JP2012110825A - Distillation column and method for assembling the same - Google Patents

Distillation column and method for assembling the same Download PDF

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JP2012110825A
JP2012110825A JP2010261507A JP2010261507A JP2012110825A JP 2012110825 A JP2012110825 A JP 2012110825A JP 2010261507 A JP2010261507 A JP 2010261507A JP 2010261507 A JP2010261507 A JP 2010261507A JP 2012110825 A JP2012110825 A JP 2012110825A
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distillation
plate
tower
reflux
distillation column
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JP5603756B2 (en
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Kaoru Kameyama
薫 亀山
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MATSUI MACHINE Ltd
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MATSUI MACHINE Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0295—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used, e.g. sieve plates, packings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
    • F25J3/04884—Arrangement of reboiler-condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04896—Details of columns, e.g. internals, inlet/outlet devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04896—Details of columns, e.g. internals, inlet/outlet devices
    • F25J3/04927—Liquid or gas distribution devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F25J5/005—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger in a reboiler-condenser, e.g. within a column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/50—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using multiple (re-)boiler-condensers at different heights of the column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/74—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the partially condensed overhead gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/90—Details relating to column internals, e.g. structured packing, gas or liquid distribution

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce a working period by reducing processes in construction and maintenance.SOLUTION: In this distillation column, a filler comprising at least one of the filler and a plate is disposed in a column body having a cavity part inside. An upper end part in the column body is provided with a capacitor.

Description

この発明は、蒸留塔、さらに詳しくは、コンデンサー及びリボイラーを組み込んだ蒸留塔に関する。   The present invention relates to a distillation column, and more particularly to a distillation column incorporating a condenser and a reboiler.

蒸留塔には、連続式や回分式があるが、それらの大部分は、コンデンサーやリボイラーは、蒸留塔の外部に設けられている（特許文献１等参照）。   There are continuous and batch types of distillation columns, but most of them are provided with a condenser and a reboiler outside the distillation column (see Patent Document 1).

その例としては、図１４や図１５に示されるような蒸留塔があげられる。
これらの蒸留塔１は、内部に充填物３を充填した塔本体２を有し、この塔本体２の中央部に、蒸留対象の蒸留原料供給配管４が設けられ、ここから蒸留原料が供給される。塔本体２内に供給された蒸留原料は蒸留され、留出されたガスは塔本体２の塔頂に設けられた留出配管５から外部に出て、コンデンサー６に送られる。このコンデンサー６で、留出ガスは冷却、液化され、一部が還流配管７を経由して、塔本体２の頂部に戻されると共に、残部が次工程に送られる。なお、図１５においては、コンデンサー６で冷却、液化された還流液が貯留タンク６ａに一時的に溜められ、一部が還流配管７を経由して、塔本体２の頂部に戻されると共に、残部が次工程に送られる。 Examples thereof include a distillation column as shown in FIGS.
These distillation columns 1 have a column main body 2 filled with a packing 3 inside, and a distillation raw material supply pipe 4 to be distilled is provided at the center of the column main body 2, from which a distillation raw material is supplied. The The distillation raw material supplied into the tower body 2 is distilled, and the distilled gas exits from the distillation pipe 5 provided at the top of the tower body 2 and is sent to the condenser 6. In this condenser 6, the distillate gas is cooled and liquefied, a part thereof is returned to the top of the tower body 2 via the reflux pipe 7, and the remainder is sent to the next step. In FIG. 15, the reflux liquid cooled and liquefied by the condenser 6 is temporarily stored in the storage tank 6 a, and a part thereof is returned to the top of the tower body 2 via the reflux pipe 7, and the remainder Is sent to the next process.

また、上記塔本体２内で下方に流下した残留分は、蒸留塔の塔底に配された塔底配管８から外部に送られる。この塔底配管８に送られた残留分の大部分は、リボイラー９に送られて加熱され、液体と蒸気の混相流となり、塔底部に戻される。   In addition, the residue that has flowed downward in the tower main body 2 is sent to the outside from a tower bottom pipe 8 arranged at the tower bottom of the distillation tower. Most of the residual portion sent to the tower bottom pipe 8 is sent to the reboiler 9 and heated to become a mixed phase flow of liquid and vapor and returned to the tower bottom.

ところで、このような蒸留塔の組み立ては、各部材を蒸留塔の設置場所に持ち込み、まず、蒸留塔内に、充填材を充填し、次いで、リボイラー等の蒸留塔の底部周辺部の接続を行うと共に、コンデンサー等の蒸留塔の頂部周辺部の接続を行うことにより行われる。   By the way, in assembling such a distillation column, each member is brought into the installation location of the distillation column, and firstly, the distillation column is filled with a filler, and then the bottom peripheral portion of the distillation column such as a reboiler is connected. At the same time, it is performed by connecting the periphery of the top of the distillation column such as a condenser.

特開平６−２２６００２号公報JP-A-6-226002

ところで、コンデンサーやリボイラーを蒸留塔の外部に設ける場合、上記のように、設置場所における作業工程が多くあり、時間がかかって効率的でない。   By the way, when a condenser and a reboiler are provided outside the distillation tower, as described above, there are many work processes at the installation place, which is time consuming and inefficient.

これに対し、蒸留塔内への充填材の充填等、蒸留塔内部の組み込みを工場等で前もって行い、設置場所に搬送することが考えられる。この場合、設置場所での作業は、蒸留塔の設置、コンデンサー及びリボイラーの組み入れのみとなり、現地での作業の省力化を図ることができる。   On the other hand, it can be considered that the inside of the distillation column, such as filling of the filler in the distillation column, is carried out in advance in a factory or the like and transported to the installation location. In this case, the work at the installation site is only the installation of a distillation column and the incorporation of a condenser and a reboiler, so that labor saving at the site can be achieved.

しかし、この場合、内部の組み込みを行った蒸留塔は、搬送される際、搬送中の振動等によって、充填材同士の間に隙間ができる場合がある。この場合、所定の蒸留段数を得られなくなり、十分な蒸留が困難となることがある。   However, in this case, when the distillation column in which the inside is incorporated is transported, a gap may be formed between the fillers due to vibration during transport or the like. In this case, a predetermined number of distillation stages cannot be obtained, and sufficient distillation may be difficult.

そこで、この発明は、工場で、コンデンサー、リボイラー、充填材等の組み立て及び組み入れを行い、設置場所における蒸留塔設置の際の工程を削減し、作業期間の短縮を図ることを目的とする。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to assemble and incorporate condensers, reboilers, fillers, and the like at a factory, reduce the steps for installing a distillation tower at the installation site, and shorten the work period.

この発明は、内部に空洞部を有する塔本体の内部に充填材を充填した蒸留塔において、この塔本体の内部の上端部にコンデンサーを設けると共に、塔本体の内部の下端部にリボイラーを設けることにより、上記課題を解決したのである。   The present invention provides a distillation column in which a packing body is filled with a filler inside a column main body having a hollow portion, and a condenser is provided at an upper end portion inside the column main body and a reboiler is provided at a lower end portion inside the column main body. Thus, the above problem has been solved.

また、充填材について、その下部を塔本体に固定した格子状の充填材支持部材で支持し、かつ、その上部にリング状部材を載せ、このリング状部材を上方から押さえて固定させることができる。これにより、搬送時の振動等による充填材同士間に隙間ができるのを防止できるので、前もって、工場で充填材を塔本体へ組み入れても、所定の蒸留段数を得ることが可能となる。このため、設置場所における蒸留塔設置の際の工程を削減し、作業期間の短縮を図ることに寄与することができる。   Further, the packing material can be supported by a lattice-shaped packing material support member fixed at the lower part of the tower body, and a ring-shaped member can be placed on the upper part, and the ring-shaped member can be pressed and fixed from above. . Thereby, it is possible to prevent a gap from being formed between the packing materials due to vibration during transportation, etc., so that it is possible to obtain a predetermined number of distillation stages even if the packing material is previously incorporated into the tower body at the factory. For this reason, the process at the time of installation of the distillation tower in an installation place can be reduced, and it can contribute to aiming at shortening of an operation | work period.

