JP2012180312A - Raffaelea quercivora antiproliferative agent, and method for preventing japanese oak from withering - Google Patents
Raffaelea quercivora antiproliferative agent, and method for preventing japanese oak from withering Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012180312A JP2012180312A JP2011044988A JP2011044988A JP2012180312A JP 2012180312 A JP2012180312 A JP 2012180312A JP 2011044988 A JP2011044988 A JP 2011044988A JP 2011044988 A JP2011044988 A JP 2011044988A JP 2012180312 A JP2012180312 A JP 2012180312A
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- Prior art keywords
- oak
- injection
- tree
- growth
- fungus
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Abstract
Description
この発明は、ナラ菌増殖防止剤及びナラ枯れ防止方法に関し、さらに詳しくは、高い薬効及び注入成功率を維持しつつも注入時間を短縮できて優れた注入作業性を可能にするナラ菌増殖防止剤及びナラ枯れ防止方法に関する。 The present invention relates to an oak fungus growth inhibitor and an oak wilt prevention method, and more particularly, an oak fungus growth inhibitory agent that can shorten the infusion time and maintain excellent infusion workability while maintaining high efficacy and infusion success rate. The present invention relates to an agent and a method for preventing oak wilt.
特許文献１によると、１９８０年代末以降、日本各地でナラ類、シイ・カシ類の樹木の大量枯死が発生していた。この大量枯死の特徴は、樹幹に例えばカシノナガキクイムシ（Platypus quercivorus）などの甲虫が形成した穿孔を伴うことである。この大量枯死の現象は、森林・林業関係者の間で、「ナラ枯れ」、「ナラ類集団枯損」、「ナラ類集団枯死」などと称していた。この発明においては、これらのように称された現象を一括して「ナラ枯れ」と称する。 According to Patent Document 1, since the end of the 1980s, large numbers of Japanese oak and shrimp and oak trees have been killed. A feature of this mass death is that the trunk is accompanied by perforations formed by beetles such as Platypus quercivorus. This phenomenon of mass mortality has been referred to by forest and forestry officials as "deer wilt", "deer mortality", "deer mortality", and so on. In the present invention, the phenomenon referred to as such is collectively referred to as “deer withering”.
以前においては、「ナラ枯れ」は虫害であるとされてきた。が、近年の研究の成果により、「ナラ枯れ」の原因は、カシノナガキクイムシに共生するナラ菌であると明らかにされた。 In the past, “deer wilt” has been regarded as insect damage. However, the results of recent research have revealed that the cause of oak wilt is oak bacteria that coexist with the Platypus quercivorus.
現在においては、この「ナラ枯れ」を防止する方法として、樹幹に形成された穿孔に、ＮＣＳ剤を注入する方法が採用されている（非特許文献１の第２０頁参照）。このＮＣＳ剤は、カーバム剤とも称される。このＮＣＳ剤は、キュウリのネコブセンチュウ、スイカのネコブセンチュウ、大根のネグサレセンチュウなどの野菜、果樹などの白紋羽病などに有効な農薬である。 At present, as a method for preventing the “deer wilt”, a method of injecting an NCS agent into the borehole formed in the trunk is employed (see page 20 of Non-Patent Document 1). This NCS agent is also called a carbam agent. This NCS agent is an effective agricultural chemical for vegetables such as cucumber root-knot nematodes, watermelon root-knot nematodes, and radish root-knot nematodes, and white leaf blight of fruit trees and the like.
ナラ枯れに効果のある薬剤として、このＮＣＳ剤の他にベノミル剤を用いた樹幹注入剤として防除方法が報告されている（非特許文献２）。このベノミル剤は水分散性が悪く、このベノミル剤を樹幹注入するには、注入用にドリルなどを用いて新たに開けた穴に注入することができるように、ベノミル剤を固体粉末として懸濁含有する水和液を調製しなければならない。そうすると、ベノミル剤を懸濁する水和液を樹幹注入しても、前記穿孔内にベノミル剤の粉末が残留することになり、樹木の導管中を移動することにより、樹木中であって穿孔以外の部位に導管を通って移動したナラ菌をこのベノミル剤で完全に死滅させ、又は、その増殖を防止することが困難になる。 As a drug effective for oak wilt, a control method has been reported as a tree trunk injection agent using a benomyl agent in addition to this NCS agent (Non-patent Document 2). This benomyl agent is poorly water-dispersible, and in order to inject this benomyl agent into a trunk, the benomyl agent is suspended as a solid powder so that it can be injected into a newly drilled hole for injection. The containing hydration solution must be prepared. As a result, even if a hydrating liquid in which the benomyl agent is suspended is injected into the trunk, the powder of the benomyl agent remains in the perforations and moves in the conduits of the trees. It is difficult to completely kill or prevent the growth of oak fungi that have migrated through the conduit to this site.
このような課題、すなわち、「樹幹に形成された穿孔内に進入した害虫により持ち込まれて前記穿孔内に存在するナラ菌のみならず、穿孔内から導管を通って樹木中に存在するに到ったナラ菌の繁殖乃至増殖を有効に防止する」という課題を解決できる技術として、特許文献１には、「ステロール生合成阻害剤を含有することを特徴とするナラ菌増殖防止剤」（請求項１）、及び、「前記請求項１又は２に記載のナラ菌増殖防止剤を使用することを特徴とするナラ枯れ防止方法」（請求項３）が記載されている。 Such a problem, that is, “not only the larvae that are brought in by the pests that have entered the perforations formed in the trunk and are present in the perforations, but also are present in the trees through the conduits from within the perforations. As a technique that can solve the problem of effectively preventing the propagation or proliferation of oak fungus, Patent Document 1 discloses "a fungus growth inhibitor characterized by containing a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor" (claims). 1) and “a method for preventing oak wilt characterized by using the agent for preventing growth of oak fungus according to claim 1 or 2” (invention 3).
特許文献１のナラ菌増殖防止剤及びナラ枯れ防止方法は、ナラ菌の繁殖乃至増殖を有効に防止できるので、例えば森林管理に大きく貢献する。この特許文献１のナラ菌増殖防止剤及びナラ枯れ防止方法において、ナラ菌増殖防止剤の注入は、例えば、その試験例３（００３５欄）に記載されているように、「薬液１００ｍＬを充填したノズルつき透明プラスチックアンプル（容量２００ｍＬ）を差し込み、そのノズルつき透明プラスチックアンプルの最後部の上側に１ｍｍ程度の穴をあけることにより自然圧による注入」を行っている。このように多量の薬液を自然圧によって樹幹に注入するには、早くても１日、通常、数日から数週間を要する。したがって、実際の生木に対する薬液の注入作業は、注入作業に加えて後日改めて「ノズルつき透明プラスチックアンプル」などを回収する回収作業が必要であった。 Since the oak growth inhibitor and the oak wilt prevention method of Patent Document 1 can effectively prevent the growth or growth of oak fungus, it greatly contributes to, for example, forest management. In this method for preventing the growth of Japanese oak bacteria and the method for preventing oak wilt, the injection of an oak fungus growth inhibitor is, for example, as described in Test Example 3 (column 0035), “100 mL of a chemical solution is filled. A transparent plastic ampule with a nozzle (capacity 200 mL) is inserted, and a hole of about 1 mm is formed on the upper side of the rearmost portion of the transparent plastic ampule with a nozzle to perform “injection by natural pressure”. Injecting such a large amount of chemical into a tree trunk by natural pressure requires at most one day, usually several days to several weeks. Therefore, in addition to the injection operation, the operation of injecting the chemical solution to the actual raw tree requires a recovery operation of recovering “transparent plastic ampule with nozzle” and the like at a later date.
この発明は、高い薬効及び注入成功率を維持しつつも注入時間を短縮できて優れた注入作業性を可能にするナラ菌増殖防止剤及びナラ枯れ防止方法を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide an oak fungus growth inhibitor and an oak wilt prevention method capable of shortening the injection time and allowing excellent injection workability while maintaining high drug efficacy and injection success rate.
前記課題を解決するための手段として、
請求項１は、全質量に対して、１０００〜２５００００ｐｐｍのナラ菌に対して殺菌活性を有する殺菌成分と、１０〜９９．８質量％の低級アルコールと、０．１〜１０質量％のシリコーン系界面活性剤とを含有するナラ菌増殖防止剤であり、
請求項２は、前記低級アルコールは炭素数１〜４のアルコールを含む請求項１に記載のナラ菌増殖防止剤であり、
請求項３は、前記低級アルコールはモノアルコールを含む請求項１又は２に記載のナラ菌増殖防止剤であり、
請求項４は、前記シリコーン系界面活性剤はポリエーテル変性シリコーン系界面活性剤を含む請求項１〜３のいずれか１項に記載のナラ菌増殖防止剤であり、
請求項５は、請求項１〜４のいずれか１項に記載のナラ菌増殖防止剤を樹体内に注入するナラ枯れ防止方法であり、
請求項６は、前記樹体に穿孔された注入孔１個当たり０．１〜５．０ｍＬの前記ナラ菌増殖防止剤を注入する請求項５に記載のナラ枯れ防止方法である。
As means for solving the problems,
Claim 1 is based on the total mass, bactericidal components having bactericidal activity against 1000-250,000 ppm of oak bacteria, 10-99.8% by weight lower alcohol, and 0.1-10% by weight silicone system An agent for preventing growth of oak fungus containing a surfactant,
Claim 2 is the oak fungus growth inhibitor according to claim 1, wherein the lower alcohol contains an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
The third aspect of the present invention is the agent for preventing the growth of arabe bacteria according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lower alcohol contains a monoalcohol.
