JP2012088097A - Battery pack management device, battery pack management method, and battery pack system - Google Patents

Battery pack management device, battery pack management method, and battery pack system Download PDF

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JP2012088097A
JP2012088097A JP2010233258A JP2010233258A JP2012088097A JP 2012088097 A JP2012088097 A JP 2012088097A JP 2010233258 A JP2010233258 A JP 2010233258A JP 2010233258 A JP2010233258 A JP 2010233258A JP 2012088097 A JP2012088097 A JP 2012088097A
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battery
charging current
battery pack
single battery
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JP5773609B2 (en
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Tomonobu Tsujikawa
知伸 辻川
Toshio Matsushima
敏雄 松島
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NTT Facilities Inc
NTT Facilities Research Institute Inc.
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To accurately grasp abnormality of a single battery pack such as an internal short circuit and wire disconnection when a plurality of single battery packs are used as a battery pack.SOLUTION: When a single battery pack 3 is constituted by connecting a plurality of single cells 2 in series, and the plurality of the single battery packs 3 are connected in parallel to each other to be used as a battery pack 3A, charge current values Iof the respective single battery packs 3 are measured, and the abnormality of the specific single battery pack 3 is determined based on the relative comparison of the charge current values Iof the respective measured single battery packs 3 or the difference between the charge current value Iat the initial stage of use and the charge current value Iafter use passage.

Description

この発明は、単電池が複数直列に接続されて単組電池が構成され、単組電池が複数並列に接続された組電池を管理する組電池管理装置および組電池管理方法ならびに組電池システムに関する。   The present invention relates to an assembled battery management apparatus, an assembled battery management method, and an assembled battery system for managing an assembled battery in which a plurality of single batteries are connected in series to form a single assembled battery, and a plurality of single assembled batteries are connected in parallel.

鉛蓄電池は、電池材料コストが低いために単電池（セル）の価格が低く、大容量電池の作製も容易であることから、これまでに各種バックアップ用電池や自動車用蓄電池として広く使用されてきている。一方、近年では、鉛蓄電池と同様の定電流定電圧充電による使用が可能で、鉛蓄電池よりもエネルギー密度が高いなどという利点を有するリチウムイオン二次電池が着目され、自動車用蓄電池や電気・電子機器用蓄電池などとして鉛蓄電池に置き換えて使用されてきている。ところで、二次電池の使用にあたっては、使用目的に応じた電圧や容量を得るために、単電池である鉛蓄電池、リチウムイオン二次電池を複数接続して単組電池を構成し、使用することが多い。このようにして単組電池として使用する場合、充電時において各単電池の充電状態にバラツキが生じる場合がある。そして、単組電池内にこのような電圧のバラツキがあると、電圧の低い単電池は早期に放電終止電圧を下回って、過放電状態に陥りやすく、過放電状態においては異常発熱が生じるおそれがある。   Lead storage batteries have been widely used as various backup batteries and automobile storage batteries so far because the battery material cost is low, and the price of single cells (cells) is low and the production of large-capacity batteries is easy. Yes. On the other hand, in recent years, lithium ion secondary batteries that can be used by constant current and constant voltage charging similar to lead storage batteries and have the advantage of higher energy density than lead storage batteries have attracted attention. It has been used as a storage battery for equipment by replacing it with a lead storage battery. By the way, when using a secondary battery, in order to obtain a voltage and capacity according to the purpose of use, a single battery is configured by using a plurality of lead storage batteries and lithium ion secondary batteries that are single cells. There are many. When used as a single battery in this way, there may be variations in the state of charge of each single battery during charging. And if there is such a voltage variation in the battery pack, the battery with a low voltage will soon fall below the discharge end voltage and easily fall into an overdischarge state, and abnormal heat generation may occur in the overdischarge state. is there.

そこで、内部抵抗が高くなった電池の熱劣化を促進させないために、単電池x個と1つの電流値計測手段を直列に接続した電池列と、電池列をy列並列に接続した電池群と、電流値計測手段からの電流値計測信号に基づいて電流値を検知、比較し、充放電開始または停止を制御する組電池に関する技術（例えば、特許文献１参照。）が知られている。   Therefore, in order not to promote the thermal deterioration of the battery having a high internal resistance, a battery row in which x single cells and one current value measuring means are connected in series, and a battery group in which the battery row is connected in parallel in the y row; A technique related to an assembled battery that detects and compares current values based on a current value measurement signal from a current value measurement means and controls the start or stop of charge / discharge is known (for example, see Patent Document 1).

また、組電池や単組電池の異常を判定するための、停電後または放電容量試験を制御する手段のリセット後に放電容量試験を最初に実行すべき二次電池セル列を、組電池の中からランダムに選択し、放電させて容量を確認する技術（例えば、特許文献２参照。）や、並列セルブロックの各々の電圧を検出する電圧検出部と、二次電池ブロックの通電電流を検出する電流検出部と、通電前後の並列セルブロックの電圧変化量を算出すると共に、二次電池ブロックの通電前後の電流変化量を算出し、算出した電圧変化量及び電流変化量から各並列セルブロックの直流内部抵抗を算出する演算部と、算出された直流内部抵抗を基に、セルの異常を判定する電池監視装置に関する技術が知られている（例えば、特許文献３参照。）。   In addition, the secondary battery cell row to be subjected to the discharge capacity test first after a power failure or after resetting the means for controlling the discharge capacity test for determining an abnormality of the assembled battery or the single assembled battery is selected from the assembled battery. Randomly selecting and discharging to check the capacity (for example, see Patent Document 2), a voltage detector for detecting each voltage of the parallel cell block, and a current for detecting the energization current of the secondary battery block The voltage change amount of the detection unit and the parallel cell block before and after the energization is calculated, the current change amount before and after the energization of the secondary battery block is calculated, and the DC of each parallel cell block is calculated from the calculated voltage change amount and the current change amount. A technique related to a battery monitoring device that determines an abnormality of a cell based on an arithmetic unit that calculates an internal resistance and a calculated DC internal resistance is known (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

特開２００３−０５９５４１号公報JP 2003-059541 A 特開平１０−００２９４３号公報JP-A-10-002943 特開２００６−１３８７５０号公報JP 2006-138750 A