さらに、上記塔本体の内部に配された上記コンデンサーと上記充填材との間に、上記塔本体の内壁に沿った周縁部に設けられるドーナツ状の還流液溜め部、この還流液溜め部の内周壁で囲まれた開口部、及びこの開口部の上方に設けられる、上記コンデンサーから流下する還流液を上記還流液溜め部に送る屋根部から構成される還流分配部を設け、上記還流液溜め部の内周壁及び底壁の少なくとも１箇所に還流孔を設けること、すなわち、還流分配機能を塔内に組み込んだことにより、還流液溜め部の液レベルを計測し、この還流孔から出て、下方の充填材に戻る還流液の量を計算することにより、還流液量と外部への抜き出し量を調整し、蒸留分離で重要な還流を管理することができる。   Further, a donut-shaped reflux liquid reservoir provided at a peripheral edge along the inner wall of the tower main body between the condenser disposed in the tower main body and the filler, and an inner portion of the reflux liquid reservoir A reflux distribution section comprising an opening surrounded by a peripheral wall, and a roof portion provided above the opening for sending the reflux liquid flowing down from the condenser to the reflux liquid reservoir; and the reflux liquid reservoir By providing a reflux hole in at least one place on the inner peripheral wall and the bottom wall, that is, by incorporating a reflux distribution function in the tower, the liquid level of the reflux liquid reservoir is measured, By calculating the amount of the reflux liquid that returns to the filler, the amount of the reflux liquid and the amount withdrawn to the outside can be adjusted, and the important reflux can be managed by distillation separation.

蒸留塔の塔本体の内部の上端部にコンデンサーを設けたので、設置場所における蒸留塔設置の際の工程を削減し、作業期間の短縮を図ることに寄与することができる。
また、充填材を固定することにより、前もって、工場で充填材を塔本体へ組み入れても、搬送時の振動等による蒸留段数の低下を抑制して、所定の蒸留段数を得ることが可能となり、設置場所における蒸留塔設置の際の工程を削減し、作業期間の短縮を図ることに寄与することができる。
さらに、塔本体の内部に配された上記コンデンサーと上記充填材との間に、所定の還流分配部及び所定の調整部を設けたので、還流液量と外部への抜き出し量を調整することができ、蒸留分離で重要な還流を管理することができる。 Since the condenser is provided at the upper end of the inside of the column main body of the distillation column, it is possible to reduce the number of steps for installing the distillation column at the installation location and to shorten the work period.
In addition, by fixing the filler in advance, even if the filler is incorporated into the tower body in the factory in advance, it is possible to obtain a predetermined number of distillation stages by suppressing a decrease in the number of distillation stages due to vibration during transportation, etc. This can contribute to shortening the work period by reducing the steps for installing the distillation tower at the installation site.
In addition, since a predetermined reflux distribution section and a predetermined adjustment section are provided between the condenser and the filler disposed inside the tower body, the amount of reflux liquid and the amount of extraction to the outside can be adjusted. It is possible to control an important reflux in the distillation separation.

この発明にかかる蒸留塔の例を示すプロセス図Process diagram showing an example of a distillation column according to the present invention （ａ）集液再分散装置の例を示す正面断面図、（ｂ）（ａ）の立面断面図、（ｃ）（ａ）の平面断面図(A) Front sectional view showing an example of a liquid collection redispersion device, (b) Elevated sectional view of (a), (c) Planed sectional view of (a) 集液再分散装置の蒸留液再分散部の例を示す斜視図The perspective view which shows the example of the distillate redispersion part of a liquid collection redispersion apparatus （ａ）充填材の固定機構の例を示す立面断面図、（ｂ）（ａ）のＢ−Ｂ断面図、（ｃ）（ａ）のＣ−Ｃ断面図(A) Elevated cross-sectional view showing an example of a fixing mechanism of the filler, (b) BB cross-sectional view of (a), (c) CC cross-sectional view of (a) （ａ）（ｂ）塔本体上端部のコンデンサーの例を示す模式図(A) (b) Schematic showing an example of a condenser at the upper end of the tower body （ａ）板状体組合せ型熱交換器に用いられる板状体の例を示す正面図、（ｂ）（ａ）のａ−ａ断面図(A) The front view which shows the example of the plate-shaped body used for a plate-shaped body combination type heat exchanger, (b) Aa sectional drawing of (a). （ａ）板状体のＡ面とＡ面とを組み合わせる様子を示す模式図、（ｂ）板状体のＡ面とＡ面とを組み合わせた状態を示す模式図、（ｃ）板状体のＢ面とＢ面とを組み合わせる様子を示す模式図、（ｄ）板状体のＢ面とＢ面とを組み合わせた状態を示す模式図、（ｅ）複数の板状体を組み合わせた状態を示す模式図(A) Schematic diagram showing how the A-side and A-plane of the plate-like body are combined, (b) Schematic diagram showing the state of combining the A-side and A-plane of the plate-like body, (c) The plate-like body Schematic diagram showing how B surface and B surface are combined, (d) Schematic diagram showing state of combining B surface and B surface of plate-like body, (e) Shows state of combining a plurality of plate-like bodies. Pattern diagram （ａ）板状体の例を示す正面図、（ｂ）（ａ）に示す板状体と凸部の形成角度の異なる板状体の例を示す正面図、（ｃ）（ａ）と（ｂ）とを重ね合わせたときの状態を示す正面図(A) Front view showing an example of a plate-like body, (b) Front view showing an example of a plate-like body having a different formation angle from the plate-like body shown in (a), (c) (a) and ( b) Front view showing the state when superimposed on （ａ）この発明の板状体組合せ型熱交換器の板状体収納筒に板状体を収納する様子を示す斜視図、（ｂ）（ａ）の部分拡大正面図、（ｃ）この発明の板状体組合せ型熱交換器の端面開口の部分の拡大断面図、（ｄ）この発明の板状体組合せ型熱交換器の正面図(A) The perspective view which shows a mode that a plate-shaped object is accommodated in the plate-shaped object storage cylinder of the plate-shaped object combination type heat exchanger of this invention, (b) The partial expanded front view of (a), (c) This invention The expanded sectional view of the part of the end surface opening of the plate-shaped body combination type heat exchanger of the above, (d) Front view of the plate-shaped body combination type heat exchanger of the present invention （ａ）還流分配部の平面断面図、（ｂ）還流分配部の拡大立面断面図(A) Plan sectional view of the reflux distribution section, (b) Expanded elevation sectional view of the reflux distribution section 還流液溜め部に設けられた縦孔及び横孔の例を示す断面図Sectional drawing which shows the example of the vertical hole and horizontal hole which were provided in the reflux liquid reservoir 還流分配部からの液を抜き出す配管の例を示すプロセス図Process diagram showing an example of piping for extracting liquid from the reflux distributor 還流比を調整するためのフロー図Flow chart for adjusting the reflux ratio 従来の蒸留塔の例を示すプロセス図Process diagram showing an example of a conventional distillation column 従来の他の蒸留塔の例を示すプロセス図Process diagram showing an example of another conventional distillation column

この発明にかかる蒸留塔１１は、図１に示すように、内部に空洞部を有する塔本体１２の内部に、充填材１３を充填した塔である。この塔本体１２の中央部付近に、蒸留原料Aを供給する蒸留原料配管１４が設けられ、ここから、蒸留原料Aは供給される。   As shown in FIG. 1, the distillation column 11 according to the present invention is a column in which a filler 13 is packed inside a column main body 12 having a hollow portion inside. A distillation raw material pipe 14 for supplying the distillation raw material A is provided in the vicinity of the center of the tower body 12, from which the distillation raw material A is supplied.

