JP2012170361A - Lighting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lighting device for growing plants or preventing disease damage to plants, wherein light distribution can be easily controlled in parallel with the degree of the growth of the plants and also light is radiated to the plants so as not to cause leaf scorch damage to the plants when the plants come close to the device when growing.SOLUTION: The lighting device 1 includes a straight pipe-shaped lamp 3 and a reflection plate 7 extending along the longitudinal direction of the lamp 3, and is disposed above the target plants to be irradiated. The reflection plate 7 takes a non-reflective position escaping to a location where direct light to the lower part of the lamp 3 is not shielded, and a reflective position which locates in an aspect intersecting with a vertical direction so as to reflect part of the direct light in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the lamp 3. The reflection plate 7 can be flexibly exchanged to either the reflective position or the non-reflective position, and can easily adjust light distribution of the light illuminated to the plant from the lamp 3, so that the plants can be irradiated with the light at an appropriate quantity of light in parallel with the degree of the growth of the plants. Also, the light from the lamp 3 is not directly radiated to the plants located just below when the reflection plate 7 locates at the reflecting position, so as to reduce the leaf scorch damage to the plants.

Description

  The present invention relates to a lighting device for plant growth or plant disease control.

  Conventionally, a lighting device for plant growth or plant disease control that promotes plant growth or suppresses plant diseases such as powdery mildew or anthracnose by irradiating light to plants artificially It has been known. In such an illuminating device, generally, a visible light lamp is used when growing plants, and an ultraviolet lamp is used when controlling disease.

  When a plant is cultivated using the lighting device as described above, the relative distance between the lighting device and the plant changes with time as the plant grows. Therefore, when a plurality of plants are cultivated, the amount of light irradiated to each plant may be uneven depending on the arrangement position of the plants. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 27A, when the lighting device 101 is installed above a plant, when the plant 102A has a low plant height such as a seedling, the light emitted from the lamp 103 is generally directed to the plant 102A. Reach evenly. However, when the plant grows and the height of the plant grows, as shown in FIG. 27 (b), a lot of light reaches the plant 102 </ b> B (center) immediately below the lighting device 101 and is away from the lighting device 101. Light may not reach the plant 102C (left and right) in the area. Such non-uniformity in the amount of light accompanying the growth of the plant results in variations in the degree of growth and disease control depending on the arrangement position of the plant, and as a factor that the quality of the cultivated plant cannot be secured constantly. Become. In addition, when the emitted light from the lamp 103 includes a large amount of ultraviolet rays for disease control, if the plant height is high, the plant 102B immediately below is irradiated with excessive ultraviolet rays, and leaf burn damage is likely to occur.

  Therefore, it has a concave reflecting plate that covers the lamp, and by deforming the opening side end of the reflecting plate, the light distribution (how the light spreads) to the plant of the light emitted from the lamp can be controlled. There is a lighting device (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Such a lighting device can freely adjust the light distribution according to the growth of the plant, so that it is possible to efficiently irradiate the plant with light.

JP 2008-125212 A

  However, in the illumination device using the reflector as described above, since the reflector is arranged so as to cover the upper part of the lamp, most of the light emitted downward from the lamp is not reflected by the reflector and is planted. Direct irradiation. Therefore, when the plant grows and approaches the device, the above problem that leaves and burns are caused by excessive ultraviolet irradiation still occurs. Further, in order to change the shape of the reflecting plate, the adjusting member such as a bolt and a nut is rotated, so that troublesome work is required for adjusting the light distribution.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and in a lighting device for plant growth or plant disease control, light distribution can be easily controlled according to the degree of plant growth, and the plant grows. Then, when approaching an apparatus, it aims at providing the illuminating device which can irradiate light so that a leaf-burn injury may not arise in a plant.

  An illuminating device of the present invention is an illuminating device for plant growth or plant disease control, comprising a straight tube-shaped lamp, and a reflecting plate that extends along the longitudinal direction of the lamp and reflects light from the lamp. In a state in which the apparatus is disposed above the plant to be irradiated, the reflecting plate is retracted to a position where the direct light below the lamp is not shielded, and a part of the direct light The reflection position positioned in the direction intersecting the vertical direction so as to reflect in the direction orthogonal to the lamp longitudinal direction is taken, and can be switched between the non-reflection position and the reflection position. .

  In this illuminating device, the reflecting plate is arranged directly below the lamp and is suspended in the vertical direction at the non-reflecting position, and the direct light from the lamp is reflected toward the plant at the reflecting position. Thus, it is preferable to be in a state inclined with respect to the vertical direction.

  In this illuminating device, a light shielding plate that shields direct light from the lamp is provided on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the lamp, and the light shielding plate has a light shielding position drawn downward from both sides in the longitudinal direction of the lamp. It is preferable that it is movably provided at a non-light-shielding position retracted upward from the light-shielding position.

  In this illuminating device, it is preferable to include a reflector driving mechanism that changes the inclination of the reflector with respect to the lamp in accordance with the growth of the plant.

  In this illuminating device, it is preferable to include a light shielding plate driving mechanism that moves the position of the light shielding plate up and down in accordance with the growth of the plant.

  The illumination device includes a fog generation device that forms a light reflection curtain composed of fine water droplets on an optical path of light reflected from the lamp by the reflector, and the plant is irradiated with the light reflection curtain by the fog generation device. It is preferable to control the traveling direction of the light.