ところで、複数の単組電池で組電池を構成した場合には、異常発熱などのリスク、危険性が高まり、また、一部の単組電池の異常が組電池全体の障害を引き起こすおそれがある。このため、単組電池を組電池として使用する場合には、より高い安全性が求められ、単組電池の異常を迅速、かつ、確実に判定する必要がある。特に、リチウムイオン二次電池を用いた電源装置では、通常、組電池毎に電圧監視などで内部短絡の検出が行われているが、上述のように、リチウムイオン二次電池は鉛電池などに比べてエネルギー密度が高いので、安全性の観点から単組電池における内部短絡、断線などの異常を的確に把握する技術が求められる。   By the way, when an assembled battery is constituted by a plurality of single batteries, the risk and danger of abnormal heat generation and the like increase, and an abnormality of some single batteries may cause a failure of the entire battery. For this reason, when using a single assembled battery as an assembled battery, higher safety | security is calculated | required and it is necessary to determine the abnormality of a single assembled battery quickly and reliably. In particular, in a power supply device using a lithium ion secondary battery, an internal short circuit is usually detected for each assembled battery by voltage monitoring or the like, but as described above, a lithium ion secondary battery is a lead battery or the like. Compared with the high energy density, a technology for accurately grasping abnormalities such as internal short-circuits and disconnections in a single battery is required from the viewpoint of safety.

そこでこの発明は、複数の単組電池を組電池として使用する場合に、内部短絡、断線など単組電池の異常を的確に把握することが可能な組電池管理装置および組電池管理方法を提供することを目的とする。   Accordingly, the present invention provides an assembled battery management device and an assembled battery management method that can accurately grasp abnormalities of the assembled battery such as internal short circuit and disconnection when a plurality of assembled batteries are used as the assembled battery. For the purpose.

上記目的を達成するために請求項１に記載の発明は、単電池が複数直列に接続されて単組電池が構成され、単組電池が複数並列に接続された組電池を管理する組電池管理装置であって、各単組電池の充電電流を測定する電流測定手段と、電流測定手段によって測定された各単組電池の充電電流の相対比較に基づき特定の単組電池の異常状態を判定する判定手段と、を備えることを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an assembled battery management for managing an assembled battery in which a plurality of single batteries are connected in series to constitute a single assembled battery, and the plurality of single assembled batteries are connected in parallel. An apparatus for determining an abnormal state of a specific single battery based on a relative comparison between a current measuring unit that measures a charging current of each single battery and a charging current of each single battery measured by the current measuring unit Determining means.

この発明によれば、各単組電池間で充電電流の相対比較が行われ、他の単組電池に対して著しく充電電流が異なる特定の単組電池が異常であると判定される。すなわち、特定の単組電池の充電電流が他の単組電池に比べて著しく増加している場合は、特定の単組電池で内部短絡が生じていると判定され、特定の単組電池に充電電流がまったく流れていない場合は、特定の単組電池で断線が生じていると判定される。   According to this invention, a relative comparison of charging current is performed between each single battery, and it is determined that a specific single battery having a significantly different charging current from other single batteries is abnormal. In other words, if the charging current of a specific single battery is significantly increased compared to other single batteries, it is determined that an internal short circuit has occurred in the specific single battery, and the specific single battery is charged. When no current flows, it is determined that a disconnection has occurred in the specific single battery.

請求項２に記載の発明は、単電池が複数直列に接続されて単組電池が構成され、単組電池が複数並列に接続された組電池を管理する組電池管理装置であって、各単組電池の充電電流を測定する電流測定手段と、各単組電池の電流測定手段による使用初期の充電電流値を記憶する記憶手段と、各単組電池について記憶手段による使用初期の充電電流値と電流測定手段による使用経過後の充電電流値との差を算出して充電電流変動値とし、単組電池の充電電流変動値に基づいて特定の単組電池の異常を判定する判定手段と、を備えることを特徴とする。   The invention according to claim 2 is an assembled battery management device for managing an assembled battery in which a plurality of single batteries are connected in series to form a single assembled battery, and the single assembled batteries are connected in parallel. Current measuring means for measuring the charging current of the assembled battery, storage means for storing the initial charging current value by the current measuring means for each single assembled battery, and initial charging current value by the storage means for each single assembled battery, A determination means for calculating a difference from the charging current value after use by the current measuring means to obtain a charging current fluctuation value, and determining an abnormality of the specific single battery based on the charging current fluctuation value of the single battery. It is characterized by providing.

この発明によれば、各単組電池について使用初期の充電電流値と使用経過後の充電電流値との差（充電電流変動値）を算出し、特定の単組電池の充電電流変動値が使用初期の充電電流値に対して大幅に変化している場合は、特定の単組電池が異常と判定される。   According to the present invention, the difference (charging current fluctuation value) between the charging current value at the initial stage of use and the charging current value after use for each single battery is calculated, and the charging current fluctuation value of the specific single battery is used. If the initial charging current value changes significantly, it is determined that the specific single battery is abnormal.

請求項３に記載の発明は、請求項１または２に記載の組電池管理装置において、単組電池の各単電池の電圧を測定する電圧測定手段と、判定手段によって異常であると特定された単組電池の電圧測定手段によって測定された電圧に基づいて異常状態にある単電池を特定する単電池判定手段と、を備えることを特徴とする。   The invention according to claim 3 is specified to be abnormal by the voltage measuring means for measuring the voltage of each unit cell of the assembled battery and the judging means in the assembled battery management device according to claim 1 or 2. And a single cell determination unit that identifies a single cell in an abnormal state based on the voltage measured by the voltage measurement unit of the single battery.

請求項４に記載の発明は、単電池が複数直列に接続されて単組電池が構成され、単組電池が複数並列に接続された組電池を管理する組電池管理方法であって、各単組電池の充電電流を測定し、各単組電池の充電電流値の相対比較に基づき特定の単組電池の異常状態を判定する、ことを特徴とする。   The invention according to claim 4 is an assembled battery management method for managing an assembled battery in which a plurality of single batteries are connected in series to form a single assembled battery, and the plurality of single assembled batteries are connected in parallel. The charging current of the assembled battery is measured, and an abnormal state of the specific assembled battery is determined based on a relative comparison of the charging current values of the respective assembled batteries.

