JP2012242099A - Method and system for measuring grain size of partitioned granular material - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and system for accurately measuring grain size of partitioned granular material including a granular member having a large particle diameter, in a short time.SOLUTION: Granular material S composed of mixed granular members s having different particle diameters d are partitioned into a plurality of groups. Each of the partitioned granular member groups Sj is spread out to be taken a picture Gj. Area e, particle diameter d, and projection area Ej of the entire granular members are detected from the contour of each granular member s, for each spread-out picture Gj. The accumulated passage rate Pj(di) for a predetermined particle diameter di is calculated from the particle diameter d of each granular member s for each the picture Gj. The accumulated passage rate Pj(di) for the predetermined particle diameter di of the granular material S prior to the partition is measured based on the averaged area (=(ΣPj(di)*Ej)/ΣEj) of the accumulated passage rate Pj(di) across the entire pictures for the predetermined particle diameter di weighted by the projection area Ej for each spread-out picture Gj. Preferably each of the partitioned granular member groups Sj is spread out so as to have a constant surface density or constant thickness, into a rectangular area having a side length one to three times the maximum particle diameter of the granular members in the granular material S.

Description

  The present invention relates to a divided particle size measurement method and system for granular materials, and more particularly to a method and system for measuring particle sizes before division after dividing a granular material in which granular materials having different particle sizes are mixed.

  When constructing civil engineering structures such as dams, embankments, road bodies, roadbeds, roadbeds, concrete, pavements, planting bases, etc. In some cases, a method using a ground material procured on the ground, a rough material obtained by crushing raw stone with a crushing device, or other granular material S (a civil engineering material in which granular materials having different particle diameters are mixed) is employed (for example, non- CSG (Cemented Sand and Gravel) method of Patent Document 1). In such a construction method using the granular material S (CSG construction method, etc.), from the viewpoint of material rationalization, water and cement are mixed with the procured granular material S (CSG material) to obtain a civil engineering structure material (CSG) as it is. In many cases, it is necessary to confirm and manage whether or not the particle size of the granular material S is within a specified range in order to ensure the quality (particularly strength) of the structure.

  FIG. 13 shows an example of a strength management method for civil engineering structures constructed by the CSG method (see rhombus theory, Non-Patent Document 1). First, a number of particle size tests are conducted on the particle size of the granular material S (CSG material), and the sample Tr having the coarsest particle size (the sample having the largest content of the large-diameter granular material. Hereinafter, sometimes referred to as the most coarse particle sample) A sample Ts having the finest particle size (a sample having the largest content of small-diameter granular material, hereinafter may be referred to as the finest particle sample) is selected. Next, a strength test is performed on the CSG using the granular material S within the range of the coarsest grain sample Tr and the finest grain sample Ts while changing the unit water amount, and a lower limit value that is insufficient in strength and an upper limit value that is unsuitable for construction are obtained. To detect. In addition, when the CSG is manufactured or placed, the particle size and unit water amount of the CSG are determined according to the particle size-strength curve (dotted line in the figure) of the coarsest specimen Tr and the particle size-intensity curve of the finest specimen Ts (solid line in the figure). ) And two vertical lines indicating the permissible unit water amount range, and manage them so that they are within the specified range of “diamonds” (shaded area). The lowest strength within the specified range of the rhombus in the illustrated example is referred to as CSG strength. By using CSG within the range of the rhombus, strength higher than the CSG strength can be secured in the structure.

  In general, the particle size of the granular material S is such that the particle diameter d of each mixed granular material is the horizontal axis (logarithmic axis), and the mass percentage P (d) (the particle diameter d As shown in FIG. 12, a semi-logarithmic graph with the vertical axis (linear axis) as the total mass of the granular material having a diameter smaller than that of the granular material / the total mass of the entire granular material x 100. Represented by a simple particle size accumulation curve P (d). Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 12, the particle size accumulation curve Pr (d) of the coarsest sample Tr of the granular material S and the particle size accumulation curve Ps (d) of the finest sample Ts are obtained in advance and continued. The particle size accumulation curve P (d) of the granular material S to be supplied is within a range (specified range) surrounded by the particle size accumulation curve Pr (d) and the particle size accumulation curve Ps (d). If it is confirmed whether or not there is, quality control with granularity based on the rhombus theory of FIG. 13 can be realized.

  However, in order to create the particle size accumulation curve P of the granular material S in which granular materials of various particle sizes d are mixed, for example, in civil engineering work such as dams, several hundred to several thousand kg per time It is necessary to screen a large amount of granular material S many times and to obtain a passing rate (passing mass) for each screen (each screen size). Therefore, there is a problem that requires a lot of labor and time. In the quality control of the CSG method, it is desirable to check the granularity of the granular material S used at the beginning of the construction as frequently as possible (for example, once per hour) (see Non-Patent Document 1). Since repeating the sieving work that requires a great amount of labor and time is also a problem in the progress of civil engineering work, development of a technique that can easily measure the particle size of the granular material S is desired.

  On the other hand, the present inventors developed a system for obtaining the particle size of the granular material S by using an image analysis technique by a computer and disclosed it in Patent Documents 1 and 2. Conventionally, a method is known in which the contour of each granular material in the granular material S is specified by computer image analysis, and the shape of each granular material is modeled from the contour to create a particle size distribution curve (Patent Document 3). And 4). However, the conventional image analysis method only obtains the particle size distribution of the granular material in the range where the contour can be detected in the granular material S, and there is a problem that the ratio of the granular material whose contour is not detected to the whole material cannot be obtained. . In order to manage the particle size of the granular material S in the above-described CSG method, the cumulative passage rate P (d) is obtained as a ratio with respect to the entire particle size d in the granular material S, and the particle size accumulation curve P (d However, the granular material S used in, for example, rock fill dams has a wide particle size distribution range in which the maximum particle size (1 m or more) reaches 10,000 times the minimum particle size (0.1 mm or less). Therefore, it has been difficult to create a particle size accumulation curve P (d) of such a granular material S having a very wide particle size distribution width by a conventional image analysis method.

  FIG. 9 shows an example of a particle size measurement system for the granular material S disclosed in Patent Document 1. The system in the illustrated example includes a measuring device 9 for measuring the volume V of the granular material S collected at a predetermined sampling site (natural ground or formation) 1 or the crushing device 2, and thinly pulverizing the granular material S after volume measurement. The image pickup device 5 for picking up the image G (see FIG. 10 (A)) and the particle size accumulation curve P (d ≦ D) of the fine granular material having a particle size less than the predetermined particle size D obtained in advance from the sample T of the granular material S Is stored as a function U, R of the accumulation passage rate P (D) of the fine granular material in the sample T. Further, the computer 10 has an image analysis means 31 for detecting the outline (see FIGS. 10B and 10C) of a large-diameter granular material having a predetermined particle diameter D or more from the rolled-out image G of the granular material S by the imaging device 5. And a creation means 37 for calculating the volume v of each large-diameter granular material from the detected value of the contour to create a particle size accumulation curve P (d ≧ D), and the total volume Σv of the large-diameter granular material v From the measured value of the total volume V of the granular material S, the cumulative passage rate P (D) (= V−Σv) of the fine granular material in the granular material S is calculated and from the cumulative passage rate P (D). The estimation means 38 for estimating the particle size accumulation curve P (d ≦ D) of the fine granular material by the functions U and R, the particle size accumulation curve P (d ≧ D) created by the creation means 37 and the estimation means 38 A synthesizing means 39 (see FIG. 11) for synthesizing the estimated particle size accumulation curve P (d ≦ D) is provided.

  According to the particle size measurement system of FIG. 9, the particle size accumulation curve P (d) of the fine granular material whose contour cannot be detected from the particle size accumulation curve P (d ≧ D) of the large granular material whose contour can be detected by image analysis. ≦ D) and synthesizing both to obtain a particle size accumulation curve P (d) of the granular material S as shown in FIG. 11, so that the granular material S having a very wide particle size distribution width as described above. The particle size accumulation curve P (d) can be quickly and easily created by image analysis. And since the particle size accumulation curve P (d) can be created quickly, for example, in the CSG method, the frequency of the particle size control of the granular material S is greatly increased, and the quality control of the civil engineering structure constructed by the CSG method is improved. Can be achieved.