上記充填材１３は、この蒸留原料配管１４が挿入される箇所の上部と下部の少なくとも２箇所に分けて設けるのがよい。このとき、この蒸留原料配管１４の出口を、後述する集液再分散装置１７の蒸留液回収部１８の中央部の回収部材１８ａの上方となる位置に配すると、蒸留原料配管１４からの蒸留原料が、集液再分散装置を通って下部の充填材１３に送られるので、蒸留の効率をより向上させることができる。   The filler 13 is preferably provided in at least two locations, an upper portion and a lower portion where the distillation raw material pipe 14 is inserted. At this time, when the outlet of the distillation raw material pipe 14 is arranged at a position above the recovery member 18a at the center of the distillate recovery part 18 of the liquid collection redispersion device 17 to be described later, the distillation raw material from the distillation raw material pipe 14 However, since it is sent to the lower filler 13 through the liquid collection redispersion device, the efficiency of distillation can be further improved.

［充填材］
上記充填材１３としては、規則充填物があげられる。この規則充填物は、多数の孔を有するものであり、多数の孔を開けた平板体や網状体等を円柱状、塔の形状に加工したものがあげられる。この規則充填物は、その径や高さを上記塔本体の径や高さに合わせたものが使用される。この規則充填物を用いると、性能面及び圧損をより低減することができる。このような規則充填物としては、エムシーパック（マツイマシン（株）製）等があげられる。 [Filler]
An example of the filler 13 is a regular filler. This ordered packing has a large number of holes, and a flat plate or a net-like body having a large number of holes is processed into a cylindrical shape or a tower shape. This ordered packing is used in accordance with the diameter and height of the tower body. When this regular packing is used, performance and pressure loss can be further reduced. Examples of such regular packing include MC pack (manufactured by Matsui Machine Co., Ltd.).

この充填材１３は、塔本体１２内部に充填した後に搬送した場合、搬送時の振動で充填材１３同士の間に隙間が生じる場合がある。これを防ぐ手段として、充填した充填材を塔本体１２内に固定することが考えられる。   When this packing material 13 is transported after filling the inside of the tower body 12, a gap may be generated between the packing materials 13 due to vibration during transport. As a means for preventing this, it is conceivable to fix the packed filler in the tower body 12.

この固定方法として、図４（ａ）〜（ｃ）に示すように、塔本体１２に充填材支持部材１３ａを固定し、その上に上記充填材１３を載せ、そして、その上部にリング状部材１３ｂを載せ、このリング状部材１３ｂを上方から押さえる方法を採用することができる。   As this fixing method, as shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C, a packing material support member 13a is fixed to the tower body 12, the packing material 13 is placed thereon, and a ring-shaped member is placed on the top. A method of placing 13b and pressing the ring-shaped member 13b from above can be employed.

上記充填材支持部材１３ａは、図４（ｂ）に示すように、粗い格子状の形状を有しており、蒸留液や蒸留ガスは滞留させずに移動するが、充填材１３は、その下部をこの充填材支持部材１３ａによって支持される。   As shown in FIG. 4 (b), the filler support member 13a has a rough lattice shape and moves without retaining the distillate and the distillation gas. Is supported by the filler support member 13a.

また、上記リング状部材１３ｂは、図４（ａ）（ｃ）に示すように、上記充填材１３の上に載せられた部材である。そして、このリング状部材１３ｂの上方の塔本体１２内部に、係止部材１３ｃを固定するための固定部材１３ｄが形成される。この係止部材１３ｃを、リング状部材１３ｂを上方から押さえた状態で固定部材１３ｄに固定することにより、充填材１３を固定する。   The ring-shaped member 13b is a member placed on the filler 13 as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (c). A fixing member 13d for fixing the locking member 13c is formed in the tower main body 12 above the ring-shaped member 13b. The filler 13 is fixed by fixing the locking member 13c to the fixing member 13d while pressing the ring-shaped member 13b from above.

この係止部材１３ｃの具体例としては、ボルト等があげられる。また固定部材１３ｄの例としては、係止部材１３ｃとしてボルトを用いる場合、このボルトと合うねじ穴をもつ、塔本体１２に固定された板状体をあげることができる。   Specific examples of the locking member 13c include bolts. Further, as an example of the fixing member 13d, when a bolt is used as the locking member 13c, a plate-like body fixed to the tower body 12 having a screw hole that matches the bolt can be exemplified.

［集液再分散装置］
上記充填材１３を複数段設ける場合、１つの充填材１３と次の充填材１３との間に、図１や図２（ａ）〜（ｃ）に示す集液再分散装置１７を設けてもよい。この集液再分散装置１７は、図２（ａ）〜（ｃ）に示すように、上段部に設けられた蒸留液回収部１８、及び、連絡路１９を介して、下段部に設けられた蒸留液再分散部２０から構成される。 [Liquid collection redispersion device]
When providing the said filler 13 in multiple steps, even if the liquid collection re-dispersing apparatus 17 shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 (a)-(c) is provided between the one filler 13 and the following filler 13, it is. Good. As shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C, the liquid collection redispersion device 17 is provided in the lower stage portion via the distillate recovery unit 18 provided in the upper stage portion and the communication path 19. It consists of a distillate redispersion unit 20.

上記蒸留液回収部１８は、上方からの蒸留液を回収する装置であり、横断面が上方に開口したＶ字状の回収部材１８ａ、１８ｂと、これら回収部材１８ａ、１８ｂで回収した蒸留液を連絡路１９に送るための回収路１８ｃから構成される。この回収部材１８ａ、１８ｂは、２枚の板状体をＶ字状に組み合わせた形状を有する。   The distillate recovery unit 18 is an apparatus for recovering the distillate from above, and the V-shaped recovery members 18a and 18b whose cross section is open upward, and the distillate recovered by these recovery members 18a and 18b. It consists of a collection path 18 c for sending to the communication path 19. The collecting members 18a and 18b have a shape in which two plate-like bodies are combined in a V shape.

上記回収部材１８ａは、図２（ａ）に示すように、蒸留液回収部１８のほぼ中央部に、塔本体１２の軸方向と直角方向に配され、回収部材１８ｂは、回収部材１８ａの長さ方向と回収部材１８ｂの長さ方向が平行となるように、隣接して、複数個配される。この回収部材１８ｂの中央部側のＶ字の一辺、すなわち、中央部側のＶ字を構成する板状体は、他の一辺（他方の板状体）より短く設けられる。これは、回収部材１８ｂと、隣接する回収部材１８ａ又は１８ｂとの間に隙間が生じ、上方からの蒸留液が蒸留液回収部１８から外れて漏れ落ちるのを防止するためである。   As shown in FIG. 2 (a), the recovery member 18a is arranged at a substantially central portion of the distillate recovery unit 18 in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the tower body 12, and the recovery member 18b is the length of the recovery member 18a. A plurality of adjacent members are arranged so that the length direction and the length direction of the recovery member 18b are parallel to each other. One side of the V-shape on the central side of the recovery member 18b, that is, the plate-like body constituting the V-shape on the central side is provided shorter than the other side (the other plate-like body). This is because a gap is generated between the recovery member 18b and the adjacent recovery member 18a or 18b, and the distillate from above is prevented from escaping from the distillate recovery portion 18 and leaking.

上記の回収部材１８ａ及び１８ｂの底部には、それぞれ開口１８ｄが形成され、この全ての開口１８ｄの下方には、上記回収路１８ｃが配される。この回収路１８ｃには、回収部材１８ａ及び１８ｂで集められた蒸留液が、各開口１８ｄを介して送られる。そして、この集められた蒸留液は、回収路１８ｃに連結された連絡路１９に送られ、次いで、連絡路１９に連結された蒸留液再分散部２０に送られる。   Openings 18d are formed at the bottoms of the recovery members 18a and 18b, respectively, and the recovery path 18c is disposed below all the openings 18d. Distillate collected by the recovery members 18a and 18b is sent to the recovery path 18c through the openings 18d. The collected distillate is sent to the communication path 19 connected to the recovery path 18 c, and then sent to the distillate redispersion unit 20 connected to the communication path 19.