  In this illuminating device, it is preferable that the lighting timing of the lamp is the same as the fog generation time by the fog generator.

  The illumination device includes an illuminance sensor that detects light illuminance radiated to a plant located in the vicinity of the fog generating device, and the fog is detected when an integrated irradiance amount detected by the illuminance sensor falls below a predetermined level. It is preferable to perform the fog generating operation by the generator.

  In this illuminating device, the fog generating device is preferably configured to spray fine water droplets for condensing toward a leaf surface of a plant located in the vicinity thereof.

  According to the illuminating device of the present invention, the light distribution emitted from the lamp to the plant can be adjusted freely and easily by switching the reflecting plate between the reflecting position and the non-reflecting position. It is possible to irradiate the plant with an appropriate amount of light according to the degree of growth. Therefore, the light illuminance necessary for plant growth or plant disease control can be effectively obtained in the plant cultivation region, and variations in plant growth and disease control action are reduced. In addition, when the reflecting plate is in the reflecting position, it is devised so that light from the lamp is not directly radiated to the plant underneath, so that the leaf scorching trouble of the plant can be reduced. In addition, since the light from the lamp is distributed over a wide range by the reflector, the number of installed devices can be reduced when this device is used in cultivation facilities such as agricultural vinyl houses and glass houses, or in open field fields. it can.

The block diagram when the illuminating device which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention is installed in the greenhouse for agriculture. (A) is a top view which shows the attachment position of the illuminating device, (b) is the front view. (A) is a perspective view in the non-reflective position where the reflecting plate hung in the perpendicular direction in the illumination device, (b) is a perspective view in a reflecting position where the reflecting plate is inclined with respect to the vertical direction. The side view which shows the light distribution state with respect to the plant of the light from a lamp | ramp in the non-reflection position. The side view which shows the light distribution state with respect to the plant of the light from a lamp | ramp when the said reflecting plate is a reflection state. (A) is a front view which shows the other attachment aspect of the reflecting plate in the same illuminating device, (b) is the side view. (A) is a front view which shows the other attachment aspect of the reflecting plate, (b) is the sectional side view. (A) is a front view which shows the other attachment aspect of the reflecting plate, (b) is the sectional side view. (A) is a front view which shows the other attachment aspect of the reflecting plate, (b) is the side view. (A) is a front view which shows the other attachment aspect of the reflecting plate, (b) is the sectional side view. (A) is a perspective view in the state which has a light-shielding plate in a light-shielding position in the illuminating device which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention, (b) is a perspective view in the state in which the light-shielding plate exists in a non-light-shielding position. (A) is the side view which shows the light distribution state with respect to the plant of the light from a lamp | ramp in the non-light-shielding position, (b) is the front view. (A) is the side view which shows the light distribution state with respect to the plant of the light from a lamp | ramp in the light-shielding position, and (b) is the front view. The perspective view of the illuminating device which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. (A) is the sectional view on the AA line of FIG. 14, (b) is the sectional view on the BB line of FIG. The block diagram when installing the lighting device in a greenhouse. (A) and (b) are sectional side views which show operation | movement of the illumination device in time series. The block diagram when the illuminating device which concerns on the 4th Embodiment of this invention is installed in a greenhouse. The top view which shows the attachment position of the fog generator of the same illuminating device, and an illumination intensity sensor. The front view which shows the structure of the illuminance sensor. The side view which shows the light distribution state in the case where the fog generating apparatus is not provided as a comparative example for demonstrating the effect | action by the fog generating apparatus of the illumination device. The side view which shows the light distribution state of light when the fog generation operation | movement by a fog generator is performed in the illumination device. The figure explaining the modification of the illuminating device which concerns on 4th Embodiment. The figure which shows a mode that the light irradiated to a plant is condensed in the modification. (A) The front view in the reflective position where the reflecting plate is arrange | positioned directly under a lamp | ramp which shows the other structural example of the illuminating device of this invention, (b) is the side view. The front view in the non-reflective position where the reflecting plate which concerns on the said structural example is arrange | positioned above a lamp | ramp, (b) is the side view. (A) and (b) are the side views in the example of installation of the conventional illuminating device.

(First embodiment)
A lighting device according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the lighting device 1 of the present embodiment is a lighting device used for plant growth or plant disease control, for visible light for plant growth or plant disease control for the plant 2. A straight tube-shaped lamp 3 for irradiating ultraviolet light or the like is mounted. Here, a plurality of lighting devices 1 are installed in an agricultural greenhouse 4 which is a plant cultivation facility. When growing the plant, the lamp 3 preferably uses a light source that irradiates a light component having a wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm (300 to 800 nm in some cases) having a high effect of promoting photosynthesis, morphogenesis, and coloring of the plant. . In the case of disease control, the lamp 3 preferably uses a light source that emits a light component having a wavelength range of 280 to 320 nm (UV-B), which has a high effect of inducing disease resistance (immune function) of a plant. The lamp 3 is not limited to the above, and may include a light source that irradiates both a light component in the visible region having a high plant-growing effect and a light component in the ultraviolet region having a high plant disease control effect.

