JP2012013912A - Sound absorption system and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Sound absorption system and method of manufacturing the same Download PDF

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JP2012013912A
JP2012013912A JP2010149734A JP2010149734A JP2012013912A JP 2012013912 A JP2012013912 A JP 2012013912A JP 2010149734 A JP2010149734 A JP 2010149734A JP 2010149734 A JP2010149734 A JP 2010149734A JP 2012013912 A JP2012013912 A JP 2012013912A
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air layer
back air
layer
base material
sound absorbing
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Tokuhito Shibahara
徳人 柴原
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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Priority to PCT/US2011/040497 priority patent/WO2012012044A2/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/046—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/065—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B32B27/322—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising halogenated polyolefins, e.g. PTFE
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/08—Insulating elements, e.g. for sound insulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B1/86—Sound-absorbing elements slab-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0292—Polyurethane fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/02—Organic
    • B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2266/0278—Polyurethane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/06—Open cell foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B32B2307/102—Insulating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
    • E04B2001/8461—Solid slabs or blocks layered
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
    • E04B2001/8476—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling
    • E04B2001/848—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling the cavities opening onto the face of the element
    • E04B2001/8485—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling the cavities opening onto the face of the element the opening being restricted, e.g. forming Helmoltz resonators

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sound absorption system, constituted by arranging an air layer on the back of an air-permeable material, such that the air layer which is large enough to obtain desired sound absorption performance can be secured, even when there is a size restriction on a system installation space.SOLUTION: A sound absorption system 10 includes a skin layer 12 with air permeability, a first back air layer 14 adjoining the skin layer 12, a porous base 16 adjoining the first back air layer 14, a second back air layer 18 communicating with the first back air layer 14 through the porous base 16, and a reflection layer 26 adjoining the second back air layer 18. Even when the first back air layer 14 is not large enough to obtain the desired sound absorption performance, the first back air layer 14 communicates with the second back air layer 18 through through holes 20 of the porous base 16, so the desired sound absorption performance can be obtained because of the presence of the second back air layer 18 without increasing the size of the first back air layer 14.

Description

本発明は、吸音システムに関する。本発明はまた、吸音システムの作製方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a sound absorbing system. The present invention also relates to a method for producing a sound absorbing system.

多孔質の吸音材の背後に空気層を配置することにより、吸音材の吸音性能（特に吸音率周波数特性）を制御できることは知られている。また、貫通孔を有する板（すなわち穴あき板）の背後に所定容積の空気層を設けてなるヘルムホルツ型の吸音構造が周知である。   It is known that the sound absorbing performance (especially the sound absorption frequency characteristic) of the sound absorbing material can be controlled by disposing an air layer behind the porous sound absorbing material. Further, a Helmholtz type sound absorbing structure in which an air layer having a predetermined volume is provided behind a plate having a through hole (that is, a perforated plate) is well known.

例えば特許文献１は、通気度の異なる少なくとも２層から構成される積層体と、背後の空気層とから構成される吸音構造体であって、ヘルムホルツ型吸音形態を有する板状有孔板に繊維集合体を応用してなる吸音構造体を開示する。特許文献１には、「本発明に係る積層体の総厚は０．５〜２０ｍｍの範囲にする必要がある。積層体の総厚が０．５ｍｍ未満になると、積層体の全体が板状になり、吸音性能が殆どなくなる。逆に、２０ｍｍを超えると、ヘルムホルツ型吸音機構から多孔質型吸音機構に移行していき、目的とする低周波領域の吸音性能の確保が困難となる。」、「背後空気層の平均厚さは０〜４０ｍｍの範囲であることが必要である。これは自動車部品のスペース的要件から派生した数字であり、４０ｍｍを超える厚さになるとレイアウト的に車上にスペースを確保することが困難になる。背後空気層は大きいほど効果があるが、仮に０ｍｍとしても積層体自体が厚みを有するので、ある程度の吸音効果が得られる。」と記載されている。   For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a sound absorbing structure composed of a laminate composed of at least two layers having different air permeability and a back air layer, and a fiber in a plate-like perforated plate having a Helmholtz type sound absorbing form. Disclosed is a sound absorbing structure obtained by applying the assembly. Patent Document 1 states that “the total thickness of the laminate according to the present invention needs to be in the range of 0.5 to 20 mm. When the total thickness of the laminate is less than 0.5 mm, the entire laminate is plate-shaped. On the other hand, if it exceeds 20 mm, the Helmholtz type sound absorbing mechanism will shift to the porous type sound absorbing mechanism, and it will be difficult to secure the desired sound absorbing performance in the low frequency region. “The average thickness of the back air layer needs to be in the range of 0 to 40 mm. This is a number derived from the space requirements of automobile parts. It is difficult to ensure space.The larger the back air layer, the more effective, but even if it is 0 mm, the laminate itself has a thickness, so that a certain amount of sound absorbing effect is obtained.