JP 2009-036533 A JP 2010-249553 A JP 2003-010726 A JP 2006-078234 A

Edited by the Study Group for the preparation of trapezoidal CSG dam construction and quality control technical materials, "Taraki CSG dam construction and quality control technical data", issued by the Dam Technology Center, September 2007

  However, the particle size measurement system of FIG. 9 can quickly and easily create a particle size accumulation curve P (d) of a granular material S containing a fine granular material and having a wide particle size distribution range by image analysis processing. Although the labor and time required to create the particle size accumulation curve P (d) can be greatly reduced compared to the sieving method, the civil engineering work such as the CSG method mentioned above has a large amount of several hundred to several thousand kg. Since it is necessary to measure the particle size of the granular material S, a great amount of labor and time are still required for the preparation work (the drawing work or the tidying work) for photographing the rolled image G (see FIG. 10A). There is a problem. That is, in order to photograph the rolled-out image G of the granular material S in FIG. 9, a predetermined thickness (for example, a thickness equal to or smaller than the predetermined particle diameter D) that can detect the outline of the large-diameter granular material having the predetermined particle diameter D or larger. The granular material S needs to be sprinkled (see FIG. 5 (A)), but as the amount of the granular material S increases, the sprinkling area (A × B) also increases, so labor and time for the sprinkling work In addition, the installation height h of the imaging device 5 (distance h from the surface of the granular material S to the imaging device 5≈ (A / 2) / tan (θ / 2) so that the entire protruding area is reflected. However, since A≈B and θ are the angles of view of the image pickup apparatus, it is necessary to increase the size and size of the support frame of the image pickup apparatus 5.

  According to the experiment of the present inventor, for example, when a rolled-out image G as shown in FIG. 5 (A) is taken for a granular material S of several hundred to several thousand kg including a granular material having a large particle diameter of 1 m or more. Requires a protruding area of 5 m × 5 m or more, and the installation height h of the imaging device 5 needs to be 7 m or more. In this way, when the protruding area is increased, not only is the burden of spreading and leveling work increased, but also the granular material that can detect the contour from the protruding image G as the height h of the imaging device 5 increases. Therefore, the accuracy of detecting the contour of the granular material from the image G is lowered, and there is a possibility that the accuracy of the particle size management of the granular material S is lowered. For this reason, development of the technique which can measure the particle size of a large amount of granular material S containing a granular material with a large particle size in a short time is desired.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and a system for accurately measuring a divided particle size of a granular material including a granular material having a large particle size in a short time.

  Referring to the block diagram of FIG. 1 and the flow chart of FIG. 2, the granular material division type particle size measuring method according to the present invention divides a granular material S mixed with granular materials s having different particle diameters d into a plurality of divisions. A rolled-out image Gj (see FIG. 10A) of the granular material group Sj is photographed, and for each rolled-out image Gj, the area e and the particle diameter d from the outline of each granular material s, and the projected area Ej of the entire granular material , And the cumulative passage rate Pj (di) of the predetermined particle diameter di is calculated from the particle diameter d of each granular material s for each image Gj, and the predetermined particle diameter weighted by the projected area Ej for each rolled-out image Gj The accumulated passage rate P (di of a predetermined particle diameter di of the granular material S before division is calculated based on the area average value (= (ΣPj (di) · Ej) / ΣEj) of the accumulated passage rate Pj (di) of di. ) Is measured.

  In addition, referring to the block diagram of FIG. 1, the divided particle size measuring system for granular materials according to the present invention is divided into a plurality of divided granular material groups Sj obtained by dividing a granular material S mixed with granular materials s having different particle diameters d. The image pickup device 5 that captures the unrolled image Gj (see FIG. 10A), and for each unrolled image Gj, the area e and the particle size d from the outline of each granular material s and the projected area Ej of the entire granular material Detection means 17 for detecting, calculation means 18 for calculating an accumulation passage rate Pj (di) of a predetermined particle diameter di from the particle diameter d of each granular material s for each rolled-out image Gj, and a projected area for each rolled-out image Gj The area average value (= (ΣPj (di) · Ej) / ΣEj) of the cumulative passage rate Pj (di) of the predetermined particle diameter di weighted by Ej over the entire image represents the predetermined particle diameter di of the granular material S before division. Measuring means 19 for measuring the cumulative passage rate P (di) Is provided.

  Preferably, as shown in FIG. 1, a rolling-out device 4 is provided for rolling out each divided granular material group Sj to a constant surface density or a constant thickness. If the whirling device 4 is provided, the photographing condition can be made constant by making the whirling condition constant, and the variation factor of the measurement value caused by the fluctuation of the whirling condition can be removed. In addition, it is desirable to measure the maximum particle size in the granular material S in advance and to squeeze each divided granular material group Sj with a rectangular area having one side that is 1 to 3 times as long as the maximum particle size.

  Desirably, as shown in FIG. 1, a separation device 6 that separates a particulate material having a particle size less than a predetermined limit particle size D from the particulate material S, and a measuring device 7 that measures the weight M and moisture content Z of the particulate material S before and after separation. , 8, and the calculation means 22 for obtaining the accumulation passage rate P (D) of the fine granular material in the granular material S from the measured values of the weight M and the moisture content Z are provided. The area average value (= (ΣPj (di) · Ej) / ΣEj) over the entire image of the cumulative passage rate Pj (di) of the predetermined particle diameter di weighted by the projected area Ej and the cumulative passage rate P ( From (D), the accumulation passage rate P (di) of the predetermined particle diameter di of the granular material S before division is measured.

  More preferably, instead of calculating the accumulation passage rate Pj (di) for each rolled-out image Gj by the calculation means 18, the granularity is equal to or larger than a predetermined particle diameter di with respect to the projected area Ej of the entire granular material for each rolled-out image Gj. The area ratio (= Σe / Ej) of the material is calculated as the particle size index Ij (di) of the predetermined particle size di, and the particle size index I (di) of the predetermined particle size di obtained from the sample T of the granular material S and the sample T A storage unit 16 is provided for storing a relational expression K (see FIG. 6) with an accumulation passage rate P (di) of a granular material having a predetermined particle diameter di or less, and based on the relational expression K, an image is measured by the measurement means 19. Granular material before dividing the average area value I (di) (= (ΣIj (di) · Ej) / ΣEj) over the entire image of the particle size index Ij (di) of the predetermined particle size di weighted by the projected area Ej for each Gj Addition of S with a predetermined particle diameter di To convert the rate P (di).

  In the granular material division type particle size measuring method and system according to the present invention, the granular material S is divided into a plurality of parts, and then a rolled image Gj of each divided granular material group Sj is photographed, and each granular material is divided for each rolled image Gj. The area e, the particle size d, and the projected area Ej of the entire granular material are detected from the contour of s to calculate the accumulation passage rate Pj (di) of the predetermined particle size di, and the projected area Ej for each rolled-out image Gj. Since the accumulated passage rate P (di) of the predetermined particle size di of the granular material S before division is measured by the area average value over the entire image of the weighted passage size Pj (di) of the predetermined particle size di, There is an advantageous effect.

