JP2012244923A - Cultivation facility - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To maintain the best cultivation in a cultivation facility even in the event that a skylight cannot be opened regardless of the need to ventilate a greenhouse, affecting plant cultivation.SOLUTION: A plurality of rotation fulcrum shafts (108) for rotating the same skylight (30) to open or close the same are provided and the rotation fulcrum shaft (108) serving as the center of rotation is selectively chosen so that the skylight (30) can be opened and closed in a different direction. Two pairs of rotation fulcrum shafts (108) to be disposed in parallel in the same direction are provided, with the directions of the pair of rotation fulcrum shafts (108) crossing each other.

Description

  This invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation facilities.

  In a cultivation facility, a configuration in which a plurality of skylights are provided on a roof of a greenhouse is known. In general, the roof of the greenhouse is provided with a large number of ridges inclined in a triangle in parallel, and the skylight provided on the roof is a single pivot fulcrum shaft provided on the upper inclined side of the roof. It rotates around and opens from the lower slope side of the roof. Therefore, the skylight on one side of the roof inclined in a triangular shape and the skylight on the other side rotate in opposite directions to open.

  And when ventilation in a greenhouse is required, such as when the room temperature in a greenhouse is too high, it ventilates by opening a skylight. A wind sensor that detects the direction and strength of the wind is installed on the roof, and based on the detection of the wind sensor, the skylight that opens on the windward side when the wind strength exceeds a predetermined level is closed or all skylights are closed The control part which performs is provided. This prevents the skylight from being damaged by strong winds. In addition, a rain sensor for detecting rain is provided on the roof, and when it is raining based on the detection of the rain sensor, control is performed to close all skylights so that rain does not enter the greenhouse (Patent Literature). 1).

JP 62-6614 A

However, even if ventilation in the greenhouse is necessary, a situation where the skylight cannot be opened will affect plant cultivation.
This invention makes it a subject to maintain optimal and favorable cultivation.

In order to solve the above problems, the following technical measures were taken.
In other words, the invention according to claim 1 is provided with a plurality of pivot fulcrum shafts (108) for rotating and opening the same skylight (30), and selecting the pivot fulcrum shaft (108) as the pivot center. The cultivation facility was configured so that the skylight (30) could be opened and closed in different directions.

The invention according to claim 2 is the cultivation facility according to claim 1, wherein the directions of the plurality of pivot fulcrum shafts (108) intersect each other.
The invention according to claim 3 is the cultivation facility according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of pivot fulcrum shafts (108) are arranged in parallel in the same direction.

  The invention according to claim 4 is configured such that two pairs of rotation fulcrum shafts (108) arranged in parallel in the same direction are provided, and the directions of the rotation fulcrum shafts (108) of each pair intersect. The cultivation facility according to claim 1 is provided.

  In the invention according to claim 5, the skylight (30) is provided with respective bearing grooves (106) into which a plurality of pivot fulcrum shafts (108) enter from below, and the pivot fulcrum shaft (108) is a bearing. A regulating device (109) that regulates removal from the groove (106) is provided corresponding to each pivot fulcrum shaft (108), and a push-up device (77) that pushes up the skylight (30) from below is provided. The restriction device (109) corresponding to all the rotation fulcrum shafts (108) other than the rotation fulcrum shaft (108) is all released to operate the push-up device (77), whereby the one rotation fulcrum is operated. The cultivation facility according to claim 1, wherein the skylight (30) is rotated around the axis (108).

The invention according to claim 6 is the cultivation facility according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of skylights (30) are provided and can be opened and closed in different directions for each skylight (30).
The invention according to claim 7 is provided with an anemometer (111) for detecting the wind direction at a plurality of positions on the roof, and the skylight (30) in the vicinity of the anemometer corresponding to each of the plurality of anemometers (111). The cultivation facility according to claim 6 provided with the control part (26) which performs control which opens a leeward side.

  The invention according to claim 8 estimates a wind direction at a position where the anemometer (111) is not arranged based on detection of a plurality of anemometers (111), and based on the estimated wind direction (111) The cultivation facility according to claim 7, further comprising a control unit (26) for performing control for opening the leeward side of the skylight (30) at a position where the) is not disposed.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the skylight 30 is opened and ventilated, the skylight 30 is rotated around the rotation fulcrum shaft 108 that is on the windward side as much as possible among the plurality of rotation fulcrum shafts 108. Can be prevented from opening in the upwind direction, ventilation can be performed even when the wind is strong, and the environment in the greenhouse can be optimized to maintain good cultivation.

According to the invention according to claim 2, in addition to the effect of the invention according to claim 1, the opening / closing direction of the skylight 30 can be switched to the intersecting direction, and the skylight 30 can be appropriately opened / closed according to the direction of the wind.
According to the invention of claim 3, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 1, the opening / closing direction of the skylight 30 can be switched to the opposite direction to each other, and the skylight 30 can be appropriately opened / closed according to the direction of the wind.

According to the fourth aspect of the invention, in addition to the effects of the first, second, and third aspects, the leeward side of the skylight 30 can be opened and closed appropriately.
According to the invention according to claim 5, in addition to the effect of the invention according to claim 1, the skylight 30 can be opened and closed in a plurality of opening and closing directions by the common push-up device 77, and the opening and closing mechanism of the skylight 30 is simply configured. And cost reduction.

  According to the invention of claim 6, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 1, each skylight 30 can be made by changing the opening and closing direction of the skylight 30 in accordance with the direction of the wind that differs depending on the position of the plurality of skylights 30. Can be opened and closed properly.

According to the invention of claim 7, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 6, each skylight 30 can be appropriately opened and closed by the detection of the anemometer 111.
According to the invention of claim 8, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 7, each skylight 30 can be opened and closed more appropriately by estimating the wind direction at the position where the anemometer 111 is not arranged.

Top view showing cultivation facilities in an easy-to-understand manner Diagram showing the nutrient solution transfer system of the nutrient solution supply device in an easy-to-understand manner Figure showing a ventilating pipe Easy-to-understand illustration of heating equipment Front view showing moving belt Plan view showing the moving band Side view showing surrounding structure of stem temperature control pipe Front view showing peripheral configuration of stem temperature control pipe Plan view showing the fruit number display system in an easy-to-understand manner Diagram showing the nutrient solution sterilization system Front view showing the cultivation room Top view showing the cultivation room Side view showing the skylight opening and closing mechanism A perspective view showing an example of skylight control according to the wind direction Top view of cultivation room showing the area in skylight control clearly Flow chart showing wind direction control in skylight control Top view of the cultivation room showing an easy-to-understand example of skylight opening and closing depending on the wind direction Front view showing reflector (a: normal cultivation state, b: folded state) Front view showing different types of reflectors Front view showing the movement mechanism of the cultivation bed in an easy-to-understand manner Illustration showing the sowing device in an easy-to-understand manner

One embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
FIG. 1 shows an example of a cultivation facility. This cultivation facility is adjacent to the cultivation room 1, which is a greenhouse in which the indoor environment such as temperature and humidity is managed by a heater, a humidifier, or the like. And a shipping room 2. In the center of the cultivation room 1 is provided a main passage 4 through which an operator or a work vehicle (work cart) 3 or a control work vehicle can pass, and the main passage 4 is a concrete whose road surface is made of concrete. It is a passage. At side positions on both sides of the main passage 4, a cultivation space 6 for cultivating a crop in which a large number of cultivation beds 5 serving as cultivation strips are arranged is configured. In addition, the said cultivation bed 5 is formed with rock wool, and becomes a structure by which a nutrient solution is supplied to each cultivation bed 5 from the nutrient solution supply apparatus 7 in the shipping room 2. FIG. Moreover, the entrance / exit 8 to the cultivation room 1 provided with an opening / closing door is provided at both ends of the main passage 4, and it is configured to be able to come and go to the adjacent shipping room 2 through one entrance / exit 8. In addition, the other doorway 8 becomes a structure which can enter / exit from the outdoors of a cultivation facility. Then, the work vehicle is moved from the main passage 4 to the sub-passage 9 between the cultivation strips (each cultivation bed 5), and the work carriage 3 is moved along the cultivation strip (cultivation bed 5) in the sub-passage 9. Various operations can be performed on the cultivation strips.

