 405a to 405d ... toner cartridge, 406 ... drive roll, 407 ... te 408 ... backup roll, 409 ... intermediate transfer belt, 410a-410d ... primary transfer roll, 411 ... tray (transfer target tray), 412 ... transfer roll, 413 ... secondary transfer roll, 414 ... fixing roll, 415a to 415d ... cleaning blade, 416 ... cleaning blade, 500 ... transferred body

Claims (5)

  A conductive elastic member in which a diamond-like carbon layer and an elastic layer are formed in this order on a conductive support.   A conductive elastic member in which a tetrahedral amorphous carbon layer and an elastic layer are formed in this order on a conductive support.   The conductive elastic member according to claim 1, wherein the elastic layer contains chlorine-based rubber.   The conductive elastic member according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the elastic layer contains a chlorine-based surfactant. An image forming apparatus comprising the conductive elastic member according to claim 1.