The fourth aspect of the present invention relates to the agent for preventing growth of arabe bacteria according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the silicone-based surfactant includes a polyether-modified silicone-based surfactant.
Claim 5 is a method for preventing oak wilt by injecting the oak growth inhibitor according to any one of claims 1 to 4 into a tree.
Claim 6 is the method for preventing oak wilt according to claim 5, wherein 0.1 to 5.0 mL of the agent for preventing growth of oak fungus is injected per injection hole drilled in the tree body.
この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤は、全質量に対して、１０００〜２５００００ｐｐｍのナラ菌に対して殺菌活性を有する殺菌成分と、１０〜９９．８質量％の低級アルコールと、０．１〜１０質量％のシリコーン系界面活性剤とを含有している。また、この発明に係るナラ枯れ防止方法はこの発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤を樹体内に注入する。そして、この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤が樹体に少量注入されれば高濃度の前記殺菌成分を樹体に速やかに浸透させてこの殺菌成分の効能を十分に発揮させることができる。 The agent for preventing growth of arabe according to the present invention comprises a bactericidal component having bactericidal activity against 1000-250,000 ppm of larvae, 10-99.8% by weight of a lower alcohol, and 0.1 to 10% by mass of a silicone-based surfactant. The method for preventing oak wilt according to the present invention injects the agent for preventing growth of oak fungus according to the present invention into a tree. If a small amount of the agent for preventing growth of the oak fungus according to the present invention is injected into the tree body, the sterilizing component having a high concentration can be rapidly infiltrated into the tree body to fully exert the effect of the sterilizing component.
したがって、この発明によれば、高い薬効及び注入成功率を維持しつつも注入時間を短縮できて優れた注入作業性を可能にするナラ菌増殖防止剤及びナラ枯れ防止方法を提供することができる。 Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an oak fungus growth inhibitor and an oak wilt prevention method capable of shortening the injection time and enabling excellent injection workability while maintaining high drug efficacy and injection success rate. .
この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤は、ナラ菌に対して殺菌活性を有する殺菌成分と低級アルコールとシリコーン系界面活性剤とを含有している。この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤はナラ菌に対して殺菌活性を有する殺菌成分と低級アルコールとシリコーン系界面活性剤とを含有し、ナラ菌の繁殖又は増殖を防止する薬剤組成物と称することができる。 The agent for preventing growth of oak fungus according to the present invention contains a bactericidal component having a bactericidal activity against oak fungus, a lower alcohol, and a silicone surfactant. The agent for inhibiting the growth of oak fungus according to the present invention comprises a bactericidal component having fungicidal activity against oak fungus, a lower alcohol, and a silicone surfactant, and is referred to as a pharmaceutical composition that prevents the growth or growth of oak fungus. Can do.
前記殺菌成分は、ナラ菌に対して殺菌活性を有する成分、換言すると、ナラ菌の繁殖又は増殖を防止する活性を持つ成分であれば特に限定されず、例えば、ステロール生合成阻害剤、ベンズイミダゾール系薬剤、各種抗生物質、メトキシアクリレート系薬剤、その他の薬剤などが挙げられる。したがって、この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤は、殺菌成分として、ステロール生合成阻害剤、ベンズイミダゾール系薬剤、各種抗生物質、メトキシアクリレート系薬剤及びその他の薬剤から成る群より選択される少なくとも１種を含んでいるのが好ましい。 The bactericidal component is not particularly limited as long as it is a component having a bactericidal activity against oak fungus, in other words, a component having an activity of preventing the propagation or growth of oak fungus, for example, sterol biosynthesis inhibitor, benzimidazole System drugs, various antibiotics, methoxy acrylate drugs, and other drugs. Accordingly, the agent for preventing growth of arabe according to the present invention is at least one selected from the group consisting of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, benzimidazole drugs, various antibiotics, methoxyacrylate drugs, and other drugs as bactericidal components. Is preferably included.
ステロール生合成は、生体内で、酢酸からメバロン酸、スクワレンなどを経てステロールを合成するプロセスである。このステロール生合成の反応経路におけるいずれかの反応を特異的に阻害する一連の化合物群がステロール生合成阻害剤と称される。このステロール阻害剤は、またエルゴステロール阻害剤とも称される。このステロール生合成阻害剤は、子のう菌類、担子菌類、不完全菌類などに有効な阻害作用を有することが知られているが、糸状菌の一種であるナラ菌の繁殖乃至増殖を有効に阻害する作用を有することは、驚異的である。糸状菌は体内でエルゴステロール又はその類縁化合物であるステロールを合成する。ステロールは糸状菌の体内における生体膜のリン脂質の二重層の間に存在、細胞膜の強度、透過性、各種の膜酵素の機能に重要な影響を与えている。したがって、ステロール生合成阻害剤は、糸状菌に作用する結果、糸状菌の細胞膜強度を著しく低下させて糸条菌の生存を妨げる作用を有するものと、考えられる。 Sterol biosynthesis is a process of synthesizing sterol from acetic acid through mevalonic acid, squalene, etc. in vivo. A group of compounds that specifically inhibit any reaction in the reaction pathway of sterol biosynthesis is referred to as a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor. This sterol inhibitor is also referred to as an ergosterol inhibitor. This sterol biosynthesis inhibitor is known to have an effective inhibitory action against ascomycetous fungi, basidiomycetes, incomplete fungi, etc., but effectively promotes the propagation or growth of oak fungus, a type of filamentous fungus. Having an inhibitory effect is surprising. Filamentous fungi synthesize ergosterol or its related compound sterol in the body. Sterols are present between the phospholipid bilayers of biological membranes in the body of filamentous fungi, and have important effects on cell membrane strength, permeability, and functions of various membrane enzymes. Therefore, it is considered that the sterol biosynthesis inhibitor acts on filamentous fungi, and as a result, has an action of significantly reducing the cell membrane strength of the filamentous fungi and preventing the survival of filamentous fungi.
前記ステロール生合成阻害剤としては、トリアゾール系ステロール生合成阻害剤、イミダゾール系ステロール生合成阻害剤、ピリミジン系ステロール生合成阻害剤、ピペラジン系ステロール生合成阻害剤、モルフォリン系ステロール生合成阻害剤などを挙げることができる。具体的には、このステロール生合成阻害剤として、トリフミゾール、プロクロラズ、ペフラゾエート、フェナリモル、トリホリン、トリアジメホン、ビテルタール、フェンブコナゾール、シクロブタニル、ヘキサコナゾール、テブコナゾール、プロピコナゾ-ル、ジフェノコナゾール、イプコナゾール、イミベンコナゾール、シプロコナゾール、テトラコナゾール及びシメコナゾールなどを挙げることができる。これらの中でも、トリホリン、ビテルタール、フェンブコナゾール、シクロブタニル、テブコナゾール、テトラコナゾールよりなる群から選択される一種を好適に挙げることができる。 Examples of the sterol biosynthesis inhibitors include triazole sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, imidazole sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, pyrimidine sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, piperazine sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, morpholine sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, and the like. Can be mentioned. Specifically, as this sterol biosynthesis inhibitor, trifumizole, prochloraz, pefazoate, phenalimol, trifolin, triadimephone, viteltal, fenbuconazole, cyclobutanyl, hexaconazole, tebuconazole, propiconazol, difenoconazole, ipconazole, imibenconazole Cyproconazole, tetraconazole, and cimeconazole. Among these, one selected from the group consisting of trifolin, viteltal, fenbuconazole, cyclobutanyl, tebuconazole, and tetraconazole can be preferably exemplified.
ベンズイミダゾール系薬剤としては、例えば、ベノミル、チオファネートメチル、チアベンタゾール及びジエトフェンカルブなどが挙げられる。 Examples of benzimidazole drugs include benomyl, thiophanate methyl, thiabentazole, and dietofencarb.
前記抗生物質としては、例えば、バリダマイシン、ポリオキシン、カスガマイシン、ストレプトマイシン、オキシテトラサイクリン及びミルディオマイシンなどが挙げられる。 Examples of the antibiotic include validamycin, polyoxin, kasugamycin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, and miridomycin.
前記メトキシアクリレート系薬剤としては、例えば、アゾキシストロビン、クレソキシムメチル、トリフロキシストロビン、メトミノミノストロビン及びファモキサドンなどが挙げられる。 Examples of the methoxy acrylate drug include azoxystrobin, cresoxime methyl, trifloxystrobin, metminominostrobin, and famoxadone.