(A) Since the rolled-out image Gj is taken after the granular material S is divided into a plurality of parts, the rolled-out area is kept relatively small, and the rolling and leveling work of the granular material S is shortened and simplified. Can be planned.
(B) Further, by suppressing the protruding area, the height h of the image pickup device 5 in which the entire area is reflected can be kept relatively low, the image pickup device 5 can be downsized, and the height of the image pickup device 5 can be reduced. It is possible to suppress a decrease in the accuracy of detecting the contour of the granular material in the image Gj due to an increase (separation from the protruding surface), and hence a decrease in the accuracy of measuring the particle size of the granular material S.
(C) Further, since the rolled-out image Gj is shot after dividing the granular material S, the shooting of the rolled-out image Gj for each divided granular material group Sj is advanced in parallel to measure the particle size of the granular material S. It is also possible to greatly reduce the time required.
(D) The granularity index Ij (di) is calculated instead of calculating the cumulative passage rate Pj (di) of the predetermined particle diameter di for each rolled-out image Gj, and before division from the granularity index Ij (di) for each image Gj The granular material S is converted into an accumulated passage rate P (di) of a predetermined particle diameter di, thereby eliminating the trouble of calculating the accumulated passage rate Pj (di) for each image Gj. Further speeding up and simplification can be achieved.
(F) In particular, it is possible to measure the particle size of a large amount of granular material S including granular material with a large particle size of 1 m or more in a short time, and it is applicable to construction work using granular material S such as rock fill dam construction work. In this case, it is expected that the quality control of the granular material S is facilitated and the accuracy of the quality control is increased by increasing the frequency of the particle size management.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments and examples for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a granular material particle size measurement system according to the present invention. It is an example of the flowchart of the particle size measuring method of the granular material by this invention. It is an example of the detailed flowchart of the calculation method (step S105 of FIG. 2) of the accumulation passage rate of a micro granular material. It is an example of the flowchart of the particle size measuring method by this invention using a particle size index. It is explanatory drawing of an example of the imaging | photography method of the rolling-out image of a granular material, and the method of calculating an area from the outline of each granular material of the image. It is an example of the graph which shows the relational expression K of the particle size index I (di) of each particle size di of granular material, and the accumulation passage rate P (di) of the granular material below the particle size di in the granular material. It is an example of the graph which shows the particle size accumulation curve of the granular material produced with the system of this invention. It is another example of the graph which shows the particle size accumulation curve of the granular material produced with the system of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of an example of the particle size measurement method of the granular material using the conventional image analysis process. It is explanatory drawing of an example of the method of detecting the outline of each granular material from the rolled-out image of a granular material. It is an example of the particle size accumulation curve of the granular material created with the method of FIG. It is an example of the graph which shows the particle size accumulation curve Pr and Ps of the coarsest grain sample Tr and the finest grain sample Ts of a granular material. It is explanatory drawing of an example of the particle size management method in the conventional CSG construction method.

  FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the divided particle size measurement system of the present invention. The system of the illustrated example shoots a rolling-out device 4 that divides the granular material S into a plurality of divided granular material groups Sj, and a rolled-out image Gj (see FIG. 10A) of each divided granular material group Sj. And the computer 10 that inputs the rolled-out image Gj of each divided granular material group Sj and measures the particle size of the granular material S before division. For example, when constructing civil engineering structures using the CSG method, the ground materials, etc. that are procured at a collection site (ground or geological layer) 1 near the construction site and continuously supplied to the construction site by a transporting machine 3 such as a dump truck The whole or a part of is used as the granular material S for quality control, and the quality is controlled by measuring the particle size of the granular material S for each conveyance unit. When the material conveyed by the transporting machine 3 can be regarded as homogeneous, it is sufficient that a part of the transporting machine 3 is the granular material S to be managed. The application target of the present invention is not limited to the ground material and the like procured from the natural ground and the like, but is also widely applied to, for example, granular materials S such as a crushed material continuously crushed by a predetermined crushing device 2 by crushing raw stone. Applicable.

  The whirling device 4 in the illustrated example divides the granular material S into a plurality of divided granular material groups Sj and rolls them out so as to have a constant surface density in a predetermined area. For example, the entire granular material S of several hundred to several thousand kg including the granular material s having a large particle diameter having a maximum particle diameter Dmax of 1 m or more is rolled out in a rolled area (A × B) as shown in FIG. In this case, according to the experiment of the present inventor, it is necessary to set the side A (and B) of the unrolling area to about 4 to 10 times the maximum particle size Dmax, and the labor and time of the unloading work increase. At the same time, it is necessary to increase the height h of the imaging device 5 in which the entire image is reflected. On the other hand, for example, as shown in FIG. 5B, if the granular material S is divided and the side aj (and bj) of the unrolled area is set to about 1 to 3 times the maximum particle size Dmax, it can be achieved in a short time. The whirling work can be performed and the height of the imaging device 5 (separation from the whirling surface) can be prevented.

  For example, the maximum particle size Dmax in the granular material S before division is measured in advance, and each divided granular material group Sj is sequentially sprinkled into a rectangular area having a side length of 1 to 3 times the maximum particle size Dmax. An image Gj is taken. In this way, the number of images increases as compared with the case where the entire granular material S is photographed. However, it is possible to shorten and simplify the photographing preparation work (breading work and clearing work) of each image and from the image. The granular material contour detection accuracy and the granular material S particle size measurement accuracy can be increased. The maximum particle size Dmax is generally defined as the minimum nominal size of the sieve through which all the granular material s in the granular material S passes. For example, such maximum particle size Dmax is obtained from the granular material S collected at the same sampling site. It can obtain | require beforehand and can use for the division | segmentation of each division | segmentation granular material group Sj in this invention.

  Desirably, the total weight of the granular material S before division is measured, and the weight of each divided granular material group Sj after the division is equalized by dividing the weight into equal parts. By aligning the weight and the area of the divided granular material group Sj, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the constant area density. In addition, the shape of the facing surface and the size of each side of each divided granular material group Sj are not limited to the illustrated example, and for example, the ratio of lengths of each side (aj / bj) is 0.5 to 1.5. It is possible to select within a range, and it is also possible to roll out a circular surface instead of a rectangular surface.

Alternatively, the weight of each divided granular material group Sj is measured, and the protruding area (aj × bj) of each granular material group Sj so as to have a constant surface density (for example, about 10 to 400 kg / m ² ) according to the measured weight. ) Is set. When each granular material group Sj contains a granular material having a large particle diameter of 1 m or more and it is difficult to directly measure the weight, each granular material in a predetermined protruding area (aj × bj) according to the specific gravity of the granular material S It is also possible to make the surface density constant by making the rolled thickness of the material group Sj constant. The granular material s having a particle size larger than the squeezed thickness must be squeezed out as it is. It is possible to make the exit surface density uniform. Preferably, as described later, in order to detect all the contours of the granular material having a predetermined limit particle diameter D (for example, 5 to 10 mm) or more from the rolled-out image Gj, the thickness at which the granular material having the predetermined limit particle diameter D or more is not buried. Then, each divided granular material group Sj is rolled out.

  As shown in FIG. 5A, the imaging device 5 in the illustrated example is installed downward at a height h at which the entire divided granular material group Sj rolled out by the rolling-out device 4 is reflected. A rolled-out image Gj in which the entire granular material group Sj is reflected is captured. As described above, in the present invention, the granular material S is divided into a plurality of parts to keep the surface area small, so that the imaging device 5 can be prevented from being enlarged (separated from the surface), for example, a small digital camera. A relatively high-definition start-up image Gj can be taken using the imaging device 5 such as the above.

  The computer 10 in the illustrated example includes an input device 11 such as a keyboard, an output device 12 such as a display, and storage means 16 such as a primary or secondary storage device. Further, the computer 10 has, as an internal program, an input means 14 for inputting a rolled-out image Gj of each divided granular material group Sj from the imaging device 5, and each granular material s in the divided granular material group Sj for each rolled-out image Gj. The detecting means 17 for detecting the area e and the particle diameter d from the contour and the projected area Ej of the whole granular material, and the accumulated passage rate Pj (with a predetermined particle diameter di for each image Gj from the particle diameter d of the granular material s. The calculation means 18 for calculating (di) and the accumulated passage rate P (di) of the predetermined particle size di of the granular material S before division from the accumulated passage rate Pj (di) of the predetermined particle size di for each image Gj. It has a measuring means 19 for measuring, and an output means 15 for outputting the measured product passage rate P (di) and the like to the output device 12. The built-in program of the computer 10 in the illustrated example includes a creation means 20 for creating a particle size accumulation curve P (d) from an accumulation passage rate P (di) of a predetermined particle size di of the granular material S before division, and its The particle size quality is determined by comparing the particle size accumulation curve P (d) of the granular material S with the particle size accumulation curves Pr (d) and Ps (d) of the coarsest sample Tr and the finest sample Ts. A determination means 21 is also included.