上記蒸留液再分散部２０は、連絡路１９に連結された再分散主管２０ａ、再分散主管２０ａに連結された再分散副管２０ｂから構成される。この再分散主管２０ａは、塔本体１２の軸方向と直角方向に配されると共に、上記再分散副管２０ｂは、再分散主管２０ａの側面から塔本体１２の軸方向と直角方向に突き出すように、１本又は複数本が配される。   The distillate redispersion unit 20 includes a redispersion main pipe 20a connected to the communication path 19, and a redispersion sub pipe 20b connected to the redispersion main pipe 20a. The redispersion main pipe 20a is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the tower main body 12, and the redispersion sub pipe 20b protrudes in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the tower main body 12 from the side surface of the redispersion main pipe 20a. One or more are arranged.

上記再分散副管２０ｂの上部には、図３に示すように、１つ又は複数の孔２０ｃが設けられる。また、この再分散副管２０ｂの側周面には、その側周面の上半分の面から、再分散副管２０ｂから離れた下方に向けて、蒸留液分散シート２０ｄが配される。上記再分散副管２０ｂに送られた蒸留液は、上記孔２０ｃから溢れるようにして出る。そして、この蒸留液分散シート２０ｄに沿って、その下端縁から充填材１３に、蒸留液が移動する。この蒸留液分散シート２０ｄは、再分散副管２０ｂの長手方向の全体に設けられるので、上記孔２０ｃから溢れた蒸留液が直接、充填材１３に滴下されるのを防止できる。   As shown in FIG. 3, one or a plurality of holes 20c are provided in the upper portion of the redispersion sub-pipe 20b. Further, a distillate dispersion sheet 20d is arranged on the side peripheral surface of the redispersion sub-pipe 20b from the upper half surface of the re-dispersion subpipe 20b toward the lower side away from the re-dispersion subpipe 20b. The distillate sent to the redispersion sub-pipe 20b exits so as to overflow from the hole 20c. Then, the distillate moves from the lower end edge to the filler 13 along the distillate dispersion sheet 20d. Since the distillate dispersion sheet 20d is provided over the entire length of the redispersion sub-pipe 20b, it is possible to prevent the distillate overflowing from the hole 20c from being dropped directly onto the filler 13.

上記蒸留液分散シート２０ｄは、充填材１３のより広範囲に蒸留液を送ることができ、充填材１３内での蒸留操作をより効率よく行うことを可能とすることができる。   The distillate-dispersed sheet 20d can send the distillate to a wider range of the filler 13, and can perform the distillation operation in the filler 13 more efficiently.

この蒸留液分散シート２０ｄの上端縁は、上記再分散副管２０ｂの側周面に取り付けられるが、その取付位置は、側周面の上半分の面であればよく、上記孔２０ｃを覆う形としてもよい。ただし、孔２０ｃを覆う場合、孔２０ｃは塞がれないように、隙間が設けられる。   The upper end edge of the distillate dispersion sheet 20d is attached to the side peripheral surface of the re-dispersion sub-pipe 20b. The attachment position may be the upper half surface of the side peripheral surface and covers the hole 20c. It is good. However, when covering the hole 20c, a gap is provided so that the hole 20c is not blocked.

この上記蒸留液分散シート２０ｄの下端縁は、充填材１３への蒸留液の移動を容易ならしめるため、図３に示すように、ヒダ状としてもよい。ヒダ状以外に、この下端部は、凸凹状、ジグザグ状等の形としてもよい。   The lower end edge of the distillate dispersion sheet 20d may have a pleat shape as shown in FIG. 3 in order to facilitate movement of the distillate to the filler 13. In addition to the pleat shape, the lower end portion may have a shape such as an uneven shape or a zigzag shape.

また、この蒸留液分散シート２０ｄは、蒸留液がこのシート全面に行き渡らせるため、凸凹状、孔を開けたシート状、金網状のいずれの形態を採用してもよい。   Further, the distillate-dispersed sheet 20d may be in any form of irregularity, a sheet with holes, or a wire netting because the distillate spreads over the entire surface of the sheet.

上記蒸留液再分散部２０は、上記したリング状部材１３ｂに取り付けられる。このため、このリング状部材１３ｂは、充填材１３を上から押さえる役目と、蒸留液再分散部２０を保持する役目の両方を担うこととなる。なお、図２（ａ）（ｂ）には、上記した係止部材１３ｃ及び固定部材１３ｄを図示していない。   The distillate redispersion unit 20 is attached to the ring-shaped member 13b described above. For this reason, this ring-shaped member 13b bears both the role which hold | suppresses the filler 13 from the top, and the role which hold | maintains the distillate redispersion part 20. FIG. 2A and 2B do not show the locking member 13c and the fixing member 13d.

ところで、この蒸留液回収部１８の上方の塔本体１２内周面には、図２（ａ）〜（ｃ）に示すように、下端縁が内向きの傾斜を有する蒸留液誘導筒１８ｅが取り付けられる。これにより、塔本体１２内周面を伝った蒸留液は、この蒸留液誘導筒１８ｅによって、塔本体１２の内周面より少し内側に誘導され、回収部材１８ａ又は１８ｂ上に落下する。このため、塔本体１２内周面を伝って、充填材１３の中に入らない蒸留液が生じるのを防止することができる。   By the way, as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) to 2 (c), a distillate guide tube 18e having a lower end edge inclined inward is attached to the inner peripheral surface of the tower body 12 above the distillate recovery unit 18. It is done. Thereby, the distillate transmitted through the inner peripheral surface of the column main body 12 is guided slightly inward from the inner peripheral surface of the column main body 12 by the distillate induction tube 18e, and falls on the recovery member 18a or 18b. For this reason, it can prevent that the distillate which does not enter in the packing material 13 along the inner peripheral surface of the tower main body 12 arises.

［コンデンサー］
上記塔本体１２の内部の上端部には、コンデンサー１５が設けられる。図１に示すように、コンデンサー１５が塔本体１２内部に設けられるので、蒸留塔自体がコンパクトになると共に、塔本体１２とコンデンサー１５とを接続する連結管がなくなり、保温処置等が不要となる。 [condenser]
A condenser 15 is provided at the upper end inside the tower body 12. As shown in FIG. 1, since the condenser 15 is provided inside the column main body 12, the distillation column itself becomes compact, and there is no connection pipe connecting the column main body 12 and the condenser 15, so that no heat retention treatment or the like is required. .

このコンデンサー１５としては、図１に示すように、多数の管を何重にも配した多管式熱交換器１５ａの軸方向を、塔本体１２の軸方向に沿わせて配したものをあげることができる。この場合、多管式熱交換器１５ａを塔本体１２の内部に完全に収納することができる。   As this condenser 15, as shown in FIG. 1, there is one in which the axial direction of a multi-tubular heat exchanger 15 a in which a number of tubes are arranged in multiple layers is arranged along the axial direction of the tower body 12. be able to. In this case, the multitubular heat exchanger 15a can be completely accommodated inside the tower body 12.

また、図５（ａ）に示すように、この多管式熱交換器１５ａの軸方向を、塔本体１２の軸方向に対して直角方向に配した多管式熱交換器１５ｂを用いてもよい。   Further, as shown in FIG. 5A, a multitubular heat exchanger 15b in which the axial direction of the multitubular heat exchanger 15a is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the tower body 12 may be used. Good.

［板状体組合せ型熱交換器］
さらに、他のコンデンサーとして、図５（ｂ）に示すような、凹凸を有する板状体の組み合わせから形成される板状体組合せ型熱交換器１５ｃを、塔本体１２の内部の上端部に配してもよい。 [Plate-like heat exchanger]
Furthermore, as another condenser, a plate combination heat exchanger 15c formed of a combination of uneven plates as shown in FIG. 5 (b) is arranged at the upper end inside the tower body 12. May be.