The work vehicle 3 travels on the left and right heating pipes 37, which will be described later, installed on the sub-passage 9 as traveling rails.
The shipping chamber 2 includes the nutrient solution supply device 7 described above and a sorting device 10 that sorts harvested fruits (fruits) such as tomatoes by weight, size, or grade. The sorting device 10 serves as a pretreatment device for treating the cultivated crop before shipment. The sorting device 10 includes a sorting conveyor 11 that conveys and sorts the harvested products, and a harvested storage unit 12 for each class provided on both sides of the sorting conveyor 11. The harvested product is supplied to each harvested storage unit 12 and sorted into each class. The sorting conveyor 11 is bent in an L shape in plan view. In addition, each harvest storage unit 12 may be provided with a storage box for storing the harvest, and the harvest may be shipped for each storage box.

  On the upper side of the cultivation strip (cultivation bed 5), two induction wires 80 along the cultivation strip are provided on the left and right for each cultivation strip. The cultivated plants (cultivated strains) arranged in a line in the cultivation strip are configured to be alternately distributed by the left and right attracting wires 80 and are attracted by the attracting cord 81 hanging from the attracting wire 80. Therefore, for example, when cultivating tomatoes, the stalks of tomatoes extend from the cultivation bed 5 along the attracting string 81.

  A growth point temperature adjusting pipe 91 is provided below the attracting wire 80 and above the cultivation bed 5. Therefore, the growth point temperature adjusting pipe 91 is disposed near the attracting string 81. Further, a rhizosphere temperature adjusting pipe 92 is provided immediately above the cultivation bed 5 which is lower than the growth point temperature adjusting pipe 91. The growth point temperature adjusting pipe 91 and the rhizosphere temperature adjusting pipe 92 extend in the direction of the attracting wire 80, that is, the cultivation strip, and have a configuration in which hot water or cold water that is a temperature adjusting fluid flows. The rhizosphere temperature adjusting pipe 92 is provided for each cultivation strip. The growth point temperature adjusting pipes 91 are provided corresponding to the attracting wires 80, and a pair is provided for each cultivation strip. Therefore, the cultivation bed 5 is heated or cooled by flowing a temperature adjustment fluid through the rhizosphere temperature adjustment pipe 92, and the temperature of the rhizosphere of the cultivated plant (for example, tomato) is adjusted. Further, by flowing a temperature adjusting fluid through the growth point temperature adjusting pipe 91, the vicinity of the growth point of the cultivated plant (for example, tomato) attracted by the attracting cord 81 is heated or cooled, and the temperature near the growth point of the cultivated plant. Make adjustments. In addition, although the height of a growth point changes with the growth of a cultivated plant, the height adjustment apparatus for adjusting the height of the pipe 91 for growth point temperature control according to it is provided separately.

  A stem temperature adjusting pipe 93 is provided between the growth point temperature adjusting pipe 91 and the rhizosphere temperature adjusting pipe 92. The stem temperature adjusting pipe 93 is flexible, and is provided along the stem in the vicinity of the attracting string 81, that is, the cultivated plant, and is provided for each attracting string 81, that is, the cultivated strain. The hot water or the cold water flows from the growth point temperature adjusting pipe 91 to the rhizosphere temperature adjusting pipe 92 via the stem temperature adjusting pipe 93. Accordingly, the temperature of the vicinity of the cultivated plant is adjusted by heating or cooling the vicinity of the cultivated plant stem with the stem temperature adjusting pipe 93. Therefore, the growth point temperature adjustment pipe 91, the rhizosphere temperature adjustment pipe 92, and the stem temperature adjustment pipe 93 can locally heat or cool the vicinity of the cultivated plant to improve the temperature adjustment efficiency. Compared with heating or cooling the entire chamber 1, the running cost can be reduced by temperature control. As the heat source, an electric heating device (chiller) that discharges and supplies a heat medium such as hot water or cold water is used. Accordingly, a hot water or cold water is supplied from the heating device to the growth point temperature adjusting pipe 91, and the hot water or cold water forms a circulation path from the rhizosphere temperature adjusting pipe 92 to the heating device. In addition, it is good also as a structure which replaces with the said heating apparatus and supplies the heat medium from the 1st heating apparatus 31 or the 2nd heating apparatus 32 mentioned later.

  In order for each cultivated plant (cultivated strain) to receive light efficiently, it is ideal that the interval between the cultivated plants (cultivated strain) is substantially the same throughout the cultivation room 1. 9 so that the cultivated plant protrudes on the sub-passage 9. However, when performing various operations on the cultivation strip while moving the work moving vehicle 3 in the sub-passage 9, if the cultivated plant protrudes from the sub-passage 9, the work moving vehicle 3 is obstructed and the work is performed. May be difficult. Therefore, in the position lower than the attracting wire 80 and higher than the cultivation bed 5 and at the same height as the work moving vehicle 3, the movement of the cultivation plant distributed to the left and right for each cultivation line is moved to the cultivation bed 5 side. A band 82 is provided. This moving strip 82 is extended along the cultivation strip on the side of the cultivated plant on the side of the sub-passage 9 with respect to the cultivated plant, one end is fixed to the end of the cultivation strip, and the other end is a strip. The belt winding device 84 driven by the winding motor 83 can be wound or unwound. By winding or unwinding the belt winding motor 83, the length of the band along the cultivating strip can be reduced. Can change. Thereby, at the time of normal cultivation, the cultivated plant is not restricted to the moving strip 82 and is placed on the sub passage 9 by extending the strip by the strip winding device 84 and lengthening the strip along the cultivation strip. It will be a position to protrude. When the work mobile vehicle 3 is working, when the work detection vehicle 85 detects that the work mobile vehicle 3 has entered the sub-passage 9 is detected by the mobile belt 82, the belt winding device 84 winds the belt. By shortening the band along the cultivation strip, the cultivated plant is brought to the cultivation bed 5 side by the moving band 82 to secure the movement space of the work vehicle 3. Thereby, in order to prevent the cultivated plant from interfering with the movement of the work vehicle 3, the moving belt 82 automatically operates in conjunction with the work vehicle 3 entering the sub-passage 9, Workability is improved by suppressing the operator's hands from securing the movement space of the work vehicle 3. The moving band 82 includes a wire serving as a detector of the entry detection sensor 85 inside. The entry detection sensor 85 can similarly detect when the control work vehicle has entered the sub-passage 9, and the moving belt 82 can be used not only for the work vehicle 3 but also for the control work vehicle to enter the sub-passage 9. Operates in conjunction with

  On the sub-passage 9, the work moving vehicle 3 has a configuration in which an operator performs a traveling operation according to the progress of the work and moves it as appropriate. However, the control work vehicle has a configuration that automatically controls while automatically traveling. . The control work vehicle will travel back and forth in the sub-passage 9, but depending on the required amount of control of the cultivation strip to be controlled, it will be controlled in the one-way control state where the control work is performed only during one-way travel in the reciprocation and in the reciprocation. The reciprocation prevention state in which the work is performed can be switched to the reciprocation prevention state in which the same sub-passage 9 is reciprocated twice and the prevention operation is performed by the reciprocation twice. Thereby, while preventing the bad influence to the cultivated plant by the control more than necessary, the improvement of the control effect can be aimed at in the cultivation strip with high incidence of pests.

  In addition, the work moving vehicle 3 or the control work vehicle is provided with a camera 94 for photographing the cultivated plant from the sub passage 9. The camera 94 automatically detects a mature fruit in each cultivated strain while running the work vehicle 3 or the control work vehicle. Image data captured by the camera 94 is wirelessly transmitted to the control unit (controller) 26, and the fruit determination device in the control unit (controller) 26 detects the mature fruit. For example, when the fruit is a tomato, the fruit turns red when the fruit matures. Therefore, the fruit discriminating apparatus detects the mature fruit by processing the image captured by the camera 94 and performing color discrimination. In addition to color discrimination, it may be configured to discriminate mature fruits based on shape, size, and the like. Moreover, the position information of the work vehicle 3 or the control work vehicle is transmitted wirelessly to the control unit (controller) 26 together with the image data, and the cultivation stock in the cultivation room 1 is recognized. . The position information can be obtained by a GPS transmitter provided on the work vehicle 3 or the control work vehicle. Thus, the number of mature fruits for each cultivated strain is counted. Then, the control unit 26 calculates the total number of mature fruits for each cultivation strip and the total number of mature fruits in the entire cultivation room 1 from the number of mature fruits for each cultivated strain, and mature fruits from the total number of these mature fruits. Set up workers to harvest. The worker's setting will be described in detail. The work ability of each of the plurality of workers (work speed, work efficiency: for example, the number of harvested mature fruits per unit time) is input to the control unit 26 in advance. The temporary harvest number of each worker is calculated from the total number of mature fruits in the cultivation room 1 according to the work ability. And based on the calculated temporary harvest number, an operator is allocated in an order from the cultivation strip at the end of the cultivation room 1, and the work area of each worker is set. At this time, an operator is set for each cultivation strip so that the work areas of a plurality of workers do not span the same cultivation strip.