  The illuminating device 1 is arranged and used above the plant 2 which is an irradiation object, for example, is suspended by the beam 41 of the ceiling part of the greenhouse 4. Here, as shown in FIG. 2, each of the lighting devices 1 can distribute light from the front direction of the lamp 3 to the entire plant 2 in the house 4 with a predetermined interval along the ridge 50. And the lamps 3 are arranged so that the longitudinal direction of the lamps 3 is orthogonal to the direction in which the flange 50 extends. At this time, each lighting device 1 is disposed so that the plant 2 does not come directly under the lamp 3, that is, the lamp 3 is positioned between the adjacent ridges 50 in order to prevent plant leaf burns. It is preferable. The number of the lighting devices 1 and the installation location are arbitrary.

  The lighting device 1 also includes a control unit 5 that controls the irradiation operation of the lamp 3. The control unit 5 is stored in a box provided at a position independent of the lighting device 1, and is connected to each of the lighting devices 1 by the power line 6. The control unit 5 may be integrated with the lighting device 1. The control unit 5 has a timer function for arbitrarily setting a time zone for lighting the lamp 3. The time zone (lighting time zone of the lamp 3) set in this timer is preferably a night zone (for example, the time from sunset to sunrise) when sunlight decreases. When the lamp 3 is turned on in this way, the plant 2 can be irradiated with light so as to complement visible light and ultraviolet light included in daytime sunlight, and energy saving can be achieved.

  The plant 2 cultivated using the lighting device 1 is generally intended for all crops produced by farmers. Specifically, fruit vegetables such as tomato, eggplant, cucumber, shiitake, green pepper, melon, watermelon, strawberry, lettuce, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, chingensai, spinach, komatsuna, perilla, etc., burdock, radish, carrot, etc. Root vegetables, beans such as soybeans, green beans, broad beans, peas, flowers such as chrysanthemum, roses, eustoma, carnations, and peanuts, and other examples include rice and tea.

  The above-mentioned various plants 2 may be any of outdoor cultivation, greenhouse cultivation, and glass greenhouse cultivation. The cocoon 50 is a culture medium for cultivating the plant 2 and may have, for example, a substantially mountain shape that is often found in an open field field. In addition, the cocoon 50 may be a thing formed with soil piled up on a cultivation bench made of metal or wood, or a pot or a planter placed on the cultivation bench. Hereinafter, the configuration of the illumination device 1 will be described in detail.

  In FIG. 3, the illuminating device 1 supports a lamp 3, two reflectors 7 (reflectors referred to in the claims) that are directly below the lamp 3 and can reflect light from the lamp 3, and the reflector 7. For this purpose, a reflector 9 disposed at the front and back of the lamp 3 and a housing 10 to which these are attached. Moreover, the illuminating device 1 is provided with the suspending tool 11 for suspending an apparatus to ceiling parts, such as a greenhouse.

  The lamp 3 is not particularly limited as long as it has a straight tube shape. For example, a fluorescent lamp, a high-intensity discharge lamp (such as a metal halide lamp or a high-pressure sodium lamp), a light emitting diode (LED), or an organic EL may be used. it can. The lamp 3 is held by a pair of sockets 12 provided at both ends of the casing 10 in the longitudinal direction.

  The reflection plate 7 is a non-reflective position in which the apparatus 1 is disposed above the plant to be irradiated and is retracted to a position where direct light downward from the lamp 3 as shown in FIG. Then, as shown in FIG. 3B, a reflection position located in a direction intersecting with the vertical direction so as to reflect a part of the direct light in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the lamp 3 is taken. That is, each of the reflection plates 7 has a rectangular shape extending along the longitudinal direction of the lamp 3, and the upper side in the height direction is connected by a hinge 13 having a hinge structure, and is supported so as to be rotatable about a hinge shaft 13a. By being supported by the body 8, the direction with respect to the vertical direction is variable. The hinge 13 can hold the two reflecting plates 7 at a predetermined inclination angle by friction of the hinge structure portion. Further, the reflecting plates 7 are connected so that their reflecting surfaces face outward. Therefore, the reflecting plate 7 is in the non-reflecting position (FIG. 3A) in a state where it is suspended in the vertical direction so as not to block the direct light from the lamp 3, and the direct light from the lamp 3 is directed toward the plant. The reflection position (FIG. 3B) is tilted with respect to the vertical direction so as to be reflected, and can be switched between the reflection position and the non-reflection position. Here, the support 8 is composed of a pair of arm members provided on both sides of the hinge shaft 13a, and has a hook-like claw 8a protruding inward at the tip thereof. When the claw 8 a is pushed open and pushed along the outer side surface of the socket 12, the claw 8 a is caught in the groove 12 a of the socket 12 and the support 8 is fixed to the socket 12. In addition, the plurality of reflecting plates 7 are not limited to the configuration provided as described above, and for example, one reflecting plate may be pivotally supported with respect to the support 8.

  The reflecting plate 7 is preferably subjected to a mirror treatment on the reflecting surface so that the light is not diffusely reflected so that the light from the lamp 3 can be reflected with high efficiency. As a material constituting the reflector 7, a metal having excellent corrosion resistance, for example, aluminum or stainless steel may be used from the viewpoint of outdoor use. In particular, when a light source that irradiates the lamp 3 with ultraviolet rays is used, it is desirable that the reflector 7 be formed using an aluminum material that has a high reflection efficiency with respect to the light component in the UV-B region. In this case, for example, a product made of total aluminum, a resin base material formed in a predetermined shape with an aluminum film formed by vapor deposition, plating, or painting, or a plurality of transparent materials having different refractive indexes on the surface of the aluminum base material Any of those formed with a highly reflective multilayer film may be used. The surface of the reflecting plate 7 may be anodized to improve corrosion resistance.