前記その他の薬剤としては、例えば、イミノクタジン酢酸塩、イミノクタジンアルベシル酸塩、クロロタロニル、キャプタン、トリアジン及びフェンヘキサミドなどが挙げられる。 Examples of the other drugs include iminoctadine acetate, iminotazine albesylate, chlorothalonil, captan, triazine, phenhexamide, and the like.
この殺菌成分は、使用目的、注入対象樹木などに応じて適宜の成分が選択されるが、液状の殺菌成分を含有するこの発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤は極めて速やかに樹木に浸透すなわち吸収されるので、浸透時間の短縮に特に着目するのであればこの発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤に含有される殺菌成分は液状であるのが好ましい。 As this sterilizing component, an appropriate component is selected according to the purpose of use, the tree to be injected, etc., but the oak growth inhibitor according to the present invention containing a liquid sterilizing component penetrates or is absorbed into the tree very quickly. Therefore, if paying particular attention to shortening the permeation time, it is preferable that the bactericidal component contained in the agent for preventing growth of arabe according to the present invention is liquid.
この殺菌成分は、この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤の全質量に対して１０００〜２５００００ｐｐｍの質量割合で含有されている。この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤は速やかに樹体内に浸透するから殺菌成分を前記範囲の高濃度で含有することができる。この発明において、ナラ菌増殖防止剤中の殺菌成分の含有率が１０００ｐｐｍ未満であると殺菌成分の薬効が十分に発揮されない場合があり、一方、２５００００ｐｐｍを越えると注入対象木に縮葉、落葉、注入部の癒合阻害などの薬害が発生する場合がある。この発明において、効果、薬害、注入量の削減の観点から、ナラ菌増殖防止剤中の殺菌成分の含有率は、ナラ菌増殖防止剤の全質量に対して１０００００〜２５００００ｐｐｍであるのが好ましく、１５００００〜２０００００ｐｐｍであるのが特に好ましい。 This bactericidal component is contained in a mass ratio of 1000 to 250,000 ppm with respect to the total mass of the agent for inhibiting the growth of oak fungus according to the present invention. Since the oak growth inhibitor according to the present invention quickly penetrates into the tree, it can contain a bactericidal component at a high concentration within the above range. In the present invention, if the content of the bactericidal component in the agent for preventing growth of oak fungus is less than 1000 ppm, the medicinal effect of the bactericidal component may not be sufficiently exerted. Drug damage such as inhibition of fusion at the injection site may occur. In the present invention, from the viewpoint of effect, phytotoxicity, and reduction of the injection amount, the content of the bactericidal component in the oak growth inhibitor is preferably 100,000 to 250,000 ppm with respect to the total mass of the oak growth inhibitor, It is particularly preferably 150,000 to 200,000 ppm.
この殺菌成分として殺菌成分を含有する市販の薬剤を用いる場合には、薬剤中の殺菌成分の濃度を考慮して殺菌成分のナラ菌増殖防止剤中の含有率が前記範囲内になるように、市販の薬剤の使用量すなわち含有率が決定される。例えば、市販の薬剤は、ナラ菌増殖防止剤の全質量に対して０．１〜９０質量％、好ましくは１０〜８０質量％の含有率で、低級アルコール及びシリコーン系界面活性剤と混合される。 When using a commercially available drug containing a bactericidal component as the bactericidal component, considering the concentration of the bactericidal component in the drug, the content of the bactericidal component in the growth inhibitor of the fungus is within the above range, The amount of use or content of the commercially available drug is determined. For example, the commercially available drug is mixed with the lower alcohol and the silicone surfactant at a content of 0.1 to 90% by mass, preferably 10 to 80% by mass, based on the total mass of the growth inhibitor of oak fungus. .
低級アルコールは、炭素数が１〜４のアルコールであるのが好ましく、炭素数が１〜４の脂肪族アルコールであるのがさらに好ましく、樹体内への浸透速度が速い点で炭素数が１〜４の脂肪族モノアルコールであるのが特に好ましい。したがって、この発明において、低級アルコールは、好ましくは炭素数が１〜４のアルコールを含んでおり、さらに好ましくは炭素数が１〜４の脂肪族アルコールを含んでおり、樹体内への浸透速度が速い点で特に好ましくは炭素数が１〜４の脂肪族モノアルコールを含んでいる。炭素数が１〜４のアルコールとしては、具体的には、メチルアルコール、エチルアルコール、ｎ−プロピルアルコール、ｉｓｏ−プロピルアルコール、ｎ−ブチルアルコール、ｓｅｃ−ブチルアルコール、ｉｓｏ−ブチルアルコール、ｔｅｒｔ−ブチルアルコールが挙げられる。炭素数が１〜４のアルコールは、樹体内への浸透速度が速い点で、メチルアルコール、エチルアルコールであるのが好ましく、エチルアルコールが特に好ましい。すなわち、この発明において、低級アルコールは、メチルアルコール、エチルアルコールを含むのが好ましく、エチルアルコールを含むのが特に好ましい。 The lower alcohol is preferably an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably an aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and 1 to 1 carbon atoms in that the penetration rate into the tree is fast. 4 aliphatic monoalcohols are particularly preferred. Therefore, in this invention, the lower alcohol preferably contains an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably an aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and has a penetration rate into the tree. From the standpoint of rapidity, an aliphatic monoalcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is particularly preferred. Specific examples of the alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, iso-propyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, iso-butyl alcohol, and tert-butyl. Examples include alcohol. The alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferably methyl alcohol or ethyl alcohol, and particularly preferably ethyl alcohol in terms of a high penetration rate into the tree. That is, in this invention, the lower alcohol preferably contains methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol, and particularly preferably contains ethyl alcohol.
この低級アルコールは、この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤の全質量に対して１０〜９９．８質量％の割合で含有されている。この発明において、ナラ菌増殖防止剤中の低級アルコールの含有率が１０質量％未満であるとナラ菌増殖防止剤の注入速度すなわち浸透速度を十分に改善できない場合があり、一方、９９．８質量％を越えると殺菌成分と同様に注入対象木に縮葉、落葉、注入部の癒合阻害などの薬害が発生する場合がある。この発明において、ナラ菌増殖防止剤中の低級アルコールの含有率は、注入速度の向上及び注入対象木への安全性の観点から、ナラ菌増殖防止剤の全質量に対して１０〜５０質量％であるのが好ましく、１０〜２０質量％であるのが特に好ましい。 This lower alcohol is contained in a ratio of 10 to 99.8% by mass with respect to the total mass of the agent for inhibiting growth of oak fungus according to the present invention. In this invention, if the content of the lower alcohol in the growth inhibitor of oak fungus is less than 10% by mass, the injection rate of the oak fungus growth inhibitor, that is, the penetration rate may not be sufficiently improved. If it exceeds%, phytotoxicity such as shrinkage, fallen leaves, and inhibition of fusion at the injection site may occur in the injection target tree as in the case of the sterilizing component. In the present invention, the content of the lower alcohol in the growth inhibitor of oak fungus is 10 to 50% by mass with respect to the total mass of the oak fungus growth inhibitor from the viewpoint of improving the injection rate and safety to the injection target tree. It is preferable that it is 10-20 mass% especially.
シリコーン系界面活性剤は、特に限定されないが、水に溶解しやすく樹体内への浸透速度が速い点で親水性のシリコーン系界面活性剤であるのが好ましい。したがって、この発明において、シリコーン系界面活性剤は親水性のシリコーン系界面活性剤を含んでいるのが好ましい。親水性のシリコーン系界面活性剤としては、例えば、アミン変性シリコーン系界面活性剤、ポリエーテル変性シリコーン系界面活性剤などが好適に挙げられ、浸透速度に加えて取扱性にも優れ、この発明の目的をよく達成できる点で、ポリエーテル変性シリコーン系界面活性剤が特に好適に挙げられる。アミン変性シリコーン系界面活性剤は、主鎖又は側鎖がアミン化合物で変性されたシリコーン系界面活性剤であり、例えば、モノアミン、ジアミン、特殊アミンなどのアミン化合物で変性されたシリコーン系界面活性剤などが挙げられる。また、ポリエーテル変性シリコーン系界面活性剤は、主鎖又は側鎖がポリエーテルで変性されたシリコーン系界面活性剤であり、例えば、アラルキル、フロロアルキル、長鎖アルキル、高級脂肪酸エステル、高級脂肪酸アミド、ポリエーテル・長鎖アルキル・アラルキル、長鎖アルキル・アラルキル、フェニルで変性されたシリコーン系界面活性剤などが挙げられる。 The silicone-based surfactant is not particularly limited, but is preferably a hydrophilic silicone-based surfactant because it is easily dissolved in water and has a high penetration rate into the tree. Therefore, in this invention, it is preferable that the silicone surfactant contains a hydrophilic silicone surfactant. As the hydrophilic silicone surfactant, for example, an amine-modified silicone surfactant, a polyether-modified silicone surfactant and the like are preferably mentioned. In addition to the permeation rate, the handling property is excellent. A polyether-modified silicone surfactant is particularly preferable because it can achieve the object well. The amine-modified silicone surfactant is a silicone surfactant whose main chain or side chain is modified with an amine compound, for example, a silicone surfactant modified with an amine compound such as monoamine, diamine, or special amine. Etc. The polyether-modified silicone surfactant is a silicone surfactant whose main chain or side chain is modified with a polyether, such as aralkyl, fluoroalkyl, long-chain alkyl, higher fatty acid ester, higher fatty acid amide. And polyether / long-chain alkyl / aralkyl, long-chain alkyl / aralkyl, and silicone-based surfactants modified with phenyl.