  A number indicator 95 which is an electric display board is provided above each cultivated strain, and the number of mature fruits in the corresponding cultivated strain is displayed by wireless transmission from the control unit 26 to the number indicator 95. Displayed on the device 95. Moreover, the monitor 96 is provided in the entrance (end part by the side of the main channel | path 4) of each cultivation line, and the total number and the harvesting operation | work of the mature fruit in a cultivation line are carried out by the transmission from the control part 26 to the monitor 96 by radio. The operator name to be displayed is displayed on the monitor 96. The worker performs the harvesting work using the cultivation strip corresponding to the monitor 96 on which his / her name is displayed. The operator recognizes the total number of mature fruits on the cultivation strip displayed on the monitor 96 and the number of mature fruits for each cultivated strain displayed on the number display 95 while performing the harvesting work on the sub-passage 9. Do. As a result, the entire harvesting operation in the cultivation room 1 can be efficiently performed by a plurality of workers and the discovery of mature fruits can be easily performed regardless of the work ability of the worker. Can be shortened. Moreover, since an operator is set for each cultivation strip, a plurality of workers can be prevented from working at the same time on the same sub-passage 9, thereby improving work efficiency. In addition, when there are two cultivating strips between the sub-passages 9, it is desirable to set an operator for each pair of cultivating strips facing both sides of the sub-passage 9.

  Further, the camera 94 photographs the pores behind the leaves of the plant, and the control unit 26 determines the size of the pores. On the other hand, when a carbon dioxide supply device that supplies carbon dioxide into the cultivation room 1 is provided and the control unit 26 determines that the captured image from the camera has large pores, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the cultivation room 1 is set. Regardless, carbon dioxide is discharged from the carbon dioxide supply device. This makes it possible to supply carbon dioxide accurately when the pores are wide open and photosynthesis is active, and wasteful supply of carbon dioxide can be reduced as compared with conventional carbon dioxide supply control based on carbon dioxide concentration.

  By the way, as shown in FIG. 2, the nutrient solution supply device 7 includes a first tank 41 and a second tank 42 for storing the nutrient solution, an acid tank 43 for storing nitric acid, and a raw water tank 44 for storing raw water. The liquid stored in the tanks 41, 42, 43, 44 is supplied to the mixing device 49 via the main opening / closing valves 45, 46, 47, 48 and mixed by the mixing device 49. The first tank 41 and the second tank 42 store nutrient solutions having different fertilizer components. In the supply path (supply pipes 50, 51, 52) from the first tank 41, the second tank 42, and the acid tank 43 to the mixing device 49, Filters 53, 54 and 55 before mixing are provided. Further, sub-opening / closing valves 56, 57, and 58 are provided on the upper supply side of the pre-mixing filters 53, 54, and 55, respectively. The nutrient solution mixed by the mixing device 49 is supplied to each cultivation bed 5 in the cultivation room 1 through the nutrient solution pump 59 and the mixed filter 60 by the liquid supply pipe 61.

  In the supply path (supply pipe 52) from the acid tank 43, a branch pipe 62 (branch path) is connected on the supply lower side than the sub opening / closing valve 58 and the pre-mixing filter 55 and on the supply upper side from the main opening / closing valve 47. is doing. This branch pipe 62 (branch path) is mainly on the supply lower side than the auxiliary opening / closing valves 56 and 57 and the pre-mixing filters 53 and 54 in the supply path (supply pipes 50 and 51) from the first tank 41 and the second tank 42. Connected to each position on the supply side from the open / close valves 45 and 46, the nitric acid in the acid tank 43 can be supplied to the supply paths (supply pipes 50 and 51) from the first tank 41 and the second tank 42. ing. An electromagnetic branch opening / closing valve 63 is provided in the middle of the branch pipe 62. In the supply pipes 50, 51 from the first tank 41 and the second tank 42, the flow rates in the supply pipes 50, 51 are on the supply lower side than the connection part of the branch pipe 62 and on the supply upper side from the main opening / closing valves 45, 46. Are respectively provided. Further, a discharge pipe 66 for discharging without supplying liquid to each cultivation bed 5 in the cultivation room 1, that is, the liquid supply pipe 61, is connected to the lower supply side from the nutrient solution pump 59 and the mixed filter 60. In addition, the electromagnetic discharge opening / closing valve 67 provided in the discharge pipe 66 discharges the liquid discharged from the nutrient solution pump 59 to the liquid supply pipe 61 and discharges the liquid through the discharge pipe 66 to the outside. It can be switched to the discharge state.

  Therefore, in a normal state in which nutrient solution is supplied to each cultivation bed 5 in the cultivation room 1, the branching open / close valve 63 and the discharge opening / closing valve 67 are closed, and the nutrient solution mixed by the mixing device 49 is supplied to the liquid supply pipe 61. Supply. When supplying the nutrient solution, the flow rates in the supply pipes 50 and 51 from the first tank 41 and the second tank 42 are sequentially detected by the flow rate sensors 64 and 65, respectively. And when the flow volume in the supply pipes 50 and 51 at the time of nutrient solution supply becomes below a predetermined value, when the nutrient solution supply to each cultivation bed 5 in the cultivation room 1 is stopped, by the control device The branch opening / closing valve 63 and the discharge opening / closing valve 67 are automatically opened to drive the nutrient solution pump 59, and the nitric acid in the acid tank 43 is supplied from the first tank 41 and the second tank 42 via the branch pipe 62. Supplying to the pipes 50 and 51, the nitric acid is discharged to the outside through the discharge pipe 66. At this time, the auxiliary open / close valves 56 and 57 are automatically closed in the supply pipes 50 and 51 from the first tank 41 and the second tank 42, and nitric acid supplied to the supply pipes 50 and 51 is supplied to the supply pipe 50. , 51 are reversely flown so as not to be supplied to the first tank 41 and the second tank 42. Therefore, the supply pipes 50 and 51 from the first tank 41 and the second tank 42 may be clogged with insoluble matters and impurities in the nutrient solution, but the supply pipes 50 and 51 are clogged by the flow rate sensors 64 and 65. Can be automatically injected into the supply pipes 50, 51 to automatically clean the supply pipes 50, 51, and the supply pipes can be disassembled as in the prior art. Maintenance efficiency such as cleaning is eliminated and work efficiency is improved. Further, since the cleaning liquid (nitric acid) is discharged to the outside through the discharge pipe 66 and is not directly supplied to the cultivation bed 5, the above-described cleaning does not inhibit the growth of the plant.

  Further, the nutrient solution discharged from the nutrient solution pump 59 is branched to the supply superior side of the filter 60 after mixing on the lower supply side of the nutrient solution pump 59, and the mixing device 49 of the mixer 49 is supplied on the superior supply side of the nutrient solution pump 59. A circulation path (circulation pipe 68) for returning to the lower supply side is connected. This circulation path (circulation pipe 68) is provided with an electromagnetic return opening / closing valve 69. After mixing, the pressure sensor 70 provided on the lower supply side of the filter 60 is used to supply the nutrient solution to the supply pipe 61. When it is detected that the fluctuation is large, the control device automatically opens the return on-off valve 69 to circulate the nutrient solution through the circulation path (circulation pipe 68), thereby stabilizing the pressure in the liquid supply pipe 61. It has a configuration. As a result, the water hammer phenomenon due to the start of the nutrient solution pump 59 or air stagnation can be prevented, and damage to the piping (liquid supply pipe 61) on the lower supply side of the nutrient solution pump 59 can be prevented. The circulation path (circulation pipe 68) is provided with a temperature sensor 71 for detecting the temperature of the nutrient solution to be circulated, and when the temperature sensor 71 detects that the temperature of the nutrient solution has risen above a predetermined value. The nutrient solution pump 59 is forcibly stopped by the control device so that the nutrient solution is not circulated by the circulation pipe 68 so as to promote a temperature drop of the nutrient solution. Thereby, it can prevent that structures, such as a valve in a piping, packing, etc. melt | dissolve with the heat | fever of nutrient solution, and are damaged. Conventionally, in order to adjust the pressure of the nutrient solution in the liquid supply pipe, a long circulation path is provided through the liquid supply pipe for supplying the nutrient solution to each cultivation bed in the cultivation room, and the nutrient solution return path portion of the circulation path is provided. Some pressure control valves are provided, but if the temperature of the nutrient solution rises due to circulation, the structure of the pipes, packing, etc. in the piping will be damaged by the heat of the nutrient solution, or it will be cultivated by the heat of the nutrient solution. May be adversely affected.