  The reflector 9 is for efficiently distributing light emitted radially from the lamp 3 downward, and may be omitted depending on circumstances. The casing 10 has a substantially box-shaped outline, and devices such as a lighting starter, an electronic ballast (copper iron ballast), and a power supply circuit for stably lighting the lamp 3 are mounted therein. The

  Next, the usage aspect of the illuminating device 1 comprised as mentioned above is demonstrated using FIG. 4, FIG. The lighting device 1 is used by adapting to each growth stage of the plant 2 from a state where the plant 2 is low like a seedling to a stage where the plant height becomes high enough to be harvested.

  Procedure 1: As shown in FIG. 4, when the plant 2 has a low plant height (several to several tens of centimeters) and there is a sufficient distance from the lighting device 1 to the plant 2 (for example, the distance is 1 m or more), the lighting device 1 It is sufficient that the light irradiated from 1 illuminates the entire planted area of the plant 2. Therefore, the reflecting plate 7 is set to a non-reflecting position (a state in which the reflecting plates 7 are closed) suspended in the vertical direction so that the light from the lamp 3 is not blocked by the reflecting plate 7. At this time, the irradiation light from the illumination device 1 is emitted downward in a relatively low range, so that the light can be efficiently distributed to the plant 2. Since the plant 2 (center) immediately below the lighting device 1 has a sufficient distance from the lighting device 1, it is irradiated with light with an appropriate light intensity without burning the leaves.

  Procedure 2: As shown in FIG. 5, when the plant 2 grows and the plant height increases (about 1 m or more), and the distance from the lighting device 1 to the plant 2 is close (for example, the distance is approximately 50 cm), the lighting device The light emitted from 1 must reach the whole plant 2 that has grown. At this time, when the reflecting plate 7 is set to a reflecting position inclined obliquely upward with respect to the vertical direction (a state in which the reflecting plates 7 are opened), a part of the light from the lamp 3 is reflected by the reflecting plate 7 and reflected. By emitting light at an angle substantially parallel to the horizontal direction, the light is distributed in the direction of the plant 2 (left and right) located away from the lighting device 1. Thereby, the irradiation light from the illuminating device 1 will be irradiated to a comparatively wide range downward, and the light distribution which covers the whole grown plant 2 is attained. Since the plant 2 (center) directly under the lighting device 1 is partially shielded from the direct light from the lamp 3 by the reflecting plate 7, it is not irradiated with excessive light and leaf burning does not occur.

  Thus, according to the illuminating device 1 which concerns on this embodiment, light distribution of the light irradiated to the plant 2 from the lamp | ramp 3 is freely and easily by switching the reflecting plate 7 to a reflective position and a non-reflective position. Since it can be adjusted, the plant 2 can be irradiated with light with an appropriate amount of light according to the degree of growth of the plant 2. Therefore, the light illuminance necessary for plant growth or plant disease control can be effectively obtained in the plant cultivation region, and variations in plant growth and disease control action are reduced. In addition, when the reflecting plate 7 is in the reflecting position, it is devised so that the light from the lamp 3 is not directly radiated to the plant 2 directly below, so that the leaf burning trouble of the plant can be reduced. Further, since the light from the lamp 3 is distributed over a wide range by the reflecting plate 7, when the apparatus 1 is used in a cultivation facility such as an agricultural vinyl house or a glass house, or an open field field, the number of installed apparatuses is set. Can be suppressed.

  Here, since the light from the lamp 3 is shielded by the reflecting plate 7 when the reflecting plate 7 is in the reflecting position, the amount of light irradiated to the plant 2 immediately below is considerably reduced, but it is not desired to reduce this amount of light so much. In this case, a small hole may be provided in the reflecting plate 7 so that light can pass through the small hole toward the plant immediately below. At this time, if the reflecting plate 7 is formed in a structure such as punching metal or expanded metal, it is easy to control the amount of light applied to the plant 2 immediately below.

  Next, another configuration example for supporting the reflecting plate 7 directly below the lamp 3 in the lighting device 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. In the illuminating device 1 shown in FIG. 6, support bodies 8 are provided on both sides of the hinge shaft 13 a of the hinge 13 that connects the two reflecting plates 7, and the support body 8 is locked to the bottom surfaces of both sockets 12 by the screw members 14. I am going to do it. The support 8 has two folding surfaces formed by bending a flat plate of metal, resin, or the like into an L shape, and the hinge shaft 13a is connected to one of the two folding surfaces, and the other A through hole for the screw member 14 is formed on the bent surface.

  In the illuminating device 1 shown in FIG. 7, the two reflecting plates 7 connected by the hinge 13 are supported by the lamp 3 using a support body 8 made of a wire material such as a wire. The support 8 has a substantially inverted Ω-shaped holding portion that holds the periphery of the lamp 3 from both sides at one end, and a hook-like hook that hooks the hinge shaft 13a at the other end. Here, a plurality of supports 8 are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the lamp 3. In the lighting device 1 shown in FIG. 8, the reflector 7 is supported on the lamp 3 by using a wire-like support 8 in the same manner as described above, and one end of the support 8 on the lamp 3 side has a bowl shape. It is formed and the lamp 3 is hooked and held.