請求項５に記載の発明は、単電池が複数直列に接続されて単組電池が構成され、単組電池が複数並列に接続された組電池を管理する組電池管理方法であって、各単組電池の充電電流を測定し、各単組電池の使用初期の充電電流値を記憶し、各単組電池について使用初期の充電電流値と使用経過後の充電電流値との差を算出して充電電流変動値とし、単組電池の充電電流変動値に基づいて特定の単組電池の異常を判定する、を備えることを特徴とする。   The invention according to claim 5 is a battery pack management method for managing a battery pack in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series to form a battery pack, and the battery pack is connected in parallel. Measure the charging current of the battery pack, store the initial charging current value of each battery pack, and calculate the difference between the initial charging current value and the charging current value after use for each battery pack. The charging current fluctuation value is determined, and abnormality of a specific single battery is determined based on the charging current fluctuation value of the single battery.

請求項６に記載の発明は、単電池が複数直列に接続されて単組電池が構成され、単組電池が複数並列に接続された組電池システムであって、各単組電池の充電電流を測定する電流測定手段と、電流測定手段によって測定された各単組電池の充電電流の相対比較に基づき特定の単組電池の異常状態を判定する判定手段と、を備えることを特徴とする。   The invention described in claim 6 is an assembled battery system in which a plurality of single batteries are connected in series to form a single assembled battery, and a plurality of single assembled batteries are connected in parallel, and the charging current of each single assembled battery is calculated. It is characterized by comprising current measuring means for measuring and determination means for judging an abnormal state of a specific single battery based on a relative comparison of the charging current of each single battery measured by the current measuring means.

請求項７に記載の発明は、単電池が複数直列に接続されて単組電池が構成され、単組電池が複数並列に接続された組電池システムであって、各単組電池の充電電流を測定する電流測定手段と、各単組電池の電流測定手段による使用初期の充電電流値を記憶する記憶手段と、各単組電池について記憶手段による使用初期の充電電流値と電流測定手段による使用経過後の充電電流値との差を算出して充電電流変動値とし、単組電池の充電電流変動値に基づいて特定の単組電池の異常を判定する判定手段と、を備えることを特徴とする。   The invention according to claim 7 is an assembled battery system in which a plurality of single batteries are connected in series to form a single assembled battery, and a plurality of single assembled batteries are connected in parallel, and the charging current of each single assembled battery is calculated. Current measuring means for measuring, storage means for storing the initial charging current value by the current measuring means of each single battery, and initial charging current value by the storage means for each single battery and usage by the current measuring means And a determination means for calculating a difference from a subsequent charging current value to obtain a charging current fluctuation value, and determining an abnormality of the specific single battery based on the charging current fluctuation value of the single battery. .

請求項１、４、６に記載の発明によれば、単組電池の充電電流の相対比較に基づいて、組電池を構成する単組電池の内部短絡や断線などの異常を的確に判定することができ、組電池の安全性を確保することができる。また、異常の単組電池を容易に特定することができることから、異常の単組電池のみについて対策を施すことにより、停電発生時の組電池によるバックアップ機能・予備電源としての機能を維持することができる。   According to the inventions described in claims 1, 4, and 6, it is possible to accurately determine an abnormality such as an internal short circuit or disconnection of the battery packs constituting the battery pack based on a relative comparison of the charging currents of the battery packs. And the safety of the assembled battery can be ensured. In addition, since it is possible to easily identify abnormal single batteries, it is possible to maintain backup functions and backup power functions with battery packs when a power failure occurs by taking measures only for abnormal single batteries. it can.

請求項２、５、７に記載の発明によれば、使用初期の充電電流値と使用経過後の充電電流値との差である充電電流変動値に基づいて、単組電池の異常を判定するようにしているので、単組電池間に使用初期において特性にバラツキがある場合でも、単組電池の異常を正確に判定することができる。また、充電電流変動値に基づき、経年による単組電池の内部抵抗の変化を知ることができ、単組電池の劣化度を把握することが可能となる。   According to the invention described in claims 2, 5, and 7, the abnormality of the single battery is determined based on the charging current fluctuation value that is the difference between the charging current value at the initial stage of use and the charging current value after use. Therefore, even when there is a variation in characteristics between the single batteries in the initial stage of use, the abnormality of the single batteries can be accurately determined. Further, based on the charging current fluctuation value, it is possible to know the change in internal resistance of the battery pack over time, and to know the degree of deterioration of the battery pack.

請求項３に記載の発明によれば、単組電池の電圧測定手段によって測定された電圧に基づいて異常状態にある単電池を特定するので、多くの単電池の中から異常状態の原因となった単電池を容易に特定することができる。そのため、異常が特定された単電池の交換をより迅速に行うことができ、組電池をより迅速に正常な状態に復旧させることができる。   According to the third aspect of the invention, since the unit cell in the abnormal state is specified based on the voltage measured by the voltage measuring means of the unit battery, it causes the abnormal state among many unit cells. A single cell can be easily identified. Therefore, it is possible to more quickly replace the unit cell in which the abnormality is specified, and to restore the assembled battery to a normal state more quickly.

この発明の実施の形態１に係る組電池システムの適用例を示す概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram which shows the application example of the assembled battery system which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. 図１の組電池システムにおける組電池監視制御部の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the assembled battery monitoring control part in the assembled battery system of FIG. 図１の単組電池の充電電流の相対比較を示す特性図である。It is a characteristic view which shows the relative comparison of the charging current of the single battery of FIG. 図１の単組電池の充電電流の相対比較を示す特性図である。It is a characteristic view which shows the relative comparison of the charging current of the single battery of FIG. 図１の単組電池の充電電流の相対比較を示す特性図である。It is a characteristic view which shows the relative comparison of the charging current of the single battery of FIG. 図１の単組電池の充電電流の相対比較を示す特性図である。It is a characteristic view which shows the relative comparison of the charging current of the single battery of FIG. 図１の単組電池の充電電流変動値を示す特性図である。It is a characteristic view which shows the charging current fluctuation value of the single battery of FIG. 図１の単組電池の充電電流変動値を示す特性図である。It is a characteristic view which shows the charging current fluctuation value of the single battery of FIG. 図１の単組電池の充電電流変動値を示す特性図である。It is a characteristic view which shows the charging current fluctuation value of the single battery of FIG.

