JP2012060760A - Local electric power interchange system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To properly deal with electric power in a region when the conditions that an electric power company accepts the reverse power flow regionally vary.SOLUTION: A home power distributor 20 of each house includes a switching unit switching electric power flow among electric power generated by a solar battery 11, electric power accumulated in or discharged from an accumulator 12, electric power supplied from or flowing reversely to an electric power company through a commercial low voltage line, electric power supplied from or supplied to other houses through a shared low voltage line, and electric power supplied to electric power loads. The home power distributor 20 measures each amount of the electric power generated by the solar battery 11, the accumulated power or charge power of the accumulator 12, and the power consumption of the electric power loads. A transaction device 80 determines the flow of electric power in the home power distributor 20 of the house based on the measurement result obtained by a measurement unit of the home power distributor 20 of each house and instructs the switching. Further, the transaction device 80 determines a sales rate or a purchase rate of electric power according to the flow of the electric power. The home power distributor 20 switches the flow of electric power according to the instructions from the transaction device 80.

Description

  The present invention relates to an in-region power interchange system.

  Patent Document 1 describes a technique for opening up trading of natural energy and promoting leveling of electric power load. Patent Document 2 describes a technique related to determination of a selling price in a carbon dioxide emission transaction when solar power generation is performed.

JP-A-2005-185016 JP 2006-163576 A

  In Patent Document 1, it is pointed out that if power is not purchased from a general household equipped with a storage battery, the cost merit of the consumer cannot be obtained and the promotion of the spread of the photovoltaic power generation system is impaired. In order to solve this, in Patent Document 1, it is important to separate the power supplied from the commercial power system and the power generated by the solar power generation system, clarify the features of the power, and set the price. Both have been pointed out. And as a method for this, a power conditioner, a power counter, or a power panel etc. prevent the power from the storage battery from flowing back to the commercial power system, and power facilities in the house are connected by an information network, and each operation There are two methods: a method for guaranteeing the power identity by monitoring the state. In realizing this, a home network function is added to power devices, solar cells, storage batteries, etc. by applying a system such as a home network or HEMS (Home Energy Management System), and a home net GW (gateway), a power company, and a provider. Are connected through a wide area network to build a business model.

  In Patent Document 1, the generated power using natural energy installed in ordinary houses is used as a resource for the whole society without waste, providing a fee that can be convinced by both suppliers and consumers, and the spread of distributed energy systems The aims. Therefore, in order to obtain the benefits of this system throughout society, “(solar power charge of solar installer) <(solar power charge of equipment user) <(commercial power charge)”. In this way, only relatively wealthy people who make solar power cheaper than commercial power and have installed distributed power generation facilities do not benefit from the solar system, but can not install solar systems (equipment users) It is also trying to benefit and promote the spread of the system. Therefore, surplus energy generated by natural energy can be used efficiently at low cost.

However, Patent Document 1 has the following problems.
Patent Document 1 is based on the premise that an electric power company can accept all of the natural energy generated in a distributed manner and freely distribute the electric power. However, on the other hand, it is assumed that the power company will not be able to accept all the distributed power at any time. In addition, the price of electricity cannot be determined only from the viewpoint of public interest or the economic principle of supply and demand balance. Therefore, in a large-scale wide area system such as Patent Document 1, if the location and time in which reverse power flow is possible differ from region to region, the problem may not be solved as a whole. Furthermore, when considering the adjustment between the amount of power generated by natural energy and the amount of demand for power, it is necessary to consider a solution for the entire system, which may make it difficult to implement flexible and early measures. As long as the power information is properly managed on the assumption that the power company accepts all reverse power flows, it is possible to change the rate setting for each region and set the rate according to the conditions. It is also possible to respond flexibly to this, but this premise is broken if there is a restriction on the flow of power. Also, Patent Document 2 does not assume power trading in the above situation.

  The present invention has been made in consideration of such circumstances, and even when the acceptance situation of reverse power flow for each region by an electric power company is different, it is possible to appropriately trade power within the region. Provide a system.

  The present invention is an intra-regional power interchange system comprising a transaction device that manages electric power transactions of houses in an area, and a power generation facility, a storage facility, and an electric power distribution device installed in each of the houses, wherein the power distribution The apparatus receives power from the power company via the commercial low voltage line, power generated by the power generation facility in the house where the power distribution device is installed, power stored in the power storage facility or discharged from the power storage facility, or A switching unit that switches a flow of power that flows backward to the power company, power that is received from or transmitted to another house via a shared low-voltage line, and power that is supplied to a power load; and the power generation facility Power generation power, storage power or discharge power of the power storage facility, and a measurement unit that measures power consumption of the power load, and the transaction device includes the meter included in the power distribution device of the house Based on the measurement result by the unit, according to the determination by the state transition determination unit, the state transition determination unit that determines the target house to change the flow of power in the power distribution device, the flow of power after the change, A control instruction unit for instructing the power distribution device of the change target house to the power distribution device after the change, and the switching unit switches the power flow in accordance with the instruction from the control instruction unit. This is a regional power interchange system.

  Further, the present invention is the above-described regional power interchange system, wherein the power distribution device includes a state determination unit that determines a flow of power in the power distribution device based on a measurement result by the measurement unit, The switching unit switches the power flow according to the power flow determined by the state determination unit, and the state transition determination unit includes the current power flow in the power distribution device of the house and the power distribution device Based on the measurement result by the measurement unit, the target house for changing the flow of power in the power distribution device and the changed flow of power are determined.

  Further, the present invention is the above-described intra-regional power interchange system, wherein the state transition determination unit calculates a transaction amount of power to be transacted with the power company or power to be transacted between houses in the region. A rate for determining is determined based on the flow of power in the power distribution device.

  Further, the present invention is the above-described intra-regional power interchange system, wherein the state transition determination unit, based on the measurement result, out of the power generated by the power generation facility in the home, to the power storage facility of the home When it is determined that there is surplus power that has not been used for power storage and supply to the power load, the surplus power is transmitted to the other house via the shared low voltage line. When the flow is determined and it is determined that the power generated by the power generation facility and the power discharged from the power storage facility in the house are less than the supply to the power load in the house based on the measurement result, The flow of power in the power distribution device of the house is determined so as to receive surplus power from another house via a low-voltage line.

  Further, the present invention is the above-described regional power interchange system, wherein the state transition determination unit is configured such that the power generated by the power generation facility and the power discharged by the power storage facility are less than the supply to the power load. When there are a plurality of judged houses, the house to be instructed to receive surplus power from another house through the shared low voltage line is selected from the plurality of houses based on a predetermined priority. It is characterized by that.

  Further, the present invention is the above-described regional power interchange system, wherein the state transition determination unit is configured such that the power generated by the power generation facility and the power discharged by the power storage facility are less than the supply to the power load. When there are a plurality of the determined houses, the target houses to be instructed to flow the power so as to receive surplus power from the other houses through the shared low voltage line among the plurality of houses are switched according to time. Features.

  Further, the present invention is the above-described regional power interchange system, wherein the state transition determination unit receives surplus power from another house via the shared low voltage line when the surplus power decreases. In the power distribution device of the house, the flow of power is determined so as to receive the power of the electric power company through the commercial low voltage line.

  Further, the present invention is the above-described regional power interchange system, wherein the state transition determination unit receives the surplus via the shared low voltage line when receiving a request for quick charge to the power load in the house. A flow of power in the power distribution device of the house that has requested the quick charge so as to receive power is determined.

  Further, the present invention is the above-described regional power interchange system, wherein the state transition determination unit is the power distribution device of the house where it is determined that the power storage facility is charged based on the measurement result. The flow of electric power is determined so that electric power discharged from the power storage facility via the shared low-voltage line is transmitted to the power distribution device of the house that has requested the quick charging.

  Further, the present invention is the above-mentioned regional power interchange system, wherein the state transition determination unit determines a rate for calculating the transaction amount of the electric power according to the amount of electric power stored in the electric storage facility. It is characterized by.

  Further, the present invention is the above-described regional power interchange system, wherein the rate for calculating the transaction amount of power supplied in response to the request for quick charge is for calculating the transaction amount of surplus power. It is characterized by being higher than the rate.

  According to the present invention, even when a reverse power flow is not accepted in a certain area in an electric power company, it is possible to trade power in the area when there is surplus power.

