JP2012076208A - Cutting method and cutting device of workpiece - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cutting method for cutting a rod-like workpiece to make it to small pieces.SOLUTION: While centering both ends of the workpiece 1 with centers 3a, 3b, the workpiece 1 is rotated with the centers 3a, 3b as a center. The outer peripheral part or the outer side part of the workpiece 1 is cut by a cutter 4 leaving the core part 5 of the center. The outer periphery or the side face of the workpiece 1 with the core part 5 remained from cutting is clamped by clampers 8a, 8b of a clamp device, and the core part 5 is cut by the cutter 4.

Description

  The present invention relates to a cutting method and a cutting apparatus that can cut a relatively long and narrow workpiece short.

  Work that has been finished to a certain size in length, width, and height is cut into multiple thin square bars. In this case, the work is a tray made of carbon or ceramic. Glued and fixed to. That is, the workpiece bottom surface is fixed to the tray, and in this state, the tray is positioned on the table surface of the cutting machine and cutting is performed. By the way, when the workpiece is bonded and fixed to the tray, the tray and the workpiece are placed on a hot plate and warmed, and an adhesive (wax) is applied to the bonding surface to position and fix the workpiece on the upper surface of the tray.

  At this time, the positioning accuracy of the workpiece is affected by the force applied to the workpiece, the wax coating method, and the wax coating thickness. The tray on which the workpiece is fixed is positioned and fixed on the magnet table, but a special jig is required to fix the ceramic tray or the like on which the magnet does not work on the table surface. In addition, since a magnetic table cannot be used for a work that dislikes magnetism, a positioning / fixing method using a jig is employed.

  And after a workpiece | work is cut | disconnected, it must remove from a tray, and it heats to high temperature for that purpose, and wax is wash | cleaned from the cut | disconnected member. On the other hand, when the workpiece is fixed to the tray and cut, a cutter cutting groove is also formed on the tray surface, the life of the tray is short, and it is necessary to frequently replace it with a new tray. As described above, the conventional cutting process requires a pre-processing step and a post-processing step after processing, which increases costs.

  Also, when performing a cutting process for finely cutting a thin rod-shaped workpiece, the rod-shaped workpiece can be bonded and fixed to the tray and cut together with the tray. However, if it is an inefficient square bar with a flat surface that adheres, it can be bonded and fixed to the tray, but it is a rod-shaped workpiece with a curved side surface such as a round bar or an elliptical bar. In this case, it cannot be directly bonded or fixed to the tray surface.

  Many small parts are used in computers, copiers, and even household appliances. These small parts are machined in a variety of ways, most of which are plastic, but some are machined. The cutting process targeted by the present invention is one of them and is not intended for a specific part, but it is desired to cut a previously processed rod-shaped workpiece efficiently with high accuracy. .

  The applicant has previously obtained a patent regarding “a method of cutting a workpiece”. The "work cutting method" according to Japanese Patent No. 4147258 is a cutting method in which a rod-shaped work finished to a predetermined size is cut in a ring, and both side surfaces of the work are detachably attached to attachment parts operated by a clamp cylinder or the like. It is characterized in that it is clamped by sandwiching it at both clamp parts, and the workpiece is cut by lowering a plurality of disk cutters attached to the spindle and rotating at high speed, and at the same time, part of the clamp part is cut together with the workpiece. This is a method of cutting a workpiece.

  By the way, even when a stick work is cut by bonding and fixing to a tray, or when a work clamped by a clamp portion is cut as in the cutting method of Japanese Patent No. 4147258, the work is placed at a predetermined position. It is fixed so that it does not move. The workpiece can be cut by moving a disk cutter that rotates at a high speed with respect to the fixed workpiece.

However, as the depth of cut into the workpiece becomes deeper, it is not easy to enter the cooling water, the friction with the disk cutter increases, and the load acting on the disk cutter increases. As a result, the life of the disk cutter is shortened, and the processing speed is lowered to reduce the acting load. And when the depth of cut increases, it becomes difficult to discharge chips, and the cutting accuracy is inevitably low.
"Work cutting method and cutting device" according to Japanese Patent No. 4147258

  As described above, the conventional workpiece cutting process has the above-described problems. The problems to be solved by the present invention are these problems. The work is rotated and supported at the center without bonding / fixing the work to the tray, and the work is cut with high precision and efficiency without imposing a heavy burden on the cutter. Provided are a cutting method and a cutting apparatus capable of performing the above.