このようなアミン変性シリコーン系界面活性剤としては、具体的には、モノアミン変性シリコーン系界面活性剤（商品名「ＫＦ−８６８」、信越化学工業株式会社製）、モノアミン変性シリコーン系界面活性剤（商品名「ＫＦ−８６５」、信越化学工業株式会社製）およびジアミン変性シリコーン系界面活性剤（商品名「ＫＦ−８５９」、信越化学工業株式会社製）などが挙げられる。また、ポリエーテル変性シリコーン系界面活性剤としては、具体的には、ポリエーテル変性シリコーンオイル（商品名「Ｘ−２２−４５１５」、ＨＬＢ５、信越化学工業株式会社製）、ポリエーテル変性シリコーンオイル（商品名「ＫＦ−３５３」、ＨＬＢ１０、信越化学工業株式会社製）、ポリエーテル変性シリコーンオイル（商品名「ＫＦ−６４２」、ＨＬＢ１２、信越化学工業株式会社製）、ポリエーテル変性シリコーンオイル（商品名「ＫＦ−６４０」、ＨＬＢ１４、信越化学工業株式会社製）、ポリエーテル変性シリコーンオイル（商品名「ＫＦ−３５４Ｌ」、ＨＬＢ１６、信越化学工業株式会社製）などが挙げられる。 As such an amine-modified silicone surfactant, specifically, a monoamine-modified silicone surfactant (trade name “KF-868”, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), a monoamine-modified silicone surfactant ( Examples include trade name “KF-865”, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) and diamine-modified silicone surfactant (trade name “KF-859”, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.). Specific examples of polyether-modified silicone surfactants include polyether-modified silicone oil (trade name “X-22-4515”, HLB5, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), polyether-modified silicone oil ( Trade name “KF-353”, HLB10, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., polyether-modified silicone oil (trade name “KF-642”, HLB12, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), polyether-modified silicone oil (trade name) “KF-640”, HLB14, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), polyether-modified silicone oil (trade name “KF-354L”, HLB16, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), and the like.
この発明において、親水性のシリコーン系界面活性剤は、例えば、ＨＬＢが５〜２０、好ましくは１２以上のシリコーン系界面活性剤と別言することもできる。ここで、ＨＬＢは、親水親油バランスとも称され、グリフィン法によって測定される値である。 In the present invention, the hydrophilic silicone surfactant may be referred to as a silicone surfactant having an HLB of 5 to 20, preferably 12 or more. Here, HLB is also referred to as hydrophilic / lipophilic balance, and is a value measured by the Griffin method.
シリコーン系界面活性剤は、この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤の全質量に対して０．１〜１０質量％の割合で含有されている。この発明において、ナラ菌増殖防止剤中のシリコーン系界面活性剤の含有率が０．１質量％未満であるとナラ菌増殖防止剤の注入速度すなわち浸透速度を十分に改善できない場合があり、一方、１０質量％を越えると殺菌成分と同様に注入対象木に縮葉、落葉、注入部の癒合阻害などの薬害が発生する場合がある。この発明において、ナラ菌増殖防止剤中のシリコーン系界面活性剤の含有率は、注入速度の向上及び注入対象木への安全性の観点から、ナラ菌増殖防止剤の全質量に対して０．５〜５質量％であるのが好ましく、０．５〜２質量％であるのが特に好ましい。 The silicone-based surfactant is contained at a ratio of 0.1 to 10% by mass with respect to the total mass of the growth inhibitor of oak fungus according to the present invention. In this invention, when the content of the silicone surfactant in the oak growth inhibitor is less than 0.1% by mass, the injection rate of the oak growth inhibitor, that is, the penetration rate may not be sufficiently improved, If it exceeds 10% by mass, phytotoxicity such as shrinkage, fallen leaves, and inhibition of fusion at the injection site may occur in the injection target tree as in the case of the sterilizing component. In the present invention, the content of the silicone surfactant in the oak growth inhibitor is 0. 0% relative to the total mass of the oak growth inhibitor from the viewpoint of improving the injection rate and safety to the injection target tree. It is preferably 5 to 5% by mass, particularly preferably 0.5 to 2% by mass.
この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤は、殺菌成分、低級アルコール及びシリコーン系界面活性剤の外に、必要に応じて、安定剤、ｐＨ調整剤、被膜形成剤、水、シリコーン系界面活性剤以外の界面活性剤、低級アルコール以外の溶剤などを含有していてもよい。必要に応じて含有される成分は、この成分、殺菌成分、低級アルコール及びシリコーン系界面活性剤の合計が１００質量％となる割合で、含有される。 In addition to bactericidal components, lower alcohols and silicone surfactants, oak growth inhibitors according to the present invention, if necessary, other than stabilizers, pH adjusters, film forming agents, water, and silicone surfactants These surfactants and solvents other than lower alcohols may be contained. The component contained as needed is contained in such a proportion that the total of this component, the bactericidal component, the lower alcohol and the silicone surfactant is 100% by mass.
安定剤は、この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤に含まれていると製剤の安定性及び分散性を保持することができるので、好適に含有される。安定剤としては、例えば、ＢＨＴ、ＤＢＨＱ、トコフェロールなどの酸化防止剤が主として挙げられる。 The stabilizer is preferably contained because it can maintain the stability and dispersibility of the preparation when it is contained in the agent for preventing the growth of larvae according to the present invention. Examples of the stabilizer mainly include antioxidants such as BHT, DBHQ, and tocopherol.
前記ｐＨ調整剤としては、例えば、酸、アルカリ及びその塩などが挙げられ、前記被膜形成剤としては、例えば、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリ酢酸ビニル樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂などが挙げられる。 Examples of the pH adjuster include acids, alkalis and salts thereof, and examples of the film forming agent include polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate resin, and polyurethane resin.
シリコーン系界面活性剤以外の界面活性剤は、ノニオン系界面活性剤、アニオン系界面活性剤及びカチオン系界面活性剤などを挙げることができる。前記ノニオン系界面活性剤としては、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアリルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレン脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレン硬化ヒマシ油エーテルなどが挙げられる。前記アニオン系界面活性剤としては、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、アルキル硫酸エステル塩、ジアルキルスルホコハク酸、高級脂肪酸塩などを挙げることができる。カチオン系界面活性剤としては、アルキルアミン類、第４級アンモニウム塩、アルキルピリジニウム塩などを挙げることができる。 Examples of surfactants other than silicone surfactants include nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, and cationic surfactants. Examples of the nonionic surfactant include polyoxyethylene alkyl allyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil ether, and the like. Examples of the anionic surfactant include alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfate ester salt, dialkyl sulfosuccinic acid, and higher fatty acid salt. Examples of the cationic surfactant include alkyl amines, quaternary ammonium salts, and alkyl pyridinium salts.
低級アルコール以外の溶剤としては、殺菌成分を溶解することができる限り特に制限がなく、親水性溶剤であっても親油性溶剤であってもよい。 The solvent other than the lower alcohol is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the sterilizing component, and may be a hydrophilic solvent or a lipophilic solvent.
親水性溶剤すなわち水と混和する溶剤としては、例えば、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール及びジエチレングリコールなどのグリコール類、前記グリコール類のエステル類及び前記グリコール類のエーテル類、前記グリコール類の誘導体、前記グリコール類のエステル類の誘導体、前記グリコール類のエーテル類の誘導体、シクロヘキサノン、アセトン及びメチルエチルケトンなどのケトン類、酢酸エチル及び酢酸ブチルなどのカルボン酸エステル類、ジメチルスルホキシドなどのスルホキシド類、グリセリン、グリセリンのエステル誘導体、グリセリンのエーテル誘導体、Ｎ−メチルピロリドンなどのピロリドン類、アセトニトリルなどのニトリル類、テトラヒドロフラン及びジオキサンなどの環状エーテル類などを挙げることができる。 Examples of the hydrophilic solvent, that is, a solvent miscible with water include glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and diethylene glycol, esters of the glycols and ethers of the glycols, derivatives of the glycols, and derivatives of the glycols. Derivatives of esters, derivatives of ethers of the glycols, ketones such as cyclohexanone, acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, carboxylic acid esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, ester derivatives of glycerin and glycerin, List glycerol ether derivatives, pyrrolidones such as N-methylpyrrolidone, nitriles such as acetonitrile, cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, etc. It can be.