It is a figure shown for demonstrating the outline | summary of the electric power sharing in the area | region of the electric power interchange system in an area | region by one Embodiment of this invention. It is a connection lineblock diagram of a power line of an in-region power interchange system by the embodiment. It is a connection block diagram of the information network of the regional power interchange system according to the embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the household power divider | distributor by the embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the home gateway by the embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the data center apparatus by the same embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the transaction apparatus by the same embodiment. It is a figure which shows the state transition of the residential power divider | distributor by the embodiment. It is a figure which shows the rule which determines a sales rate from remaining capacity SOC by the embodiment. It is a figure which shows the rule which determines a sales rate from the prediction risk degree by the embodiment. It is a figure which shows the processing flow of the home gateway by the embodiment. It is a figure which shows the processing flow of the transaction apparatus by the same embodiment. It is a figure which shows the example of transition of the electric power rate by the embodiment.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[1. Overview]
The intra-regional power interchange system of this embodiment is an area composed of a plurality of buildings including a power generation facility using natural energy such as solar cell power generation or wind power generation, and a power storage facility for storing electric power, that is, in an electric power cluster. In order to increase the power self-sufficiency in the power cluster. In addition, the amount of discarded natural energy is reduced by promoting mutual power interchange within the power cluster. Hereinafter, the electric power interchanged in the houses in the same cluster is referred to as “shared electric power”. In addition, accommodation here is to supply surplus electric power or stored electric power in a certain house to a deficient house.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an outline of power sharing in a region using the regional power interchange system of the present embodiment. Although omitted in the figure, commercial power converted from a high voltage system to a low voltage system by a transformer 60 is supplied to each house in the region. Furthermore, as shown in the figure, each house is provided with a solar battery 11 and a storage battery 12 that is a dwelling unit battery that stores the electric power generated by the solar battery 11. Power is supplied from the solar cell 11 and the storage battery 12 in the house to the power load that is a device in the house, but when these powers are insufficient, the shared low voltage line connected to the synchronous regulator 61 The surplus power that is not supplied to the power load of the other house among the power generated by the solar cell 11 of the other house is supplied. When there is no surplus power in the area, commercial power is supplied. However, when rapid charging is required, such as when the power load is an electric vehicle, power stored in the storage battery 12 of another house is supplied. .

[2. Constitution]
Next, the configuration of the regional power interchange system according to the present embodiment will be described.

FIG. 2 is a connection configuration diagram of power lines in the regional power interchange system.
Each house in the area that is one power cluster includes a solar cell 11, a storage battery 12, a home power distributor 20, and a home gateway 40. However, in the figure, the home gateway 40, the protection circuit, the switch, and the like are omitted. The regional substation in the area includes a transformer 60 and a synchronous regulator 61. The residential power distributor 20 in each house is connected to the transformer 60 of the regional substation by a commercial low voltage line, and is connected to the synchronous regulator 61 of the regional substation by a shared low voltage line.

  The storage battery 12 stores the power generated by the solar battery 11 or the shared power. The in-home power distributor 20 measures the power generation amount of the solar battery 11, the charge amount and discharge amount of the storage battery 12, and the power consumption amount of the power load such as the home device, and according to the operation mode determined based on the measured value etc. The power generated by the solar battery 11 is stored in the storage battery 12, supplied to the power load, transmitted as shared power, or transmitted to the power company (reverse power flow), or the power supply source to the power load is the solar battery 11 or storage battery 12. , Switching to shared power or commercial power, transmitting power stored in the storage battery 12 as shared power, or storing shared power in the storage battery 12.

  The transformer 60 converts the commercial power received by the commercial high voltage line into a low voltage, distributes the commercial power to the residential power distributor 20 of each house through the commercial low voltage line, and converts the reverse power flow to the power company into the residential power. Power is received from distributor 20 and transmitted to the power company. The synchronization regulator 61 synchronizes the transmission and reception of shared power through the shared low-voltage line with the transmission and reception of commercial power and reverse power flow through the transformer 60. That is, the synchronous adjuster 61 switches between power transmission / reception via the shared low-voltage line and power transmission / reception via the commercial low-voltage line for each in-house power distributor 20 and the regional power distributor 30 without interruption. . Therefore, the inverters included in each residential power distributor 20 and the regional power distributor 30 operate in synchronization with the inverter inside the synchronous regulator 61 by the synchronous inverter method.

FIG. 3 is a connection configuration diagram of the information network in the regional power interchange system. In the figure, the same components as those in FIG.
The home gateway 40 provided in the house is connected to a data center device 70 held by the data center and a transaction device 80 held by the power transaction provider via the wide area network N which is a data communication network.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the in-home power distributor 20.
As shown in the figure, the in-home power distributor 20 includes a measurement unit 21, a communication interface unit 22, a rectifier 23, DC voltage converters (hereinafter referred to as “DC / DC”) 31, 32, and DC / AC conversion. Device (hereinafter referred to as “DC / AC”) 33 and 34 and switches 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39. The DC / ACs 33 and 34 are synchronized with the inverter in the synchronization adjuster 61. With this configuration, the in-home power distributor 20 controls the flow of power by switching the switches 35, 36, 37, 38, and 39. The switches 35, 36, 37, 38, and 39 have an electronic switch and a function of switching the flow by controlling the voltage and phase in accordance with the control signal, and have a mechanism for physically connecting and disconnecting the electric wires. It need not be a part. In the drawing, the shape of a switch is used for explanation.

The rectifier 23 is a diode that allows current to flow only in one direction. The solar cell 11 is connected to the anode side, and the DC / DC 31 is connected to the cathode side.
The DC / DC 31 converts (changes) the voltage of the DC power generated by the solar cell 11. The DC / DC 32 is a bidirectional DC voltage converter that converts the voltage of DC power stored in the storage battery 12 and converts the voltage of DC power discharged from the storage battery 12.
The DC / AC 33 is a bidirectional DC / AC converter. The DC / AC 33 is a DC power generated by the solar battery 11 and converted in voltage by the DC / DC 31 or a DC power discharged from the storage battery 12 and converted in voltage by the DC / DC 32 into an AC power. Convert. The DC / AC 33 converts AC commercial power transmitted through a commercial low-voltage line or AC shared power transmitted through a shared low-voltage line into DC power. The DC / AC 34 generates direct-current power generated by the solar battery 11 and converted in voltage by the DC / DC 31 or discharged from the storage battery 12 and converted in voltage by the DC / DC 32 into alternating-current power. Convert.

The switch 35 switches whether to connect the power line between the DC / AC 33 and the DC / DC 31 and the switch 37. The switching direction when the power line between the DC / AC 33 and the DC / DC 31 and the switch 37 is connected is 35a, and the switching direction when the power line is not connected is 35b.
The switch 36 switches whether to connect the DC / DC 32 and the power line connected to the DC / AC 34 and the switch 37. The switching direction when the DC / DC 32 and the power line DC / AC 34 connected to the DC / AC 34 and the switch 37 are connected is 36a, and the switching direction when the DC / DC 32 is not connected is 36b.
The switch 37 switches whether to connect the power line connected to the DC / DC 31 and the switch 35 and the power line connected to the DC / AC 34 and the switch 36. The switching direction when the power line connected to the DC / DC 31 and the switch 35 and the power line connected to the DC / AC 34 and the switch 36 are not connected is 37a, and the switching direction when the power line is connected is 37b.
The switch 38 switches the output source of power to a distribution board to which a power load such as a home device or an electric vehicle is connected to the DC / AC 34 or the switch 39. The switching direction on the switch 39 side is 38a, and the switching direction on the DC / AC 34 side is 38b.
The switch 39 switches whether the common low-voltage line or the commercial low-voltage line is connected to the DC / AC 33 and the electric power connected to the switch 38. The switching direction when connecting to the commercial low-voltage line side is 39a, and the switching direction when connecting to the common low-voltage line is 39b.

  The measuring unit 21 measures the generated power Pp of the solar battery 11, the stored power Ps of the storage battery 12, the discharged power Pd of the storage battery 12, and the power consumption Pc due to the power load. The generated power Pp is measured at a measurement point m1 between the DC / DC 31 and the switch 35. The storage power Ps of the storage battery 12 and the discharge power Pd of the storage battery 12 are measured at a measurement point m2 between the DC / DC 32 and the switch 36. The power consumption Pc is measured at a measurement point m3 between the switch 38 and the distribution board.

  The communication interface unit 22 transmits / receives data to / from the home gateway 40, and indicates measurement results by the measurement unit 21, that is, measurement values of the generated power Pp, the stored power Ps, the discharged power Pd, and the consumed power Pc. Output data. In addition, the communication interface unit 22 receives a switch control signal from the home gateway 40 and instructs switching of the switches 35 to 39 according to the control signal.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the home gateway 40. As shown in the figure, the home gateway 40 includes a communication unit 41, a storage unit 42, and a processing unit 43.
The communication unit 41 transmits / receives data to / from other devices via the wide area network N. The storage unit 42 stores various data.

The processing unit 43 transmits / receives data to / from other devices via the communication unit 41, and includes an update unit 44, a state determination unit 45, a state notification unit 46, a switching instruction unit 47, and a request charge request unit 48.
The update unit 44 receives the measurement data from the in-home power distributor 20 and writes it into the storage unit 42 and notifies the data center device 70 of it. Based on the measurement data stored in the storage unit 42, the state determination unit 45 determines an operation mode that represents the state of power flow in the residential power distributor 20. Details of the operation mode will be described later. The state notification unit 46 notifies the data center device 70 of the operation mode determined by the state determination unit 45. The switching instruction unit 47 instructs switching of each switch in the home power distributor 20 according to the operation mode determined by the state determination unit 45 or the operation mode instructed from the transaction device 80. The request charge request unit 48 transmits a request charge request signal. Request charging is rapid charging by connecting an electric vehicle or the like to a branch circuit connector connected to a distribution board in a house, which may exceed the rating of receiving commercial power.

  FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the data center device 70. As shown in the figure, the data center device 70 includes a communication unit 71, a storage unit 72, and a processing unit 73. The communication unit 71 transmits / receives data to / from other devices via the wide area network N. The storage unit 72 stores various data. The processing unit 73 transmits / receives data to / from other devices via the communication unit 71 and writes the measurement data received from the home gateway 40 and the operation mode in the storage unit 72.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the transaction apparatus 80. As shown in the figure, the transaction apparatus 80 includes a communication unit 81, a storage unit 82, and a processing unit 83.
The communication unit 81 transmits / receives data to / from other devices via the wide area network N. The storage unit 82 stores various data.

  The processing unit 83 transmits / receives data to / from other devices via the communication unit 81, and includes an update monitoring unit 84, a state transition determination unit 85, a control instruction unit 86, a rate notification unit 87, and a charging unit 88. The update monitoring unit 84 reads the measurement data and operation mode of each house from the data center device 70 and writes them in the storage unit 82. Based on the measurement data and the operation mode stored in the storage unit 82, the state transition determination unit 85 determines the house to be shifted to the operation mode and the operation mode to be shifted. The control instruction unit 86 instructs the home gateway 40 of the house to be shifted to shift to the operation mode determined by the state transition determination unit 85. The rate notification unit 87 notifies the home gateway 40 of the rate used for calculating the power transaction price. The billing unit 88 performs billing management for power transactions in each house.

[3. action mode]
Next, the operation mode of the home power distributor 20 will be described.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating state transition of the in-home power distributor 20.
The operation mode of the in-home power distributor 20 is in an excessive power state, that is, when (generated power Pp) ≧ {(power consumption Pc) + (storage power Ps)}, the charging mode (SO1), the discard mode (SO2) ), Reverse power flow mode (SO3), shared power transmission mode (SO4), or request power transmission mode (SO5). In the case of a power shortage state, that is, (generated power Pp) <{(power consumption Pc) + (storage power Ps)}}, a discharging mode (SU1), a commercial power receiving mode (SU2), and a shared power receiving mode (SU3) The shared charging mode (SU4) or the request charging mode (SU5) is entered.

  In the overpowered state, the battery 12 is charged in the charging mode (SO1), and the surplus power is sold in the reverse power flow mode (SO3), the shared power transmission mode (SO4), and the request power transmission mode (SO5). Electricity. The selling price is calculated by the following formula (1).

  (Sales price) = (Base price) × (Power rate r) (1)

  Here, the reference price is the price when commercial power is received, and the calculation formula for calculating the reference price varies depending on the contract of each house. The power rate r varies depending on the operation mode.

  If the power is insufficient, the battery 12 is discharged in the discharging mode (SU1), and commercial power or shared power is purchased otherwise. Here, in order to simplify the explanation, the purchase price is calculated by the following equation (2).

  (Purchase price) = (Base price) × (Power rate r) (2)

  The power rate r varies depending on the operation mode. In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the reference price for sales and purchase is the same, and the margin (fee) of the power provider or data center is not included in the sales power rate r and the purchase power rate r. However, during actual operation, it is assumed that a commission will be placed on the power rate for buying and selling.

  On the other hand, the remaining capacity SOC of the storage battery 12 used for the determination of the operation mode is calculated from the rated capacity Pmax of the storage battery 12, the stored power Ps, and the discharged power Pd by the following formula (3).

  SOC = (ΣPs−ΣPd) / Pmax (3)

  Subsequently, each operation mode will be described. Transition between these operation modes is performed based on measurement data and information collected by the data center device 70.

  Charging mode (SO1): This is an operation mode when the remaining capacity SOC is less than 1, that is, when the storage battery 12 is in a chargeable state. In this operation mode, electricity is not sold to the outside, and only the storage battery 12 is charged. In the present embodiment, the upper limit of the remaining capacity SOC is set to 1, and it is determined whether the remaining capacity SOC is less than the upper limit. However, when the storage battery 12 is operated, the upper limit of the remaining capacity SOC is set to 0.9. There are also cases where operation taking into account the life of the storage battery 12 is performed.

  Disposal mode (SO2): This is an operation mode when the remaining capacity SOC is 1 or more and electric power cannot be sold elsewhere. In this state, the power rate r = 0, and the selling price is 0 yen.

  Reverse power flow mode (SO3): This is an operation mode in which the remaining capacity SOC is 1 or more and electricity can be sold to an electric power company via a local substation. Here, it is assumed that the power rate r = 2 and that power can be sold at a price twice the purchase price of commercial power.

  Shared power transmission mode (SO4): This is an operation mode in which the remaining capacity SOC is 1 or more and electric power can be sold to other houses via the shared low voltage line. Here, the power to be sold is treated as surplus power, and the power rate r = 0.2 is described. This is a setting based on the idea that excess power is not wasted and is shared cheaply within the region.

  Request power transmission mode (SO5): This is an operation mode when power is surplus and power is transmitted in response to a request charging request from another house. However, when a plurality of houses can respond to the request charging request and the required power is larger than the surplus power, the power rate r is calculated from the rules described later, and the house with the lower power rate r shifts to this operation mode. . In addition, even if it is request charge, in charge below a fixed current, it treats as normal load. When power consumption is required beyond the contract power, the power can be accommodated by increasing the power rate in the region to accommodate power without giving a burden on the commercial side.

  Discharging mode (SU1): This is an operation mode when the remaining capacity SOC is not 0, that is, when there is a remaining capacity of the storage battery 12. In this operation mode, since power is supplied from the storage battery 12 to the power load, it is not necessary to purchase power from the outside, and the purchase cost is 0 yen.

  Commercial power reception mode (SU2): This is an operation mode when there is no power received from the shared low-voltage line and commercial power is received. Since the price of purchased power at this time is the purchased price of commercial power, the power rate r = 1.

  Shared power reception mode (SU3): This is an operation mode when there is power received from the shared low voltage line. As the power rate r at this time, a power rate that is cheaper than commercial power reception is set, and here, the power rate r = 0.2. This is to use surplus power.

  Shared charging mode (SU4): This is an operation mode when surplus power is generated in the shared power receiving mode (SU3). This operation mode continues until there is no surplus power or the remaining capacity SOC becomes 1.

  Request charging mode (SU5): This is an operation mode when the electric vehicle is rapidly charged exceeding the rating of commercial power reception. The quick charge is possible even in the discharging mode (SU1), but when the remaining capacity SOC of the storage battery 12 becomes 0, the request charging mode (SU5) is entered. At this time, a power supply source is selected in the transaction apparatus 80 so as to be provided at the lowest price, and power is supplied through the shared low-voltage line.

  Note that the rules used to determine the transition to the above operation mode can be set in the home gateway 40 of each house. Further, the transaction device 80 stores rules used for determining the transition to the operation mode described above, and in accordance with the rules, the transaction device 80 determines an object to be shifted to the operation mode and an operation mode of the transfer destination. The home gateway 40 can be instructed.

  Table 1 shows correspondence between each operation mode and the connection direction of the switch. In the case where the switches are in the same connection state in different operation modes, the charging / discharging of the storage battery 12 is controlled by the voltage, and the voltage and phase of the system are monitored, that is, an inverter, that is, DC / DC32 or DC / This is because it is realized by switching the operation direction of the AC 33, and these technologies are existing technologies.

The above table is stored in the storage unit 42 of the home gateway 40, and the switching instruction unit 47 is a switch corresponding to the operation mode instructed by the state determination unit 45 or the operation mode instructed from the transaction device 80. The operation directions of 35 to 39 are read out and instructed to the in-home power distributor 20. Switches 35 to 39 of in-home power distributor 20 switch connection in the switching direction indicated by the operation direction instructed to home gateway 40.
For example, when shifting to the charging mode (SO1), the switching instruction unit 47 of the home gateway 40 switches the switch 35 to the switching direction 35b, the switch 36 to the switching direction 36a, and the switch 37 to the in-home power distributor 20. The connection line 37b is instructed to switch the switch 38 in the switching direction 38b and the switch 39 in the switching direction 39b.

  In the regional power interchange system of the present embodiment, the switches 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 of the residential power distributor 20 perform the switching operation according to the operation mode described above, and the transaction device 80 of the power provider operates in the operation mode. The transaction is executed by determining the power rate r based on the remaining capacity SOC. In executing this transaction, transaction device 80 instructs switching of switches 35-39 of in-home power distributor 20 to be transferred in order to shift the operation mode.

[4. Power rate]
Next, the power rate applied in the regional power interchange system according to the present embodiment will be described.

[4.1 Purchase rate]
When purchasing power, the purchase rate is equal to the power rate r and is as follows.

(1) In the case of commercial power reception, the purchase rate = 1. In other words, the price that is the basis of the transaction is the purchase price for commercial power reception.
(2) In the case of shared power reception, the purchase rate is set to 0.2. In other words, the rate is set low as the surplus power is divided.
(3) In the case of shared charging, the purchase rate is 0.2. That is, it is the same as in the case of shared power reception.
(4) In the case of request charging, the purchase rate is set to 0.3 to 0.9.

  As described above, the purchase rate has a relationship of (commercial power purchase rate)> (request charge purchase rate)> (shared power purchase rate) = (shared charge purchase rate).

[4.2 Sales rate]
In actual operation, it is assumed that the sales rate in the case of selling electric power is increased with respect to the purchase rate by adding margins of the data center and the power provider. However, here, the purchase rate (power rate r) is assumed to be the same rate for easy understanding. Further, the loss of electric power is not mentioned here, but since the loss occurs during actual operation, the sales amount does not match the purchase amount. A loss occurs here as well, but this will be described as being recovered by another method.