この板状体組合せ型熱交換器１５ｃは、凹凸を有する板状体２１を複数枚、組み合わせて形成したものである。この板状体２１としては、図６（ａ）（ｂ）に示される円盤体２１ａをあげることができる。   This plate-like combination heat exchanger 15c is formed by combining a plurality of plate-like bodies 21 having irregularities. An example of the plate-like body 21 is a disc body 21a shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b).

この板状体２１は、多数の並行した筋状の凸部２２ａが形成されると共に、周縁部に近い箇所に２箇所、孔部２３が設けられたものである。この凸部２２ａの裏側は凹部２２ｂを形成しており、また、孔部２３の周縁は、凹部２２ｂの底部と同じ位置（高さ）で孔部周縁平面部２３ａを形成する。   The plate-like body 21 is formed with a large number of parallel streak-like convex portions 22a and two holes 23 at locations close to the peripheral edge. The back side of the convex portion 22a forms a concave portion 22b, and the peripheral edge of the hole portion 23 forms the hole peripheral edge flat portion 23a at the same position (height) as the bottom portion of the concave portion 22b.

この板状体２１は、上記孔部２３を重ね合わせて使用される。この板状体２１の凸部２２ａが出た面（以下、「Ａ面」と称することがある。）と他の板状体２１のＡ面とを重ね合わせると、図７（ａ）（ｂ）に示すように、一方の板状体２１の凸部２２ａの頂部と、他方の板状体２１の凸部２２ａの頂部が当たって重ね合わされる。そして、板状体２１の凹部２２ｂは、両隣の凸部２２ａの間に挟まれて、隙間部２４ａを形成する。また、板状体２１の周縁部は、外部と連結した隙間部である開放部２５が形成される。   This plate-like body 21 is used with the above-mentioned hole portions 23 being overlapped. When the surface from which the convex portion 22a of the plate-like body 21 protrudes (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “A-plane”) and the A-plane of the other plate-like body 21 are overlapped, FIG. ), The top of the convex portion 22a of one plate-like body 21 and the top of the convex portion 22a of the other plate-like body 21 are brought into contact with each other. And the recessed part 22b of the plate-shaped body 21 is pinched | interposed between the adjacent convex parts 22a, and forms the clearance gap part 24a. Moreover, the opening part 25 which is the clearance gap connected with the exterior is formed in the peripheral part of the plate-shaped object 21. As shown in FIG.

また、この板状体２１の凸部２２ａが出た面と反対の面（凹部２２ｂのある側の面、以下、「Ｂ面」と称することがある。）と他の板状体２１のＢ面とを重ね合わせると、図７（ｃ）（ｄ）に示すように、２つの板状体２１の周縁部同士及び凹部２２ｂの部分が、ぴったり重なり合う。そして、板状体の凸部２２ａは、両隣の凹部２２ｂの間に挟まれて、隙間部２４ｂを形成する。   Further, the surface opposite to the surface from which the convex portion 22a of the plate-like body 21 protrudes (the surface on the side having the concave portion 22b, hereinafter may be referred to as “B surface”) and the B of the other plate-like body 21. When the surfaces are overlapped, as shown in FIGS. 7C and 7D, the peripheral portions of the two plate-like bodies 21 and the concave portions 22b are exactly overlapped. And the convex part 22a of a plate-shaped body is pinched | interposed between the adjacent recessed parts 22b, and forms the clearance gap part 24b.

一方、孔部周縁平面部２３ａは、凹部２２ｂの底部と同じ位置（高さ）に形成されているので、隙間部２４ｃが形成される。この隙間部２４ｃは、孔部２３と繋っている。   On the other hand, the hole peripheral plane portion 23a is formed at the same position (height) as the bottom of the recess 22b, so that a gap 24c is formed. The gap portion 24 c is connected to the hole portion 23.

ところで、図８（ａ）（ｂ）に示すように、板状体２１の凸部２２ａ（凹部２２ｂ）は、２つの孔部２３の中心同士を結んだ線に対し、０°より大きく、９０°より小さい角度（９０°より大きく、１８０°より小さい角度）を付けて形成し、かつ、２枚の板状体２１の凸部２２ａを形成する角度を変えることが考えられる。この場合、２枚の板状体２１のＡ面同士を重ね合わると、図８（ｃ）に示すように、１枚の板状体２１の凸部２２ａ（凹部２２ｂ）と、他の１枚の板状体２１の凸部２２ａ（凹部２２ｂ）とは、交差することとなる。このとき、凹部２２ｂで形成される隙間部２４ａは、網目状に連結することとなり、１つの隙間部２４ａに入った流れは、交差部で他の隙間部２４ａに移行することが可能となる。このため、１つの隙間部２４ａに入った流れは、全ての隙間部２４ａに伝播し得ることとなる。   By the way, as shown to Fig.8 (a) (b), the convex part 22a (concave part 22b) of the plate-shaped body 21 is larger than 0 degree with respect to the line | wire which connected the centers of the two hole parts 23, and 90 It is conceivable to form an angle smaller than 90 ° (an angle larger than 90 ° and smaller than 180 °) and to change the angle at which the convex portions 22a of the two plate-like bodies 21 are formed. In this case, when the A surfaces of the two plate-like bodies 21 are overlapped with each other, as shown in FIG. 8C, the convex portion 22a (concave portion 22b) of one plate-like body 21 and the other one piece. The projecting portion 22a (concave portion 22b) of the plate-like body 21 intersects. At this time, the gap 24a formed by the recess 22b is connected in a mesh shape, and the flow that has entered one gap 24a can be transferred to another gap 24a at the intersection. For this reason, the flow that has entered one gap 24a can propagate to all the gaps 24a.

また、２枚の板状体２１のＢ面同士を重ね合わせた場合、図８（ｃ）に示す場合と同様に、１枚の板状体２１の凹部２２ｂ（凸部２２ａ）と、他の１枚の板状体２１の凹部２２ｂ（凸部２２ａ）とは、交差することとなる。このとき、凸部２２ａで形成される隙間部２４ｂは、網目状に連結することとなり、１つの隙間部２４ｂに入った流れは、交差部で他の隙間部２４ｂに移行することが可能となる。また、一部の隙間部２４ｂは、孔部周縁平面部２３ａに形成される隙間部２４ｃを介して、孔部２３と繋がる。このため、孔部２３から供給される流れは、隙間部２４ｃを通って、隙間部２４ｂに入り、交差部で他の隙間部２４ｂに移行することが可能となる。このため、孔部２３からの流れは、全ての隙間部２４ｂに伝播し得ることとなる。   Further, when the B surfaces of the two plate-like bodies 21 are overlapped with each other, similarly to the case shown in FIG. 8C, the concave portion 22b (convex portion 22a) of one plate-like body 21 and the other The concave portion 22b (convex portion 22a) of one plate-like body 21 intersects. At this time, the gaps 24b formed by the protrusions 22a are connected in a mesh shape, and the flow that has entered one gap 24b can be transferred to another gap 24b at the intersection. . A part of the gaps 24b is connected to the hole 23 via a gap 24c formed in the hole peripheral plane part 23a. For this reason, the flow supplied from the hole portion 23 can enter the gap portion 24b through the gap portion 24c and can move to the other gap portion 24b at the intersection. For this reason, the flow from the hole 23 can propagate to all the gaps 24b.