  In the illuminating device 1 shown in FIG. 9, it is set as the structure which supports the reflecting plate 7 to the housing | casing 10 using the arm-shaped support body 8, and this support body 8 is the state of the front-end | tip in the state holding the both sides of the hinge axis | shaft 13a. The claw 8 a is engaged with the groove 10 a on the side surface of the housing 10. In the illuminating device 1 shown in FIG. 10, the reflector 7 is configured to be supported on the housing 10 by a wire-like support body 8, and the support body 8 is wound so as to surround the outer periphery of the side view section of the housing 10. Thus, a hook for holding the hinge shaft 13a is formed at the lower end portion thereof. As described above, in any of the reflection plate mounting forms shown in FIGS. 6 to 10, the reflection plate 7 can be arranged to be switched between the reflection position and the non-reflection position immediately below the lamp 3. It is possible to freely adjust the light distribution.

(Second Embodiment)
An illumination device according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 11, the illuminating device 1 of this embodiment is provided with two light shielding plates 15 on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the lamp 3 that block direct light from the lamp 3, and a support member that supports the light shielding plate 15 so as to be movable up and down. 16 is further provided. The support member 16 is, for example, a pair of guide rails extending in the vertical direction on the side surface of the housing 10 and supports the periphery of the light shielding plate 15 so as to be movable up and down. The light shielding plate 15 has a light shielding position that is drawn downward from both sides in the longitudinal direction of the lamp 3 as shown in FIG. 11A and a non-retracted portion that is retracted upward from the light shielding position as shown in FIG. It can be moved to the light shielding position. Specifically, when the distance from the lighting device 1 to the plant is long (the reflecting plate 7 is in the non-reflective position at this time), the light-shielding plate 15 is stored in the non-light-shielding position, and when the distance is short (this When the reflecting plate 7 is in the reflecting position, it is pulled out to the light shielding position. When the light shielding plate 15 is pulled out to the light shielding position, the light emitted from the side surface direction of the lamp 3 is cut, so that it is possible to prevent the plants that have grown to the periphery of the lamp 3 from being irradiated with excessive light.

  As the light shielding plate 15, for example, a surface of a base material such as metal or resin coated with a black resin material having excellent light shielding properties can be used. When a metal material is used for the light shielding plate 15, it is preferable to use aluminum, stainless steel, or the like having high corrosion resistance from the viewpoint of outdoor use. Further, the surface of the light shielding plate 15 may be subjected to a corrosion prevention treatment. The light shielding plate 15 is not limited to the above configuration, and may be configured by a member having a surface structure with high light diffusibility, or may be formed using a material having low light reflectance.

  Next, the usage aspect of the illuminating device 1 comprised as mentioned above is demonstrated using FIG. 12, FIG.

  Procedure 1: As shown to Fig.12 (a), when the plant height of the plant 2 is low and the distance from the illuminating device 1 to the plant 2 is enough, light is efficiently distributed to the range in which the plant 2 was planted. For this reason, the reflecting plate 7 is set to the non-reflecting position in the same manner as described above. At this time, as shown in FIG. 12 (b), the light from the lamp 3 is not shielded by the light shielding plate 15, so that the light whose light distribution is moderately spread toward the side surface of the lamp 3 is irradiated downward. Become. Therefore, if the plant 2 is arranged below the lamp 3 in the longitudinal direction, the plant 2 can be irradiated with light from the lamp 3.

  Procedure 2: As shown in FIG. 13 (a), when the plant 2 grows and the distance from the lighting device 1 to the plant 2 is short, the light shielding plate 15 is moved together with the reflecting plate 7 to the reflecting position. Pull it down to the light blocking position. At this time, as shown in FIG. 13 (b), since the emitted light from the side surface direction of the lamp 3 is shielded by the light shielding plate, even if the plant 2 is arranged below the longitudinal direction of the lamp 3, this plant Excessive light irradiation is not performed and leaf burning does not occur.

  Thus, according to the illuminating device 1 which concerns on this embodiment, since the light which spreads in the longitudinal direction of the lamp | ramp 3 was light-shielded by the light-shielding plate 15, it was made not to irradiate the plant 2 which the light from the lamp | ramp 3 grew excessively. Can suppress plant leaf burns.

  In the lighting device 1, when a sufficient distance from the lamp 3 to the grown plant 2 is secured, a small hole is provided in the light shielding plate 15, and light from the lamp 3 is allowed to pass through the small hole. Thus, the plant 2 may be irradiated with light whose intensity is moderately suppressed.

(Third embodiment)
A lighting device according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15, the illuminating device 1 of the present embodiment is configured such that the position of the light-shielding plate 15 and the reflector driving mechanism 17 that changes the inclination of the reflector 7 with respect to the lamp 3 in accordance with the growth of the plant to be irradiated. And a light shielding plate driving mechanism 18 that moves up and down according to the growth of the plant. The reflection plate driving mechanism 17 is, for example, a wire winding mechanism, and opens and closes the reflection plate 7 by winding or rewinding the wires 20 connected to the respective reflection plates 7 via the fixtures 19. Adjust the tilt angle. Motors for winding the wire 20 are accommodated in a box 21 provided inside the housing 10. The light shielding plate driving mechanism 18 is, for example, a rack and pinion mechanism, and includes a rack 22 attached to the light shielding plate 15 in the vertical direction and a motor 24 that rotates a pinion 23 that meshes with the rack 22. The light shielding plate 15 is moved up and down through the pinion 23 and the rack 22 by rolling / reversing. Here, a light shielding plate driving mechanism 18 is provided corresponding to each of the two light shielding plates 15. Each of the reflector driving mechanism 17 and the light shielding plate driving mechanism 18 is controlled by a control unit 25 described later.