  The workpiece cutting method according to the present invention supports the workpiece in a state where both ends of the workpiece are centered, and performs the first cutting while rotating around the center axis. Although the centering method is not limited, for example, center holes can be provided in advance at both ends, and at least one of the centers can be rotated as a drive side, and the centered work can be rotated.

  By the way, when the primary cutting is performed while rotating the workpieces supported at both centers, the workpiece cannot be completely cut, and the core portion serving as the rotation shaft remains. The core part is subjected to secondary cutting by clamping the side surface or outer periphery of the workpiece with a clamper different from the center. Here, the clamper is attached to a mounting portion that is operated by hydraulic pressure or air, and is replaceable.

  That is, if the workpiece has a circular cross section or an elliptical cross section, the clamper cuts a part of the clamper at the same time that the core part is cut in order to clamp the region including the position of the uncut core part. It is. And in this invention, the cutter for cut | disconnecting a workpiece | work is not limited. For example, even a disk cutter can use a wire saw. Further, the number of cutters is not limited, and by using a plurality of cutters, the workpiece can be cut into a plurality of pieces at once.

  As described above, in the present invention, both ends of the workpiece can be centered and supported, and the primary cutting process can be performed while rotating the workpiece. Therefore, the machining speed becomes faster than when machining without rotation, the cooling water easily enters the cutting groove, the tool life is extended, and the chips do not accumulate in the cutting groove. As a result, the cutting accuracy is very high. In particular, the cutting work efficiency is greatly improved as compared with the conventional case where the work is bonded and fixed to the tray for cutting. Then, after the first cutting process accompanying the rotation of the workpiece, the remaining core part is cut by the second cutting process.

  The cross-sectional shape of the workpiece to be cut according to the present invention is not limited to a quadrangle, and even a workpiece having a curved side surface such as a circle or an ellipse can be centered to perform the first cutting process, and thereafter The secondary side cutting is performed by clamping the side surface of the workpiece. Here, when performing the secondary cutting process, by using a clamper having an appropriate shape (a shape that fits the side surface), the curved workpiece side surface can be correctly clamped to cut the core portion. Here, when cutting the core portion left uncut by the second cutting process, a part of the clamper is cut and scratched, but it can be replaced with a new clamper at an appropriate time.

The work shape cut | disconnected by the cutting method which concerns on this invention. The cutting process which comprises the cutting method of this invention. Arrangement diagram of center and clamper constituting cutting device. When cutting a core part left uncut in a workpiece with a circular cross section. When cutting a core part left uncut in a work with a square cross section. The front view of a cutting device. The top view of a cutting device. The side view of a cutting device.

  FIG. 1 shows workpieces 1a and 1b targeted by the present invention. The workpiece 1a shown in FIG. 1 (a) is a bar having a square cross section, and a fine piece is cut by cutting a portion indicated by a dotted line in the bar workpiece 1a. 2a, 2a,. And the workpiece | work 1b shown to (b) is a bar | burr of a circular cross section, the location shown with a dotted line is cut | disconnected, and it cuts into the some small piece 2b, 2b .... Here, the dimensions of the workpieces 1a and 1b are not limited, and the thickness dimensions of the pieces 2a and 2b that are cut and cut are not limited.

  Thus, when the bar workpieces 1a and 1b are cut into smaller pieces 2a, 2a, and 2b, 2b, and so on, in the present invention, both ends 7a and 7b are centered and supported, and are cut while rotating. Is done. However, the cutter used for cutting is free, and for example, a disk cutter or a wire saw can be used. Of course, other cutters may be used. As a disk cutter, a diamond cutter having fine diamond particles attached is generally used, and a wire saw is generally constituted by attaching fine diamond particles to a thin piano wire. Cutting can be performed by bringing the wire saw into contact with the rotating workpiece 1 while traveling.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a workpiece cutting method according to the present invention. The workpiece 1 is cut into a plurality of pieces 2, 2... Through a first cutting process and a second cutting process.
(A) is a case where the work 1 is centered and attached to both the centers 3a, 3b, and a center hole is provided in advance at the center of both ends 7a, 7b of the work 1, Centering of the workpiece 1 is achieved by the engagement of the centers 3a and 3b. The center hole is formed when the workpiece 1 is turned into a round bar.