上記板状体２１の重ね合わせは、図７（ｅ）に示すように、１枚目の板状体２１のＡ面に２枚目の板状体２１のＡ面を重ね合わせ、２枚目の板状体２１のＢ面に３枚目の板状体２１のＢ面を重ね合わせるという重ね合わせ方を繰り返していくことにより行われる。すなわち、１枚の板状体２１を、［Ａ：Ｂ］で表したとき、
……：Ａ］−［Ａ：Ｂ］−［Ｂ：Ａ］−［Ａ：Ｂ］−［Ｂ：……
となる。 As shown in FIG. 7E, the plate-like body 21 is overlaid by superposing the A-side of the second plate-like body 21 on the A-side of the first plate-like body 21. This is performed by repeating the superposition method of superposing the B surface of the third plate-like body 21 on the B-side of the plate-like body 21. That is, when one plate-like body 21 is represented by [A: B],
...: A]-[A: B]-[B: A]-[A: B]-[B: ...
It becomes.

この重ね合わせた板状体２１の群を、図９（ａ）（ｂ）に示すように、板状体収納筒２６に挿入することにより、板状体組合せ型熱交換器１５ｃを形成することができる。この板状体組合せ型熱交換器１５ｃは、板状体収納筒２６内に板状体２１を収納した熱交換器である。この板状体収納筒２６には、側周面に側面開口２６ａ及び２６ｂが設けられると共に、端面に端面開口２６ｃ及び２６ｄが設けられる。   As shown in FIGS. 9 (a) and 9 (b), this group of stacked plate-like bodies 21 is inserted into the plate-like body storage cylinder 26 to form a plate-like body combination type heat exchanger 15c. Can do. This plate-shaped body combination type heat exchanger 15 c is a heat exchanger in which the plate-shaped body 21 is housed in the plate-shaped body housing cylinder 26. The plate-like body storage cylinder 26 is provided with side openings 26a and 26b on the side peripheral surface and end face openings 26c and 26d on the end face.

この板状体組合せ型熱交換器１５ｃを使用する際に、上方に向けられる側面開口２６ａは、下方に向けられる側面開口２６ｂより大きな穴で形成される。これは、下方に向けられる側面開口２６ｂが大きいと、より下方からの蒸留ガスが板状体組合せ型熱交換器１５ｃ内部に入りやすくなり、板状体組合せ型熱交換器１５ｃ内部での熱交換機能に影響を与えるからである。   When this plate-shaped body combination heat exchanger 15c is used, the side opening 26a directed upward is formed with a larger hole than the side opening 26b directed downward. This is because if the side opening 26b directed downward is large, the distillation gas from below tends to enter the plate-like combination heat exchanger 15c, and heat exchange inside the plate-like combination heat exchanger 15c. This is because the function is affected.

また、図９（ｃ）（ｄ）に示すように、この板状体組合せ型熱交換器１５ｃの内部の板状体２１の一方の孔部２３に繋がるように、板状体収納筒２６の一方の端面に端面開口２６ｃを設け、また、他方の孔部２３に繋がるように、他方の端面に端面開口２６ｄを設けたとき、一方の端面開口から流体を流入させると、板状体２１のＢ面同士を重ね合わせたときに生じる隙間部２４ｂ及び隙間部２４ｃを経由して、他方の端面開口２６ｄから流体を流出させることができる。   Further, as shown in FIGS. 9C and 9D, the plate-like body storage cylinder 26 is connected to one hole 23 of the plate-like body 21 inside the plate-like body combination heat exchanger 15c. When an end face opening 26c is provided on one end face and an end face opening 26d is provided on the other end face so as to be connected to the other hole 23, if a fluid is introduced from one end face opening, the plate-like body 21 The fluid can flow out from the other end face opening 26d via the gap 24b and the gap 24c generated when the B surfaces are overlapped.

このようにして、側面開口又は端面開口のいずれか一方から板状体組合せ型熱交換器１５ｃに、蒸留ガスを通し、他方の端面開口又は側面開口に冷媒を流すことにより、熱交換が可能となり、蒸留ガスを液化し、還流液とすることができる。また、リボイラーとして用いた場合は、蒸留液を蒸発させることができる。   In this way, heat can be exchanged by passing distilled gas from either the side opening or the end opening to the plate-like combination heat exchanger 15c and flowing the refrigerant through the other end opening or side opening. The distillation gas can be liquefied to obtain a reflux liquid. When used as a reboiler, the distillate can be evaporated.

［還流分配部］
次に、上記のコンデンサー１５を塔本体１２の内部の上端部に設けた場合、冷却され、液化した蒸留物である還流液は、すべて流下し、還流液溜め部３２に集液される。そして、一部を充填材１３に流下させ、残りを還流液として取り出して次工程に送られる場合が多い。そのため、上記コンデンサー１５と充填材１３との間に、図１に示すような還流分配部３１を設けることが考えられる。 [Reflux distribution section]
Next, when the condenser 15 is provided at the upper end of the inside of the tower body 12, all the refluxed liquid, which is cooled and liquefied distillate, flows down and is collected in the reflux liquid storage part 32. Then, in many cases, a part is caused to flow down to the filler 13 and the rest is taken out as a reflux liquid and sent to the next process. Therefore, it is conceivable to provide a reflux distribution section 31 as shown in FIG. 1 between the condenser 15 and the filler 13.

この還流分配部３１は、詳細は図１０（ａ）（ｂ）に示すように、塔本体１２の内壁に沿った周縁部に設けられるドーナツ状の還流液溜め部３２、この還流液溜め部３２の内周壁で囲まれた開口部３３、この開口部３３の上方に設けられる屋根部３４から形成される。この屋根部３４は、コンデンサー１５から落下する還流液が、開口部３３から、充填材１３に直接、落下するのを防止し、還流液溜め部３２に送る働きを有する。   As shown in detail in FIGS. 10 (a) and 10 (b), the reflux distributor 31 includes a donut-shaped reflux liquid reservoir 32 provided at the peripheral edge along the inner wall of the tower body 12, and the reflux liquid reservoir 32. Are formed from an opening 33 surrounded by an inner peripheral wall and a roof 34 provided above the opening 33. The roof portion 34 has a function of preventing the reflux liquid falling from the condenser 15 from dropping directly from the opening 33 to the filler 13 and sending it to the reflux liquid reservoir 32.

上記の還流液溜め部３２の内周壁及び底壁の少なくとも１箇所には、図１１に示すように、還流孔３５を有する。還流液溜め部３２にきた還流液は、この還流孔３５から、受け部３６及び充填材１３上部に設けられた液分散装置受け部３７を介して、液分散装置３８から充填材１３の上面に均等になるように送られ、蒸留に供与される。   As shown in FIG. 11, a reflux hole 35 is provided in at least one place on the inner peripheral wall and the bottom wall of the reflux liquid reservoir 32. The reflux liquid that has entered the reflux liquid reservoir 32 passes from the reflux hole 35 to the upper surface of the filler 13 from the liquid dispersion device 38 via the receiver 36 and the liquid dispersion device receiver 37 provided on the filler 13. Sent evenly and donated to distillation.

ところで、上記還流液溜め部３２に溜まった還流液は、上記還流液溜め部３２の内周壁や底壁に設けられた孔から、図１１の矢印に示されるような流れで流出する。すなわち、底壁に設けられた縦孔３５ａからは、還流液溜め部３２に溜まる還流液の高さにしたがった流量でほぼ均一に流出する。一方、内周壁に設けられた横孔３５ｂからは、横孔３５ｂの設けられた位置（底壁からの高さ）によって、流出量は変わる。この横孔３５ｂからの流量は、下記式（１）で示されるトリチェリの定理で算出することができる。
Ｑ＝Ｃ×ａ×（２×ｇ×Ｈ）１／２ （１）
（なお、Ｑは流量（ｍ３／ｓ）、Ｃは流量係数、ａは孔の断面積（ｍ２）、ｇは重力加速度（ｍ／ｓ２）、Ｈは液深（ｍ）を示す。） By the way, the reflux liquid collected in the reflux liquid reservoir 32 flows out from the holes provided in the inner peripheral wall and the bottom wall of the reflux liquid reservoir 32 in the flow shown by the arrow in FIG. That is, the liquid flows out substantially uniformly from the vertical hole 35a provided in the bottom wall at a flow rate according to the height of the reflux liquid accumulated in the reflux liquid reservoir 32. On the other hand, from the horizontal hole 35b provided in the inner peripheral wall, the outflow amount varies depending on the position (height from the bottom wall) where the horizontal hole 35b is provided. The flow rate from the horizontal hole 35b can be calculated by the Torrichelli theorem represented by the following equation (1).
Q = C × a × (2 × g × H) 1/2 (1)
(Q is the flow rate (m 3 / s), C is the flow coefficient, a is the cross-sectional area (m 2 ) of the hole, g is the gravitational acceleration (m / s 2 ), and H is the liquid depth (m). )

これらから、上記還流液溜め部３２に溜められる還流液の高さを所定値としたときの還流量、すなわち、上記還流液溜め部３２の孔からの流出量は、計算できるので、目的の還流量にあわせて、設ける穴の位置、数及び大きさを調整することができる。   From these, the amount of reflux when the height of the reflux liquid stored in the reflux liquid reservoir 32 is set to a predetermined value, that is, the outflow from the hole of the reflux liquid reservoir 32 can be calculated. The position, number and size of the holes to be provided can be adjusted according to the flow rate.