以下、この発明を図示の実施の形態に基づいて説明する。   The present invention will be described below based on the illustrated embodiments.

（実施の形態１）
図１ないし図６は、この実施の形態に係る組電池システム１を整流装置に適用した状態を示す概略構成図である。この実施の形態では、単組電池３を負荷設備１０２のバックアップ電源とし、整流器１０１によってフロート充電で運用する場合について説明する。 (Embodiment 1)
1 to 6 are schematic configuration diagrams showing a state in which the assembled battery system 1 according to this embodiment is applied to a rectifier. In this embodiment, the case where the single battery 3 is used as a backup power source for the load facility 102 and the rectifier 101 is operated by float charging will be described.

この組電池システム１は、主として、図１に示すように、単電池２としてのリチウムイオン二次電池が複数直列に接続されて単組電池３が構成され、さらにこの単組電池３が複数並列に接続されてリチウムイオン組電池（組電池）３Ａが構成されており、このような組電池３Ａを管理する組電池管理装置４Ａを備えるものである。ここで、組電池３Ａは、後述するように、フロート充電で運用され、停電発生時を除く通常運用時は常に充電状態となっている。この実施の形態においては、すべての単組電池３の公称容量は同一となっている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the assembled battery system 1 mainly includes a plurality of lithium ion secondary batteries connected as a single battery 2 connected in series to form a single battery 3, and the plurality of single batteries 3 are arranged in parallel. A lithium-ion assembled battery (assembled battery) 3A is configured, and includes an assembled battery management device 4A for managing such an assembled battery 3A. Here, as will be described later, the assembled battery 3A is operated by float charging, and is always in a charged state during normal operation except when a power failure occurs. In this embodiment, the nominal capacities of all the single batteries 3 are the same.

組電池３Ａは、負荷設備１０２と並列に電力供給系統１００に接続されている。すなわち、負荷設備１０２と組電池３Ａは、整流器１０１を介して、商用電源１００に接続されており、商用電源１００からの交流電力が整流器１０１によって直流電力に変換され、この直流電力が負荷設備１０２および組電池３Ａに供給されるようになっている。   The assembled battery 3 </ b> A is connected to the power supply system 100 in parallel with the load facility 102. That is, the load facility 102 and the assembled battery 3A are connected to the commercial power source 100 via the rectifier 101, and AC power from the commercial power source 100 is converted into DC power by the rectifier 101, and this DC power is converted to the load facility 102. And is supplied to the assembled battery 3A.

組電池３Ａは、組電池管理装置４Ａによって管理されている。組電池管理装置４Ａは、単組電池監視制御装置４、ダイオード５、組電池監視制御装置６、電流計測手段７、総電圧電流計測部８を有している。各単組電池３には、単組電池監視制御装置４が取り付けられている。この単組電池監視制御装置４は、単組電池３の温度、単組電池３の電圧、各単電池２の電圧を測定する装置であり、具体的には、単組電池３の両端子に接続され単組電池３の電圧を測定する単組電池電圧計（図示略）と、単組電池３の温度を測定する単組電池温度計（図示略）と、単電池２の電圧を測定する単電池電圧計（図示略）とを備えている。すべての単電池２には、所定の電圧まで充電された場合に、過充電を防止するために、並列にダイオード５が接続されている。   The assembled battery 3A is managed by the assembled battery management device 4A. The assembled battery management device 4 </ b> A includes a single assembled battery monitoring control device 4, a diode 5, an assembled battery monitoring control device 6, a current measuring unit 7, and a total voltage / current measuring unit 8. A single battery monitoring and control device 4 is attached to each single battery 3. The single battery monitoring and control device 4 is a device that measures the temperature of the single battery 3, the voltage of the single battery 3, and the voltage of each single battery 2. Specifically, the single battery monitoring and control device 4 is connected to both terminals of the single battery 3. A single battery voltmeter (not shown) for measuring the voltage of the connected single battery 3, a single battery thermometer (not shown) for measuring the temperature of the single battery 3, and the voltage of the single battery 2 are measured. A cell voltmeter (not shown) is provided. All the cells 2 are connected in parallel with diodes 5 in order to prevent overcharging when charged to a predetermined voltage.

図１に示すように、電流計測手段７は、３つの単組電池３にそれぞれ設けられており、整流器１０１から各単組電池３に向けて流れる充電電流を計測する機能を有している。電流計測手段７は、停電時における単組電池３からの放電電流も計測する機能を有している。   As shown in FIG. 1, the current measuring means 7 is provided in each of the three single batteries 3 and has a function of measuring a charging current flowing from the rectifier 101 toward each single battery 3. The current measuring means 7 has a function of measuring the discharge current from the battery pack 3 at the time of a power failure.

組電池監視制御装置６は、図２に示すように、商用電源１００からの電力を制御に必要な電力に変換する電源部６ａを有している。電源部６ａには、判定手段６ｂが接続されている。判定手段６ｂは、測定条件設定値入力部６ｃ、組電池情報記憶部６ｄ、演算部６ｅ、データ入力部６ｆとから構成されている。測定条件設定値入力部６ｃは、判定精度を高めるための測定条件を入力する部位であり、例えばコンピュータのキーボードなどから構成されている。組電池情報記憶部６ｄは、例えば単組電池３を構成する単電池２の初期の放電特性などを記憶する機能を有している。演算部６ｅは、組電池情報記憶部６ｄからの情報と、データ入力部６ｆを介して入力された各単組電池３の使用初期の充電電流Ｉｃの情報とに基づき、各単組電池３の異常を判定する機能を有している。警報部６ｇは、単組電池３が異常と判定された場合や、異常のある単電池２が特定された場合に、警報を発するものであり、警報ランプや警報ブザーや警報画面などで構成されている。 As shown in FIG. 2, the assembled battery monitoring control device 6 includes a power supply unit 6 a that converts power from the commercial power supply 100 into power necessary for control. A determination unit 6b is connected to the power supply unit 6a. The determination unit 6b includes a measurement condition set value input unit 6c, an assembled battery information storage unit 6d, a calculation unit 6e, and a data input unit 6f. The measurement condition set value input unit 6c is a part for inputting measurement conditions for increasing the determination accuracy, and is composed of, for example, a computer keyboard. The assembled battery information storage unit 6d has a function of storing, for example, the initial discharge characteristics of the single cells 2 constituting the single assembled battery 3. Computing section 6e, the set information from the battery information storage unit 6d, based on the information of the charging current I c of the initial use of the data input unit 6f each single battery pack inputted through 3, each single battery pack 3 It has the function to judge abnormalities. The alarm unit 6g is configured to issue an alarm when the battery pack 3 is determined to be abnormal or when an abnormal cell 2 is identified, and is configured with an alarm lamp, an alarm buzzer, an alarm screen, and the like. ing.