(1) In the case of reverse power flow, the sales rate = 2. In other words, the power company buys higher than the selling price.
(2) In the case of shared power transmission, the sales rate is set to 0.2. In other words, surplus power is sold at a low rate.
(3) In the case of disposal, the sales rate = 0. In other words, the electric power is discarded because it is not sold.
(4) In the case of request power transmission, the sales rate is set to 0.3 to 0.9.

  As described above, the sales rate has the relationship of (reverse power flow sales rate)> (request power transmission sales rate)> (shared power transmission sales rate).

[4.3 Sales rate of request transmission]
Next, a rule for determining the sales rate for request power transmission will be described.
Request power transmission refers to requesting the supply of electric power to another house when the demand side wants to quickly charge an electric vehicle. Normal charging is possible in the shared power reception mode (SU3) or the commercial power reception mode (SU2). In the case of the shared power receiving mode (SU3), although it is inexpensive, charging with surplus power is not possible, so the charging current cannot be guaranteed. Further, when there is no surplus power, the mode is switched to the commercial power reception mode (SU2) and becomes expensive.

  On the other hand, in the request charging mode (SU5), charging can be compensated because charging is performed using (surplus power + power stored in the storage battery 12) in another house, but other than the surplus in other houses. Because the power of the storage battery 12 of the house is used, there is a risk that the other houses on the selling side run out of power. Therefore, as a rule, the power rate is increased to avoid risk. In the present embodiment, description will be made assuming that this rule is uniquely determined in the entire system.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a rule when the sales rate is determined from the remaining capacity SOC. In the rule shown in the figure, the remaining capacity SOC and the sales rate have an inversely proportional relationship. When the remaining capacity SOC of the storage battery 12 in the house on the sales side is 1, that is, 100%, the sales rate is set to 0.3. This state is a state in which the surplus power is sufficient and the storage battery 12 does not decrease even if power is transmitted. This state is the same state as the shared power transmission mode (SO4), but since the advantage of request power transmission being compensated is obtained, the sales rate on the power receiving side is increased. Here, the sales rate has an upper limit of 0.9.

  If the number of request transmission increases or the generated power decreases, the surplus power alone will not be in time, and the power of the storage battery 12 will have to be used. Transaction device 80 calculates a sales rate for each house from the remaining capacity SOC of storage battery 12 based on the relationship between the remaining capacity SOC and the sales rate shown in FIG. Transaction apparatus 80 selects a house having the lowest sales rate, that is, a high remaining capacity SOC of storage battery 12 as the power transmission side, and supplies power to the house that requested the request power transmission. When the number of request power transmissions increases, the transaction apparatus 80 increases the house which supplies electric power. In this case, transaction device 80 recalculates the sales rate. Thus, in this request charging mode (SU5), transaction device 80 dynamically changes the sales rate depending on the state of surplus power and the state of demand.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing rules for determining a sales rate from the predicted risk level. In the rule shown in the figure, the predictive risk and the sales rate have a proportional relationship. The predicted risk level is a value calculated by multiplying the remaining capacity SOC of the storage battery 12 by a risk factor specific to the house having the storage battery 12.
The electric power stored in the storage battery 12 of each house is used when there is no power generation of the solar battery 11 such as at night. Therefore, when the next day's weather is bad, it is assumed that the power generation amount of the solar cell 11 decreases and the power stored in the storage battery 12 is used. At this time, if the remaining amount of the storage battery 12 is larger, the purchase of commercial power the next day will decrease. Thus, when the next day's weather is bad, the discharge from the storage battery 12 increases the risk. Therefore, the risk factor increases if the weather on the next day is bad. Furthermore, the risk factor increases as the usage amount of the stored power of the storage battery 12 in the house increases.

[5. Operation of regional power interchange system]
Subsequently, the processing of the regional power interchange system according to the present embodiment will be described.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a processing flow of the home gateway 40 of the in-region power interchange system.

  The measuring unit 21 of the in-home power distributor 20 measures the measurement point m1 at every predetermined time interval to measure the generated power Pp of the solar cell 11, and the measurement point m2 to measure the stored power Ps of the storage battery 12 and the storage battery 12 of the storage battery 12. The discharge power Pd is measured at the measurement point m3 to obtain the load power consumption Pc. The communication interface unit 22 outputs measurement data indicating measurement results of the generated power Pp, the stored power Ps, the discharge power Pd, and the power consumption Pc by the measurement unit 21 to the home gateway 40. The update unit 44 of the home gateway 40 receives the measurement data via the communication unit 41 (step S105: YES), writes the measurement data in association with the received time (step S110), the measurement data, and the current time. (Or the time when the measurement data is received) and measurement result notification data in which the installation location identification information for specifying the house is set are transmitted to the data center device 70 (step S115). The processing unit 73 of the data center device 70 writes the measurement result notification data received from the home gateway 40 in the storage unit 72.

  The state determination unit 45 determines the operation mode based on the measurement data stored in the storage unit 42 and the transition rule (step S120), the determined operation mode, the current time (or the time when the measurement data is received), and Then, the state data set with the installation location identification information of the house is transmitted to the data center device 70 (step S125). The processing unit 73 of the data center device 70 writes the status data received from the home gateway 40 in the storage unit 72.

When the operation mode has not changed (step S130: NO), the state determination unit 45 terminates the process, and when the operation mode transition has occurred (step S130: YES), the state transition unit 45 determines the state transition to the switching instruction unit 47. Notice. The switching instruction unit 47 reads the switching direction of the switches 35 to 39 corresponding to the operation mode from the storage unit 42 and instructs the in-home power distributor 20 to switch the switch (step S135). The communication interface unit 22 of the home power distributor 20 outputs the connection instruction received from the home gateway 40 to each switch. As a result, the switches 35 to 39 of the home power distributor 20 are switched in the switching direction instructed by the home gateway 40.
On the other hand, the switching instruction | indication part 47 performs the process of step S135, when the operation mode of a transfer destination is received from the transaction apparatus 80 (step S105: NO, S140: YES).
The state determination unit 45 may perform the process of step S125 only when the operation mode is updated, and transmit the state data to the data center device 70.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a processing flow of the transaction apparatus 80 of the regional power interchange system.
The update monitoring unit 84 of the transaction device 80 monitors information in the storage unit 72 of the data center device 70 and detects that there has been an update (step S205). The update monitoring unit 84 reads the updated state data and measurement result notification data from the storage unit 72, and writes the state data and measurement result notification data in which the same installation location identification information is set to the storage unit 82 in association with each other. The information is updated (step S210).

  The rate notification unit 87 identifies the house whose operation mode has been shifted from the updated state data, and notifies the home gateway 40 of the identified house of the power rate r (sales rate or purchase rate) corresponding to the new operation mode. (Step S215).

The state transition determination unit 85 determines whether or not there is a target for transition of the operation mode based on the updated state data, measurement result notification data, and transition rule (step S220). If there is no target to shift the operation mode (step S220: NO), the state transition determination unit 85 ends the process.
When there is a target to shift the operation mode (step S220: YES), the state transition determination unit 85 selects a house to be transitioned based on the state data and measurement result notification data stored in the storage unit 82. Selection is made (step S225), and status data including the operation mode to be transferred, the current time, and the installation location identification information of the selected house is written in the storage unit 82 (step S230). The control instruction unit 86 notifies the operation mode of the transfer destination to the home gateway 40 of the house specified by the selected installation location identification information (step S235). At this time, the rate notification unit 87 also notifies the power rate r (sales rate or purchase rate) corresponding to the operation mode of the transfer destination.
A specific example of operation will be described below.

[5.1 Operation Example 1]
In the daytime, in a certain house, the storage battery 12 is charged in the charging mode (SO1), that is, in a state where the solar battery 11 is generating power and the remaining capacity SOC of the storage battery 12 is 1 or less. In the residential power distributor 20, the DC power generated by the solar battery 11 is output to the DC / DC 31 via the rectifier 23, and the DC / DC 31 converts the input DC power into a predetermined voltage and outputs it. The DC / AC 34 converts part of the DC power output from the DC / DC 31 into AC power and supplies it to the power load. The DC / DC 32 converts the DC power voltage that is not consumed by the power load among the DC power output from the DC / DC 31, and the storage battery 12 stores the DC power whose voltage is converted by the DC / DC 2. To do.

  The state determination unit 45 of the home gateway 40 is based on the measurement data received from the home power distributor 20 and is in an excessive power state, that is, (generated power Pp) ≧ {(power consumption Pc) + (power storage power Ps)}. In addition, since the remaining capacity SOC calculated using Expression (3) is less than 1, it is determined that the charging mode (SO1) is in effect. The state notification unit 46 transmits the state data in which the charging mode (SO1) determined by the state determination unit 45 and the installation location identification information of the house are set to the data center device 70. The processing unit 73 of the data center device 70 writes the status data received from the home gateway 40 in the storage unit 72.

  When the amount of charge to the storage battery 12 reaches the upper limit, this information is immediately transmitted to the data center device 70. That is, the state determination unit 45 of the home gateway 40 detects that the power is in an excessive state and the remaining capacity SOC is 1 based on the measurement data received from the in-home power distributor 20, and in the shared power transmission mode (SO4). Judge that there is. The state notification unit 46 transmits the state data in which the shared power transmission mode (SO4) is set to the data center device 70, and the processing unit 73 of the data center device 70 writes the received state data in the storage unit 72.