ところで、上記還流液溜め部３２に溜められる還流液の高さは、図１０（ｂ）に示すように、この還流液溜め部３２に液面計３９を差し込むことにより、測定することができる。この液面計３９としては、上記還流液溜め部３２に差し込むことができ、かつ、データの表示部分を塔本体１２の外部に配置することのできる装置であればよい。そのような液面計の中でも、２線式ウェーブガイドレーダー式の液面計を用いるのがより好ましい。この液面計は、検出器の部分が一本の曲げることが可能な棒状であり、取扱いが容易であり、また、液の物性や液の流動に関わらず、正確な液レベルを表示できるという特徴を有する。   Incidentally, the height of the reflux liquid stored in the reflux liquid reservoir 32 can be measured by inserting a liquid level gauge 39 into the reflux liquid reservoir 32 as shown in FIG. The liquid level gauge 39 may be any device that can be inserted into the reflux liquid reservoir 32 and can display the data display portion outside the tower body 12. Among such liquid level gauges, it is more preferable to use a two-wire waveguide radar type liquid level gauge. This level gauge is a rod that can be bent as a single detector. It is easy to handle, and can display the exact liquid level regardless of the physical properties and flow of the liquid. Has characteristics.

また、図１０（ａ）（ｂ）、図１２に示すように、上記還流液溜め部３２の底部には、還流液を抜き出す抜き出し管４０を有しており、この抜き出し管４０を介して、塔本体１２の外部に還流液を抜き出し、制御弁４１、流量計４２を介して、次工程に供給される。   Further, as shown in FIGS. 10A, 10B, and 12, the bottom of the reflux liquid reservoir 32 has an extraction pipe 40 for extracting the reflux liquid, and through the extraction pipe 40, The reflux liquid is extracted outside the tower body 12 and supplied to the next step via the control valve 41 and the flow meter 42.

この発明にかかる蒸留塔１１の還流比、すなわち、上記還流液溜め部３２の還流孔３５からの流出量と、抜き出し管４０からの抜き出し量との比は、制御弁４１を調整することにより設定することができる。具体的には、図１３に示すように、流量計４２により、流量（Ｄ）の測定を行う。また、このＤの値と、液面計３９による還流液溜め部３２の液面高さの変化を測定し、還流量（Ｒ）を算出する。次いで、Ｒ及びＤより還流比（Ｒ／Ｄ）を算出し、その値が設定値より大きい場合は、Ｄを増やすように制御弁４１を開く方向に作動させ、一方、設定値より小さい場合は、Ｄを減らすように、制御弁４１を閉める方向に作動させる。この調整を適宜行うことにより、還流比を所定の値に保つことができる。   The reflux ratio of the distillation column 11 according to the present invention, that is, the ratio of the amount of outflow from the reflux hole 35 of the reflux liquid reservoir 32 and the amount of withdrawal from the withdrawal pipe 40 is set by adjusting the control valve 41. can do. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 13, the flow rate (D) is measured by the flow meter 42. Further, the value of D and the change in the liquid level of the reflux liquid reservoir 32 by the liquid level gauge 39 are measured, and the reflux amount (R) is calculated. Next, the reflux ratio (R / D) is calculated from R and D, and when the value is larger than the set value, the control valve 41 is operated to open so as to increase D. , The control valve 41 is operated in the closing direction so as to reduce D. By appropriately performing this adjustment, the reflux ratio can be maintained at a predetermined value.

［リボイラー］
次に、上記塔本体１２の内部の下端部には、図１に示すように、リボイラー１６が設けられる。このリボイラー１６としては、凹凸を有する板状体の組み合わせから形成されるもの、すなわち、上記した板状体組合せ型熱交換器１５ｃと同様の板状体組合せ型熱交換器１６ａを用いることができる。これは、側面開口又は端面開口の一方（図１では端面開口）から熱媒体を供給し、側面開口又は端面開口の他方（図１では底面側の側面開口）に高沸分が入ることができるようにすることにより、高沸分の再加熱が可能となる。そして、この再加熱により気化したものは、上面に開口された部分（図１では、上面側の側面開口）より上昇して充填材１３内に入り、再び蒸留にかけられる。一方、蒸発しない液状物は、蒸留残分として塔本体１２の下端から抜き出され、次の工程に送られる。 [Reboiler]
Next, as shown in FIG. 1, a reboiler 16 is provided at the lower end inside the tower body 12. As this reboiler 16, what is formed from the combination of the plate-shaped body which has an unevenness | corrugation, ie, the plate-shaped body combination type heat exchanger 16a similar to the above-mentioned plate-shaped body combination type heat exchanger 15c, can be used. . This can supply a heat medium from one of the side opening or the end opening (end opening in FIG. 1), and a high boiling point can enter the other of the side opening or the end opening (side opening on the bottom side in FIG. 1). By doing so, reheating of a high boiling point part is attained. Then, the gasified by this reheating rises from the portion opened on the upper surface (in FIG. 1, the side surface opening on the upper surface side) and enters the filler 13 and is again subjected to distillation. On the other hand, the liquid that does not evaporate is extracted from the lower end of the tower body 12 as a distillation residue and sent to the next step.

板状体組合せ型熱交換器１６ａを設ける数は、図１に記載のような２つに限られるものではなく、リボイラーとしての能力に合わせて任意に設置すればよい。また、この板状体組合せ型熱交換器１６ａの大きさは、塔本体１２の大きさや、蒸留対象物等にあわせて、任意に選択することができる。   The number of plate-like combination heat exchangers 16a provided is not limited to two as shown in FIG. 1, but may be arbitrarily set according to the reboiler capability. In addition, the size of the plate-like combination heat exchanger 16a can be arbitrarily selected according to the size of the column main body 12 and the distillation object.

上記の通り、図１において、リボイラー１6を塔本体１２の外部に設けた場合、リボイラー１6と塔底部との接続配管の設置、及びリボイラーの取付架台等の関連設備の設置は蒸留塔の設置場所で行うことになるが、リボイラー１６を塔本体１２の内部の下端部に設ける場合は、リボイラー１６と塔底部との接続配管、及びリボイラーの取付架台等の関連設備の設置は不要となり、設置場所での工事を短期間で済ませることが可能となる。   As described above, in FIG. 1, when the reboiler 16 is provided outside the tower main body 12, the installation of the connection pipe between the reboiler 16 and the bottom of the tower and the installation of related equipment such as the reboiler mounting stand are the installation locations of the distillation tower. However, when the reboiler 16 is provided at the lower end of the inside of the tower body 12, it is not necessary to install related equipment such as a connecting pipe between the reboiler 16 and the bottom of the tower and a reboiler mounting base. It will be possible to complete the construction in a short time.