  Further, the drained liquid from the cultivation bed 5 is collected in the raw water tank 44 and reused for supplying liquid to the cultivation bed 5. A ventilation pipe 27 passing through the raw water tank 44 is provided in the cultivation room 1, and the fan 28 is driven to ventilate the ventilation pipe 27. Thereby, the air in the cultivation room 1 positively hits the raw water tank 44 having a low temperature to cause dew condensation, and the air in the cultivation room 1 can be easily dehumidified, and the inside of the cultivation room 1 heated by the heating equipment described later. The raw water and nutrient solution in the raw water tank 44 can be heated with air. The condensed water is discharged outside the cultivation room 1 through a drain port 29 provided in the ventilation pipe 27. Therefore, since the frequency which the skylight 30 opens in the skylight control mentioned later or the opening degree of the skylight 30 can be restrained low, the room temperature fall in the cultivation room 1 can be restrained, and the load of the heating of heating equipment can be restrained and energy-saving. Can be planned.

  The raw water tank 44 includes an EC sensor 86 that detects the fertilizer concentration of the nutrient solution and a PH sensor 87 that detects the pH value of the nutrient solution. Based on the detection values of the EC sensor 86 and the PH sensor 87, each main open / close valve is controlled by the main nutrient solution supply controller 88 of the controller so that the nutrient solution mixed in the mixing device 49 has a desired fertilizer concentration and pH value. 45, 46, 47, and 48 are controlled. However, if the main nutrient solution supply controller 88 breaks down, the main open / close valves 45, 46, 47, and 48 cannot be operated, and no nutrient solution can be supplied to each cultivation bed 5, which adversely affects cultivation. Become. Therefore, the control device is provided with a preliminary control panel 89, and when the main nutrient solution supply controller 88 fails, the main control valve 45, 46, 47, 48 can be controlled by the preliminary control panel 89. When switching to the control of the preliminary control panel 89, the main open / close valves 45, 46, 47, and 48 are opened only for a preset time to create a nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution can be simply supplied to each cultivation bed 5. . As a result, the control accuracy of the fertilizer concentration and pH value of the nutrient solution to be supplied is lowered, but it is possible to temporarily prevent the nutrient solution from being supplied to the cultivation bed 5 and to avoid the great damage that causes the plant to die. Can do. If the main nutrient solution supply controller 88 is repaired while the nutrient solution supply control is performed by the preliminary control panel 89 and the main nutrient solution supply controller 88 returns to normal, the nutrient solution by the main nutrient solution supply controller 88 is restored. What is necessary is just to switch to supply control. In the nutrient solution supply control by the preliminary control panel 89, a plurality of preset opening time patterns of the main opening / closing valves 45, 46, 47, 48 are provided, and the patterns are set according to the detection values of the EC sensor and the PH sensor. It is good also as a structure which switches.

  Moreover, the component analyzer which analyzes the fertilizer component (for example, a nitrogen component, a potassium component, a calcium component, a phosphoric acid component, etc.) of the drainage from the cultivation bed 5 is provided, and the drainage liquid measured with the component analyzer by the control device Compared with the fertilizer component and the preset fertilizer component set in advance for cultivation, a large amount of the fertilizer component that is deficient in drainage is supplied from the first tank 41 and the second tank 42, which are nutrient solution tanks, and surplus in the drainage In order to supply a small amount of components, the opening time or opening degree of the main opening / closing valves 45 and 46 is controlled, and a new nutrient solution is prepared by mixing the nutrient solution with the drainage from the nutrient solution tank. Thereby, in spite of using drainage, the nutrient solution stabilized with the desired fertilizer component with high precision can be supplied to the cultivation bed 5. In addition, it is judged that the plant demands a large amount of fertilizer components that are deficient in the drainage, because the plant absorbs a lot. It is judged that the degree is low, and the set fertilizer component may be corrected according to the request of the plant. Thereby, while being able to perform highly accurate nutrient solution supply control according to cultivation conditions, waste of fertilizer can be prevented, and the environmental load by discarding waste liquid with high fertilizer concentration can be reduced.

  The drained liquid from the cultivation bed 5 is first collected in the pre-sterilization tank 97 and supplied from the pre-sterilization tank 97 to the sterilization tank 99 via the pre-sterilization pump 98, and the drained liquid sterilized in the sterilization tank 99 is sterilized. It is supplied to the raw water tank 44 through the rear pump 100. The sterilization tank 99 is disposed outdoors exposed to sunlight, and the sterilization tank 99 is mixed with titanium oxide 101 which is a photocatalyst, and the titanium oxide 101 irradiated with sunlight is strongly oxidized on the surface thereof. Generates force to decompose and sterilize organic matter (bacteria etc.) in the drainage. In order to obtain a good sterilization effect, the inside of the sterilization tank 99 is preferably appropriately stirred. In addition, a filter 102 is provided at the outlet from the sterilization tank 99 to the pump 100 after sterilization, so that titanium oxide is not discharged from the sterilization tank 99 together with the drainage. Further, a solar radiation amount sensor 103 is provided near the sterilization tank 99, and when the integrated value of the solar radiation amount (integrated solar radiation amount) detected by the solar radiation amount sensor 103 reaches a predetermined value, the sterilization is completed by the control device. Then, the pre-sterilization pump 98 and the post-sterilization pump 100 are driven to discharge the effluent from the sterilization tank 99 and supply new effluent from the pre-sterilization tank 97 to the sterilization tank 99. Since a part of the organic matter (bacteria and the like) in the drained liquid decomposed by the titanium oxide 101 becomes carbon dioxide, this carbon dioxide can be supplied into the cultivation room 1 and used for plant photosynthesis. By sterilization with the titanium oxide 101, the cost can be reduced and the maintainability can be improved as compared with the conventional heat sterilization apparatus and ultraviolet sterilization apparatus.

  Explaining the heating equipment of the cultivation room 1, the first heating device 31, which is an oil boiler that heats hot water using the heat of burning oil such as heavy oil or kerosene that is fossil fuel, and other than fossil fuel A second heating device 32, which is a wood pellet boiler that heats hot water using the heat of burning wood pellets and the like, which are compression-molded lumber by-products such as plant residues and sawdust, and the first heating A heating pipe 33 for supplying warm water to the heating apparatus 31 and the second heating apparatus 32, a first supply pipe 35 for supplying warm water heated by the heating pipe 33 to the pump 34, A second supply pipe 36 for supplying hot water to the heating pipe 37 in the greenhouse and a return pipe 38 for returning the hot water from the heating pipe 37 to the heating pipe 33 are provided. Pipe 35, second supply pipe 36, heating pipe 37 and return Constitute a circulation path of the hot water through the 38. In addition, the 1st heating apparatus 31, the 2nd heating apparatus 32, and the heating pipe 33 are arrange | positioned in the management room 25 outside the cultivation room 1, and the 1st heating apparatus 31 and the 2nd heating apparatus 32 heat up. Arranged in series along the pipe 33, the heating pipe 37 is arranged along each sub-passage 9 in the cultivation room 1. Further, a bypass pipe 72 connecting the first supply pipe 35 and the return pipe 38 is provided, and the bypass pipe 72, the first supply pipe 35, the second supply pipe 36, the heating pipe 37 and the return pipe are not passed through the heating pipe 33. The circulation path of the hot water passing through the pipe 38 is configured, and the ratio of the flow rate that joins from the heating pipe 33 side to the connection part of the bypass pipe 72 and the first supply pipe 35 and the ratio of the flow rate that joins from the bypass pipe 72 side. A switching valve (three-way valve) 73 capable of adjusting the flow rate ratio is provided. The second supply pipe 36 is provided with a hot water temperature sensor 75 that detects the temperature of the hot water flowing through the second supply pipe 36. The cultivation room 1 is provided with a room temperature sensor 74 for detecting the room temperature in the cultivation room 1 and a humidity sensor 76 for detecting the humidity in the cultivation room 1. Moreover, the warm air heater (heat pump) 104 which blows out warm air is provided. The hot air heater (heat pump) 104 is operated by electric power.