The switching instruction unit 47 of the home gateway 40 instructs the in-home power distributor 20 about the switch connection direction corresponding to the shared power transmission mode (SO4) (see Table 1). The communication interface unit 22 of the in-home power distributor 20 outputs the connection instruction received from the home gateway 40 to the switches 35 to 39, and the switches 35 to 39 switch in the designated switching direction.
As a result of the switching, the DC power generated by the solar cell 11 is output to the DC / DC 31 via the rectifier 23 in the residential power distributor 20, and the DC / DC 31 converts the input DC power into a predetermined voltage. And output. The DC / AC 34 converts part of the DC power output from the DC / DC 31 into AC power and supplies it to the power load. Further, the DC / AC 33 converts the DC power output from the DC / DC 31 that has not been consumed by the power load into AC power, and the power converted by the DC / DC 33 into AC power is applied to the shared low-voltage line. Power is transmitted.

On the other hand, in another house, the state determination unit 45 of the home gateway 40 is in a power shortage state, that is, (generated power Pp) <{(power consumption Pc) + ( Storage power Ps)} and the remaining capacity SOC is not 0, and it is determined that the battery is in the discharging mode (SU1). The status notification unit 46 transmits the status data in which the discharging mode (SU1) and the installation location identification information of the house are set to the data center device 70, and the processing unit 73 of the data center device 70 receives the received status data. Is written in the storage unit 72.
At this time, in the residential power distributor 20, the power stored in the storage battery 12 is output to the DC / DC 32, and the DC / DC 32 converts the input DC power into a predetermined voltage and outputs it. The DC / AC 34 converts part of the DC power output from the DC / DC 32 into AC power and supplies it to the power load.

  When the storage amount of the storage battery 12 becomes 0, this information is immediately transmitted to the data center device 70. That is, the state determination unit 45 of the home gateway 40 detects that the power is insufficient and the remaining capacity SOC is 0 based on the measurement data received from the residential power distributor 20, and the commercial power reception mode (SU2 ). The status notification unit 46 transmits the status data in which the commercial power reception mode (SU2) is set to the data center device 70, and the processing unit 73 of the data center device 70 writes the received status data in the storage unit 72.

The switching instruction unit 47 of the home gateway 40 instructs the in-home power distributor 20 about the switch connection direction corresponding to the commercial power reception mode (SU2) (see Table 1). The switches 35 to 39 of the home power distributor 20 are switched in the switching direction instructed by the home gateway 40.
With this switching, in the residential power distributor 20, AC power supplied from the commercial low-voltage line is supplied to the power load.

As shown in FIG. 12, the update monitoring unit 84 of the transaction device 80 constantly monitors the information in the storage unit 72 of the data center device 70 and updates the information in the storage unit 82.
The state transition determination unit 85 of the transaction device 80 specifies measurement data including the same installation location identification information as the state data in which the shared power receiving mode (SU3) or the shared charging mode (SU4) is set from the storage unit 82. Then, the received power is calculated from the specified measurement data and added up, and the sum of the power received in the shared power reception mode (SU3) or the shared charge mode (SU4) in the region (hereinafter, “total surplus power consumption”). Calculated). The received power is the power consumption Pc in the shared power reception mode (SU3), and the total of the power consumption Pc and the stored power Ps in the shared charge mode (SU4).

  Furthermore, the state transition determination unit 85 specifies measurement data including the same installation location identification information as the state data in which the shared power transmission mode (SO4) is set, from the storage unit 82. Then, surplus power is calculated from the specified measurement data and added to calculate the total surplus power in the region (hereinafter referred to as “total supplied surplus power”). Surplus power is calculated by (generated power Pp) − (power consumption Pc).

  When the total supply surplus power in the region exceeds the total consumption surplus power in the region, the state transition determination unit 85 sets the house receiving power in the commercial power reception mode (SU2) to the shared power reception mode (SU3) or the shared charge mode. Shift to (SU4). This transfer order may be determined or random. In addition, when there are many targets that receive power in the commercial power receiving mode (SU2), the house that is set to the shared power receiving mode (SU3) or the shared charging mode (SU4) may be switched at regular intervals. However, the balance is adjusted so that the amount of power used matches the total amount of supply.

For example, when shifting from the commercial power reception mode (SU2) to the shared power reception mode (SU3), the following operation is performed.
The state transition determination unit 85 identifies state data in which the commercial power reception mode (SU2) is set from the storage unit 82, selects one of the identified state data, and reads the installation location identification information. For selection, select at random, select in order of priority stored in advance in the storage unit 82 corresponding to the installation location identification information, or consumption indicated by measurement data specified by the same installation location identification information as the state data It may be arbitrary, for example, selecting one with a large or small amount of power Pc.

  The state transition determination unit 85 reads the power consumption Pc from the measurement data corresponding to the selected installation location identification information that is the read installation location identification information, and from the total of the current total surplus power and the read power consumption Pc. Calculate new total surplus power consumption. When the calculated new total consumed surplus power is smaller than the total supplied surplus power, the state transition determining unit 85 determines to shift the house specified by the selected installation location identification information to the shared power receiving mode (SU3). The state transition determination unit 85 writes the selected installation location identification information and time and the state data in which the shared power reception mode (SU3) is set in the storage unit 82.

  Subsequently, the control instruction unit 86 transmits an instruction to shift to the shared power reception mode (SU3) to the home gateway 40 of the house specified by the selected installation location identification information. The switching instruction unit 47 of the home gateway 40 instructs the in-home power distributor 20 about the switch connection direction corresponding to the shared power reception mode (SU3). The switches 35 to 39 of the home power distributor 20 are switched in the switching direction instructed by the home gateway 40. By this switching, in the residential power distributor 20, AC power supplied from the shared low voltage line is supplied to the power load. The status notification unit 46 transmits the status data in which the shared power reception mode (SU3) is set to the data center device 70, and the processing unit 73 of the data center device 70 writes the received status data in the storage unit 72.

  If there is still state data in which the commercial power reception mode (SU2) is set in the storage unit 82, the state transition determination unit 85 selects one of them and reads the installation location identification information, and the control instruction unit 86 Similar to the above, the process of shifting to the shared power receiving mode (SU3) is repeated.

  Note that the same processing as described above is performed when shifting to the shared charging mode (SU4), but the switching instruction unit 47 of the home gateway 40 switches the switch corresponding to the shared charging mode (SU4) to the in-home power distributor 20. The connection direction is instructed to the in-home power distributor 20. In the residential power distributor 20, the AC power supplied from the shared low voltage line is supplied to the power load, and the AC power supplied from the shared low voltage line is converted into DC power by the DC / AC 33. The DC / DC 32 converts the voltage of the DC power output from the DC / AC 33, and the storage battery 12 stores the DC power whose voltage has been converted by the DC / DC2.

  On the other hand, when the total supply surplus power in the region is lower than the total consumption surplus power in the region and the supply of surplus power is insufficient, the state transition determination unit 85 of the transaction device 80 performs the shared power reception mode (SU3) or the sharing The house in the charging mode (SU4) is shifted to the commercial power receiving mode (SU2). Alternatively, the state transition determination unit 85 may cause the house in the shared charging mode (SU4) to transition to the shared power receiving mode (SU3).

For example, when a transition from the shared power reception mode (SU3) to the commercial power reception mode (SU2) is performed, the following operation is performed.
The state transition determination unit 85 identifies the state data in which the shared power reception mode (SU3) is set from the storage unit 82, selects one of the identified state data, and reads the installation location identification information. For selection, select at random, select in order of priority stored in advance in the storage unit 82 corresponding to the installation location identification information, or consumption indicated by measurement data specified by the same installation location identification information as the state data It may be arbitrary, for example, selecting one with a large or small amount of power Pc.

  The state transition determination unit 85 writes the selected installation location identification information that is the read installation location identification information, the time, and the status data in which the commercial power reception mode (SU2) is set in the storage unit 82. Subsequently, the control instruction unit 86 transmits an instruction to shift to the commercial power reception mode (SU2) to the home gateway 40 of the house specified by the selected installation location identification information. The switching instruction unit 47 of the home gateway 40 instructs the in-home power distributor 20 about the switch connection direction corresponding to the commercial power reception mode (SU2). The switches 35 to 39 of the home power distributor 20 are switched in the switching direction instructed by the home gateway 40. The status notification unit 46 of the home gateway 40 transmits the status data in which the commercial power reception mode (SU2) is set to the data center device 70, and the processing unit 73 of the data center device 70 writes the received status data in the storage unit 72. .

  The state transition determination unit 85 subtracts the power consumption Pc in the measurement data stored in the storage unit 82 corresponding to the selected installation location identification information from the current total power consumption surplus to obtain a new total power surplus power. calculate. When the new total consumed surplus power is larger than the total supplied surplus power, the state transition determination unit 85 further specifies the state data in which the shared power reception mode (SU3) is set in the storage unit 82, and similarly to the above, An instruction to shift to the commercial power reception mode (SU2) is given.