親油性溶剤としては、例えば、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン及びベンジルアルコールなどの芳香族化合物、へキサンなどの環状脂肪族炭化水素、パラフィン系、ケトン系、エステル系、グリコール系などの高沸点溶剤、菜種油、大豆油、オリーブ油、魚油、肝油、ラノリンのような動植物性油脂、オレイン酸、ラノリン酸、及びパルミチン酸などの脂肪酸、前記脂肪酸の誘導体などを挙げることができる。 Examples of the lipophilic solvent include aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, xylene and benzyl alcohol, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, paraffinic, ketone-based, ester-based and high-boiling solvents such as glycol-based, rapeseed oil. And fatty acids such as soybean oil, olive oil, fish oil, liver oil, and lanolin, fatty acids such as oleic acid, lanolinic acid, and palmitic acid, and derivatives of the fatty acids.
この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤は、全質量に対して１０〜９９．８質量％の低級アルコールと全質量に対して０．１〜１０質量％のシリコーン系界面活性剤と全質量に対して１０００〜２５００００ｐｐｍの高濃度で殺菌成分を含有する原液の形態であってもよく、また、殺菌成分、低級アルコール及びシリコーン系界面活性剤それぞれが全質量に対して前記含有率となるように適宜に希釈された希釈溶液であってもよい。すなわち、この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤は、原液として存在し、またその原液を希釈してなる希溶液として存在することができる。さらに、この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤は、乳剤、フロアブル、マイクロエマルション、エマルションオイルインウォータ、サスポエマルションの形態であってもよい。この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤は、現場での取扱性及び施行容易性の点で、これらの中でも原液又は希釈溶液の形態が好ましい。 The agent for preventing growth of arabe bacteria according to the present invention comprises 10 to 99.8% by mass of a lower alcohol and 0.1 to 10% by mass of a silicone-based surfactant based on the total mass and the total mass. May be in the form of a stock solution containing a sterilizing component at a high concentration of 1000 to 250,000 ppm, and the sterilizing component, lower alcohol and silicone surfactant are appropriately selected so as to have the above-mentioned content with respect to the total mass. It may be a diluted solution. That is, the agent for preventing growth of arabe according to the present invention exists as a stock solution, and can exist as a dilute solution obtained by diluting the stock solution. Furthermore, the agent for preventing growth of oak fungus according to the present invention may be in the form of an emulsion, flowable, microemulsion, emulsion oil in water, or suspoemulsion. Among these, the agent for preventing growth of arabe bacteria according to the present invention is preferably in the form of an undiluted solution or a diluted solution, from the viewpoint of handling on site and ease of implementation.
この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤は、液状の形態である場合に原液のまま使用されることができ、また所定の割合に希釈された希釈液又は水和剤として使用されることもできる。 The oak growth inhibitor according to the present invention can be used as a stock solution when it is in a liquid form, or can be used as a diluted solution or wettable powder diluted to a predetermined ratio.
この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤は、液状の形態である場合に、樹木に対して、散布、塗布、株元施用、潅注処理、樹幹注入などにより投与されることができる。この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤を樹木に対してどのように投与するかは、使用状況に応じて、又は、樹木の状態に応じて適宜に決定することができる。 In the case of a liquid form, the agent for preventing growth of oak fungus according to the present invention can be administered to a tree by spraying, coating, stock application, irrigation treatment, trunk injection, or the like. How to administer the oak growth inhibitor according to the present invention to a tree can be appropriately determined according to the state of use or according to the state of the tree.
この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤の好適な投与方法つまり使用方法としては、ドリルなどを用いて樹木に開けた注入用の穴（以下、注入穴と称することがある。）に、又は、カシノナガキクイムシが樹木に開穿した穿孔に、すなわち樹体内に、この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤を注入する方法が挙げられる。このようにこの発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤を注入穴又は穿孔に注入すると、カシノナガキクイムシに共生するナラ菌が穿孔内に存在していても導管を経由して樹木中に存在していても、このナラ菌の繁殖又は増殖を防止してナラ菌を殺菌できる。このとき樹木に開けられる注入穴数は、樹木の胸高直径を基準にして決定される樹木１本当りの注入量及び注入穴１つ当りの注入量に応じて適宜に設定され、例えば、胸高直径２０〜５０ｃｍの樹木１本当りの注入穴数は５〜１６個とされる。注入穴は、通常、投与する樹木の根元又は地表から１０〜５０ｃｍまでの高さに穿孔され、その直径、深さ及び穿孔角度についてはこの発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤を注入できる程度に適宜に設定され、例えば、直径は２〜１０ｍｍ、深さは１〜１０ｃｍ、穿孔角度は水平面に対して３０〜６０°に設定される。 As a preferable administration method, that is, a usage method, of the agent for inhibiting growth of arabe fungus according to the present invention, an injection hole (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an injection hole) drilled in a tree using a drill or the like, or a casino An example is a method in which the agent for preventing growth of the oak fungus according to the present invention is injected into a perforation opened by a bark beetle, that is, into the body of the tree. Thus, when the oak growth inhibitor according to the present invention is injected into the injection hole or perforation, the oak symbiosis with the Platypus quercivorus is present in the tree via the conduit even if it exists in the perforation. However, it is possible to sterilize oak bacteria by preventing the propagation or proliferation of these oak bacteria. At this time, the number of injection holes opened in the tree is appropriately set according to the injection amount per tree and the injection amount per injection hole determined based on the breast height diameter of the tree. The number of injection holes per 20-50 cm tree is 5-16. The injection hole is usually drilled at a height of 10 to 50 cm from the root or the surface of the tree to be administered, and the diameter, depth and drilling angle are appropriately set to such an extent that the agent for preventing growth of the oak fungus according to the present invention can be injected. For example, the diameter is set to 2 to 10 mm, the depth is set to 1 to 10 cm, and the drilling angle is set to 30 to 60 ° with respect to the horizontal plane.
いずれの形態により、また、どのような施用態様であれ、この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤は、樹木の胸高直径を基準にして投与量すなわち注入量が決定され、例えば、胸高直径が２０〜５０ｃｍの樹木の場合には、この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤中の殺菌成分が投与対象又は注入対象となる樹木１本当り２．５〜２０００ｍｇとなるように、投与されるのが好ましい。この場合は、注入穴数は５〜１６個に設定されるので、注入穴１個当りの注入量は０．５〜１２５ｍｇとなり、１０〜１００ｍｇとするのが好ましい。このとき１注入穴当りの投与量は極めて少量の０．１〜５．０ｍＬとなる。 Regardless of the form and in any application mode, the dose of the oak fungus growth inhibitor according to the present invention is determined on the basis of the breast height diameter of the tree, for example, the breast height diameter is 20 to In the case of a 50 cm tree, it is preferably administered so that the bactericidal component in the agent for preventing growth of oak according to the present invention is 2.5 to 2000 mg per tree to be administered or injected. In this case, since the number of injection holes is set to 5 to 16, the injection amount per injection hole is 0.5 to 125 mg, preferably 10 to 100 mg. At this time, the dose per injection hole is 0.1 to 5.0 mL, which is a very small amount.
この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤を適用することによりナラ枯れを有効に防止することのできる樹木としては、例えば、ウバメガシ、クヌギ、アベマキ、カシワ、ミズナラ、コナラ、イチイガシ、アカガシ、アラカシ、ウラジロガシ、シラカシなどのコナラ属、クリなどのクリ属、スダジイ、ツブラジイなどのシイ属、マテバシイなどのマテバシイ属の樹木を挙げることができる。 Examples of trees that can effectively prevent oak wilt by applying the agent for inhibiting growth of oaks according to the present invention include, for example, Umegamegashi, Kunugi, Abemaki, Kashiwa, Mizunara, Konara, Ichigashi, Akagashi, Arakashi, Vulgaris, Menaceae genus such as white oak, chestnut genus such as chestnut, shii genus such as sudazii and tsuburajii, and trees of genus genus such as matebashi.
このように、この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤は、ナラ菌に対して殺菌活性を有する殺菌成分と低級アルコールとシリコーン系界面活性剤とを所定の質量割合で含有しているから、ナラ枯れを効果的に防止することができる。また、この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤は、殺菌成分を高濃度で含有しているから、樹木１本当りの注入量を大幅に低減でき、注入時間を短縮できると共に注入成功率が向上するうえ、例えば「ノズルつき透明プラスチックアンプル」などの注入装置を後日回収する必要もなくその場で注入作業が完了し、高い注入作業を実現できる。 As described above, the agent for preventing growth of oak fungus according to the present invention contains bactericidal components having a bactericidal activity against oak fungus, a lower alcohol, and a silicone-based surfactant in a predetermined mass ratio. Can be effectively prevented. Moreover, since the oak growth inhibitor according to the present invention contains a high concentration of bactericidal components, the injection amount per tree can be greatly reduced, the injection time can be shortened, and the injection success rate is improved. In addition, for example, the injection work such as “transparent plastic ampule with nozzle” need not be collected at a later date, and the injection work is completed on the spot, thereby realizing a high injection work.