  Preferably, as shown in the figure, a separation device 6 is provided for separating a fine granular material (silt, clay, etc.) having a particle size less than a predetermined limit particle size D (for example, 5 to 10 mm) from the granular material S before division. Then, after separating the fine granular material from the granular material S, the fine particle material is divided into a plurality by the separation device 4 and the divided image group Gj of the divided granular material group Sj separated from the fine granular material is input to the computer 10. For example, if a minute granular material having a particle size less than the limit particle size D, for which it is difficult to detect the contour from the image Gj, is contained in a large amount in the divided granular material group Sj, a granular material having a particle size larger than the limit particle size D is a minute particle material. It becomes difficult for the detection means 17 to detect the necessary contour of the granular material from the image Gj. Further, when the fine granular material is agglomerated or stuck to a large diameter particle, the detection means 17 may misrecognize the particle size of each granular material and may cause an error in the detected area e and particle size d. There is. By separating the fine granular material from the granular material S by the separating device 6 in advance, the contour detecting accuracy of each granular material in the detecting means 17 can be increased. The separation device 6 to be used may differ depending on the state of the fine granular material in the granular material S. For example, when the fine granular material is dry, a sieving device is used, and the fine granular material is wetted to other granular material. If you are stuck, you can use a washing machine. However, the separation device 6 is not essential for the system of the present invention. For example, when the particulate material S has a small amount of fine particulate material, and the detection means 17 is less likely to misrecognize the particle size of the particulate material, The separating device 6 can be omitted.

  FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of a divided particle size measuring method for granular material S according to the present invention using the system of FIG. The system of FIG. 1 will be described below with reference to the flowchart of FIG. First, in step S101 in FIG. 2, the granular material S is divided into a plurality of parts by the above-described extruding device 4, and the extruding image Gj of each divided granular material group Sj by the imaging device 5 (see FIG. 10A). The process which image | photographs and inputs into the computer 10 is shown. Next, in steps S102 to S104, for each input rolled-out image Gj, the cumulative passage rate Pj (di) of the predetermined particle diameter di is calculated for the divided granular material group Sj reflected therein.

  In step S102, the input rolled-out image Gj is input to the detecting means 17 of the computer 10, and first, the contour of each granular material in the image G is detected as shown in FIG. For example, the image G is binarized based on the brightness of the pixels, and the contour of each particle is extracted from the binarized image using a technique such as labeling or pattern matching (see FIG. 10B). Desirably, as described above, all the outlines of granular materials having a predetermined limit particle diameter D (for example, 5 to 10 mm) or more are detected from the image Gj.

  In step S102, the area e and the particle diameter d of each granular material are obtained from the detected outline of each granular material, and the area information (two-dimensional information) is converted into volume information (three-dimensional information). The projected area Ej (= Σe) is obtained. For example, when the granular material can be regarded as a sphere as shown in FIG. 5C, the area equivalent diameter of the granular material is the particle diameter d, and the cross-sectional area of the sphere is the area e. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5D, an ellipse is fitted to the contour of each granular material (for example, by least square approximation) to obtain a major axis b and a minor axis a, and the minor axis a is determined as the particle size d of the granular material. (Sieving diameter), and the approximate elliptical area is defined as the area e of the granular material. Instead of ellipse approximation, a minimum rectangle circumscribing the contour of each granular material may be obtained, the short axis a of the minimum rectangle may be set as the particle size d, and the area of the minimum rectangle may be set as the area e of the granular material. Alternatively, the area e of each granular material can be calculated by converting the number of pixels inside the contour of each granular material into an area.

  Next, in step S103, the particle diameter d of each granular material s detected by the detection means 17 is input to the calculation means 18 of the computer 10, and the cumulative passage rate Pj (di) of the predetermined particle diameter di for each rolled-out image Gj. Is calculated. For example, the volume v is calculated by modeling each granular material into a simple solid (sphere or cube) having an equivalent diameter from the particle size d of each granular material s by the calculation means 18, and the volume v of each granular material is calculated as the particle size d. They are arranged in descending order and the total volume Vj (= Σv) is calculated, and the cumulative passage rate Pj (di) of the predetermined particle diameter di is calculated as the ratio of the granular material having a smaller diameter than the predetermined particle diameter di with respect to the total volume Vj. Instead of the method of calculating the cumulative passage rate Pj (di) from the volume v of each granular material s, the soil particle density or unit volume weight of each granular material s of the granular material S is obtained in advance, and they are used. It is also possible to calculate the accumulation passage rate Pj (di) of the predetermined particle diameter di. Preferably, for a plurality of predetermined particle diameters di (for example, 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, etc.), the ratio p of granular materials having a diameter smaller than the predetermined particle diameter di with respect to the total volume Vj is obtained for each rolled image G. A cumulative passage rate Pj (di) of a plurality of predetermined particle diameters di is calculated. Step S104 indicates that steps S102 to S103 are repeated for all the extracted images Gj.

  In steps S102 to S104, the cumulative passage rate Pj (di) of the predetermined particle diameter di is calculated for all the unrolled images Gj, and the calculation result is input to the measuring means 19 of the computer 10 in step S107. The accumulated passage rate P (di) of the granular material S with a predetermined particle diameter di is measured. As shown in FIG. 5 (B), the cumulative passage rate Pj (di) of the predetermined particle diameter di of each divided granular material group Sj obtained by dividing the granular material S is expressed as the unrolling area (aj) of each divided granular material group Sj. Xbj) is weighted and summed, and the sum is divided by the sum of the unrolled areas (= Σaj × Σbj = A × B) to obtain an average value, thereby obtaining a predetermined particle size of the granular material S before division A product passage rate P (di) of di is obtained. Specifically, the sum (= (ΣPj (di) · Ej)) of the accumulated passage rate Pj (di) of the predetermined particle diameter di weighted by the projected area Ej of each image Gj is obtained, and the accumulated passage rate Pj. By dividing the sum of (di) by the sum of the projected areas Ej of all the images Gj (= ΣEj) and calculating an area average value (= (ΣPj (di) · Ej) / ΣEj), the granular material S before division The cumulative passage rate P (di) of the predetermined particle diameter di is calculated, or the total volume Vj (= of the granular material reflected in each image Gj described above is not weighted by the projected area Ej of each image Gj. Σv) weights the product passage rate Pj (di) of the predetermined particle diameter di, and divides it by the total total volume V (= ΣVj) of the entire screen Gj to calculate the volume average value. The accumulation pass rate P (di) of the granular material S with a predetermined particle diameter di is obtained. It is also possible.

  Step S108 in FIG. 2 inputs the accumulation passage rate P (di) of the predetermined particle diameter di calculated for the granular material S before division into the creating means 20 of the computer 10, and the particle diameter accumulation curve P of the granular material S is input. The process of creating (d) is shown. FIG. 7 shows a particle size accumulation curve P (not less than the predetermined limit particle diameter D created by the creating means 20 for the granular material S after the fine granular material having a particle diameter less than the predetermined limit particle diameter D is separated by the separating device 6 described above. An example of d ≧ D) is shown. In the particle diameter accumulation curve P in the illustrated example, the calculation means 18 calculates the accumulated passage rate Pj (di) for each of a plurality of predetermined particle diameters di (10 mm, 20 mm, and 40 mm in the illustrated example) of each rolled-out image Gj. The measuring means 19 converts the accumulated material passage rate P (di) into a plurality of predetermined particle diameters di of the granular material S before division.