  The roof of the cultivation room 1 has a configuration in which a large number of ridges 105 inclined in a triangular shape are continuously provided in parallel, and innumerable skylights 30 are arranged vertically and horizontally. The skylight 30 is formed of a square (rectangular) transparent glass, and a plurality of edges (each side of the four sides) on the lower surface side of the skylight 30 are formed with bearing grooves 106 cut out from below. The bearing member 107 is fixed. On the other hand, a rotation fulcrum shaft 108 that fits into the bearing groove 106 is provided on the cultivation room 1 side. Therefore, in one skylight 30, four rotation fulcrum shafts 108 are provided corresponding to the four sides of the skylight 30, and the pair of opposed rotation fulcrum shafts 108 are arranged in parallel in the same direction. Two rotation fulcrum shafts 108 are provided, and the directions of the rotation fulcrum shafts 108 of each set intersect (orthogonal). A regulating device 109 that regulates the rotation fulcrum shaft 108 from coming out of the bearing groove 106 is provided below the bearing member 107. The restricting device 109 is configured to operate a solenoid pin 109a serving as a restricting member protruding from the inlet portion of the bearing groove 106 by a restricting electromagnetic solenoid 109b. Therefore, by projecting the solenoid pin 109a with the pivot fulcrum shaft 108 inserted into the bearing groove 106, the pivot fulcrum shaft 108 positioned above the solenoid pin 109a is prevented from coming out of the bearing groove 106. The bearing member 107 is prevented from moving away from the rotation fulcrum shaft 108 and moving upward. A push-up device 77 that pushes up the skylight 30 from below is provided below the center of the skylight 30. The push-up device 77 is constituted by an electric cylinder, and is configured such that the tip of the cylinder rod 110 comes into contact with the skylight 30 from below and is pushed up when the cylinder rod 110 of the electric cylinder protrudes upward. Therefore, the restriction of the restriction device 109 corresponding to all three rotation fulcrum shafts 108 other than one rotation fulcrum shaft 108 among the plurality (four) of rotation fulcrum shafts 108 is released and pushed up. By operating the device 77, the skylight 30 is rotated upward about the one rotation fulcrum shaft 108. Therefore, among the plurality (four) of restriction devices 109 corresponding to the plurality of (four) rotation fulcrum shafts 108, the restriction device 109 to be restricted is selectively selected and the skylight 30 in different directions (four directions). Can be opened and closed.

  And the wind direction meter 111 which detects the wind direction and wind force in each position in the some position (5 places) on the roof of the cultivation room 1 is provided. On the roof of the cultivation room 1, a rain sensor 90 for detecting the presence or absence of rain and the strength of rain is provided. The control unit (controller) 26 that controls the environment of the cultivation room 1 is disposed in the management room 25 outside the cultivation room 1, and the detected values of the room temperature sensor 74, the humidity sensor 76, each anemometer 111, and the rainfall sensor 90. And an operation signal is output to each regulating device 109 and push-up device 77.

  For example, the target room temperature is calculated and set according to the time zone of the day, such as higher in the daytime and lower in the nighttime, and the target humidity becomes lower as the target temperature is higher corresponding to the set target temperature. Is calculated and set. In addition to the setting method based on the above-mentioned daily time zone, the target temperature and target humidity may be changed based on the cultivation process, season, etc. of the crop, or may be set to a constant setting value by the operator. Or you may. When the detected temperature detected by the room temperature sensor 74 is higher than the target temperature or when the detected humidity detected by the humidity sensor 76 is higher than the target humidity, the skylight control that opens the skylight 30 by operating the push-up device 77. Execute.

  The details of the skylight control will be described. A plurality of skylights 30 arranged vertically and horizontally on the roof of the cultivation room 1 are divided into a plurality of areas, and each wind direction in the vicinity of the anemometer corresponding to the plurality of anemometers 111 is provided. Each wind direction estimation area 113 where the anemometer 111 is not arranged in the vicinity is set between the measured area 112 and the anemometer 111. The opening / closing direction of the skylight 30 is controlled for each of these areas. Note that a plurality (five) of anemometers 111 are arranged at the four corners and the center of the roof, the wind direction measurement areas 112 are provided at five locations of the four corners and the center, and the wind direction estimation area 113 is at the center. It is provided at four locations on the side of the wind direction measurement area 112 and sandwiched between the two wind direction measurement areas 112 in the four corners. Then, in the wind direction actual measurement area 112, based on the wind direction detected by each anemometer 111, only the windward side regulation device 109 in each skylight 30 is activated and the push-up device 77 is activated, so that the leeward side of the skylight 30 open. In the wind direction estimation area 113, the wind direction in the plurality (three places) of wind direction measurement areas 112 adjacent to each other and the vectors based on the wind power are calculated by the detection of the anemometer 111, and the wind direction based on the combined vector obtained by combining these vectors. Based on the above, only the upwind regulating device 109 in each skylight 30 is operated and the push-up device 77 is operated to open the leeward side of the skylight 30. That is, in the wind direction estimation area 113, if the wind direction in all adjacent (three) wind direction measurement areas 112 is the same direction, the sky window 30 opens and closes in the same direction as the opening and closing direction of the sky window 30 in the adjacent wind direction measurement area 112. . Further, if the wind direction is different in the adjacent wind direction measurement area 112 due to the local wind flow, the wind direction is estimated by the above-described combined vector, and the opening / closing direction of the skylight 30 is appropriately controlled. In addition, the vector mentioned above represents a wind direction with a direction, and represents a wind force with length.

  Further, the push-up devices 77 of all skylights 30 are increased so that the opening degree of the skylight 30 increases proportionally as the difference between the target temperature and the temperature detected by the room temperature sensor 74 or the difference between the target humidity and the humidity detected by the humidity sensor 76 increases. Is controlled (the amount of opening and closing of the skylight 30).

  Note that when the wind power is large based on the actually measured or estimated wind power, the operation amount of the push-up device 77 (the opening / closing amount of the skylight 30) may be corrected so that the opening amount of the skylight 30 becomes small. Further, when the wind direction is different from the adjacent area and the opening / closing direction of the skylight 30 is different, the operation amount of the push-up device 77 (the opening / closing amount of the skylight 30) is corrected so that the opening amount of the skylight 30 is reduced. Good. Thereby, when there is a great risk of damage to the skylight 30 due to wind, such as when the wind force is large or the local wind direction is severely changed, the opening amount of the skylight 30 is made as small as possible to prevent the skylight 30 from being damaged. be able to.

  In addition, although the structure which controls the opening / closing direction and the opening / closing amount of the skylight 30 for every area was demonstrated in the above, the fuzzy control which sets and controls the opening / closing direction or the opening / closing amount for each skylight 30 based on a wind direction and wind power. May be used. More specifically, when the opening / closing direction of the skylight 30 is different in the adjacent area, the opening / closing amount of the skylight near the boundary between the two areas is set to be small, or when the wind force is different in both areas, It is conceivable to give priority to the wind direction of the area and to perform control such that the skylight 30 that is controlled to open and close based on the wind direction is increased over the other area side beyond the boundary between both areas according to the difference in wind power.

  Note that when the rain sensor 90 detects rain, the maximum opening of the skylight 30 in the skylight control is regulated. As the intensity of rainfall is stronger, the maximum opening is set smaller. If the rainfall is stronger than a predetermined level, the maximum opening is zero and the skylight 30 is not opened. The rain sensor 90 can detect the intensity of rainfall by detecting the amount of rainfall per unit time or by detecting the impact of rainfall. Thereby, while setting it as the structure which controls the environment in the cultivation room 1 favorably by skylight control, it can prevent appropriately environment, such as temperature and humidity in the cultivation room 1, by the rain which enters from the skylight 30 significantly. Note that the maximum opening degree of the skylight 30 may be regulated according to the wind force by increasing the maximum opening degree when the wind force is large and decreasing the maximum opening degree when the wind force is small.