  As shown in FIG. 16, the illuminating device 1 measures a distance from the top portion of the plant 2 to the illuminating device 1, and a control unit 25 for controlling the operations of the reflector driving mechanism 17 and the light shielding plate driving mechanism 18. The distance sensor 26 is provided. When the measured value by the distance sensor 26 falls below the set value (when the plant 2 grows up and approaches the device 1), the control unit 25 causes the reflecting plate drive mechanism 17 to be in the reflecting position. The light shielding plate driving mechanism 18 is operated so that the light shielding plate 15 is in the light shielding position. The control unit 25 may be configured integrally with the control unit 5 (see FIG. 1) for controlling the irradiation operation of the lamp 3, or may be provided independently of the control unit 5. As the distance sensor 26, for example, an ultrasonic sensor, an infrared sensor, an image sensor, or the like can be used. The distance sensor 26 only needs to be able to acquire a measurement value for one representative plant among the plants 2 to be cultivated, and may be installed at least one place in the greenhouse 4.

  The operation of the lighting device 1 configured as described above in which the reflecting plate 7 and the light shielding plate 15 are driven by the operation control of the reflecting plate driving mechanism 17 and the light shielding plate driving mechanism 18 by the control unit 25 will be described with reference to FIG. To do. As shown in FIG. 17A, when the distance from the lighting device 1 to the plant 2 is sufficient (when the measured value by the distance sensor 26 exceeds the set value), the reflecting plate 7 is not moved by the reflecting plate driving mechanism 17. Since it is set as the reflection position, the light from the lamp 3 is efficiently distributed to the area where the plant 2 is planted. At this time, since the light shielding plate 15 is brought into the non-light shielding position by the light shielding plate driving mechanism 18, the plant 2 is irradiated with light whose light distribution is appropriately spread toward the side surface of the lamp 3 (see FIG. 12 described above). .

  And as shown in FIG.17 (b), when the distance from the illuminating device 1 to the plant 2 becomes short (when the measured value by the distance sensor 26 is less than a setting value), the reflecting plate 7 is predetermined by the reflecting plate drive mechanism 17. It is rotated to the reflection position of the tilt angle. At this time, the light from the lamp 3 is reflected by the reflecting plate 7 so that it is irradiated over a wide area, and light distribution covering the whole plant 2 that has grown can be achieved. Further, since the light shielding plate 15 is moved to the light shielding position by the light shielding plate driving mechanism 18, the light emitted from the side surface direction of the lamp 3 is cut and excessive light is irradiated to the plants arranged around the apparatus 1. This is prevented (see FIG. 13 above).

  Thus, according to the illuminating device 1 which concerns on this embodiment, since the light distribution of the light irradiated to a plant from the lamp | ramp 3 according to the growth degree of a plant can be adjusted automatically, an operator etc. distribute light. There is no need to operate the reflecting plate 7 and the light shielding plate 15 for adjustment, which is highly convenient.

  Here, in the illuminating device 1, the control unit 25 reflects the tilt angle with respect to the vertical direction of the reflector 7 as the measured value by the distance sensor 26 decreases (the plant height of the plant increases). The plate driving mechanism 17 may be controlled. Moreover, although the structure which controls the reflecting plate drive mechanism 17 and the light-shielding plate drive mechanism 18 based on the measured value by the distance sensor 26 was shown above, it is not restricted to this, The growth speed of the plant 2 in which the control part 25 is cultivated May be stored in advance as data, and the reflecting plate driving mechanism 17 and the light shielding plate driving mechanism 18 may be operated based on this data. In addition, the light illuminance received by the plant 2 to be irradiated with light on the leaf surface in the vicinity of the growth point is measured by a light sensor (for example, illuminance meter, ultraviolet intensity meter, heat ray intensity meter, etc.), and the integration detected by the light sensor When the illuminance value exceeds a predetermined value, the reflecting plate 7 may be moved to the reflecting position, assuming that the plant has grown.

(Fourth embodiment)
An illumination device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 18 and 19, the illuminating device 1 of the present embodiment includes a mist generating device 27 that generates fine water droplets for forming a light reflecting film that changes the traveling direction of light emitted from the device 1, and a mist generating device. And an illuminance sensor 28 that detects the illuminance of light emitted to the plant 2 located in the vicinity of the plant 2. The lighting device 1 also includes a control unit 29 that controls the operation of the fog generating device 27 based on the detection result of the illuminance sensor 28. Here, a plurality of fog generators 27 and illuminance sensors 28 are installed in the greenhouse 4. The fog generating device 27 is installed, for example, above a plant located away from the lighting device 1 and is suspended from the beam 41 of the greenhouse 4 with the spray port facing downward. Here, each of the mist generating devices 27 has a shape in which the devices 1 and the mist generating devices 27 are alternately arranged along the extending direction of the eaves 50. Each fog generating device 27 is connected to the control unit 29 by a power line 30. The number of fog generators 27 and the installation location are arbitrary. For example, a general-purpose sprinkler, irrigation device, fine mist device, or the like can be used as the mist generation device 27, and the structure thereof is not particularly limited, and the mist generation device 27 performs a spray action by a known mist blowing structure or vibration of an ultrasonic vibrator. Any structure may be used. A circulation mechanism may be provided in which a container for collecting water droplets sprayed from the mist generating device 27 is disposed on the ground, and water accumulated in the container is supplied to the mist generating device 27 by a pump.