  In steps S109 to S110, the particle diameter accumulation curve P (d) of the granular material S created in step S108 is input to the determination means 21 of the computer 10, and in the determination means 21, the particle diameter accumulation curve P of the granular material S is input. The process of determining the particle size quality is shown by comparing (d) with the particle size accumulation curves Pr (d) and Ps (d) of the coarsest sample Tr and the finest sample Ts. The coarsest grain sample Tr and the finest grain sample Ts are selected in advance by a number of particle size tests of the granular material S as described above, and the particle size accumulation curves Pr (d) and Ps obtained by the particle size test are selected. For example, (d) can be registered in the storage unit 16 in step S101. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7, when comparing with the particle size accumulation curve P (d ≧ D) of the granular material S from which the fine granular material having a particle diameter less than the predetermined limit particle size D is separated, the coarsest sample Tr and the finest particle Particle size accumulation curves Pr (d ≧ D) and Ps (d ≧ D) of a predetermined limit particle size D or more obtained by separating the fine granular material from the grain sample Ts can be created and registered in the storage means 16. (See also FIG. 12). For example, whether or not the particle size accumulation curve P (d ≧ D) of the granular material is within a specified range between the particle size accumulation curves Pr (d ≧ D) and Ps (d ≧ D) by the determination means 21. The particle size quality of the granular material S is determined by checking (normal or not), which particle size accumulation curve Pr, Ps is fluctuating (trend of variation), and the like.

  Step S111 in FIG. 2 shows processing for adjusting the particle size of the granular material S as necessary when it is determined in steps S109 to S110 that the particle size quality of the granular material S is outside the specified range. The particle size adjustment method differs depending on, for example, whether the particle size accumulation curve P (d ≧ D) of the granular material S in FIG. 7 is out of the coarsest sample Tr or the finest sample Ts. The particle size of the granular material S can be adjusted by comprehensively considering the determination result of the particle size accumulation curve P. After adjusting the particle size, the process returns to step S101, and the above-described processes of steps S101 to S110 are performed again. However, the particle size adjustment in step S111 is not an essential process for the present invention. In step S111, the unit water amount mixed into the granular material S can be adjusted so as to be within the specified range of the rhombus in FIG. When the granular material S determined to be out of the range is not used for civil engineering work, step S111 can be omitted.

If the particle size quality of the granular material S is determined to be within the prescribed range in step S109~S110 proceeds to step S112, for example, pressurized product passing rate of a given particle size di of the current supplied particulate material S _t in FIG. 7 After accumulating and storing P _t (di) and the particle size accumulation curve P _t (d ≧ D) in the storage means 16, it is determined whether or not to continue measuring the particle size of the granular material S in step S113. When continuing, it returns to step S101, repeats step S101-S118 mentioned above about granular material St _{t + 1} supplied next time, measures the accumulation passage rate Pt _{+ 1} (di) of predetermined particle size di, and is a particle size accumulation curve. Create _{Pt + 1} . In step S112, the accumulation passage rate P (di) and the particle size accumulation curve P of the granular material S are accumulated and stored in the storage unit 16, so that the determination unit 21 in the determination process of the next steps S109 to S110. this feed _{S t} of the pressurized product passage rates _P t (di) or particle size accumulation curve _P t (d) as the previous feed _{S t-1} of the pressurized product passage rates _{P t-1} (di) or particle size by Comparison with the accumulation curve P (d) _t-1 makes it possible to determine the change in the particle size of the granular material S over time (particle size variation) and to quickly grasp the change in the particle size quality of the granular material S. .

  In the present invention, the granular material S is divided into a plurality of images, and then a rolled-out image Gj is photographed, the accumulated passing rate P (di) before the division is measured from the plurality of rolled-out images Gj, and the particle size accumulation curve is further measured. Since P (d) is created, the spread area can be kept relatively small, and the work for spreading and leveling the granular material S can be shortened and simplified. In addition, the height h of the imaging device 5 in which the entire exposed area is reflected is suppressed to be relatively low, and a decrease in measurement accuracy due to an increase in the height of the imaging device 5 and a decrease in the particle size measurement accuracy of the granular material S are suppressed. Can do. Furthermore, it can be expected that the time required for measuring the particle size of the granular material S will be significantly reduced by proceeding with the shooting of the rolled-out image Gj of each divided granular material group Sj in parallel.

  Thus, it is possible to achieve the object of the present invention, “a method and system for accurately measuring a divided particle size of a granular material including a granular material having a large particle size in a short time”.

  FIG. 4 shows another flow chart of the divided particle size measuring method for the granular material S according to the present invention. In steps S102 to S103 in the flowchart of FIG. 2 described above, the volume v is calculated from the contour and the particle diameter d of each granular material s for each rolled-out image Gj, and the volume Vj (= Σv) of all the granular materials s is calculated. The cumulative passage rate Pj (di) of the predetermined particle diameter di is calculated as the ratio of the granular material having a smaller diameter than the predetermined particle diameter di with respect to the total volume Vj. However, for example, it is difficult in image analysis to detect the contours and particle diameters d of all the granular materials s having a predetermined particle diameter di (for example, 10 mm) or less from the spread image G as shown in FIG. There are also many. Compared to the detection of the granular material s having a predetermined particle size di or less, detection of the granular material having the predetermined particle size di (for example, 10 mm) or more is relatively easy in image analysis. The area ratio Σe / E (hereinafter referred to as the particle size index I (di) of the predetermined particle size di) of the total sum (Σe) of the area e of the granular material s having the predetermined particle size di or more with respect to the projected area Ej of the entire granular material Can be obtained easily and accurately.

FIG. 6 shows the accumulated passage rate P (di) of a granular material having a particle size of di = 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm or less by a conventional method such as sieving for a plurality of granular materials S collected from the same ground. ) And the particle size index I (di) of each granular material having a particle size di = 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm or more is calculated from the rolled-out image G, and the result is obtained as a secondary plane (cumulative passage rate). P (d) is plotted on the vertical axis and the area ratio (Σe / E) is plotted on the horizontal axis). The graph of FIG. 6, the pressurized product passing rate in different particle sizes di granular material S P (di), respectively, expressed it in a multidimensional regression model granularity index I (di) (y = Σa n · x n) Is shown. If a relational expression as shown in FIG. 6 (for example, a multidimensional regression model) is used, based on the particle size index I (di) of the predetermined particle size di detected from the rolled-out image G, the accumulated passage rate of the predetermined particle size di P (d) can be estimated. The flowchart of FIG. 4 shows the granularity index I (di) for each starting image Gj, instead of calculating the product passage rate Pj (di) for each starting image Gj as shown in FIG. 2 (step S103). This is a method of measuring the particle size of the granular material S by using it.

  Steps S301 to S303 in FIG. 4 are performed by the relational expression setting means 23 (see FIG. 1) of the computer 10 to add the particle size index I (di) of the granular material S having a predetermined particle size di and the granular material having the particle size di or less. An initial process for setting a relational expression K with the product passage rate P (di) is shown. First, in step S301, the sample T of the granular material S is used, for example, a fine granular material having a particle diameter less than a predetermined limit particle diameter D (for example, 5 to 10 mm) is separated from the sample T by the separation device 6 in FIG. The picked-up image G of the sample T is picked up and input to the computer 10. Further, with respect to the sample T after the separation of the fine granular material, the cumulative passage rate P (di) of the granular material having a predetermined particle diameter di (for example, 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, etc. shown in FIG. It is obtained by sieving or other conventional methods, and the accumulated passing rate P (di) of each obtained particle diameter di is input to the computer 10 from the input device 11.