（試験例１）
ナラ菌増殖防止剤に含有される溶剤が殺菌成分の浸透性に与える影響を調べた。具体的には、加害樹種ミズナラの円盤状木片の辺材部分に木工用ドリルで開けた直径８ｍｍで深さ５ｃｍの注入穴に第１表に示す各組成の薬剤組成物１〜７をマイクロピペッターにて０．５ｍＬを注入し、薬剤０．５ｍＬ全量が円盤状木片に完全に浸透するまでの浸透時間を測定した。その結果を第１表に示す。なお、薬剤組成物Ｎｏ．１におけるトリホリン含有率は１８００００ｐｐｍで薬剤組成物Ｎｏ．２〜７におけるトリホリン含有率は１５００００ｐｐｍであった。
(Test Example 1)
The effect of the solvent contained in oak growth inhibitor on the permeability of bactericidal components was investigated. Specifically, the pharmaceutical compositions 1-7 shown in Table 1 are micropipettored in an injection hole 8 mm in diameter and 5 cm in depth drilled in a sapwood portion of a disk-shaped piece of harm tree species Mizunara with a woodworking drill. Inject 0.5 mL and measure the permeation time until the total amount of 0.5 mL of the drug completely penetrates into the disk-shaped piece of wood. The results are shown in Table 1. In addition, pharmaceutical composition No. 1 had a triphorin content of 180,000 ppm, and the drug composition No. The trifolin content in 2 to 7 was 150,000 ppm.
第１表に示されるように、トリホリン乳剤単独、又は、蒸留水、Ｎ−メチルピロリドン若しくはテトラヒドロフランなどの溶剤を含む薬剤組成物１〜４は浸透に６０ｍｉｎを超える時間を要したのに対して、メチルアルコール、エチルアルコール及びｉｓｏ−プロピルアルコールの低級アルコールを溶剤として含有する薬剤組成物５〜７は２０ｍｉｎ以下という短時間で速やかにミズナラの円盤状木片に浸透することが分かった。 As shown in Table 1, while the pharmaceutical compositions 1 to 4 containing a trifolin emulsion alone or a solvent such as distilled water, N-methylpyrrolidone, or tetrahydrofuran required more than 60 minutes to penetrate, It was found that the pharmaceutical compositions 5 to 7 containing methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol and iso-propyl alcohol as a solvent penetrated into the discoidal wood piece of Mizunara quickly in a short time of 20 min or less.
（試験例２）
ナラ菌増殖防止剤に含有される界面活性剤が殺菌成分の浸透性に与える影響を調べた。具体的には、加害樹種ミズナラの円盤状木片の辺材部分に木工用ドリルで開けた直径８ｍｍで深さ５ｃｍの注入穴に第２表に示す各組成の薬剤組成物１１〜１８をマイクロピペッターにて０．５ｍＬを注入し、薬剤０．５ｍＬ全量が円盤状木片に完全に浸透するまでの浸透時間を測定した。その結果を第２表に示す。なお、薬剤組成物それぞれにおけるトリホリン含有率は１５００００ｐｐｍであった。
(Test Example 2)
The effect of surfactants contained in oak growth inhibitors on the permeability of bactericidal components was investigated. Specifically, the pharmaceutical compositions 11 to 18 shown in Table 2 are each micropipetter in an injection hole 8 mm in diameter and 5 cm in depth which is opened with a woodworking drill in a sapwood portion of a disc-like piece of harm tree species Mizunara. Inject 0.5 mL and measure the permeation time until the total amount of 0.5 mL of the drug completely penetrates into the disk-shaped piece of wood. The results are shown in Table 2. In addition, the trifolin content rate in each chemical | medical agent composition was 150,000 ppm.
なお、第２表において、ポリエーテル変性シリコーンオイル＊１は商品名「ＫＦ−６４０」（ＨＬＢ １４、信越化学工業株式会社製）であり、ポリエーテル変性シリコーンオイル＊２は商品名「ＫＦ−６４２」（ＨＬＢ １２、信越化学工業株式会社製）であり、ポリエーテル変性シリコーンオイル＊３は商品名「Ｘ−２２−４５１５」（ＨＬＢ ５、信越化学工業株式会社製）であり、モノアミン変性シリコーン系界面活性剤＊４は商品名「ＫＦ−８６８」（信越化学工業株式会社製）である。 In Table 2, the polyether-modified silicone oil * 1 is a trade name “KF-640” (HLB 14, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), and the polyether-modified silicone oil * 2 is a trade name “KF-642”. (HLB 12, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), polyether-modified silicone oil * 3 is trade name “X-22-4515” (HLB 5, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), monoamine-modified silicone-based Surfactant * 4 is a trade name “KF-868” (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.).
第２表に示されるように、界面活性剤を含有しない薬剤組成物１１、及び、農薬等に一般的に使用される界面活性剤を含有する薬剤組成物１６〜１８は浸透に８分以上を要した。これに対して、シリコーン系界面活性剤を含有する薬剤組成物１２〜１５は浸透に５分以下の短時間で、特にＨＬＢが５〜２０のポリエーテル変性シリコーンオイルを含有する薬剤組成物１２〜１４は浸透に１０秒又は１分という極めて短時間で速やかにミズナラの円盤状木片に浸透することが分かった。 As shown in Table 2, the pharmaceutical composition 11 that does not contain a surfactant and the pharmaceutical compositions 16-18 that contain a surfactant that is generally used for agricultural chemicals and the like require 8 minutes or more for penetration. It cost. On the other hand, the pharmaceutical compositions 12 to 15 containing a silicone-based surfactant have a short time of 5 minutes or less for penetration, and particularly the pharmaceutical compositions 12 to 12 containing a polyether-modified silicone oil having an HLB of 5 to 20. It was found that No. 14 penetrated into the discoidal wood piece of Mizunara quickly in an extremely short time of 10 seconds or 1 minute.
（試験例３）
ナラ菌増殖防止剤に含有されるシリコーン系界面活性剤の含有率が殺菌成分の浸透性に与える影響を調べた。具体的には、加害樹種ミズナラの円盤状木片の辺材部分に木工用ドリルで開けた直径８ｍｍで深さ５ｃｍの注入穴に第３表に示す各組成の薬剤組成物２１〜２６をマイクロピペッターにて０．５ｍＬを注入し、薬剤０．５ｍＬ全量が円盤状木片に完全に浸透するまでの浸透時間を測定した。その結果を第３表に示す。なお、第３表において、ポリエーテル変性シリコーンオイル＊１は商品名「ＫＦ−６４０」（ＨＬＢ １４、信越化学工業株式会社製）である。なお、薬剤組成物それぞれにおけるトリホリン含有率は１５００００ｐｐｍであった。
(Test Example 3)
The effect of the content of silicone surfactant contained in the growth inhibitor of oak fungus on the penetrability of the bactericidal component was investigated. Specifically, the pharmaceutical compositions 21 to 26 of each composition shown in Table 3 are injected into the injection hole with a diameter of 5 mm and a depth of 5 cm opened by a woodworking drill on the sapwood portion of the discoidal wood piece of the harm tree species Mizunara. Inject 0.5 mL and measure the permeation time until the total amount of 0.5 mL of the drug completely penetrates into the disk-shaped piece of wood. The results are shown in Table 3. In Table 3, polyether-modified silicone oil * 1 is a trade name “KF-640” (HLB 14, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.). In addition, the trifolin content rate in each chemical | medical agent composition was 150,000 ppm.
第３表に示されるように、シリコーン系界面活性剤を０．１〜１０質量％含有する薬剤組成物２１〜２６はいずれも浸透に４０秒以下という短時間で速やかにミズナラの円盤状木片に浸透することが分かった。また、薬剤組成物中のシリコーン系界面活性剤の含有率が多くなると浸透時間が短縮される反面、その浸透促進効果が鈍くなることも分かった。 As shown in Table 3, each of the pharmaceutical compositions 21 to 26 containing 0.1 to 10% by mass of the silicone surfactant quickly turns into a discotic wood chip of Mizunara in a short time of 40 seconds or less. It was found to penetrate. It was also found that when the content of the silicone surfactant in the pharmaceutical composition is increased, the penetration time is shortened, but the penetration promotion effect becomes dull.