  The illuminance sensor 28 is configured by, for example, an optical sensor that measures the amount of light having a spectral sensitivity matched to a wavelength generally perceived by humans, and has a function of logging the detected light illuminance at regular time intervals to calculate an integrated irradiance amount. Have. The illuminance sensor 28 is preferably suspended from the beam 41 of the house 4 so as to be located near the top of the plant 2. At this time, as shown in FIG. 20, the illuminance sensor 28 is suspended from a beam 41 via a telescopic rod member 31 so that the height position of the illuminance sensor 28 can be raised or lowered according to the growth of the plant. It is desirable to be. The illuminance sensor 28 is not limited to the above, and considering the labor of the work, the plant seedling is fixed to the average height of the crown surface until the plant seedling is planted in the cocoon 50 and finally shipped. Alternatively, it may be installed directly on the leaf surface of the top of the plant. Moreover, when the ultraviolet light source for plant disease control is used for the illumination intensity sensor 28, it is good to use the ultraviolet sensor which has spectral sensitivity in UV-B area | region (280-340 nm).

  When the integrated irradiance amount obtained by the illuminance sensor 28 falls below a predetermined level, the control unit 29 causes the mist generation device 27 to perform a mist generation operation. At this time, the control unit 29 operates the fog generating device 27 so that the lighting timing of the lamp 3 and the fog generating time by the fog generating device 27 are the same, and the integrated irradiance amount of the illuminance sensor 28 falls below a predetermined level. Even in this case, when the lamp 3 is not lit, the operation by the fog generating device 27 is not performed. Thereby, since the fog generating device 27 operates only when the lamp 3 is lit, useless power consumption can be suppressed and the running cost can be reduced.

  Here, as a comparative example for explaining the operation of the fog generating device 27, the light distribution state in the case where the fog generating device 27 is not provided in the lighting device 1 will be described with reference to FIG. The illuminating device 1 irradiates the plant 2 that has grown light from the lamp 3 over a wide range, so that the reflecting plate 7 is operated to a predetermined reflecting position, but the light reflected by the reflecting plate 7 has a substantially horizontal angle. Therefore, if the growth degree of each plant 2 is different, light distribution covering the whole plant 2 may not be performed. For example, if the plants 2B arranged on the left and right of the plant 2A immediately below the lighting device 1 have a high plant height due to the farther plants 2C, the light from the reflector 7 is shielded by the plants 2B and the light does not reach the plants 2C. Sometimes.

  Next, the operation in which the lighting device 1 of the present embodiment controls the traveling direction of the light irradiated on the plant 2 by the spraying operation of the fog generating device 27 by the control unit 29 will be described with reference to FIG. Here, the fog generating device 27 is installed above the plant 2 </ b> C located farthest from the device 1 among the plants 2 in which the light from the lamp 3 can be distributed by the reflector 7. When the light illuminance irradiated to the grown plant 2C is low (when the accumulated irradiance amount by the illuminance sensor 28 is lower than a predetermined level), the mist generating device 27 continuously sprays mist-like fine water droplets. The fine water droplets sprayed from the mist generating device 27 are set so that the average particle diameter is several μm to 1 mm or less (so-called super-mist to medium mist range). When such fine water droplets are released into the air, they drop slowly due to air resistance and stay above the plant 2C, so that the fine water droplets are on the optical path of the light reflected from the lamp 3 by the reflector 7. A light reflection curtain 32 is formed. When the light reflected from the lamp 3 by the reflecting plate 7 is applied to the light reflecting screen 32, the light reflecting screen 32 diffuses and reflects, and the traveling direction of the light changes, so that the light is directed to the plant 2C from the top to the root. Irradiated. That is, even when the plants 2A and 2B are taller than the plant 2C, it is possible to irradiate the light from the lamp 3 to the plant 2C, and light distribution covering the entire plant 2 can be performed. Here, in this operation, the reflecting plate 3 is operated to a reflecting position where the reflected light reaches the light reflecting curtain 32 beyond the plant 2B.

  Further, when an ultraviolet sensor is used as the illuminance sensor 28, the spraying operation of the fog generating device 27 is controlled so that the UV-B integrated irradiance amount to the plant becomes 1.0 kJ / m 2 or more per day. desirable. This is because when the cumulative amount of irradiance of UV-B is 1.0 kJ / m 2 or less, it is difficult to stably induce disease resistance.

  Thus, according to the illuminating device 1 which concerns on this embodiment, changing the advancing direction of the light irradiated to the plant 2 with the light reflection curtain 32 by the fog generator 27, and efficiently irradiating the whole plant 2 with light. Therefore, it is possible to reduce variations in the degree of plant growth and disease control. Moreover, since the fog generating device 27 can be used with a general-purpose watering device (such as a sprinkler), it does not require a new development cost as a device and is highly practical.

  By the way, in the above, although the structure which operates the fog generating apparatus 27 when the irradiation light quantity to the plant 2 decreased using the illumination intensity sensor 28 was shown, it is not restricted to this, The light irradiated to the plant 2 is shown. If the degree is visually confirmed and it is observed that only a small amount of light reaches the plant, the fog generating device 27 may be operated. Moreover, it is not necessary to operate the fog generating apparatus 27 every day from a viewpoint of energy saving, for example, you may make it operate every other day or less.