  In step S302, the rolled-out image G is input to the detection means 17 of the computer 10, and the contour of each granular material in the image G is detected as shown in FIG. e and the particle diameter d are obtained, and the projected area E (= Σe) of the whole granular material is obtained. Even when it is difficult to detect the contours and particle diameters d of all the granular materials in the image G, it is desirable to detect all the contours of the granular materials that are larger than the limit particle diameter D (for example, 5 to 10 mm) that can be detected. At least in step S301, the contours and particle diameters d of the granular material having the minimum particle diameter di (for example, 10 mm) for which the cumulative passage rate P (di) is obtained are detected.

  In step S302, the particle diameter d of each granular material in the rolled-out image G detected by the detecting means 17 is input to the particle size index calculating means 18a of the computer 10, for example, a plurality of predetermined particle diameters di in the rolled-out image G. For each (for example, 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, etc.), the sum Σe of the areas of the granular materials each having a particle diameter di or larger is obtained, and the particles having a particle diameter di or larger with respect to the projected area E of the whole granular material in the rolled-out image G The area ratio (= Σe / E) of the material is calculated as the particle size index I (di) of each particle size di.

  Next, in step S303, the particle size index I (di) of a plurality of predetermined particle diameters di obtained by the calculation means 18a is input to the relational expression setting means 23, and each predetermined particle diameter input in step S301 in the relational expression setting means 23. A relational expression K between the cumulative passing rate P (di) of di and the granularity index I (di) obtained by the calculation means 18a is set. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the product passage rate P (di) and the particle size index I (di) of a plurality of predetermined particle sizes di are plotted on the secondary plane, and the product pass rate P (di) is obtained. Set an appropriate regression model (eg, a granularity index polynomial (multidimensional regression model), logarithmic function, power function, exponential function, etc.) with the variable (dependent variable) as the granularity index I (di) and the explanatory variable (independent variable) Then, the relational expression K is set, and the set relational expression K is stored in the storage unit 16.

  Preferably, in step S301, picked-up images G of a plurality of specimens T are imaged, and the product passage rate P (di) is obtained from each of the plurality of specimens T, and the product passage obtained from the plurality of specimens T in step S303. A relational expression K is set based on the rate P (di) and the granularity index I (di). As can be seen from FIG. 6, the accumulation passage rate P (di) and the particle size index I (di) of each particle size di obtained from the sample T of the granular material S collected at the same collection site are approximately approximate. Since some variation is observed for each sample T, by setting a relational expression K having a correlation coefficient r as large as possible based on a plurality of samples T, a product passage rate P (di ) Can be improved. According to the experiment of the present inventor, for example, by using a sample T of about 5 to 10 of the granular material S, it is possible to set the relational expression K having a correlation coefficient r of about 0.995, for example.

  Note that the setting of the relational expression K in steps S301 to S303 is not necessarily performed at the construction site. For example, the relational expression K is set in advance using a plurality of samples T of the granular material S in a laboratory or the like, and the relational expression is set. It is also possible to input K to the on-site computer 10 and store it in the storage means 16. In this case, it is sufficient to provide a step of inputting the relational expression K to the computer 10 instead of steps S301 to S303, and the relational expression setting means 23 of the computer 10 for obtaining the relational expression K from the sample T of the granular material S (FIG. 1). Can be omitted.

  Steps S304 to S309 in FIG. 4 show the flow of the divided particle size measurement method for the granular material S continuously supplied from the collection site 1 or the crushing device 2 based on the relational expression K stored in the storage unit 16. First, in step S304, similarly to step S101 of FIG. 2 described above, the granular material S is divided into a plurality of parts by the separating device 4, and the rolled-out images Gj (see FIG. 10 (A)) is captured and input to the computer 10. Next, in steps S305 to S306, the detection means 17 of the computer 10 obtains the area e and the particle diameter d from the outline of each granular material for each rolled-out image Gj, and obtains the projected area Ej (= Σe) of the entire granular material. Similar to step S302 described above, the granularity index calculating unit 18a calculates the granularity index Ij (di) of the predetermined particle diameter di for each rolled-out image G.

  In step S309, the particle size index Ij (di) of the predetermined particle size di for each rolled-out image G is input to the particle size index converting unit 19a of the measuring unit 19 of the computer 10, and the predetermined particle size di of the granular material S before division is input. The accumulated passage rate P (di) is measured. The granularity index conversion means 19a first calculates the sum of the granularity indexes Ij (di) of a predetermined particle diameter di weighted by the projection area Ej of each image Gj (= (ΣIj (di) · Ej) is calculated, and the total of the granularity index Ij (di) is divided by the total of the projected areas Ej of all the images Gj (= ΣEj) to calculate the area average value (= (ΣIj (di) · Ej) / ΣEj) Thus, the particle size index I (di) of the predetermined particle size di of the granular material S before division is obtained, and then the calculated particle size index I (di) of the predetermined particle size di of the granular material S is added by the relational expression K. In other words, instead of weighting by the projected area Ej of each image Gj, the total product Vj (= Σv) of each image Gj is used in the same manner as in step S108 described above. It is also possible to perform weighting with.

  Step S310 in FIG. 4 is a process of creating a particle size accumulation curve P (d) from the accumulation passage rate P (di) of the granular material S by the creation means 20 of the computer 10 in the same manner as step S108 in FIG. (See FIG. 7). Further, in step S311, as in step S109 of FIG. 2, the particle size accumulation curve P (d) of the granular material S is converted into the particle diameters of the coarsest sample Tr and the finest sample Ts by the determination means 21 of the computer 10. A process for determining the granularity quality in comparison with the accumulation curves Pr (d) and Ps (d) is shown. As shown in the flowchart of FIG. 3, the particle size index I (di) of a predetermined particle size di that can be detected relatively easily from the rolled-out image G of the granular material S and the accumulated passage rate P (d) of the particle size di By using the relational expression K, it is possible to save time and effort for calculating the accumulated passage rate Pj (di) for each rolled-out image Gj, and to further speed up and simplify the particle size measurement of the granular material S.

  In the flowcharts of FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 described above, as shown in FIG. 7, a particle size accumulation curve P (d ≧ D) of a predetermined limit particle size D (for example, 5 to 10 mm) or more from the granular material S after separation of the fine granular material. ) And the particle size accumulation curve P (d ≧ D) is equal to or larger than the predetermined limit particle size D of the coarsest sample Tr and the finest sample Ts, and Ps (d ≧ D), Ps The particle size quality is determined in comparison with (d ≧ D). However, the particle size accumulation curve P (d ≧ D) in FIG. 7 does not reflect the content of the fine granular material having a particle size less than the predetermined limit particle size D, and is less than the predetermined limit particle size D in the granular material S. In the case where a large amount of the fine granular material is contained, in the vicinity of the predetermined limit particle size D, the particle size accumulation curve P (d ≧ D) of the granular material S, the coarsest particle sample Tr, and the finest particle sample Ts It is difficult to confirm which side is fluctuating (trend of fluctuation) or the like. In order to simplify the comparison between the coarsest grain sample Tr and the finest grain sample Ts, a particle size accumulation curve P (d ≧ D) in consideration of the content of a fine granular material having a particle size less than a predetermined limit particle size D is used. It is useful to create.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the particle size measuring system includes a separation device 6 that separates the fine granular material, and a measuring device 7 that measures the weight M and moisture content Z of the granular material S before and after separating the fine granular material. 8, the computer 10 is provided with computing means 22 for obtaining the cumulative passage rate P (D) of the fine granular material in the granular material S from the measured values of the weight M and the moisture content Z. Step S105 in FIG. 2 and step S307 in FIG. 4 are performed by the calculation means 22 of the computer 10 based on the measured values of the weight M and moisture content Z of the granular material S before and after separating the fine granular material. The process which calculates | requires the content rate of a material, ie, the accumulation passage rate P (D), is shown. 2 is input to the calculation means 19 (see also FIG. 1), and the calculation means 19 calculates the accumulated passage rate P (D) of the fine granular material obtained by the calculation means 22 in step S107 of FIG. 2 and step 309 of FIG. The accumulated passage rate P (di) of the granular material S with a predetermined particle diameter di is adjusted based on the accumulated passage rate P (D) of the minute granular material.