組電池監視制御装置６は、単組電池３の充電電流Ｉｃと他の単組電池３の充電電流Ｉｃとの差に基づいて、次のように判定する機能を有している。ここで、組電池３Ａの組電池総電圧をＶとし、組電池充電電流がＩｃｔ一定とする。そして、各単組電池３の公称容量が等しい場合は、図３に示すように、すべての単組電池３（単組電池Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ）の充電電流Ｉｃが等しくなり、この場合は、すべての単組電池３は正常であると判定する。 The assembled battery monitoring control device 6 has a function of making the following determination based on the difference between the charging current I c of the single assembled battery 3 and the charging current I c of another single assembled battery 3. Here, it is assumed that the assembled battery total voltage of the assembled battery 3A is V, and the assembled battery charging current is constant Ict . When the nominal capacities of the single batteries 3 are equal, as shown in FIG. 3, the charging currents I c of all the single batteries 3 (single batteries A, B, C) are equal. In this case, All of the single batteries 3 are determined to be normal.

また、図４に示すように、組電池監視制御装置６は、単組電池３のいずれか（単組電池Ａ）の充電電流がＩｃ＋αであり、他の単組電池（単組電池Ｂ、Ｃ）の充電電流Ｉｃよりも著しく大きい場合には、当該単組電池Ａは内部短絡を起こしている、つまり、異常であると判定する。この場合、組電池充電電流はＩｃｔ＋αとなるが、組電池総電圧はＶのままである。また、図５に示すように、組電池監視制御装置６は、単組電池３のいずれか（単組電池Ａ）の充電電流がＩｃ＋β（α＜β）であり、他の単組電池（単組電池Ｂ、Ｃ）では放電電流が測定されている場合は、当該単組電池Ａは内部短絡を起こしている、つまり、異常状態であると判定する。 As shown in FIG. 4, the assembled battery monitoring control device 6 has a charging current of any of the assembled batteries 3 (single assembled battery A) being I c + α, and other assembled batteries (single assembled battery B). determines that the case significantly greater than the charging current I c of C) is where the single battery pack a has caused internal short circuit, i.e., abnormal. In this case, the assembled battery charging current is I ct + α, but the assembled battery total voltage remains V. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the assembled battery monitoring control device 6 is configured such that the charging current of any of the assembled batteries 3 (single assembled battery A) is I c + β (α <β), and the other assembled batteries When the discharge current is measured in (single battery B, C), it is determined that the single battery A has an internal short circuit, that is, is in an abnormal state.

さらに、図６に示すように、組電池総電圧Ｖが変化せず、組電池３Ａ全体の充電電流Ｉｃｔが低下し、さらに、単組電池３のいずれか（単組電池Ａ）の充電電流が０である場合は、当該単組電池Ａは断線が生じている、つまり、異常であると判定する。これは、断線によって当該組電池（単組電池Ａ）に充電電流が流れなくなるためである。このとき、他の単組電池（単組電池Ｂ、Ｃ）の充電電流Ｉｃは等しい値になっている。なお、この時、別途測定している単組電池総電圧や、単電池電圧の測定値も併用することで異常（断線）判断の正確さが増す。 Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 6, the assembled battery total voltage V does not change, the charging current Ict of the entire assembled battery 3A decreases, and the charging current of any of the assembled batteries 3 (single assembled battery A). Is 0, it is determined that the single battery A is disconnected, that is, abnormal. This is because the charging current does not flow to the assembled battery (single assembled battery A) due to disconnection. At this time, it has become equal charging current I c of the other single-battery pack (single assembled battery B, C). At this time, the accuracy of the abnormality (disconnection) determination is increased by using the single battery total voltage separately measured and the measured value of the single battery voltage in combination.

ここで、異常である単組電池Ａの温度は、他の単組電池Ｂ、Ｃの温度より高温となっている。これは、単組電池Ａにおける内部短絡の発生に伴い、単組電池Ａを流れる充電電流Ｉｃが増加するためである。したがって、測定している温度情報を併用することによって、単組電池３の異常検出の精度向上を図ることが出来る。 Here, the temperature of the abnormal single battery A is higher than the temperatures of the other single batteries B and C. This is due to the occurrence of an internal short circuit in the single battery pack A, because the charging current I c flowing through the single battery pack A is increased. Therefore, the accuracy of abnormality detection of the battery pack 3 can be improved by using the temperature information being measured together.

上記のように単組電池Ａが異常状態にあると判定された場合には、単組電池Ａの単組電池監視制御装置４から受信した各単電池２の単電池電圧に基づいて、異常の原因となっている単電池２を特定する。そして、組電池監視制御装置６は、警報部６ｇに信号を送信し、警報部６ｇは異常状態にある単組電池Ａと単電池２とを表示する。   When it is determined that the single battery A is in an abnormal state as described above, the abnormality is determined based on the single battery voltage of each single battery 2 received from the single battery monitoring control device 4 of the single battery A. The cell 2 that is the cause is specified. And the assembled battery monitoring control apparatus 6 transmits a signal to the alarm part 6g, and the alarm part 6g displays the assembled battery A and the single battery 2 in an abnormal state.