The control unit (controller) 26 operates the hot air heater (heat pump) 104 when the detected room temperature detected by the room temperature sensor 74 is lower than the first set room temperature.
In addition, the control unit (controller) 26 inputs a detection value of the hot water temperature sensor 75 and outputs an operation signal to the first warming device 31, the second warming device 32, the pump 34, and the switching valve 73. When the detected room temperature detected by the room temperature sensor 74 is lower than the second set room temperature, the target temperature of the hot water flowing through the second supply pipe 36 is calculated based on the second set room temperature. The second set room temperature is set lower than the first set room temperature. It should be noted that as the second set room temperature increases, a linear function (based on an arithmetic expression in which the change rate of the target temperature with respect to a constant change amount of the second set room temperature is the same regardless of the second set room temperature). ) The target temperature is set high. Further, when the detected temperature of the hot water detected by the hot water temperature sensor 75 is lower than the target temperature, the heating pipe 33 side is linearly proportional to the difference between the detected temperature and the target temperature (in proportion to the difference). The set flow rate ratio from the heating tube 33 side is calculated and set so that the ratio of the flow rate to be merged from is increased. Accordingly, when the detected room temperature detected by the room temperature sensor 74 is lower than the second set room temperature and the detected temperature of the hot water is lower than the target temperature, the larger the difference between the detected temperature and the target temperature, the greater the temperature from the heating tube 33 side. The switching valve 73 is operated based on the set flow rate ratio from the heating tube 33 side that is set so that the flow rate of the merged flow increases. Further, when the set flow rate ratio from the heating tube 33 side is equal to or less than a first predetermined ratio (0%) set in advance, both the first heating device 31 and the second heating device 32 are operated for combustion. Stop. Note that when the hot air heater (heat pump) 104 is continuously operated for a predetermined time (for example, 10 minutes) by the control unit 26, the combustion operation of the first heating device 31 and the second heating device 32 is not performed for the first time. Is started. When the hot air heater (heat pump) 104 is stopped, the first heating device 31 and the second heating device 32 are also stopped. When the detected room temperature detected by the room temperature sensor 74 is lower than the second set room temperature and the detected temperature of the hot water is lower than the target temperature, a set flow rate ratio from the heating tube 33 side is preset. When the ratio exceeds (0%) and is less than the second predetermined ratio (100%) set in advance, only the second heating device 32 is burned and the combustion operation of the first heating device 31 is stopped. Let When the detected room temperature detected by the room temperature sensor 74 is lower than the second set room temperature and the detected temperature of the hot water is lower than the target temperature, the set flow rate ratio from the heating pipe 33 side is preset. When the ratio (100%) or more is reached, both the first warming device 31 and the second warming device 32 are operated for combustion. In addition, the ratio mentioned above is a ratio of the flow volume from the heating pipe | tube 33 side with respect to the combined flow volume which flows through the 2nd supply pipe | tube 36. FIG. The pump 34 is always operated regardless of the detected room temperature detected by the room temperature sensor 74 and the detected temperature of the hot water detected by the hot water temperature sensor 75.

  Accordingly, when the temperature of the hot water flowing through the second supply pipe 36 is increased and the difference between the detected temperature of the hot water and the target temperature of the hot water is reduced, the switching valve 73 is activated and the flow rate of the flow that joins from the heating pipe 33 side is increased. As the ratio decreases, the ratio of the flow rate joining from the bypass pipe 72 side increases, and the hot water heated by the first heating device 31 or the second heating device 32 is supplied to the second supply pipe 36 and thus the heating pipe 37. Energy consumption can be reduced by suppressing the amount of supply and avoiding wasteful consumption of heat. When the temperature of the hot water flowing through the second supply pipe 36 is lowered and the difference between the detected temperature of the hot water and the target temperature of the hot water is increased, the ratio of the flow rate at which the switching valve 73 is actuated to join from the heating pipe 33 side is increased. As the flow rate increases, the proportion of the flow rate that flows from the bypass pipe 72 side decreases, and a large amount of hot water heated by the first heating device 31 or the second heating device 32 is supplied to the second supply pipe 36 and thus to the heating pipe 37. As a result, the cultivation room (greenhouse) 1 can be efficiently heated. Further, when the set flow rate ratio from the heating pipe 33 side is set to be smaller than the second predetermined ratio, only the second heating device 32 is operated for combustion and the combustion operation of the first heating device 31 is stopped. Energy consumption can be reduced by reducing the consumption of fossil fuels, which are limited resources. And when the set flow rate ratio from the heating pipe 33 side is set to be larger than a predetermined ratio, both the first heating device 31 and the second heating device 32 are combusted to increase the heating amount of the hot water. The cultivation room (greenhouse) 1 can be efficiently heated. Note that if the detected humidity detected by the humidity sensor 76 becomes higher than the target humidity and the skylight 30 is opened, the room temperature in the cultivation room 1 is lowered, but this is detected by the room temperature sensor 74 rather than the second set room temperature. If the detected room temperature is low and the detected temperature of the hot water is lower than the target temperature, heating control is performed as described above.

Therefore, it is possible to efficiently heat the greenhouse using a heating device that heats the fuel other than fossil fuels (waste, byproducts, etc.) burned, and to save energy.
Moreover, only when the inside of the cultivation room 1 is below the second set room temperature, which is lower than the first set room temperature, and the warm air heater (heat pump) 104 is continuously operated for a predetermined time (for example, 10 minutes) or more. Since the first warming device 31 and the second warming device 32 are operated for combustion, when the warm air heater (heat pump) 104 can cover the heating, the first warming device 31 and the second warming device 32 are silently set. It can be operated so that fuel (especially oil) is not consumed unnecessarily, and energy can be saved.

  In addition, you may run an auxiliary | assistant heater on the rail for a driving | running | working of the sub channel | path 9 (heating pipe 37). The auxiliary heater has an electric heat pump and travels while blowing hot air to the side. And when temperature sensors are provided at a plurality of locations in the cultivation room 1 and the temperature in the cultivation room 1 is uneven, only the low temperature portion (local) is heated with an auxiliary heater, The temperature can be made uniform and cultivation can be made uniform. In addition, what is necessary is just to set it as the structure which makes an auxiliary heater drive | work automatically based on the detection signal from a several temperature sensor, and heats a local automatically.

  Moreover, in the cultivation room 1, the fine fog cooling apparatus which sprays fog and performs fine fog cooling is provided. This fine fog cooling device cools by alternately spraying fine fog and stopping the spray, and is configured to operate when the detected room temperature is higher than the target room temperature. As the difference between the detected room temperature and the target room temperature is larger, the spraying time for spraying and the pause time for stopping spraying are set longer. For example, when the target room temperature is 20 degrees, the fine fog cooling device does not operate if the detected room temperature is less than 25 degrees, but if the detected room temperature is 25 degrees or more and less than 30 degrees, the spray time is 50 seconds and the rest time is 250. If the detection room temperature is 30 degrees or more and less than 35 degrees, the spraying time is set to 60 seconds, the pause time is set to 300 seconds, and if the detection room temperature is 35 degrees or more, the spray time is set to 80 seconds. Set to 350 seconds and perform fine fog cooling. Thereby, when the inside of the cultivation room 1 is high temperature and the necessity degree of fine fog cooling is high, lengthening spraying time and aiming at the fall of room temperature, lengthening rest time and also suppressing excessive humidity in the cultivation room 1 and humidity It is possible to prevent a decrease in the assimilation effect of plants and the occurrence of diseases due to excess.

  Note that the spray time may be corrected so that the spray time becomes shorter as the detected humidity is higher in accordance with the humidity detected by the humidity sensor 76. For example, if the detected humidity is equal to or higher than a predetermined value (70%), fine fog cooling is not performed regardless of the detected room temperature, and if the detected humidity is less than 40%, the maximum spray time is set to 90 seconds. Is 40% or more and less than 50%, the maximum value of the spraying time is set to 80 seconds, and if the detected humidity is 50% or more and less than 60%, the maximum value of the spraying time is set to 70 seconds, and the detected humidity is 60 If it is not less than 70% and less than 70%, the maximum spray time can be set to 60 seconds, and fine fog cooling can be performed. Thereby, excessive humidity in the cultivation room 1 can also be suppressed.

  In addition, particularly in summer, cooling water such as ground water is allowed to flow through the heating pipe 37 to achieve a cooling effect by the heating pipe 37 and to condense on the outer peripheral surface of the heating pipe 37 to obtain a dehumidifying effect. Thereby, in the cultivation room 1 which became high humidity by the fine fog cooling apparatus, it can dehumidify without performing ventilation by opening the skylight 30, etc., and the density | concentration of the carbon dioxide in the cultivation room 1 which is not ventilated is maintained at a high density | concentration. And can enhance plant photosynthesis. In particular, if groundwater is used as cooling water, a heating device (chiller) for producing cooling water is not necessary, and energy saving and cost reduction can be achieved. In the cultivation room 1, it is desirable to provide a circulation fan that circulates the air in the cultivation room 1 in order to obtain a cooling effect and a dehumidifying effect and to make the carbon dioxide concentration uniform.