（試験例４）
ナラ菌増殖防止剤に含有される殺菌成分を種々の成分に代えて薬剤組成物の浸透性を調べた。具体的には、マテバシイの生木樹幹部（根元部分）に木工用ドリルで開けた直径８ｍｍ、深さ５ｃｍ、角度４５°の注入穴に、第４表に示す薬剤組成物３０〜３９をマイクロピペッターにて０．５ｍＬ注入し、薬剤０．５ｍＬ全量がマテバシイ生木に完全に浸透するまでの浸透時間を測定した。その結果を第４表に示す。なお、試験例４においては、殺菌成分の成分濃度（ナラ菌増殖防止剤中の含有率）を１０００００ｐｐｍに一定にするため、その他の成分として蒸留水を第４表に示す含有率で含有させた。第４表において、ポリエーテル変性シリコーンオイル＊１は商品名「ＫＦ−６４０」（ＨＬＢ １４、信越化学工業株式会社製）であり、トリホリン乳剤は住商アグロインターナショナル株式会社製の乳剤を、テトラコナゾール液剤はアリスタライフサイエンス株式会社製の液剤を、イミノクタジン酢酸塩液剤は日本曹達株式会社製の液剤を、チオファネートメチル水和剤は日本曹達株式会社製の水和剤を、ベノミル水和剤は住友化学株式会社製の水和剤をそれぞれ用いた。
(Test Example 4)
The penetrability of the pharmaceutical composition was examined by substituting various components for the bactericidal component contained in the growth inhibitor of oak fungus. Specifically, the drug compositions 30 to 39 shown in Table 4 are micro-filled into injection holes with a diameter of 8 mm, a depth of 5 cm, and an angle of 45 °, which are drilled on a tree trunk (base part) of a material tree. 0.5 mL was injected with a pipetter, and the infiltration time until the total amount of 0.5 mL of the drug completely penetrated into the living tree was measured. The results are shown in Table 4. In Test Example 4, in order to keep the component concentration of the bactericidal component (content rate in the growth inhibitor of oak fungus) constant at 100000 ppm, distilled water was added as the other components at the content rate shown in Table 4. . In Table 4, the polyether-modified silicone oil * 1 is a trade name “KF-640” (HLB 14, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), and the triforin emulsion is an emulsion manufactured by Sumisho Agro International Co., Ltd., tetraconazole. The liquid formulation is Arista Life Science Co., Ltd., the iminotadine acetate solution is Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., the thiophanate methyl wettable powder is Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., and the benomyl wettable powder is Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Each company-made wettable powder was used.
第４表に示されるように、殺菌成分としてトリホリン（トリホリン乳剤）、テトラコナゾール（テトラコナゾール液剤）、イミノクタジン酢酸塩（イミノクタジン酢酸塩液剤）、チオファネートメチル（チオファネートメチル水和剤）及びベノミル（ベノミル水和剤）のいずれを用いても低級アルコール及びシリコーン系界面活性剤を含有する薬剤組成物３０、３２、３４、３６及び３８は、低級アルコール及びシリコーン系界面活性剤を含有しない薬剤組成物３１、３３、３５、３７及び３９に比して、浸透時間が大幅に短縮されることが分かった。特に、殺菌成分が液状であるトリホリン（トリホリン乳剤）、テトラコナゾール（テトラコナゾール液剤）及びイミノクタジン酢酸塩（イミノクタジン酢酸塩液剤）を含有する薬剤組成物は浸透時間が５分以内という極めて短時間で浸透することが分かった。 As shown in Table 4, as a bactericidal component, trifolin (trifolin emulsion), tetraconazole (tetraconazole solution), iminotadine acetate (iminoctadine acetate solution), thiophanate methyl (thiophanate methyl wettable powder) and benomyl (benomyl water) The pharmaceutical compositions 30, 32, 34, 36 and 38 containing a lower alcohol and a silicone-based surfactant are used as the pharmaceutical composition 31 containing no lower alcohol and a silicone-based surfactant. Compared to 33, 35, 37 and 39, the infiltration time was found to be significantly reduced. In particular, a pharmaceutical composition containing trifolin (trifolin emulsion), tetraconazole (tetraconazole solution) and iminoctadine acetate (iminoctadine acetate solution) in which the bactericidal component is liquid has an extremely short penetration time of 5 minutes or less. It turned out to penetrate.
（試験例５）
ミズナラの生木樹幹部の地表から０．５ｍ地点に木工用ドリルで開けた直径８ｍｍ、深さ５ｃｍ、角度４５°の注入穴５個それぞれに、１注入穴当りのトリホリン注入量が７２ｍｇとなるように、商品名「ウッドキングＳＰ」（殺菌成分「トリホリン」、トリホリン含有率３６０ｐｐｍ、注入量２００ｍＬ、サンケイ化学株式会社製）を専用ボトルで自然圧によって注入し、また、第３表におけるＮｏ．２２の薬剤組成物（トリホリンの含有率１５００００ｐｐｍ、注入量０．５ｍＬ）をマイクロピペッターで注入した。これらの薬剤組成物の全量がミズナラの生木に完全に浸透するまでの浸透時間を各注入穴について測定した。また、各薬剤組成物が注入穴に完全に浸透するか否かの注入成功率を求めた。さらに、このようにして各薬剤組成物を注入したミズナラ生木の薬害の有無を注入後１ヶ月及び３ヶ月の時点で生木全体（第５表において樹全体と表記する）及び注入穴について目視で評価した。これらの結果を第５表に示す。
(Test Example 5)
The trifoline injection amount per injection hole is 72 mg in each of 5 injection holes 8 mm in diameter, 5 cm in depth, and 45 degrees in angle drilled with a woodworking drill at 0.5 m from the surface of the trunk of the living tree trunk of Mizunara. The product name “Wood King SP” (sterilizing component “Triphorin”, triphorin content 360 ppm, injection amount 200 mL, manufactured by Sankei Chemical Co., Ltd.) was injected by natural pressure with a special bottle. Twenty-two drug compositions (triphorin content 150,000 ppm, injection amount 0.5 mL) were injected with a micropipette. The permeation time until the total amount of these drug compositions completely penetrated the mizuna oak was measured for each injection hole. Moreover, the injection | pouring success rate of whether each chemical | medical agent composition penetrate | invades into an injection hole completely was calculated | required. Further, the presence or absence of phytotoxicity of the living Japanese oak trees injected with the respective pharmaceutical compositions in this way is visually observed on the whole raw tree (denoted as the whole tree in Table 5) and the injection hole at 1 and 3 months after the injection. It was evaluated with. These results are shown in Table 5.
第５表に示されるように、「ウッドキングＳＰ」は注入量が２００ｍＬと多く平均で１８．６時間の浸透時間を要したのに対して、Ｎｏ．２２の薬剤組成物は注入量が０．５ｍＬと極めて少量で１０秒というきわめて短時間で即座に生木に浸透した。さらに、Ｎｏ．２２の薬剤組成物は注入成功率が１００％で生木全体及び注入穴のいずれの時点においても薬害が確認されず、「ウッドキングＳＰ」と同等の注入成功率及び無害性を有していることが分かった。なお、「ウッドキングＳＰ」の注入後に専用ボトルを回収した。 As shown in Table 5, “Wood King SP” had a large injection volume of 200 mL and required an infiltration time of 18.6 hours on average. Twenty-two drug compositions infiltrated the trees immediately in a very short time of 10 seconds with a very small injection volume of 0.5 mL. Furthermore, no. The drug composition of No. 22 has an injection success rate of 100%, and no phytotoxicity has been confirmed at any point of the whole tree or injection hole, and has an injection success rate and harmlessness equivalent to “Wood King SP”. I understood that. In addition, the exclusive bottle was collect | recovered after injection | pouring of "Wood King SP".
（試験例６）
胸高直径を測定したミズナラ生木を１５本選定して、これらを、商品名「ウッドキングＳＰ」を注入する第１グループ、第３表におけるＮｏ．２２の薬剤組成物を注入する第２グループ及び無処理の第３グループに５本ずつ３グループに群分けした。第１グループ及び第２グループのミズナラ生木１０本それぞれの生木樹幹部の地表から０．５ｍ地点に直径８ｍｍ、深さ５ｃｍ、角度４５°の注入穴４個を木工用ドリルで開けた。第１グループの各ミズナラ生木の注入穴それぞれに、１注入穴当りのトリホリン注入量が７２ｍｇとなるように、商品名「ウッドキングＳＰ」（殺菌成分「トリホリン」、トリホリンの含有率３６０ｐｐｍ、注入量２００ｍＬ、サンケイ化学株式会社製）を専用ボトルで自然圧によって注入した。また、第２グループの各ミズナラ生木の注入穴それぞれにＮｏ．２２の薬剤組成物（トリホリンの含有率１５００００ｐｐｍ、注入量０．５ｍＬ）をマイクロピペッターで注入した。
(Test Example 6)
Fifteen Mizunara trees whose breast height diameter was measured were selected, and these were selected as No. 1 in the first group and Table 3 in which the trade name “Wood King SP” was injected. The group was divided into 3 groups of 5 in the 2nd group for injecting 22 drug compositions and 5 in the untreated third group. Four injection holes with a diameter of 8 mm, a depth of 5 cm, and an angle of 45 ° were drilled with a woodworking drill at a point of 0.5 m from the ground surface of each of the ten living tree trunks of the first group and the second group. The product name “Wood King SP” (sterilizing ingredient “Triphorin”, triphorin content 360 ppm, injection so that the injection amount of triforin per injection hole becomes 72 mg in each injection hole of each first-class living tree of the first group. An amount of 200 mL, manufactured by Sankei Chemical Co., Ltd.) was injected by natural pressure with a dedicated bottle. In addition, No. 2 was added to each injection hole of the second group of living oaks. Twenty-two drug compositions (triphorin content 150,000 ppm, injection amount 0.5 mL) were injected with a micropipette.