  Note that the same process as described above is performed when shifting from the shared charging mode (SU4) to the commercial power receiving mode (SU2). However, the state transition determining unit 85 selects the selected installation location identification information from the current total consumed surplus power. Corresponding to the power consumption Pc and the stored power Ps in the measurement data stored in the storage unit 82 is subtracted to calculate a new total consumed surplus power.

  Further, when switching from the shared charging mode (SU4) to the shared power receiving mode (SU3), the same processing as described above is performed, but the switching instruction unit 47 of the home gateway 40 instructs the in-home power distributor 20 to share the power receiving mode. The switch connection direction corresponding to (SU3) is instructed to the in-home power distributor 20. Moreover, the state transition determination unit 85 of the transaction device 80 subtracts the stored power Ps in the measurement data stored in the storage unit 82 corresponding to the selected installation location identification information from the current total surplus power consumption. Calculate new total surplus power consumption.

[5.2 Operation example 2]
Similarly to the operation example 1, in a certain house in the daytime, in the charging mode (SO1) state, that is, in a state where the solar battery 11 is generating power, and the remaining capacity SOC of the storage battery 12 is 1 or less, the storage battery 12 is charging. Then, if a reverse power flow is possible when the remaining capacity SOC becomes 1, the state shifts to the reverse power flow mode (SO3).
That is, the state determination unit 45 of the home gateway 40 detects that the power is excessive and the remaining capacity SOC is 1 from the measurement data received from the in-home power distributor 20 in the charging mode (SO1). When the reverse power flow is possible, the state determination unit 45 determines that the current mode is the reverse power flow mode (SO3). Information on whether or not reverse flow is possible is obtained by referring to the transaction device 80 by referring to information indicating the date and time when reverse flow can be stored in the storage unit 42 in advance, or from the transaction device 80, for example. It can be obtained by a notification sent autonomously. The state notification unit 46 transmits the state data in which the reverse power flow mode (SO3) is set to the data center device 70, and the processing unit 73 of the data center device 70 writes the received state data in the storage unit 72.

  The switching instruction unit 47 of the home gateway 40 instructs the in-home power distributor 20 about the switch connection direction corresponding to the reverse power flow mode (SO3). The switches 35 to 39 of the home power distributor 20 are switched in the switching direction instructed by the home gateway 40. As a result of this switching, the DC power generated by the solar cell 11 is output to the DC / DC 31 via the rectifier 23 in the residential power distributor 20, and the DC / DC 31 converts the input DC power into a predetermined voltage. And output. The DC / AC 34 converts part of the DC power output from the DC / DC 31 into AC power and supplies it to the power load. Moreover, DC / AC33 converts the direct current power which was not consumed by the electric power load among the direct current power output from DC / DC31 into alternating current power, and transmits it by a commercial low voltage line.

After the transition to the reverse power flow mode (SO3), for example, the transaction device 80 detects that the reverse power flow stored in the storage unit 82 has become impossible, or receives a notification from the power company device. For example, when it is detected that reverse power flow is disabled due to some cause, the state is shifted to the shared power transmission mode (SO4). However, if the state transition from the reverse power flow mode (SO3) to the shared power transmission mode (SO4) occurs simultaneously, the voltage and frequency of the shared low voltage line cannot be kept stable. In order to avoid such a state, when the transaction apparatus 80 detects that a state in which the operations change all at once because reverse power flow is impossible, the transaction apparatus 80 shifts to the shared power transmission mode (SO4). The residential power distributor 20 that is prohibited and operates in the reverse power flow mode (SO3) is temporarily shifted to the disposal mode (SO2), and the residential power distributor 20 that is operating in the commercial power reception mode (SU2). , In order to shift to the shared power receiving mode (SU3) or the shared charging mode (SU4), the residential power distributor 20 of the house that has been shifted to the discard mode (SO2) is shifted to the shared power transmission mode (SO4) in order. Control to take.
As described above, the transaction apparatus 80 appropriately controls the transition of operation in order to keep the power line state normal.

  In addition, the transition from the reverse power flow mode (SO3) to the discard mode (SO2), the transition from the commercial power reception mode (SU2) to the shared power reception mode (SU3) or the shared charge mode (SU4), the shared power transmission from the discard mode (SO2) The operation for shifting to the mode (SO4) is the same as that for shifting from the shared power receiving mode (SU3) described in Operation Example 1 to the commercial power receiving mode (SU2).

  Specifically, the state transition determination unit 85 selects the installation location identification information associated with the source operation mode from the state data stored in the storage unit 82, and selects the selected installation location identification information and time. The state data in which the transfer destination operation mode is set is written in the storage unit 82. Subsequently, the control instruction unit 86 transmits a transition instruction to the transition destination operation mode to the home gateway 40 of the house specified by the selected installation location identification information. The switching instruction unit 47 of the home gateway 40 reads the connection direction of the switches 35 to 39 corresponding to the transfer destination operation mode from the storage unit 42 and instructs the in-home power distributor 20 to switch the switches 35 to 39 of the in-home power distributor 20. Switches in the designated switching direction. The status notification unit 46 of the home gateway 40 transmits the status data in which the transfer destination operation mode is set to the data center device 70, and the processing unit 73 of the data center device 70 writes the received status data in the storage unit 72.

  In the discard mode (SO2), in the in-home power distributor 20, the DC power generated by the solar cell 11 is output to the DC / DC 31 via the rectifier 23, and the DC / DC 31 receives the input DC power. Is converted into a predetermined voltage and output. The DC / AC 34 converts part of the DC power output from the DC / DC 31 into AC power and supplies it to the power load. Of the DC power output from the DC / DC 31, the DC power that has not been consumed by the power load is discarded.

  In the above two operation examples, state transition at a fixed rate is shown, but each house receives power in each operation mode from the measurement data and state data of each house stored in the storage unit 82 of the transaction device 80. It is possible to obtain the amount of commercial power or shared power, or the amount of power sold as power sold or shared power to an electric power company. The billing unit 88 obtains the amount of power received at each house when the operation mode is the shared power reception mode (SU3) and the shared charge mode (SU4) in the billing target period from the storage unit 82, and the commercial power reception price is obtained from the power amount. Based on a predetermined calculation formula for calculating the reference price, a reference price when commercial power having the same amount of power as the acquired amount of received power is received is calculated. The charging unit 88 multiplies the calculated reference price by the purchase rate of the shared power reception mode (SU3) and the shared charge mode (SU4) = 0.2 to calculate the purchase price of the shared power for each house.

Further, the charging unit 88 acquires the power transmission amount of each house when the operation mode is the shared power transmission mode (SO4) in the charging target period from the storage unit 82, and uses the same calculation formula to obtain the same power as the acquired power transmission amount. A reference price when a large amount of commercial power is received is calculated, and the calculated reference price is multiplied by the sales rate of the shared power transmission mode (SO4) = 0.2 to calculate the shared power sales price of each house.
The billing unit 88 creates billing data by calculating a billing price based on a price obtained by subtracting the selling price of the shared power from the purchase price of the shared power for each house, and writes the billing data in the storage unit 82. The power provider charges each house based on the billing data.

  Further, it is possible to obtain a commercial power transaction for each house from the measurement result notification data and the state data stored in the storage unit 82 of the transaction device 80. Therefore, the transaction device 80 can also generate billing data for commercial power transactions, and simultaneously charge for commercial power transactions in addition to shared power billing. Power providers also deal with power companies on behalf of individual home payments.

  Billing data for commercial power is generated as follows. The charging unit 88 acquires the power reception amount of each house when the operation mode is the commercial power reception mode (SU2) in the charging target period from the storage unit 82, and acquires the received power reception amount from the power amount by the same calculation formula as described above. The base price is calculated as the purchase price of commercial power for each house. Further, the charging unit 88 acquires the power transmission amount of each house when the operation mode is the reverse power flow mode (SO3) in the charging target period from the storage unit 82, and the acquired power transmission amount by the same calculation formula as above. Calculate the base price for receiving the same amount of commercial power, multiply the calculated base price by the reverse power flow mode (SO3) sales rate = 2, and calculate the sales price of each house to the power company . Then, for each house, a charging price is calculated based on a price obtained by subtracting the selling price from the purchase price of commercial power, and charging data is created and written in the storage unit 82.

[5.3 Operation Example 3: Request Charging]
Currently, there is a house where surplus power is generated in the area and the in-home power distributor 20 is operating in the shared power reception mode (SU3). The operation in the case where request charging is requested in order to request rapid charging of an electric vehicle in this house will be described.

When the request charge request unit 48 of the home gateway 40 receives the quick charge request and the required power amount of the electric vehicle from a computer device or the like provided in the electric vehicle, the request charge request unit 48 sets the installation location identification information and the required power amount. Transmit to transaction device 80.
The state transition determination unit 85 of the transaction apparatus 80 compares the required power amount set in the received request charging request with the total supplied surplus power acquired in the same manner as in the first operation example. When the total supplied surplus power is larger, the remaining capacity SOC is 100%. As shown in FIG. 9, the sales rate at this time, that is, the power rate r is 0.3. The purchase rate is also equal to the power rate r.

  The transaction device 80 determines how many houses in the shared power reception mode (SU3) are randomly or according to a predetermined rule (for example, the profits from sales are made as uniform as possible in each house in the power cluster). After removing from the operation mode, change the number of houses in the shared power transmission mode (SO4) to the request power transmission mode (SO5), and change the residential power distributor 20 of the house that sent the request charging request to the request charging mode (SU5) And balance supply and demand to answer requests.