  FIG. 3 shows a detailed flowchart of the processing (step S105 in FIG. 2 and step S307 in FIG. 4) by the computing means 22. First, in steps S201 to S202, the weight Mb and moisture content Zb of the granular material S before separating the fine granular material having a particle size less than the predetermined limit particle diameter D (for example, 5 to 10 mm) by the separation device 6 are determined. Measurement is performed by the measuring device 8b, and the dry weight Mdb of the granular material S before separation of the fine granular material is calculated in step S203. Next, the weight Ma and the water content Za of the granular material S after the fine granular material is separated by the separation device 6 in steps S204 to S205 are measured by the weight measuring device 7a and the water content measuring device 8a. In step S206, the fine granular material is measured. The dry weight Mda of the granular material S after separation is calculated. An example of the weight measuring devices 7b and 7a is a device conventionally used for measuring the mass of the granular material S such as a balance and a load cell, and examples of the moisture content measuring devices 8b and 8a are a near infrared moisture meter and an RI moisture meter. . In step S207, from the dry weights Mdb and Mda of the granular material S before and after the separation of the fine granular material, the mass percentage of the fine granular material having a particle diameter S less than the predetermined limit particle diameter D, that is, the cumulative passage rate P (D) is calculated. To do.

  In step S107 of FIG. 2 and step S309 of FIG. 4, the creation means 20 of the computer 10 uses step S108 by using the accumulation passage rate P (di) based on the accumulation passage rate P (D) of the fine granular material. In step S310, a particle diameter accumulation curve P (d ≧ D) can be created in consideration of the accumulation passage rate P (D) of the fine granular material as shown in FIG. Specifically, in step S107 and step S309, a mass ratio equal to or larger than a predetermined limit particle diameter D is obtained from the accumulated passage rate P (D) of the fine granular material obtained by the calculation means 22 (100-P (D)). By multiplying the mass ratio by the accumulated passage rate P (di) of the predetermined particle size di measured by the measuring means 19, the accumulated passage rate P '(di) (= P (D) of the predetermined particle size di. + (100−P (D)) × P (di)) is recalculated. By plotting and connecting the accumulation passage rate P ′ (di) of the predetermined particle diameter di after recalculation and the accumulation passage ratio P (D) of the fine granular material for each particle diameter di, as shown in FIG. A particle size accumulation curve P (d ≧ D) is created.

  The particle size accumulation curve P (d ≧ D) of the granular material S created in consideration of the accumulation passage rate P (D) of the fine granular material is obtained in steps S109 to S110 in FIG. 2 and step S311 in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, the particle size quality can be determined by directly comparing the particle size accumulation curves Pr (d) and Ps (d) of the coarsest sample Tr and the finest sample Ts. For example, in FIG. 8, the particle size accumulation curve P (d ≧ D) of the granular material S is within the prescribed range of the particle size accumulation curves Pr and Ps, but in the vicinity of the predetermined limit particle size D, the coarsest grain sample It can be determined that the particle size distribution is closer to the finest grain sample Ts side than the Tr side and is slightly finer than the average particle size. Further, if the particle size accumulation curve P (d ≧ D) as shown in FIG. 8 is accumulated and stored, by comparing the current particle size accumulation curve P with the previous one, the accuracy of the particle size of the granular material S can be compared. Change over time (granularity fluctuation) can be quickly grasped.

  Steps S208 to S211 in FIG. 3 include a measuring instrument (not shown) for measuring the water absorption q and the surface dry density ρ for each particle diameter di of the granular material S in the particle diameter measuring system of the present invention. 10 shows a process of calculating the surface water amount W of the granular material S from the measured values of the water absorption rate q and the surface dry density ρ by the 10 calculating means 22. As described above with reference to FIG. 13, in the CSG method, it is necessary to control the unit water amount of the CSG together with the particle size of the granular material S (see the prescribed range of the rhombus (hatched portion) in FIG. 13). If the surface water amount W is obtained, it can be used to manage the unit water amount of the CSG. In the flowchart of FIG. 3, the water absorption rate q of the granular material S is input from the measuring device in steps S208 to 209, and the surface water content ω of the granular material S is calculated based on the moisture content Zb measured in step S202. In step S210, the surface dry density ρ of the granular material S is input from the measuring device, and in step S211, the surface water amount W is calculated from the surface water ratio ω and the surface dry density ρ of the granular material S. For example, in step S111 in FIG. 2, based on the surface water amount W obtained in step S211 in FIG. 3, the amount of water mixed into the granular material S is adjusted and managed so as to be within the specified range of “diamonds” in FIG.

Further, in step S112 of FIG. 2, the storage surface water _{W t} obtained at step S211 in FIG. 3 with a particle size index _{I t} and particle size accumulation curve _P t (d) of the particle size di of the current feed _{S t} if cumulatively stored in unit 16, in the determination process of the next subsequent step S109～110, particle size of the current and the previous index by determining means 21 _{I t} and grain size accumulation curve P _{(d) t} and surface water _{W t} Can be quickly determined for particle size and surface water fluctuation. By quickly grasping the change in the particle size and surface water amount of the granular material S, detailed quality control in construction work using the granular material S such as the CSG method can be performed, and further improvement in management accuracy can be expected.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 1 as well, as in the above-described Patent Document 1, the particle size accumulation curve of a fine granular material having a particle size less than a predetermined limit particle size D obtained from the sample T of the granular material S is stored in the storage means 16 of the computer 10. If P (d ≦ D) is stored as the functions U and R of the accumulation passage rate P (D) of the fine granular material in the sample T, the minute amount in the granular material S obtained by the calculation means 22 described above is stored. The particle size accumulation curve P (d ≦ D) of the fine granular material can be estimated from the accumulated passage rate P (D) of the granular material by the functions U and R (see the estimation means 24 in FIG. 1). Further, in the creation means 20 (step S108 in FIG. 2 and step S310 in FIG. 4) of the computer 10, for example, the particle size accumulation curve P (d ≧ D) of the granular material S after separation of the fine granular material as shown in FIG. ) And the particle size accumulation curve P (d ≦ D) of the fine granular material S of the granular material S estimated by the estimating means 24, for example, as shown in FIG. A product curve P (d) can be created.

The particle size accumulation curve P (d ≦ D) less than the predetermined limit particle size D of the granular material S is, for example, a predetermined exponential function U {of the particle size ratio (= d / D) to the predetermined limit particle size D of the fine granular material. (D / D) ⁿ } can be approximated. Examples of such an exponential function P are Talbot function (P / P (D) = (d / D) ⁿ ), Gaudin-Meloy function (P / P (D) = 1− (1-d / D) ⁿ ) Or Rosin-Rammler function (P / P (D) = 1−exp (−d / D) ⁿ )). Also in the flowcharts of FIGS. 2 and 4, if an approximate function U of a particle size accumulation curve P (d ≦ D) of a fine granular material less than a predetermined limit particle size D is obtained in advance from the sample T of the granular material S, In step S108 or step S310, the creation means 20 approximates a particle size accumulation curve P (d ≧ D) greater than or equal to the predetermined limit particle size D and a particle size accumulation curve P (d ≦ D) of the fine granular material, , The particle size accumulation curve P (d) over the entire particle size range of the granular material S can be created.

Step S106 in FIG. 2 and step S308 in FIG. 4 are performed by the estimation means 24 of the computer 10 and the particle size accumulation of the fine granular material by the function U from the accumulation passage rate P (D) of the fine granular material in the granular material S. The process which estimates the curve P (d <= D) is shown. For example, if the index ^{n of} the above-mentioned predetermined exponential function U {(d / D) ⁿ } is constant irrespective of the accumulation passage rate P (D) of the fine granular material, the fine granular material obtained by the calculating means 22 By substituting the accumulation passage rate P (D) into the designated function U {(d / D) ⁿ }, the particle size accumulation curve P (d ≦ D) of the fine granular material can be estimated. In step S108 of FIG. 2 or step S310 of FIG. 4, the particle size accumulation curve P (d ≦ D) of the fine granular material estimated by the estimation unit 24 is input to the creation unit 20, and the particle size accumulation curve P ( d ≦ D) and a particle size accumulation curve P (d) over the entire particle size range as shown in FIG. Can be created.