「ウッドキングＳＰ」及びＮｏ．２２の薬剤組成物の全量がミズナラ生木に完全に浸透するまでの浸透時間（平均値）を各ミズナラ生木について算出した。また、「ウッドキングＳＰ」及びＮｏ．２２の薬剤組成物が注入穴に完全に浸透するか否かの注入成功率を求めた。さらに、「ウッドキングＳＰ」及びＮｏ．２２の薬剤組成物を注入した１ヵ月後に各グループのミズナラ生木それぞれにカシノナガキクイムシの穿孔害（フラス）の有無（第６表において「穿孔害」と表記する。）を確認した。また、このようにして「ウッドキングＳＰ」及びＮｏ．２２の薬剤組成物を注入したミズナラ生木の注入後３ヶ月状態を各グループのミズナラ生木それぞれについて評価し、並びに、「ウッドキングＳＰ」及びＮｏ．２２の薬剤組成物を注入したミズナラ生木の薬害の有無を注入後１ヶ月及び３ヶ月の時点で生木全体（第６表において樹全体と表記する）及び注入穴について目視で評価した。これらの結果を第６表に示す。 “Wood King SP” and No. The permeation time (average value) until the total amount of the 22 pharmaceutical compositions completely permeated the raw Japanese oak was calculated for each raw oak. Also, “Wood King SP” and No. The success rate of injection as to whether or not 22 drug compositions completely penetrated the injection hole was determined. Furthermore, “Wood King SP” and No. One month after the injection of 22 pharmaceutical compositions, the presence of perforation damage (flas) of Platypus quercivorus in each group was confirmed (denoted as “perforation damage” in Table 6). In this way, “Wood King SP” and No. The three-month state after injection of the cynomolgus shoots injected with the 22 pharmaceutical compositions was evaluated for each group of mizunara shoots. The presence or absence of phytotoxicity in the living Japanese oak trees injected with 22 pharmaceutical compositions was visually evaluated for the whole living tree (denoted as the whole tree in Table 6) and the injection hole at 1 and 3 months after the injection. These results are shown in Table 6.
第６表に示されるように、「ウッドキングＳＰ」は注入量が２００ｍＬと多く７．２５〜２７時間の浸透時間を要したのに対して、Ｎｏ．２２の薬剤組成物は注入量が０．５ｍＬと極めて少量で７．５秒以下というきわめて短時間で即座に生木に浸透した。また、Ｎｏ．２２の薬剤組成物は注入成功率が１００％で「ウッドキングＳＰ」と同等の注入成功率を発揮することが分かった。さらに、Ｎｏ．２２の薬剤組成物を注入した第２グループのミズナラ生木はそれぞれ１ヵ月後にカシノナガキクイムシの穿孔害（フラス）が確認され、ナラ菌が侵入したにもかかわらず、注入３ヶ月後の状態においてミズナラ生木に異常は確認されず、生木全体及び注入穴のいずれの時点においても薬害が確認されず、「ウッドキングＳＰ」と同等の薬効及び無害性を有していることが分かった。なお、第１グループ及び第２グループにおける薬剤注入３ヵ月後に無処理の第３グループは５本中４本に異常が確認された。なお、「ウッドキングＳＰ」の注入後に専用ボトルを回収した。 As shown in Table 6, “Wood King SP” had a large injection amount of 200 mL and required a permeation time of 7.25 to 27 hours. The 22 pharmaceutical compositions infiltrated the living tree immediately in a very short time of 7.5 seconds or less with a very small injection volume of 0.5 mL. No. Twenty-two drug compositions were found to exhibit an injection success rate equivalent to “Wood King SP” with an injection success rate of 100%. Furthermore, no. The second group of living oaks infused with 22 pharmaceutical compositions was found to be puncture damage (flas) of Platypus quercivorus after 1 month, and in the state 3 months after injection Abnormalities were not confirmed in the raw Japanese cypress, and no phytotoxicity was observed at any point of the whole virgin tree or the injection hole, and it was found to have the same efficacy and harmlessness as “Wood King SP”. In the first group and the second group, abnormalities were confirmed in 4 out of 5 in the 3rd group which was not treated 3 months after the drug injection. In addition, the exclusive bottle was collect | recovered after injection | pouring of "Wood King SP".
（試験例７）
試験例６で選定した第１グループ及び第２グループのミズナラ生木からそれぞれ１本ずつ選んでトリホリンの樹体内濃度を地表から直上に０．５ｍ、１．０ｍ、２．０ｍ及び５．０ｍの地点でドリルにて木片を採取し、高速液体クロマトグラフィーにて測定した。具体的には、試験例６で「ウッドキングＳＰ」及びＮｏ．２２の薬剤組成物を注入した胸高直径１５．６ｃｍ（第１グループ）及び１８．３ｃｍ（第２グループ）のミズナラ生木において、地上高０．５ｍ、１．０ｍ、２．０ｍ及び５．０ｍの地点を分析部位として「ウッドキングＳＰ」又はＮｏ．２２の薬剤組成物の注入１週間後、注入１ヵ月後及び注入３ヵ月後に各分析部位におけるトリホリンの樹体内濃度を測定した。その結果を第７表に示す。
(Test Example 7)
One each of the first group and second group of Mizunara trees selected in Test Example 6 was selected, and the concentration of trifolin in the tree was 0.5 m, 1.0 m, 2.0 m, and 5.0 m directly above the ground surface. Wood chips were collected with a drill at the point and measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Specifically, in Test Example 6, “Wood King SP” and No. The height of the ground was 0.5m, 1.0m, 2.0m and 5.0m in the 15.6cm (1st group) and 18.3cm (2nd group) Mizunara living trees injected with 22 pharmaceutical compositions. "Wood King SP" or No. One week after injection of the 22 pharmaceutical compositions, one month after injection, and 3 months after injection, the triphorin concentration in the tree at each analysis site was measured. The results are shown in Table 7.
第７表に示されるように、Ｎｏ．２２の薬剤組成物を注入したミズナラ生木においては、いずれの分析部位においても、またいずれの時点においてもトリホリンの樹体内濃度が「ウッドキングＳＰ」を注入したミズナラ生木のトリホリンの樹体内濃度と大きく相違することなく、「ウッドキングＳＰ」の場合と同様に殺菌成分であるトリホリンが高い樹体内移行性を示し、ミズナラ生木に広範に移行することが分かった。 As shown in Table 7, no. In the Japanese oak tree injected with 22 pharmaceutical compositions, the trifoline concentration in the trifoline in which the wood concentration of trifoline was injected with “Wood King SP” at any time point and at any time point As in the case of “Wood King SP”, it was found that triphorin, which is a bactericidal component, showed a high ability to migrate into the tree, and migrated extensively to the living tree.
この発明に係るナラ菌増殖防止剤及びナラ枯れ防止方法は、ナラ菌の繁殖又は増殖を効果的に抑制してナラ枯れを防止することができるので、森林管理に大きく貢献する。ナラ枯れはカシナガキクイムシがナラ菌を伝播させることによって発生する樹木の伝染病である。この樹木の伝染病をこの発明により抑制し、防止することができる。 The oak fungus growth inhibitor and the oak wilt prevention method according to the present invention can effectively prevent oak wilt by suppressing the propagation or growth of oak fungus, thus greatly contributing to forest management. Oak wilt is an infectious disease of trees that is caused by the transmission of oak fungus by the beetle. This tree infectious disease can be suppressed and prevented by the present invention.
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| JPH05901A (en) * | 1990-11-26 | 1993-01-08 | Sankyo Co Ltd | Improved controller of harmful organism |
| JP2005330221A (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2005-12-02 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | Agrochemical spreader composition |
| JP2007015985A (en) * | 2005-07-08 | 2007-01-25 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | Wood preservative composition and method for treating wood |
| JP2009184930A (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-20 | Sankei Kagaku Kk | Antiproliferative agent of raffaelea quercivora and method for preventing withering of japanese oak |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH05901A (en) * | 1990-11-26 | 1993-01-08 | Sankyo Co Ltd | Improved controller of harmful organism |
| JP2005330221A (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2005-12-02 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | Agrochemical spreader composition |
| JP2007015985A (en) * | 2005-07-08 | 2007-01-25 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | Wood preservative composition and method for treating wood |
| JP2009184930A (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-20 | Sankei Kagaku Kk | Antiproliferative agent of raffaelea quercivora and method for preventing withering of japanese oak |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2013168630A1 (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-14 | 日本曹達株式会社 | Tree trunk injection |
| EP2850944A4 (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2016-04-27 | Nippon Soda Co | Tree trunk injection |
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