  Specifically, the state transition determination unit 85 of the transaction apparatus 80 reads the installation location identification information associated with the shared power reception mode (SU3) from the storage unit 82, and is specified by the read installation location identification information. For the house selected from among the above, the shift to the commercial power reception mode (SU2) is instructed. The selection is arbitrary, such as selecting at random, selecting in order of priority stored in advance in the storage unit 82 corresponding to the installation location identification information, or selecting based on a predetermined value obtained from the measurement data. be able to. At this time, for example, the house is selected until the total amount of power receiving shared power reaches the required power amount for request charging. Further, the migration procedure is the same as in the above-described operation example.

  Further, the state transition determination unit 85 reads the installation location identification information associated with the shared power transmission mode (SO4) from the storage unit 82, and selects the home selected from the homes specified by the read installation location identification information. Then, the request transmission mode (SO5) is shifted to, and the house from which the request charging request is transmitted is shifted to the request charging mode (SU5). Further, the rate notification unit 87 notifies the sales rate to these houses. The state transition determination unit 85 writes the sales rate of the request power transmission mode (SO5) and the request charging mode (SU5) in association with the time in the storage unit 82 and the storage unit 72 of the data center device 70.

In the request power transmission mode (SO5), the in-home power distributor 20 outputs the direct-current power generated by the solar battery 11 to the DC / DC 31 via the rectifier 23, and the DC / DC 31 outputs the input direct-current power to a predetermined value. Convert to voltage and output. The DC / AC 34 converts part of the DC power output from the DC / DC 31 into AC power and supplies it to the power load. Also, the DC / AC 33 converts the DC power output from the DC / DC 31 that has not been consumed by the power load into AC power, and the power converted into AC by the DC / DC 33 is transmitted to the shared low-voltage line. Is done.
Further, in the request charging mode (SU5), the in-home power distributor 20 supplies the AC power received from the shared low voltage line to the electric vehicle.

  In this state, when the number of houses requiring request charging increases or when the weather deteriorates, transaction apparatus 80 sequentially switches the houses that are still in shared power reception mode (SU3) to commercial power reception mode (SU2). . This order is selected at random, selected in order of priority stored in advance in the storage unit 82 corresponding to the installation location identification information, or selected based on a predetermined value obtained from measurement data. It can be optional.

Furthermore, when the amount of transmitted power is insufficient even in this state, the transaction device 80 switches more power transmission sides to the request power transmission mode (SO5). That is, when the required power amount set in the request charging request is larger than the total supplied surplus power acquired as described in the operation example 1, it is determined that the transmitted power is insufficient.
The state transition determination unit 85 of the transaction device 80 reads the installation location identification information associated with the operation mode other than the request power transmission mode (SO5) from the storage unit 82, and the measurement data specified by the read installation location identification information To calculate the remaining capacity SOC. When calculating the remaining capacity SOC at this time, the sum of the discharge power Pd obtained from the measurement data may be used as ΣPd in Equation (3), and the discharge power Pd obtained from the measurement data and the request charge request are set. The total required power amount may be used. And it changes to request power transmission mode (SO5) in an order from the house with a low sales rate obtained according to the rule shown in FIG. That is, since the sales rate is inversely proportional to the remaining capacity SOC, the shift to the request power transmission mode (SO5) is instructed in order from the house having the highest remaining capacity SOC.

  In this case, the in-home power distributor 20 outputs the power stored in the storage battery 12 to the DC / DC 32, and the DC / DC 32 converts the input DC power into a predetermined voltage and outputs it. In addition, when there exists direct-current power generated with the solar cell 11, it outputs to DC / DC31 via the rectifier 23, and DC / DC31 converts the input direct-current power into a predetermined voltage, and outputs it. The DC / AC 34 converts part of the DC power output from the DC / DC 32 and the DC / DC 31 into AC power and supplies the AC power to the power load. Further, the DC / AC 33 converts DC power that is not consumed by the power load among DC power output from the DC / DC 32 and DC / DC 31 into AC power, and the power converted into AC by the DC / DC 33 is shared. Power is transmitted to the low voltage line.

  At the request charging request source, the sales rate increases at this point. The new sales rate is, for example, 0.4. The state transition determination unit 85 writes the new sales rate in association with the time in the storage unit 82 and also in the storage unit 72 of the data center device 70.

  If the request charging request increases in this state, the transaction apparatus 80 further switches the power transmission side to the request power transmission mode (SO5) by the same processing as described above. Since the house having a high remaining capacity SOC is shifted to the request power transmission mode (SO5), the remaining capacity SOC of the house that has already shifted to the request power transmission mode (SO5) is lower, and therefore the sales rate is further increased. become. Each time the sales rate changes, the state transition determination unit 85 writes the sales rate and time in the storage unit 82 and also writes it in the storage unit 72 of the data center device 70.

The rate notification unit 87 of the transaction apparatus 80 notifies the sales rate to the home gateway 40 that is the request charging request source, and the sales rate is sent to the home gateway 40 or the computer device of the electric vehicle connected to the home gateway 40. Is displayed. This will be a reference for request charging. That is, when the sales rate is 0.3, it is possible to determine that request charging may be performed because there is a surplus. However, if it is really urgent and necessary, the user will request charging even if the rate is high. If such operation is performed, it is possible to effectively reduce waste of electric power by charging the electric vehicle when there is sufficient surplus power.
Further, when the request charge request is increased and the sales rate is increased to 0.9 and the request charge request is further increased, the transaction apparatus 80 does not accept the request.

  Further, as in the first operation example, the total supplied surplus power in the area exceeds the total consumed surplus power in the area, and the house receiving the power in the commercial power receiving mode (SU2) is shared power receiving mode (SU3) or shared charging mode ( Even in the middle of other processes such as the process of shifting to SU4), when the transaction apparatus 80 receives a request charge request, the transaction apparatus 80 preferentially performs the process of the operation example after receiving the request charge request. Also good.

  In the above, the sales rate corresponding to the remaining capacity SOC is obtained, but the sales rate corresponding to the predicted risk may be obtained. For example, the transaction device 80 stores the correlation between the weather and the risk factor in the storage unit 82, and inputs tomorrow's weather information to the transaction device 80. The state transition determination unit 85 reads out a risk coefficient corresponding to the weather of tomorrow and multiplies the remaining capacity SOC of each house to calculate a predicted risk level. Or the transaction apparatus 80 memorize | stores the correlation of the usage-amount of an electrical storage amount, a risk factor, and the usage record of the electrical storage power of each house in the memory | storage part 82, and respond | corresponded to the usage history of the electrical storage power of each house. The risk factor is read out and multiplied by the remaining capacity SOC of the house to calculate a predicted risk level. Then, the sales rate corresponding to the calculated predicted risk is determined for each house from the relationship between the predicted risk stored in the storage unit 82 and the sales rate.

  FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the transition of the sales rate in the operation example described above. FIG. 13A shows the transition of the sales rate, FIG. 13B shows the power for which request charging is requested, and FIG. 13C shows the supplyable predicted power.

As shown in the figure, when request charging is not requested, surplus power is generated by power generation by the solar cell 11 throughout the region. At time t1, a request charging request is generated. Since the required charge amount at this time is smaller than the surplus power at time t1, the sales rate is 0.3.
At time t2, a request for request charging is further generated. Since the total required charge amount at this time is smaller than the surplus power at time t2, the sales rate remains 0.3.

At time t3, a request charging request is further generated. Since the required charge amount at this time is larger than the surplus power at time t3, the power supply from the storage battery 12 in the area supplements the power that is insufficient for the power generation by the solar battery 11. At this time, the sales rate increases corresponding to the remaining capacity SOC of the storage battery 12.
At time t4, a request charging request is further generated. Since a house with a remaining capacity SOC lower than that at time t3 is selected, the sales rate further increases.
At time t5, a request charging request is further generated. A house with a remaining capacity SOC lower than that at time t4 is selected, the capacity of power that can be provided from the storage battery 12 that can be supplied for request charging is 0, and the sales rate is 0.9, the upper limit.

At time t6, a request charging request is further generated. Since the sales rate has reached the upper limit, further request charging is not accepted in this state.
At time t7 and t8, request charging is sequentially completed, and the expected power that can be supplied for request charging decreases. However, since all the electricity generated by the solar battery 11 is used for request charging, the storage battery 12 is not stored. Therefore, the sales rate is maintained.
At time t9, request charging is further completed, and the required power for request charging decreases. Since the required power amount at time t9 is smaller than the power generation amount of the solar battery 11, it is stored in the storage battery 12. As a result, the remaining capacity SOC increases, and the sales rate decreases to 0.7.
Thereafter, a new request charging can be accepted at a sales rate of 0.7.

The billing unit 88 of the transaction apparatus 80 calculates the purchase price of each house in the request charging mode (SU5) as follows. That is, the billing unit 88 refers to the storage unit 82, calculates the amount of power received in the request charging mode (SU5) for each period until the sales rate changes, and calculates each period from the amount of power received during that period. An amount obtained by multiplying the determined reference price by the sales rate for the period is obtained, and the process of adding the obtained amounts is performed for each house.
Similarly, the sales price in the request power transmission mode (SO5) of each house is calculated as follows. That is, the billing unit 88 refers to the storage unit 82, calculates the amount of power transmission in the request power transmission mode (SO5) for each period until the sales rate changes, and calculates each period from the amount of power transmitted during the period. An amount obtained by multiplying the determined reference price by the sales rate for the period is obtained, and the process of adding the obtained amounts is performed for each house.