次に、組電池管理システム１を用いた組電池管理方法および作用について説明する。   Next, an assembled battery management method and operation using the assembled battery management system 1 will be described.

フロート充電においては、整流器１０１から負荷設備１０２および組電池３Ａに対して直流電力が供給され、組電池３Ａの各単組電池３が充電される。この充電時においては、単組電池監視制御装置４によって、単組電池３の温度、単組電池３の単組電池総電圧および単電池２の単電池電圧が測定され、電流計測手段７によって単組電池３の充電電流Ｉｃが測定される。また、総電圧電流計測部８によって組電池３Ａの組電池総電圧Ｖおよび総充電電流Ｉｃｔが測定される。 In the float charging, DC power is supplied from the rectifier 101 to the load facility 102 and the assembled battery 3A, and each single assembled battery 3 of the assembled battery 3A is charged. At the time of this charging, the temperature of the single battery 3, the single battery total voltage of the single battery 3, and the single battery voltage of the single battery 2 are measured by the single battery monitoring and control device 4. The charging current I c of the assembled battery 3 is measured. Further, the total voltage / current measuring unit 8 measures the total battery voltage V and the total charging current Ict of the battery pack 3A.

組電池監視制御装置６は、電流計測手段７によって測定された各単組電池３の充電電流Ｉｃと他の単組電池３の充電電流Ｉｃとの差に基づいて、単組電池３の異常を判定する。図１に示すように、３つの単組電池Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃのうち、単組電池Ａの充電電流がＩｃ＋αであり、単組電池Ｂ、Ｃの充電電流Ｉｃより著しく大きい場合は、異常であると判定される。また、単組電池Ａの充電電流がＩｃ＋β（α＜β）であり、単組電池Ｂ、Ｃでは放電電流（＜Ｉｃ）が測定されている場合も異常と判定される。さらに、単組電池Ａの充電電流がＩｃ＝０である場合は、単組電池Ａは異常であると判断される。 The assembled battery monitoring and control device 6 determines whether or not the single battery 3 is based on the difference between the charging current I c of each single battery 3 measured by the current measuring means 7 and the charging current I c of another single battery 3. Judge abnormalities. As shown in FIG. 1, among the three single batteries A, B, and C, the charging current of the single battery A is I c + α, and the charging current I c of the single batteries B and C is significantly larger than Is determined to be abnormal. Further, when the charging current of the assembled battery A is I c + β (α <β) and the discharging currents (<I c ) are measured for the assembled batteries B and C, it is also determined as abnormal. Further, when the charging current of the single battery A is I c = 0, it is determined that the single battery A is abnormal.

このように、単組電池の充電電流の相対比較に基づいて、組電池３Ａを構成する単組電池３の内部短絡や断線などの異常を的確に判定することができ、組電池３Ａの安全性を確保することができる。また、異常の単組電池３を容易に特定することができることから、異常の単組電池３のみについて対策を施すことにより、停電発生時の組電池によるバックアップ機能・予備電源としての機能を維持することができる。そして、異常状態にある単組電池３があると判定された場合には、警報が発せられるので、即時に当該単組電池３を交換することができ、異常状態での充電・放電を阻止することができる。   As described above, based on the relative comparison of the charging currents of the assembled batteries, it is possible to accurately determine abnormality such as an internal short circuit or disconnection of the assembled battery 3 constituting the assembled battery 3A, and the safety of the assembled battery 3A. Can be secured. In addition, since the abnormal single battery 3 can be easily identified, by taking measures only for the abnormal single battery 3, the backup battery function and backup power supply function can be maintained when a power failure occurs. be able to. When it is determined that there is a single battery 3 in an abnormal state, an alarm is issued, so that the single battery 3 can be replaced immediately, and charging / discharging in an abnormal state is prevented. be able to.

さらに、異常状態であると判定された単組電池３の中の単電池電圧の測定値に基づいて、異常状態にある単電池２を特定することができる。そのため、異常の検出とともに原因となっている単電池２が特定されるので、異常の判定された単組電池３について、単電池２の交換、修理をより迅速に行うことができる。つまり、組電池をより迅速に復旧させることができる。   Furthermore, the unit cell 2 in the abnormal state can be identified based on the measured value of the unit cell voltage in the unit cell 3 determined to be in the abnormal state. Therefore, since the unit cell 2 that is the cause is specified together with the detection of the abnormality, the unit cell 2 that has been determined to be abnormal can be replaced and repaired more quickly. That is, the assembled battery can be recovered more quickly.

（実施の形態２）
図７ないし図９は、この実施の形態２に係る組電池システム１における使用期間に対する充電電流変動値を示している。この実施の形態では、単組電池３が異常状態であるか否かの判定方法が、実施の形態１と異なり、その他の構成については、実施の形態１と同等である。なお、この実施形態においても、各単組電池３の公称容量は等しいものとする。 (Embodiment 2)
7 to 9 show charging current fluctuation values with respect to the use period in the assembled battery system 1 according to the second embodiment. In this embodiment, the method for determining whether or not the battery pack 3 is in an abnormal state is different from that in the first embodiment, and other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment. In this embodiment as well, the nominal capacities of the single batteries 3 are equal.

この実施の形態２では、充電時において、組電池監視制御装置６の単組電池３の充電電流変動値に基づいて、当該単組電池３の異常を判定する。ここで、各単組電池３が正常な場合は、図７に示すように、全ての単組電池３の充電電流変動値は略０である。つまり、すべての単組電池３の充電電流変動値が略０の場合は、すべての単組電池３は正常であると判定する。   In the second embodiment, at the time of charging, the abnormality of the battery pack 3 is determined based on the charging current fluctuation value of the battery pack 3 of the battery pack monitoring control device 6. Here, when each single battery 3 is normal, the charging current fluctuation values of all the single batteries 3 are substantially zero as shown in FIG. That is, when the charging current fluctuation values of all the single batteries 3 are substantially 0, it is determined that all the single batteries 3 are normal.