  Next, a modification of the illumination device 1 according to the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 23, in the illuminating device 1 which concerns on this modification, the fog generating apparatus 27 is comprised so that the fine water droplet for condensing may be sprayed toward the leaf surface of the plant 2 located in the vicinity. Unlike the above, the fog generating operation by the fog generating device 27 is performed such that a small amount of fine water droplets are intermittently discharged so that water droplets are scattered on the leaf surface of the plant 2. At this time, care should be taken not to wet the entire plant leaf, and the timing when the water droplets on the leaf surface evaporate should be taken into consideration, such as the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse where the apparatus 1 is installed. As a matter of course, spraying by the fog generator 27 is performed. Further, the interval of intermittent operation by the fog generating device 27 may be determined from past average temperature and humidity data.

  When fine water droplets are sprayed onto the plant 2 from the fog generating device 27 as described above, convex lenses 33 made of fine water droplets are formed in a halftone dot pattern on the leaf surface of the plant 2 as shown in FIG. When this convex lens 33 is irradiated with light from the illuminating device, strong light energy can be locally applied to the plant 2 by the light condensing phenomenon. Therefore, visible light for plant growth and ultraviolet light for disease control can be effectively irradiated to the plant, so that the plant growth effect and the pest control effect can be further enhanced.

  In addition, this invention is not restricted to the structure of the said various embodiment, A various deformation | transformation is possible in the range which does not change the meaning of invention. For example, in the case where the frequency of switching between the reflection / non-reflection positions is low, for example, the reflection plate 7 does not use the hinge 13 to simplify the structure so that one reflection member overlaps in half. It may be configured to be in a reflective position by being bent, and to be in a non-reflective position by being expanded to a predetermined opening degree. Moreover, although the structure which becomes a non-reflective position in the state where the reflecting plate 7 was suspended in the perpendicular direction was shown above, it is not limited to this, and the non-reflecting position is provided by arranging the reflecting plate 7 above the lamp 3. You may be comprised so that it may become. That is, as shown in FIGS. 25 and 26, the luminaire 1 includes a reflecting plate 7 that can be disposed immediately below the lamp 3, an annular internal gear 34 that has the reflecting plate 7 attached to the outer peripheral surface, and an internal tooth. And a motor 36 having an external gear 35 that meshes with the gear 34 attached thereto. The reflection plate 7 is composed of a single reflection member, and is supported by the internal gear 34 in a state of being bent to a predetermined opening degree. In this illuminating device 1, the reflecting plate 7 is placed directly under the lamp 3 to be in a reflecting position (FIG. 25), and the motor 36 rotates the external gear 35 so that the reflecting plate rotates together with the internal gear 34. It moves to a non-reflective position (FIG. 26) when positioned above the lamp 3.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Illuminating device 2 Plant 3 Lamp 7 Reflector 15 Light-shielding plate 17 Reflector driving mechanism 18 Light-shielding plate driving mechanism 27 Fog generating device 28 Illuminance sensor 32 Light reflection curtain

Claims (9)

In a lighting device for plant cultivation or plant disease control,
A straight tube-shaped lamp, and a reflector that extends along the longitudinal direction of the lamp and reflects light from the lamp;
In a state in which the apparatus is disposed above the plant to be irradiated, the reflector is configured to provide a non-reflective position where the direct light downward from the lamp is not shielded and a part of the direct light. The illumination is characterized in that a reflection position positioned in a direction intersecting the vertical direction so as to reflect in a direction perpendicular to the lamp longitudinal direction is taken and can be switched between the non-reflection position and the reflection position. apparatus.   The reflector is disposed directly below the lamp, and is vertically suspended at the non-reflective position, so that the direct light from the lamp is reflected toward the plant at the reflective position. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the lighting device is inclined.   Provided on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the lamp are light shielding plates that block direct light from the lamp, and the light shielding plates are drawn downward from both sides in the longitudinal direction of the lamp, and upward from the light shielding position. The lighting device according to claim 2, wherein the lighting device is movably provided at the retracted non-light-shielding position.   4. The illumination device according to claim 2, further comprising a reflector driving mechanism that changes an inclination of the reflector with respect to the lamp in accordance with the growth of the plant.   5. The lighting device according to claim 3, further comprising a light shielding plate driving mechanism configured to move the position of the light shielding plate up and down in accordance with plant growth.   A mist generating device that forms a light reflecting curtain composed of fine water droplets on the optical path of light reflected from the lamp by the reflecting plate, and a traveling direction of light irradiated to the plant by the light reflecting curtain by the mist generating device The lighting device according to claim 2, wherein the lighting device is controlled.   The lighting device according to claim 6, wherein the lighting timing of the lamp is the same as the fog generation time by the fog generation device.   An illuminance sensor that detects light illuminance radiated to a plant located in the vicinity of the fog generation device, and when the amount of integrated irradiance detected by the illuminance sensor falls below a predetermined level, fog generation by the fog generation device The lighting device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein an operation is performed.   The said fog generating apparatus is comprised so that the fine water droplet for condensing may be sprayed toward the leaf surface of the plant located in the vicinity, The any one of Claims 6 thru | or 8 characterized by the above-mentioned. The lighting device described in 1.

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