[6. effect]
According to this embodiment, the flow of electric power is controlled in the area, and power trading in the area is realized. Thereby, it becomes possible to appropriately execute electric power transactions in the region according to the acceptance situation of the reverse power flow of the electric power company. Specifically, power is mutually exchanged within a power cluster composed of a plurality of buildings having a power generation facility using natural energy such as solar cell power generation or wind power generation and a power storage facility for storing power. Increase the self-sufficiency rate of electricity. Furthermore, in order to give a fair feeling to the power transaction, it is possible to provide different price systems in the normal mode and the request mode, and to set the price according to the state of surplus power and the remaining capacity of the storage battery. Therefore, the following can be realized.
(1) Disposal of dispersed natural energy can be reduced.
(2) Low-cost electricity can be used in the area.
(3) The electric vehicle can be charged with low-cost electric power.
(4) Since the price is determined according to the urgency of demand and the supply situation, effective usage of power is promoted.

  As described above, in this embodiment, the power flow is controlled for each region, and even if the reception situation of reverse power flow for each region by the power company is different, the in-house power distribution set for the houses in the region The state of the in-house power distributor is switched according to the measurement result of the power generation amount of the power generation facility, the storage amount and discharge amount of the storage battery, and the power consumption of the power load, and the power rate corresponding to the state is changed. Can be determined. Therefore, the generated power using natural energy installed in ordinary houses can be used as a resource for society as a whole without waste, providing a fee that both suppliers and consumers can understand and contribute to the spread of distributed energy systems. . Therefore, effective use of natural energy can be achieved. In addition, when buying and selling power, it is possible to make an exchange between individual consumers in response to a highly urgent request from the customer side, and determine the price based on the amount of power stored in the storage battery on the supplier side. .

[7. Others]
The data center device 70 may manage one area (power cluster) or may collectively manage data in a plurality of areas in a wide area. Moreover, the transaction apparatus 80 performs the monitoring control of the above states and the management of charging as a unit of one power cluster. That is, the transaction apparatus 80 reads and writes only data related to the power cluster including the self apparatus among the data stored in the data center apparatus 70. The transaction device 80 may manage a plurality of power clusters, but individually manages rate settings, priority setting rules, or other rules related to state transitions for each power cluster.

Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the state is switched in the home gateway 40 and the flow of the electric power in the residential power divider 20 is switched, you may perform this process in the residential power distributor 20. In this case, the home power distributor 20 includes a storage unit 42, an update unit 44, a state determination unit 45, and a switching instruction unit 47 of the home gateway 40.
Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the switching instruction | indication part 47 of the home gateway 40 instruct | indicates the connection of the switches 35-39 of the residential power divider 20 according to an operation mode, the switching instruction | indication part 47 is provided in the residential power distributor 20. Alternatively, the operation mode may be received from the home gateway 40 and the connection destination of the switches 35 to 39 may be determined in the in-home power distributor 20.

  The home gateway 40, the data center device 70, and the transaction device 80 described above have a computer system therein. The processes of the processing unit 43 of the home gateway 40, the processing unit 73 of the data center device 70, and the processing unit 83 of the transaction device 80 are stored in a computer-readable recording medium in the form of a program. The above processing is performed by the computer system reading and executing this program. The computer system here includes a CPU, various memories, an OS, and hardware such as peripheral devices.

Further, the “computer system” includes a homepage providing environment (or display environment) if a WWW system is used.
The “computer-readable recording medium” refers to a storage device such as a flexible medium, a magneto-optical disk, a portable medium such as a ROM and a CD-ROM, and a hard disk incorporated in a computer system. Furthermore, the “computer-readable recording medium” dynamically holds a program for a short time like a communication line when transmitting a program via a network such as the Internet or a communication line such as a telephone line. In this case, a volatile memory in a computer system serving as a server or a client in that case, and a program that holds a program for a certain period of time are also included. The program may be a program for realizing a part of the functions described above, and may be a program capable of realizing the functions described above in combination with a program already recorded in a computer system.

11 ... Solar cell (power generation equipment)
12 ... Storage battery (electric storage equipment)
20 ... In-house power distributor (power distribution device)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 21 ... Measuring part 22 ... Communication interface part 23 ... Rectifier 31, 32 ... DC voltage converter (DC / DC)
33, 34 ... DC / AC converter (DC / AC)
35, 36, 37, 38, 39 ... switch (switching unit)
40 ... Home gateway 41 ... Communication unit 42 ... Storage unit 43 ... Processing unit 44 ... Update unit 45 ... State determination unit 46 ... State notification unit 47 ... Switching instruction unit 48 ... Request charge request unit 60 ... Transformer 61 ... Synchronous adjuster 70: Data center device 71 ... Communication unit 72 ... Storage unit 73 ... Processing unit 80 ... Transaction device 81 ... Communication unit 82 ... Storage unit 83 ... Processing unit 84 ... Update monitoring unit 85 ... State transition determination unit 86 ... Control instruction unit 87 ... Rate notification unit 88 ... Billing unit

Claims (11)

A regional power interchange system comprising a transaction device that manages electric power transactions of houses in the region, and a power generation facility, a power storage facility, and a power distribution device installed in each of the houses,
The power distribution device includes:
Electric power generated by the power generation facility in the house where the power distribution device is installed, power stored in the power storage facility or power discharged from the power storage facility, power received from a power company via a commercial low voltage line, or the power company Power that reversely flows to the power source, power that is received from or transmitted to another house via a shared low-voltage line, and a switching unit that switches a flow of power supplied to the power load,
A power generation unit of the power generation facility, storage power or discharge power of the power storage facility, and a measurement unit that measures power consumption of the power load,
The transaction device
Based on a measurement result by the measurement unit included in the power distribution device of the house, a state transition determination unit that determines a target house to change the flow of power in the power distribution device and a flow of power after the change. ,
In accordance with the determination by the state transition determination unit, a control instruction unit that instructs the changed power flow to the power distribution device of the house to be changed,
The switching unit switches the flow of power in accordance with the instruction from the control instruction unit.
A regional power interchange system characterized by this. The power distribution device includes a state determination unit that determines a flow of power in the power distribution device based on a measurement result by the measurement unit,
The switching unit switches the power flow according to the power flow determined by the state determination unit,
The state transition determination unit is a target to change the power flow in the power distribution device based on a current power flow in the power distribution device of the house and a measurement result by the measurement unit included in the power distribution device. Determine the housing and the flow of electricity after the change,
The in-region power interchange system according to claim 1. The state transition determination unit is configured to calculate a rate for calculating a transaction amount of power to be traded with the power company or between homes in the area based on the flow of power in the power distribution device. decide,
The in-region power interchange system according to claim 1 or 2. The state transition determination unit has, based on the measurement result, surplus power that has not been used for power storage to the power storage facility and power supply to the power storage facility among the power generated by the power generation facility in the house. The power flow in the power distribution device of the house is determined so as to transmit the surplus power to another house via the shared low-voltage line, and the power generation equipment in the house based on the measurement result If it is determined that the power generated by the power storage and the power discharged from the power storage facility are less than the supply to the power load in the house, the surplus power from another house is received via the shared low voltage line. Determining the flow of power in the power distribution device of the house,
The in-region power interchange system according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The state transition determination unit, when there are a plurality of the houses determined that the power generated by the power generation equipment and the power discharged by the power storage equipment is less than the supply to the power load, from among the plurality of houses Selecting the house to be instructed to receive surplus power from another house via a shared low-voltage line based on a predetermined priority;
The in-region power interchange system according to claim 4. The state transition determination unit, when there are a plurality of the houses determined that the power generated by the power generation equipment and the power discharged by the power storage equipment is less than the supply to the power load, among the plurality of houses Switching the target house to instruct the flow of power to receive surplus power from other houses via the shared low-voltage line according to time,
The in-region power interchange system according to claim 4. When the surplus power is reduced, the state transition determination unit is configured to receive the surplus power from another house via the shared low voltage line in the power distribution device of the house via the commercial low voltage line. Determine the flow of power to receive power from the power company,
The in-region power interchange system according to any one of claims 4 to 6. When the state transition determination unit receives a request for quick charge to the power load in the house, the power of the house that has requested the quick charge so as to receive the surplus power through the shared low voltage line Determine the flow of power in the distribution device,
The in-region power interchange system according to any one of claims 4 to 7. The state transition determination unit, in the power distribution device of the house where it is determined that the power storage facility is stored based on the measurement result, the power discharged from the power storage facility via the shared low voltage line Determining a flow of power to transmit to the power distribution device of the house that requested the quick charge;
The in-region power interchange system according to claim 8. The state transition determination unit determines a rate for calculating the transaction amount of the electric power according to the amount of electric power stored in the electric storage facility.
The in-region power interchange system according to claim 9. The rate for calculating the transaction amount of power supplied in response to the request for quick charge is higher than the rate for calculating the transaction amount of surplus power,
The in-region power interchange system according to claim 10.

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