  By the way, one center 3b is driven to rotate so that the workpiece 1 can rotate. Accordingly, the center 3b can rotate the work 1 while the work 3 is centered and the claw is bitten into the tip 7b. Of course, the means for transmitting the rotational torque to the workpiece 1 is not limited to the case where a claw is provided in the center 3b and bites into the tip 7b, but the outer periphery of the tip of the workpiece 1 can be clamped like a lathe chuck. .

(B) shows the process of cutting the workpiece 1, and a plurality of disk cutters 4, 4... Are attached to the spindle 17 at regular intervals, and each of these disk cutters 4, 4,. .. rotates at high speed, and the workpiece 1 is cut by moving to the workpiece 1 side. Therefore, in the present invention, the disk cutters 4, 4... Rotate at a high speed, and the work 1 also rotates at the same time. That is, it rotates together and the work 1 is equally cut from the outer periphery. However, the workpiece 1 cannot be completely cut because the both ends 7a and 7b are only supported by the centers 3a and 3b. That is, the core part 5 is left uncut.

(C) has shown the case where the core part 5 of the workpiece | work 1 is left uncut and the outer peripheral part is cut | disconnected. In other words, each of the disk cutters 4, 4... Cuts the outer periphery of the workpiece 1 to form cutter grooves 6, 6. Therefore, cutting of the core portion 5 left uncut at the central shaft portion is cut into a plurality of pieces 2a, 2b... Using the “work cutting method” according to Japanese Patent No. 4147258.

(D) has shown the case where the core part 5 left uncut is cut | disconnected.
The axes of the centers 3a, 3b are parallel to the main shaft 17 to which the disk cutters 4, 4,... Are attached, and the work 1 is clamped on both sides while being supported by the centers 3a, 3b. That is, the side surface of the work 1 is clamped and fixed by being clamped by the clampers 8a and 8b of the clamping device. The clamper 8a is attached to the attachment portion 9a, and the clamper 8b is attached to the attachment portion 9b. Moreover, both the clampers 8a and 8b have a mounting structure that can be removed from the mounting portions 9a and 9b so that they can be replaced. As shown in the figure, the disk cutters 4, 4... Are lowered while being clamped by both clampers 8a, 8b, and the core part 5 is cut. When the core part 5 is cut, some of the clampers 8a, 8b are cut. The cutters 4, 4.

  By the way, a table is provided on the base of the cutting apparatus, and the centers 3a and 3b are mounted on the table. Between the centers 3a and 3b, clampers 8a and 8b attached to the attachment portions 9a and 9b are provided at a predetermined interval. FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the table 10 provided with the centers 3a, 3b and the clampers 8a, 8b. In the figure, the center axes OO of both centers 3a, 3b are parallel to the main shaft 17 to which the disk cutters 4, 4,.

  In the figure, reference numeral 11 denotes a driving unit for rotating the center 3b, and a motor is incorporated therein. The distance between the centers 3a and 3b can be adjusted according to the length of the workpiece 1 sandwiched between them, and one center 3a is moved to the center side by a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder so that the workpiece 1 is moved. It has a structure that can be held stably. That is, the workpiece 1 supported by being centered at both the centers 3a and 3b is always positioned so as to be in a fixed position.

  Further, the distance between the clampers 8a and 8b can also be adjusted. The attachment portions 9a and 9b to which the clampers 8a and 8b are attached are connected to a piston rod of an air cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder so that the clampers 8a and 8b can be clamped even if the dimensions of the workpiece 1 change. . Since the workpiece 1 is clamped by the clampers 8a and 8b while being supported by the centers 3a and 3b, the workpiece 1 is not misaligned. Therefore, the cutters 4, 4... Can be clamped while being fitted in the cutter grooves 6, 6.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2 (d), the side surface of the workpiece 1 is sandwiched and fixed by both the clampers 8a and 8b in a state where the outer peripheral portion of the workpiece 1 is cut and the core portion 5 remains. Then, the disk cutters 4, 4... Rotate and descend to cut the core part 5, so that the workpiece 1 is cut into a plurality of pieces 2, 2. Here, the workpiece 1 is the same in the case of a rod having a rectangular cross section instead of a circular cross section.