また、図８に示すように、組電池３Ａの使用期間ｔ１である場合において、３つの単組電池３のうち例えば単組電池Ａの充電電流変動値が著しく大である場合は、単組電池Ａは内部短絡を起こしている、つまり、異常であると判定する。このとき、異常でない他の単組電池（単組電池Ｂ、Ｃ）の充電電流変動値は略０である。 Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the set when battery 3A is a use period t 1 of, if the charging current variation value of for example, a single battery pack A of the three single assembled battery 3 is considerably large, the single set It is determined that the battery A has an internal short circuit, that is, is abnormal. At this time, the charging current fluctuation value of other single batteries (single batteries B and C) that are not abnormal is substantially zero.

さらに、図９に示すように、組電池３Ａの使用期間ｔ２である場合において、３つの単組電池３のうち例えば単組電池Ａの充電電流変動値が著しく減少し、充電電流Ｉｃ＝０となった場合は、単組電池Ａには断線が生じている、つまり、異常であると判定する。これは、断線によって単組電池Ａに充電電流Ｉｃが流れなくなるためである。このとき、異常でない他の単組電池（単組電池Ｂ、Ｃ）の充電電流変動値は略０である。 Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 9, the set when battery 3A is a use period t 2 of the three charging current variation value of for example, a single battery pack A single battery pack 3 is significantly reduced, the charging current I c = When it becomes 0, it is determined that the battery pack A is disconnected, that is, abnormal. This is because not flow the charging current I c to the single battery pack A by disconnection. At this time, the charging current fluctuation value of other single batteries (single batteries B and C) that are not abnormal is substantially zero.

組電池３Ａを一定期間運用することにより、単電池２の内部抵抗が使用初期に比べて増加することになる。この単電池２の内部抵抗の増加は充電電流の変化となって表れるので、電流計測手段７によって計測される各単組電池３の充電電流を使用初期の充電電流と比較することにより、各単組電池３の劣化度を把握することが可能となる。   By operating the assembled battery 3A for a certain period, the internal resistance of the unit cell 2 is increased compared to the initial use. Since the increase in the internal resistance of the single battery 2 appears as a change in the charging current, the charging current of each single battery 3 measured by the current measuring means 7 is compared with the charging current at the beginning of use. It becomes possible to grasp the deterioration degree of the assembled battery 3.

このように構成された実施の形態２においては、使用初期の充電電流値と使用経過後の充電電流値との差である充電電流変動値に基づいて、単組電池３の異常を判定するようにしているので、単組電池３間に使用初期において特性にバラツキがある場合でも、単組電池３の異常を正確に判定することができる。また、充電電流変動値に基づき、経年による単組電池３の内部抵抗の変化を知ることができ、単組電池３の劣化度を把握することが可能となる。   In the second embodiment configured as described above, the abnormality of the battery pack 3 is determined based on the charging current fluctuation value that is the difference between the charging current value at the initial stage of use and the charging current value after use. Therefore, even when there is a variation in characteristics between the single batteries 3 in the initial stage of use, the abnormality of the single batteries 3 can be accurately determined. Further, based on the charging current fluctuation value, it is possible to know the change in internal resistance of the battery pack 3 over time, and to know the degree of deterioration of the battery pack 3.

以上、この発明の実施の形態について説明したが、具体的な構成は、上記の実施の形態に限られるものではなく、この発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の設計の変更等があっても、この発明に含まれる。例えば、単組電池監視制御装置４と組電池監視制御装置６とを一体にしてもよい。また、単組電池３が異常状態にあると判定された場合には、警報部６ｇから警報が発せられるとともに、異常のある単組電池３を回路から切り離すように、組電池監視制御装置６から充電スイッチ（図示略）に制御信号を送信するようにしてもよい。   Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the specific configuration is not limited to the above embodiment, and even if there is a design change or the like without departing from the gist of the present invention, Included in the invention. For example, the single battery monitoring and control device 4 and the battery monitoring and control device 6 may be integrated. Further, when it is determined that the battery pack 3 is in an abnormal state, an alarm is issued from the alarm unit 6g, and the battery pack monitoring control device 6 is configured to disconnect the battery pack 3 having an abnormality from the circuit. A control signal may be transmitted to a charging switch (not shown).

さらに、単組電池３を整流装置に適用した場合について説明したが、無停電電源装置（ＵＰＳ：Ｕｎｉｎｔｅｒｒｕｐｔｉｂｌｅ Ｐｏｗｅｒ Ｓｕｐｐｌｙ）や自動車用蓄電池などにも適用することができる。   Furthermore, although the case where the single battery 3 is applied to a rectifier has been described, it can also be applied to an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), an automobile storage battery, and the like.

なお、上述の実施例においては電源システムに常設する使用形態で示したが、可搬型とし、必要に応じて対象電源に設置して組電池３Ａの異常検出を行ってもよい。また、図１に示した実施例では、リチウムイオン電池を例として、単組電池監視制御装置４を含んだ構成で示したが、本願の対象は、このような単組電池監視制御装置４を含まない鉛蓄電池に適用することも可能である。同様に、他の種類の二次電池の組電池への適用も可能である。   In addition, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the use form permanently installed in the power supply system is shown. However, it may be a portable type and may be installed in the target power supply as needed to detect the abnormality of the assembled battery 3A. Further, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the configuration including the single battery monitoring and control device 4 is illustrated by taking a lithium ion battery as an example, but the object of the present application is to provide such a single battery monitoring and control device 4. It is also possible to apply to lead-acid batteries that do not contain. Similarly, application of other types of secondary batteries to an assembled battery is also possible.

さらに、上述の実施例では、複数並列で使用される単組電池３の公称容量を同一として説明したが、各単組電池３の公称容量が同一でない場合にも適用可能である。この場合は、単組電池３の容量に応じて通電されるフロート充電電流値を基準として、それらの変化を追跡すればよい。   Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the single batteries 3 used in parallel are described as having the same nominal capacity, but the present invention can also be applied to cases where the single batteries 3 have the same nominal capacity. In this case, these changes may be tracked on the basis of the float charging current value energized according to the capacity of the battery pack 3.