  In addition, a basement is provided below the cultivation room 1, a large number of water pipes are provided in the basement, a ground circulation fan that circulates air between the basement and the cultivation room 1 is provided while flowing ground water to the water pipe, The air in the cultivation room 1 can be sequentially supplied to the basement and returned to the cultivation room 1 from the basement. Thereby, in the basement, the air from the cultivation room 1 can be cooled and dehumidified by the flowing water pipe, and the cultivation room 1 can be cooled and dehumidified. In particular, in this embodiment, since the basement is not irradiated with sunlight, an increase in the temperature of the water pipe is suppressed, and dehumidification is performed in the basement whose room temperature is lower than that in the cultivation room 1, so that the dehumidifying effect is enhanced. In addition, it is good also as a structure which supplies groundwater as raw | natural water to the nutrient solution supply apparatus 7 through the said water flow pipe. In addition, it is good also as a structure which replaces with the structure which flows groundwater to the above-mentioned flowing water pipe, and circulates by flowing the cold water in the raw | natural water tank 44 of the nutrient solution supply apparatus 7 to a flowing water pipe. At this time, since the raw water tank 44 is disposed outside the cultivation room 1, it is possible to prevent the temperature of the cold water in the raw water tank 44 from rising due to the high-temperature air in the cultivation room 1, and maintain the cooling effect and the dehumidifying effect. it can. Furthermore, the temperature rise of cold water can be prevented by providing a passage of cold water from the raw water tank 44 outside the cultivation room 1 to the basement.

  The above-mentioned cultivation bed 5 is configured to be supported on the ground by a gantry, but may be configured to suspend and support the cultivation bed 5 from above in the cultivation room 1 via a suspension support member 114. At this time, since there is no frame, a space communicating with the main passage 4 and the sub-passage 9 is formed below the cultivation bed 5, but a reflector 115 is provided over the space and the passage (on the sub-passage 9). be able to. The reflectors 115 are provided on the left and right of the cultivation bed 5, and the cultivation bed 5 side is closer to the cultivation path 5 than the sub passage 9 side in order to reflect the sunlight irradiated on the cultivation path 5 and the like onto the cultivation bed 5 on the upper side. It is arranged in an inclined posture that becomes a low level. The outer portion 116 of the reflecting plate 115 on the sub-passage 9 side is attached to the inner portion 117 of the reflecting plate 115 so as to be rotatable in the left-right direction around the reflecting plate rotation shaft 118. Therefore, if the outer side part 116 of the reflecting plate 115 is turned to the left and right inner side (the cultivation bed 5 side) and folded, the work moving vehicle 3 or the control work vehicle can be operated on the sub-passage 9. it can. The reflection plate 115 can supply reflected light to the lower leaves of the plant that are not easily exposed to direct sunlight, and can promote the photosynthesis of the plant to increase the yield of the harvest. The reflector 115 may have a configuration in which a reflective film is attached to the surface.

  In addition, although the stem receiving member 119 integral with this cultivation bed 5 is provided in the side of the cultivation bed 5, the stem receiving member 119 can receive the plant stem extended in the same direction as the attracting wire 80 (cultivation bed 5). Instead of the configuration in which the reflection plate 115 is provided below the cultivation bed 5 described above, the reflection plate 115 may be provided integrally with the stem receiving member 119 on the side of the cultivation bed 5. If the outer side part 116 of the reflecting plate 115 is made horizontal, it becomes difficult for the reflected light to be supplied onto the cultivation bed 5, and it is possible to avoid an increase in the temperature of the plant such as in summer. Moreover, a fine fog cooling device, a heating device, etc. can be arrange | positioned in the space under the cultivation bed 5, and the said space can be used effectively.

  Moreover, the suspension support member 114 is provided with a suspension wire, the cultivation bed 5 is supported by the left and right suspension wires, and one end of the fixed wire 120 serving as one of the left and right suspension wires. Is fixed to a fixed pipe 120 provided on the ceiling portion of the cultivation room 1, and a pulling wire 121, which is the other hanging wire, is attached to the pulling device 122 so that it can be pulled up. Therefore, by pulling up the pulling wire 121 with the pulling device 122, the cultivation bed 5 moves to the left and right while pulling up. The fixed wires 120 and the pull-up wires 121 are alternately arranged in the arrangement direction (left-right direction) of the cultivation bed 5, that is, the fixed wires 120 and the pull-up wires 121 are arranged opposite to each other between the adjacent cultivation beds 5. Between the cultivation beds 5 facing the pulling wires 121 of the cultivation beds 5 and between the cultivation beds 5 facing the fixed wires 120 of the cultivation beds 5 are alternately arranged. A fixed pipe 123 is disposed above the cultivation bed 5 opposed to the fixed wire 120, and a wire winding shaft 124 of the lifting device 122 is disposed above the cultivation bed 5 opposed to the lifting wire 121. In the pulling device 122, the pulling rack 126 slides in the left-right direction by driving the pulling motor 125, rotates the wire take-up shaft 124 via a pinion that meshes with the pulling rack 126, and pulls up oppositely. Both the wires 121 are configured to rise (pick up) or descend (stretch). Thereby, when raising the pulling wire 121, the cultivation bed 5 is low and close to the fixed wire 120 side, and a wide work space is formed on the cultivation bed 5 side on the pulling wire 121 side. From the work space side, operations such as shoot cutting, leaf cutting or harvesting can be performed on the plant in the cultivation bed 5. When the pull-up wire 121 is raised, the cultivation bed 5 is closer to the pull-up wire 121 side at the upper position, and a wide work space is formed on the side of the cultivation bed 5 on the fixed wire 120 side. Work such as shoot cutting, leaf cutting or harvesting can be performed on the plant in the cultivation bed 5 from the side. Therefore, the pulling wire 121 can be used to switch between the left and right sides of the cultivation bed 5 as the work space, and the work can be performed from either the left or right side with respect to the same cultivation bed 5. become. Moreover, the height of the same cultivation bed 5 can be changed to the height which is easy to work with the pulling wire 121 according to an operator's height.

  In addition, the seedling raising of the seedling transplanted to the cultivation bed 5 formed with the rock wool in order to cultivate the plant can be raised with the rock wool similarly to the cultivation, but by the seedling tray 127 provided with a plurality of cells provided vertically and horizontally. You may raise seedlings. The seedling tray 127 is configured to grow seedlings one by one in the cell. Raising seedlings in the seedling tray 127 is performed by sowing a predetermined number of grains in a cell by a seeding device 128. The seeding device 128 is provided on a transport conveyor 129 that transports the seedling tray 127, and includes a storage tray 130 that stores seeds and a seeding drum 132 that adsorbs and transports seeds 131. The conveyor 129 is driven by a conveyor motor, and the seeding drum 132 is rotated by the seeding motor. The seeding drum 132 rotates in conjunction with the transport operation of the conveyor 129. Suction holes 132a are provided on the outer periphery of the seeding drum 132 at predetermined intervals. The suction holes 132a sequentially reach the position of the storage tray 130 by the rotation of the seeding drum 132, and seeds on the storage tray 130 are collected one by one. Adsorbed sequentially with air. When the suction hole 132a reaches the lower end position of the seeding drum 132 by the rotation of the seeding drum 132, the suction hole 132a releases the suction, drops the seed 131, and seeds the seeds one by one in the cell at the seeding position. is there. When the operator operates the operation preparation switch when starting the sowing operation, the conveying conveyor 129 is driven until the first row of cells in the seedling tray 127 reaches the sowing position, and the suction hole 132a for adsorbing the first seed. Until the sowing drum 132 is positioned immediately before the lower end position of the sowing drum 132. And by operation of a sowing operation start switch, the conveyance conveyor 129 and the sowing drum 132 start driving continuously, and sowing work is started. When the seeding operation is finished, when the operation end switch is operated, the rotation of the seeding drum 132 stops and the seeding is stopped. The conveyor 129 stops after a predetermined time, and then the seeding drum 132 is in a normal forward rotation. The rotation in the reverse direction is started at a speed much slower than the speed of the speed. The rotation in the reverse direction is rotated until the suction hole 132a at the lower end position of the seeding drum 132 when the seeding is stopped reaches the receiving surface of the storage tray 130 (240 degrees in the embodiment). Thereby, the seed 131 in a state of being adsorbed in the adsorption hole 132a when sowing is stopped can be hooked on the receiving surface of the storage tray 130 and collected in the storage tray 130, and the waste of the seed 131 is prevented. Since the seed 131 is collected by rotating the seeding drum 132 at an extremely low speed, the seed 131 is hardly damaged when the seed 131 is hooked on the receiving surface of the storage tray 130, and the seed 131 is close to the storage tray 130. It can prevent jumping.