Further, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, when the particle size accumulation curve P (d ≦ D) of a fine granular material is approximated by a predetermined exponential function U {(d / D) ⁿ }, the exponential function U { The index n of (d / D) ⁿ } may vary depending on the cumulative passage rate P (D) of the fine granular material in the granular material S. In this case, an exponential function U {(d / D) ⁿ } is obtained from a plurality of samples T of the granular material S, and the exponent n and the cumulative passage rate P (D) of the fine granular material in the granular material S are obtained. The relational expression R is detected, and the relational expression R is stored in the storage unit 16 of the computer 10. In step S106 of FIG. 2 or step S308 of FIG. 4, first, an exponent n is obtained from the accumulated passage rate P (D) of the fine granular material obtained by the computing means 22, and an exponential function U {(d / D) ⁿ } is obtained. Then, by substituting the cumulative passage rate P (D) of the fine granular material into the exponential function U {(d / D) ⁿ }, the particle size accumulation curve P (d ≦ D) of the fine granular material ). For example, in step S108 of FIG. 2, if the particle size accumulation curve P (d) over the entire particle size range as shown in FIG. 11 is created, the coarsest sample Tr and the finest sample are determined in the determination processing of steps S109 to 110. The particle size accumulation curves Pr (d) and Ps (d) of the particle sample Ts can be compared over the entire particle size range, and the particle size quality of the granular material S can be determined with high accuracy.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Collection place (natural ground) 2 ... Crushing device 3 ... Conveying device 4 ... Unloading device 5 ... Imaging device 6 ... Separation device 7a, 8a ... Weight measuring device 7b, 8b ... Water content measuring device 9 ... Volume measuring device 10 ... Computer 11 ... Input device 12 ... Output device 14 ... Input means 15 ... Output means 16 ... Storage means 17 ... Detection means 18 ... Calculation means 18a ... Granularity index calculation means 19 ... Measurement means 19a ... Granularity index conversion means 20 ... Create means DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 21 ... Judgment means 22 ... Calculation means 23 ... Relational expression setting means 24 ... Estimation means 30 ... Particle size test apparatus 31 ... Image analysis means 32 ... (Particle size accumulation curve) drawing means 33 ... Relational expression detection means 34 ... Volume measurement means 37 ... (particle diameter accumulation curve) creating means 38 ... estimating means 39 ... synthesizing means S ... granular material T ... granular material specimen Sj ... divided granular material group s ... granular material Gj ... unrolled image Ej ... ( Projected area P of the whole granular material (for each image) ... Accumulated passage rate, particle size accumulation curve I ... Granularity index Pj ... (per image) Accumulated passage rate Ij ... (per image) Particle size index d ... (granular) Particle size M ... weight Z ... moisture content

Claims (8)

The granular material S in which the granular materials having different particle diameters are mixed is divided into a plurality of portions, and a rolled-out image Gj of each divided granular material group is photographed. For each image Gj, the area e and the particle diameter d are determined from the outline of each granular material. The projected area Ej of the whole granular material is detected, and the cumulative passage rate Pj (di) of a predetermined particle diameter di is calculated from the particle diameter d of each granular material for each image Gj, and the projected area Ej for each image Gj. The cumulative passage rate P (di) of the predetermined particle size di of the granular material S before the division is measured by the area average value over the entire image of the cumulative passage rate Pj (di) of the predetermined particle size di weighted by A divided particle size measurement method for granular materials. The measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the divided granular material group is divided into granular materials by rolling out each divided granular material group to a constant surface density or a constant thickness. In the measuring method of Claim 1 or 2, the largest particle size in the said granular material S is measured, and each said division | segmentation granular material group is rolled out by the rectangular area which makes 1-3 times the length of the largest particle size one side. A divided particle size measurement method for granular materials. In the measuring method in any one of Claim 1 to 3, after measuring the weight and moisture content of the granular material S before and behind isolation | separation while isolate | separating the fine granular material less than the predetermined limit particle size D from the said granular material S, The said isolation | separation The granular material S of the granular material S is divided into a plurality of parts, and a rolled-out image Gj of each divided granular material group is photographed, and the accumulated passage rate P (D) of the fine granular material in the granular material S is measured from the measured values of the weight and moisture content. And the area average value over the entire image of the accumulation passage ratio Pj (di) of the predetermined particle diameter di weighted by the projected area Ej for each image Gj and the accumulation passage ratio P (D) of the fine granular material. A granular type particle size measurement method for a granular material obtained by measuring an accumulation passage rate P (di) of a predetermined particle size di of the granular material S before the division. 5. The measurement method according to claim 1, wherein instead of calculating the cumulative passage rate Pj (di) of the image Gj from the particle size d of each granular material for each image Gj, the granularity of the image Gj The area ratio (= Σe / Ej) of the granular material having a predetermined particle diameter di or more with respect to the projected area Ej of the entire material was calculated as the particle size index Ij (di) of the predetermined particle diameter di, and obtained from the sample T of the granular material S. Based on the relational expression between the particle size index I (di) of the predetermined particle size di and the accumulated passage rate P (di) of the granular material having the predetermined particle size di or less in the sample T, the projected area Ej for each image Gj The area average value I (di) over the entire image of the weighted particle size index Ij (di) of the predetermined particle size di is converted into an accumulation passage rate P (di) of the predetermined particle size di of the granular material S before the division. A divided particle size measuring method for a granular material. An imaging device that captures a rolled-out image Gj of each divided granular material group obtained by dividing a granular material S in which granular materials having different particle diameters are mixed, and an area e and a particle diameter d from the outline of each granular material for each image Gj. And a detecting means for detecting the projected area Ej of the entire granular material, a calculating means for calculating the cumulative passage rate Pj (di) of a predetermined particle diameter di from the particle diameter d of each granular material for each image Gj, and the image The accumulated passage rate P (di of the predetermined particle size di of the granular material S before the division is determined by the area average value over the entire image of the accumulated passage rate Pj (di) of the predetermined particle size di weighted by the projected area Ej for each Gj. ) Is a granular type particle size measurement system for granular materials. 7. The measurement system according to claim 6, wherein a separation device for separating a fine granular material having a particle diameter less than a predetermined limit particle diameter D from the granular material, a measuring instrument for measuring the weight and moisture content of the granular material before and after the separation, and the weight and moisture content. Calculating means for obtaining the cumulative passage rate P (D) of the fine granular material in the granular material from the measured value of the ratio, and adding the predetermined particle diameter di weighted by the projected area Ej for each image Gj by the measuring means. From the area average value over the entire image of the product passage rate Pj (di) and the accumulated passage rate P (D) of the fine granular material, the accumulated passage rate P (di) of the predetermined particle diameter di of the granular material before the division is obtained. A granular particle size measurement system for granular materials. The measurement system according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the calculation means replaces the calculation pass rate Pj (di) for each image Gj with a predetermined particle size with respect to the projected area Ej of the entire granular material for each image Gj. The area ratio (= Σe / Ej) of the granular material equal to or greater than di is calculated as the particle size index Ij (di) of the predetermined particle size di, and the particle size index I (di) of the predetermined particle size di obtained from the sample T of the granular material And a storage means for storing the cumulative passage rate P (di) of the granular material having a predetermined particle diameter di or less in the sample T, and a projected area for each image Gj by the measuring means based on the relational expression. The area average value I (di) over the entire image of the particle size index Ij (di) of the predetermined particle size di weighted by Ej is converted into the cumulative passage rate P (di) of the predetermined particle size di of the granular material S before the division. Of granular material Split-type particle size measurement system.