１ 組電池システム
２ 単電池
３ 単組電池
３Ａ 組電池
４ 単組電池監視制御装置
４Ａ 組電池管理装置
６ 組電池監視制御装置
７ 電流計測手段
８ 総電圧電流計測部
１００ 商用電源
１０１ 整流器
１０２ 負荷設備
Ｉｃ フロート充電電流
Ｉｃｔ 組電池総充電電流
Ｖ 組電池総電圧
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 assembled battery system 2 single battery 3 single assembled battery 3A assembled battery 4 single assembled battery monitoring control apparatus 4A assembled battery management apparatus 6 assembled battery monitoring control apparatus 7 current measuring means 8 total voltage current measuring part 100 commercial power supply 101 rectifier 102 load equipment I c float charging current I ct assembled battery total charging current V assembled battery total voltage

Claims (7)

単電池が複数直列に接続されて単組電池が構成され、前記単組電池が複数並列に接続された組電池を管理する組電池管理装置であって、
前記各単組電池の充電電流を測定する電流測定手段と、
前記電流測定手段によって測定された前記各単組電池の充電電流の相対比較に基づき特定の単組電池の異常を判定する判定手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする組電池管理装置。 A battery pack management apparatus for managing battery packs in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series to form a battery pack, and the battery packs are connected in parallel.
Current measuring means for measuring the charging current of each single battery,
Determining means for determining an abnormality of a specific single battery based on a relative comparison of the charging current of each single battery measured by the current measuring means;
An assembled battery management device comprising: 単電池が複数直列に接続されて単組電池が構成され、前記単組電池が複数並列に接続された組電池を管理する組電池管理装置であって、
前記各単組電池の充電電流を測定する電流測定手段と、
前記各単組電池の前記電流測定手段による使用初期の充電電流値を記憶する記憶手段と、
前記各単組電池について前記記憶手段による使用初期の充電電流値と前記電流測定手段による使用経過後の充電電流値との差を算出して充電電流変動値とし、前記単組電池の充電電流変動値に基づいて特定の単組電池の異常を判定する判定手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする組電池管理装置。 A battery pack management apparatus for managing battery packs in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series to form a battery pack, and the battery packs are connected in parallel.
Current measuring means for measuring the charging current of each single battery,
Storage means for storing a charging current value at an initial stage of use by the current measuring means of each single battery;
For each single battery, the difference between the charging current value at the initial stage of use by the storage means and the charging current value after use by the current measuring means is calculated as a charging current fluctuation value, and the charging current fluctuation of the single battery Determination means for determining an abnormality of a specific single battery based on a value;
An assembled battery management device comprising: 前記単組電池の各単電池の電圧を測定する電圧測定手段と、
前記判定手段によって異常であると特定された前記単組電池の前記電圧測定手段によって測定された電圧に基づいて異常状態にある単電池を特定する単電池判定手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の組電池管理装置。 Voltage measuring means for measuring the voltage of each unit cell of the unit battery;
A unit cell determination unit that identifies a unit cell in an abnormal state based on the voltage measured by the voltage measurement unit of the unit battery identified as abnormal by the determination unit;
The assembled battery management device according to claim 1, further comprising: 単電池が複数直列に接続されて単組電池が構成され、前記単組電池が複数並列に接続された組電池を管理する組電池管理方法であって、
前記各単組電池の充電電流を測定し、
前記各単組電池の充電電流の相対比較に基づき特定の単組電池の異常を判定する、
ことを特徴とする組電池管理方法。 A battery pack management method for managing a battery pack in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series to form a battery pack, and the battery pack is connected in parallel.
Measure the charging current of each single battery,
Determining an abnormality of a specific single battery based on a relative comparison of the charging current of each single battery;
An assembled battery management method. 単電池が複数直列に接続されて単組電池が構成され、前記単組電池が複数並列に接続された組電池を管理する組電池管理方法であって、
前記各単組電池の充電電流を測定し、
前記各単組電池の使用初期の充電電流値を記憶し、
前記各単組電池について使用初期の充電電流値と使用経過後の充電電流値との差を算出して充電電流変動値とし、前記単組電池の充電電流変動値に基づいて特定の単組電池の異常を判定する、
を備えることを特徴とする組電池管理方法。 A battery pack management method for managing a battery pack in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series to form a battery pack, and the battery pack is connected in parallel.
Measure the charging current of each single battery,
Store the charging current value at the initial use of each single battery,
For each single battery, a difference between the charging current value at the initial stage of use and the charging current value after use is calculated as a charging current fluctuation value, and a specific single battery is determined based on the charging current fluctuation value of the single battery. To determine the abnormality of
A battery pack management method comprising: 単電池が複数直列に接続されて単組電池が構成され、前記単組電池が複数並列に接続された組電池システムであって、
前記各単組電池の充電電流を測定する電流測定手段と、
前記電流測定手段によって測定された前記各単組電池の充電電流の相対比較に基づき特定の単組電池の異常を判定する判定手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする組電池システム。 A battery pack system in which a plurality of single batteries are connected in series to form a battery pack, and the battery packs are connected in parallel.
Current measuring means for measuring the charging current of each single battery,
Determining means for determining an abnormality of a specific single battery based on a relative comparison of the charging current of each single battery measured by the current measuring means;
An assembled battery system comprising: 単電池が複数直列に接続されて単組電池が構成され、前記単組電池が複数並列に接続された組電池システムであって、
前記各単組電池の充電電流を測定する電流測定手段と、
前記各単組電池の前記電流測定手段による使用初期の充電電流値を記憶する記憶手段と、
前記各単組電池について前記記憶手段による使用初期の充電電流値と前記電流測定手段による使用経過後の充電電流値との差を算出して充電電流変動値とし、前記単組電池の充電電流変動値に基づいて特定の単組電池の異常を判定する判定手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする組電池システム。 A battery pack system in which a plurality of single batteries are connected in series to form a battery pack, and the battery packs are connected in parallel.
Current measuring means for measuring the charging current of each single battery,
Storage means for storing a charging current value at an initial stage of use by the current measuring means of each single battery;
For each single battery, the difference between the charging current value at the initial stage of use by the storage means and the charging current value after use by the current measuring means is calculated as a charging current fluctuation value, and the charging current fluctuation of the single battery Determination means for determining an abnormality of a specific single battery based on a value;
An assembled battery system comprising:
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