  In addition, the guide plate mounted in the upper surface of a seedling tray is provided, and the height of the seedling raising device which consists of this guide plate and a seedling tray can be made high with this guide plate. The guide plate includes cell forming portions that are connected to the cells of the seedling tray vertically and horizontally, and can increase the cell capacity of the seedling raising device to increase the seedling floor. Thereby, when taking out seedlings from the cell, the seedling floor is less likely to collapse, and the seedlings can be easily taken out one by one in a seedling transplanting machine for transplanting seedlings in the field. Furthermore, if the guide plate is removed after raising seedlings, the upper part of the seedling floor part protrudes to the upper side of the seedling tray.Therefore, a picking nail is inserted into this protruding part from the side or the picking nail is inserted into the protruding part. It becomes easy to pinch and further facilitates the removal of seedlings. In order to set the size of the seedling floor as desired, the height of the seedling tray may be set low in consideration of the size of the guide plate.

  In addition, seedlings can be grown in a mat shape using a seedling box without using a seedling tray. At this time, in order to make it easier to separate the mat-like seedlings one by one, a mat-like non-woven fabric with a cut for each stock size is laid in a seedling box in advance, and floor soil is stuffed on it to form a mat. Should be raised. In addition, a protrusion that matches the position of the seedling for each strain is provided on the bottom surface of the seedling box, a hole that matches the protrusion is provided in the mat-like nonwoven fabric, and the surface of the seedling transfer belt that transfers the seedling in the seedling transplanter If the belt protrusion is configured to match the hole, the seedling can be properly transferred while preventing the mat-like seedling from shrinking due to the seedling transfer of the seedling transfer belt.

  In addition, when raising paddy rice seedlings, the effect which raises the vitality of the root by humic acid will be acquired when humic acid material (Amin) etc. is mix | blended with the seedling culture medium 0.5 to 5%, and it can grow a healthy seedling. Thereby, in the sparse planting cultivation in which the transplanted strains are widened in the field, the cultivation of each strain can be ensured and the yield can be reliably obtained. In addition, if a dwarfing agent (such as uniconazole) as a lodging reducing agent is added to the seedling culture soil, the seedling length can be reduced and healthy seedlings can be grown. In addition, it is desirable to add 0.05-0.5 mg of mashing agent as a component amount per 20 kg of seedling culture soil.

  By the way, when raising tobacco seedlings, it is possible to raise the seedlings by pool raising without temporary planting. Thereby, since the seedling can be formed small, a large planting tool found in a conventional tobacco transplanting machine is unnecessary, and transplanting can be performed with other crop seedling transplanting machines such as vegetables, thereby increasing the versatility of the transplanting machine. In the pool seedling raising, it is good to use a seedling tray made of styrene foam having a low foaming degree of about 20 times or less. Low foaming makes it difficult for roots to enter expanded polystyrene, making it easier to take out seedlings, allowing multiple use, and preventing seedling trays from floating on the surface of pool seedlings for better nutrient absorption. Become. The seedling culture soil may be a soil having a temporary specific gravity of 0.4 to 0.8 and a specific gravity of 1.2 or less even in the state of containing moisture. Further, root rot can be prevented by mixing 10-20% of pumice with the seedling culture soil. Also, in the seedling culture soil, if the porous ratio such as pumice and pearlite is mixed by 50% or more by volume, and the other less than 50% is made of fiber such as coconut husk and peat moss, the rooting will be good and the fertilizer Since the retention (fertilizer retention) decreases, it becomes easy to control the plant shape (shape of seedling) of the seedling with fertilizer water. Also, normal seedling is performed in the first half of the seedling process, pool seedling is grown in the second half of the seedling process, and if the seedling tray is floated with this pool seedling (with the bottom of the seedling tray not in contact with the bottom of the pool), In the first half of the seedling process, the roots can be elongated, and in the second half of the seedling process, the seedlings can be slightly raised to stand upright. It should be noted that after seeding and germination, pool seedlings may be grown until the number of true leaves changes from about 3 to about 7-8. If the number of true leaves reaches about 7-8, seedlings are transplanted to the field. In addition, if the water in the pool is changed to fertilizer water in which the fertilizer is diluted about 2000 times in the latter half of the seedling raising process, the growth of the seedling can be promoted. In addition, when pool seedlings are grown after germination, the water in the pool is used as fertilizer water with an increased nitrogen component so that the internodes of the seedlings can be easily stretched until the number of the leaves is about 4 after germination. After about 4 sheets, in order to make the seedlings strong, the water in the pool should be changed to fertilizer water with increased phosphate and calcium components, and the form of the fertilizer can be changed during the seedling process.

  In addition, if air (oxygen) is regularly supplied into the pool in the pool seedlings, the roots are easily extended and the seedling floor can be made strong. In order to supply air (oxygen) into the pool, an air pipe having an air ejection hole may be disposed below the seedling tray in the pool, and air (oxygen) may be supplied to the air pipe. There is also a method of draining water in the pool periodically in the pool seedling so that oxygen is easily supplied to the roots. When raising seedlings while running water, water in the pool can be drained by temporarily stopping the supply of water to the pool.

  Moreover, in pool seedlings, air can be blown out above the seedling tray (above the pool) to prevent seedling length. An air pipe having an air ejection hole may be provided above the seedling tray, and air may be constantly ejected downward toward the seedling. Thereby, the overhumidity of the seedling by a pool seedling can be reduced and the length of a seedling can be prevented. If the air pipe is a self-propelled type that moves in the lateral direction, air can be appropriately ejected over the entire area above the pool (seedling tray). In addition, instead of air blowing, seedling length may be prevented by a brush that makes light contact with the seedling. Similarly to the above, if it is a self-propelled type that moves the brush in the direction, it is possible to appropriately obtain an effect of preventing a length increase over the entire area above the pool (seedling tray).

  1: cultivation room (greenhouse), 26: control unit (controller), 30: skylight, 77: push-up device, 106: bearing groove, 108: rotation fulcrum shaft, 109: regulating device, 111: anemometer

Claims (8)

  A plurality of pivot fulcrum shafts (108) for rotating the same skylight (30) to open and close are provided, and the pivot fulcrum shaft (108) serving as the pivot center is alternatively selected and the skylight ( 30) A cultivation facility that can be opened and closed.   The cultivation facility according to claim 1, wherein the directions of the plurality of pivot fulcrum shafts (108) intersect each other.   The cultivation facility according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of pivot fulcrum shafts (108) are arranged in parallel in the same direction.   The cultivation facility according to claim 1, wherein two pairs of rotation fulcrum shafts (108) arranged in parallel in the same direction are provided, and the directions of the rotation fulcrum shafts (108) of each pair intersect. .   The skylight (30) is provided with respective bearing grooves (106) into which a plurality of pivot fulcrum shafts (108) enter from below, and the pivot fulcrum shaft (108) can be removed from the bearing grooves (106). A regulating device (109) for regulating is provided in correspondence with each rotation fulcrum shaft (108), and a push-up device (77) for pushing up the skylight (30) from the lower side is provided, except for one rotation fulcrum shaft (108). All the restrictions of the restriction device (109) corresponding to all the rotation fulcrum shafts (108) are released and the push-up device (77) is operated, so that the skylight ( The cultivation facility according to claim 1, wherein 30) is rotated.   The cultivation facility according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of skylights (30) are provided and can be opened and closed in different directions for each skylight (30).   An anemometer (111) for detecting the wind direction is provided at a plurality of positions on the roof, and control is performed to open the leeward side of the skylight (30) near the anemometer corresponding to each of the plurality of anemometers (111). The cultivation facility according to claim 6, wherein a control unit (26) is provided.   A wind direction at a position where the anemometer (111) is not arranged is estimated based on detection of a plurality of anemometers (111), and a position where the anemometer (111) is not arranged based on the estimated wind direction. The cultivation facility according to claim 7, further comprising a control unit (26) for performing control for opening a leeward side of a certain skylight (30).

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