上記の蒸留塔１１において、コンデンサー、還流分配器、充填物、リボイラー等の組み込みを工場で行うことのできる大きさは、充填物の形状の制限から、塔径が８５０ｍｍφ以下のものが好ましく、８００ｍｍφ以下のものがより好ましい。   In the distillation column 11 described above, the size at which the condenser, reflux distributor, packing, reboiler, etc. can be incorporated in the factory is preferably a column with a column diameter of 850 mmφ or less due to limitations on the shape of the packing, The following are more preferable.

この発明にかかる蒸留塔の組み立ては、上記の通り、内部に空洞部を有する塔本体の内部に充填材を充填・固定すると共に、上記塔本体の内部の上端部にコンデンサーを設け、かつ、上記塔本体の内部の下端部にリボイラーを設けることにより、蒸留塔を組み上げる。これは、工場内で行うことができる。次いで、組み上げられた蒸留塔を、設置場所に運び、設置する。これにより、設置場所における工事を大幅に減らすことができ、設置場所における工事を省力化することが可能となる。   The assembly of the distillation column according to the present invention, as described above, fills and fixes the packing material inside the column main body having a hollow portion therein, provides a condenser at the upper end of the column main body, and The distillation column is assembled by providing a reboiler at the lower end inside the column body. This can be done in the factory. Next, the assembled distillation tower is transported to the installation location and installed. Thereby, the construction at the installation location can be greatly reduced, and the construction at the installation location can be saved.

１ 蒸留塔
２ 塔本体
３ 充填物
４ 蒸留原料供給配管
５ 留出配管
６ コンデンサー
６ａ 貯留タンク
７ 還流配管
８ 塔底配管
９ リボイラー DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Distillation tower 2 Tower body 3 Packing material 4 Distillation raw material supply piping 5 Distillation piping 6 Condenser 6a Storage tank 7 Reflux piping 8 Tower bottom piping 9 Reboiler

１１ 蒸留塔
１２ 塔本体
１３ 充填材
１３ａ 充填材支持部材
１３ｂ リング状部材
１３ｃ 係止部材
１３ｄ 固定部材
１４ 蒸留原料配管
１５ コンデンサー
１５ａ 多管式熱交換器
１５ｂ 多管式熱交換器
１５ｃ 板状体組合せ型熱交換器
１６ リボイラー
１７ 集液再分散装置
１８ 蒸留液回収部
１８ａ、１８ｂ 回収部材
１８ｃ 回収路
１８ｄ 開口
１８ｅ 蒸留液誘導筒
１９ 連絡路
２０ 蒸留液再分散部
２０ａ 再分散主管
２０ｂ 再分散副管
２０ｃ 孔
２０ｄ 蒸留液分散シート DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Distillation tower 12 Tower main body 13 Filler 13a Filler support member 13b Ring-shaped member 13c Locking member 13d Fixing member 14 Distillation raw material piping 15 Condenser 15a Multitubular heat exchanger 15b Multitubular heat exchanger 15c Plate body combination Type heat exchanger 16 Reboiler 17 Liquid collection redispersion device 18 Distilled liquid recovery parts 18a, 18b Recovery member 18c Recovery path 18d Opening 18e Distillate liquid guide cylinder 19 Connection path 20 Distillate redispersion part 20a Redispersion main pipe 20b Redispersion sub pipe 20c hole 20d distillate dispersion sheet

２１ 板状体
２１ａ 円盤体
２２ａ 筋状の凸部
２２ｂ 筋状の凹部
２３ 孔部
２３ａ 孔部周縁平面部
２４ａ 隙間部
２４ｂ 隙間部
２４ｃ 隙間部
２５ 開放部
２６ 板状体収納筒
２６ａ 側面開口
２６ｂ 側面開口
２６ｃ 端面開口
２６ｄ 端面開口 21 Plate-shaped body 21a Disc body 22a Streaky convex portion 22b Streaky concave portion 23 Hole portion 23a Hole peripheral plane portion 24a Clearance portion 24b Clearance portion 24c Clearance portion 25 Opening portion 26 Plate-like body storage cylinder 26a Side opening 26b Side surface Opening 26c End face opening 26d End face opening

３１ 還流分配部
３２ 還流液溜め部
３３ 開口部
３４ 屋根部
３５ 還流孔
３５ａ 縦孔
３５ｂ 横孔
３６ 受け部
３７ 液分散装置受け部
３８ 液分散装置
３９ 液面計
４０ 抜き出し管
４１ 制御弁
４２ 流量計 31 Reflux distribution section 32 Reflux liquid reservoir section 33 Opening section 34 Roof section 35 Reflux hole 35a Vertical hole 35b Horizontal hole 36 Receiving section 37 Liquid dispersion apparatus receiving section 38 Liquid dispersion apparatus 39 Liquid level gauge 40 Extraction pipe 41 Control valve 42 Flow meter

Claims (6)

内部に空洞部を有する塔本体の内部に充填材を充填した蒸留塔において、
上記塔本体の内部の上端部にコンデンサーを設けると共に、上記塔本体の内部の下端部にリボイラーを設けた蒸留塔。 In a distillation column filled with a packing material inside a column main body having a hollow portion inside,
A distillation column in which a condenser is provided at an upper end portion inside the column main body and a reboiler is provided at a lower end portion inside the column main body. 上記塔本体の内部に配された上記コンデンサーと上記充填材との間に、上記塔本体の内壁に沿った周縁部に設けられるドーナツ状の還流液溜め部、この還流液溜め部の内周壁で囲まれた開口部、及びこの開口部の上方に設けられる、上記コンデンサーから流下する還流液を上記還流液溜め部に送る屋根部から構成される還流分配部を設け、
上記還流液溜め部の内周壁及び底壁の少なくとも１箇所に還流孔を有する請求項１に記載の蒸留塔。 Between the condenser disposed inside the tower body and the filler, a donut-shaped reflux liquid reservoir provided at the peripheral edge along the inner wall of the tower body, and an inner peripheral wall of the reflux liquid reservoir Provided is a reflux distribution section composed of an enclosed opening, and a roof section that is provided above the opening and that feeds the reflux liquid flowing down from the condenser to the reflux liquid reservoir.
The distillation column according to claim 1, wherein a reflux hole is provided in at least one of the inner peripheral wall and the bottom wall of the reflux liquid reservoir. 上記コンデンサーは、多管式の熱交換器や、凹凸を有する板状体の組み合わせから形成される熱交換器である請求項１又は２に記載の蒸留塔。   The distillation column according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the condenser is a multi-tubular heat exchanger or a heat exchanger formed from a combination of plate-like bodies having irregularities. 上記リボイラーは、凹凸を有する板状体の組み合わせから形成されるものである請求項１乃至３のいずれかに記載の蒸留塔。   The distillation tower according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reboiler is formed from a combination of plate-like bodies having irregularities. 上記塔本体内部に充填される充填材は、その下部を塔本体に固定した格子状の充填材支持部材で支持し、かつ、その上部にリング状部材を載せ、このリング状部材を上方から押さえて固定されたものである請求項１乃至４のいずれかに記載の蒸留塔。   The packing material filled in the tower body is supported by a lattice-shaped packing material supporting member fixed at the lower part of the tower body, and a ring member is placed on the upper part, and the ring member is pressed from above. The distillation column according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the distillation column is fixed. 内部に空洞部を有する塔本体の内部に充填材を充填・固定すると共に、
上記塔本体の内部の上端部にコンデンサーを、及び上記塔本体の内部の下端部にリボイラーを設けることにより、蒸留塔を組み上げ、
次いで、蒸留塔の設置場所に運び、設置する、蒸留塔の組立方法。 While filling and fixing the packing material inside the tower body having a hollow portion inside,
A distillation column is assembled by providing a condenser at the upper end inside the tower body and a reboiler at the lower end inside the tower body,
Next, a method for assembling the distillation tower, which is carried to the installation place of the distillation tower and installed.
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