  FIG. 4 is a detailed view of the case where the core portion 5 remaining on the rod-like workpiece 1b having a circular cross section is cut. At this time, the corner portions 12a and 12b of the clampers 8a and 8b are cut simultaneously. However, in the “work cutting method” according to Japanese Patent No. 4147258, most of the clampers 8a and 8b are cut by the disk cutter 4 and the work 1b is placed in order to cut the entire work 1. Although the base is also cut, in the present invention, since only the core portion 5 is provided, the corner portions 12a and 12b of the clampers 8a and 8b are limited. Here, the corners 12a and 12b may be cut in advance, or may be cut during the first cutting process of the workpiece 1b.

  FIG. 5 shows a case where the core 5 remaining on the bar-shaped workpiece 1a having a square cross section is cut. If the cross section of the workpiece 1a is a quadrangle, the side surfaces 13a and 13b are flat surfaces, so that the clampers 8a and 8b can be sufficiently fixed even if the height is low. Accordingly, when cutting the core portion 5 left uncut at the central shaft portion, the corner portions 12a and 12b of the clampers 8a and 8b are not cut by the cutter 4.

  6, 7 and 8 are embodiments showing the appearance of the cutting apparatus according to the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a workpiece, 4 is a disk cutter, 8a and 8b are clampers, and 14a and 14b are clamp cylinders. The main body frame 15 of the cutting device includes a drive motor 16, and a plurality of disk cutters 4, 4... Are attached to a main shaft 17 of the drive motor 16.

  A table frame 18 is provided on the upper front side of the main body frame 15, and the table 10 shown in FIG. 3 is mounted on the table frame 18. The table 10 of the cutting apparatus shown in the figure has a structure that is fixed at a fixed position, and the drive motor 16 can move up and down. That is, the disk cutters 4, 4,... Are configured to be lowered while rotating and to cut the workpiece 1 clamped directly below.

  On the other hand, the table 10 can be raised instead of lowering the drive motor 15, and the workpiece 1 is cut by raising the table 10 with respect to the disk cutters 4, 4,. it can. In either case, the workpiece 1 is clamped as shown in FIG.

  By the way, the cutting device shown in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 is only one specific example. In the cutting device shown in FIG. 6, both clamp cylinders 14a and 14b are used to operate a clamper for clamping the workpiece 1. Although one is provided, one may be used. Here, centers 3a and 3b are attached in parallel to the main shaft 17 of the disk cutter 4, and clamp cylinders 14a and 14b that clamp when the core portion 5 is cut are perpendicular to the main shaft 17 on the table.

1 Work 2 Piece 3 Center 4 Disc Cutter 5 Core 6 Cutter Groove 7 Tip 8 Clamper 9 Attachment
10 tables
11 Drive unit
12 Corner
13 Side
14 Clamp cylinder
15 Body frame
16 Drive motor
17 Spindle
18 Table frame

Claims (5)

In the cutting method for cutting the workpiece, both ends of the workpiece are centered by the center and rotated around the center, the outer peripheral portion or the outer portion of the workpiece is cut by the cutter leaving the central core portion, and the core portion is cut. A work cutting method, wherein the outer periphery or the side surface of the cut work is clamped by a clamper of a clamp device, and the core part is cut by the cutter. 2. The workpiece cutting method according to claim 1, wherein the clamper is attached to an attachment portion operated by a clamp cylinder, and a corner portion of the clamper is cut along with cutting of the core portion left uncut. In the cutting apparatus for cutting a workpiece, a center for centering both ends of the workpiece is provided, and a rotation driving unit for rotating the workpiece around the center is provided, and the outer peripheral portion of the workpiece in a direction perpendicular to the center axis or A clamper for clamping the outer part is attached, and the work supported by the center is cut with a cutter leaving the center part of the center, and the outer periphery or side face of the work leaving the core part is clamped with the clamper. And cutting the core with the cutter. The workpiece cutting device according to claim 3, wherein a disk cutter is used as the cutter. The workpiece cutting device according to claim 3, wherein a wire saw is used as the cutter.

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