また特許文献２は、吸音性能を有する自動車用内装部品であって、車体パネルの室内面側に背後空気層を介して取り付けられる基材と、製品表面側に位置する表皮と、基材と表皮との間に配置され、表皮の板振動吸音機能のバネとして作用する低密度不織布とを備えた自動車用内装部品を開示する。特許文献２には、「ルーフパネル２０と基材１１との間に背後空気層３０が設けられているため、基材１１の板振動（膜振動）により、特に、低周波数域の騒音レベルを低減できる吸音性能を備えている。」、「基材のもつ吸音性能に加えて、表皮の板振動による吸音効果と、低密度不織布による多孔質吸音効果が相乗的に作用するため、低周波数域から高周波数域の広い周波数域における騒音レベルを有効に吸音処理することができ」と記載されている。また基材の材料として、「ＰＰＯ（ポリフェニレンオキシド）樹脂シート、段ボール等、適度の保形性を備え、通気性がない素材」及び「ウレタン、レジンフェルト等、吸音性を有する素材」が挙げられている。   Further, Patent Document 2 is an automotive interior part having sound absorbing performance, a base material that is attached to a room surface side of a vehicle body panel via a back air layer, a skin positioned on the product surface side, a base material and a skin An interior part for an automobile is disclosed that includes a low-density nonwoven fabric that is disposed between and a low-density nonwoven fabric that functions as a spring having a plate vibration and sound absorption function. Patent Document 2 states that “because the back air layer 30 is provided between the roof panel 20 and the base material 11, the plate level (membrane vibration) of the base material 11 particularly reduces the noise level in the low frequency range. It has a sound absorption performance that can be reduced. ”“ In addition to the sound absorption performance of the base material, the sound absorption effect by the plate vibration of the skin and the porous sound absorption effect by the low density nonwoven fabric act synergistically, so The noise level in a wide frequency range from high frequency range can be effectively absorbed. In addition, examples of the material of the base material include “materials having appropriate shape retention and non-breathability, such as PPO (polyphenylene oxide) resin sheet and corrugated board” and “materials having sound absorption properties such as urethane and resin felt”. ing.

特開平８−３０２７４号公報JP-A-8-30274 特開２００２−１２７８３６号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-127836

吸音材等の通気性素材の背後に空気層を配置してなる吸音構造を、乗物や建築物に設置する際に、設置空間における寸法制約により、所望の吸音性能を得るために必要とされる大きさの空気層を、吸音構造に設けることが困難な場合がある。   When installing a sound absorbing structure with an air layer behind a breathable material such as a sound absorbing material in a vehicle or a building, it is required to obtain the desired sound absorbing performance due to dimensional constraints in the installation space. It may be difficult to provide a large air layer in the sound absorbing structure.

本発明は、通気性素材の背後に空気層を配置してなる吸音システムにおいて、システム設置空間における寸法制約が有る場合にも、所望の吸音性能を得るために必要とされる大きさの空気層を確保できる吸音システムを提供する。   The present invention relates to a sound absorption system in which an air layer is arranged behind a breathable material, and an air layer having a size required to obtain a desired sound absorption performance even when there are dimensional restrictions in the system installation space. Provide a sound absorption system that can ensure

本発明はまた、通気性素材の背後に空気層を配置してなる吸音システムの作製方法において、システム設置空間における寸法制約が有る場合にも、所望の吸音率周波数特性を得るために必要とされる大きさの空気層を確保できる吸音システム作製方法を提供する。   The present invention is also required for obtaining a desired sound absorption coefficient frequency characteristic in a method for producing a sound absorption system in which an air layer is arranged behind a breathable material even when there is a dimensional constraint in the system installation space. Provided is a method for producing a sound absorption system capable of securing a large air layer.

一態様では、通気性を有する表皮層と、表皮層に隣接する第１の背後空気層と、貫通孔を有する有孔基材であって、第１の背後空気層に隣接する有孔基材と、有孔基材の貫通孔を通して第１の背後空気層に連通する第２の背後空気層と、を具備する吸音システムが提供される。   In one aspect, a perforated skin layer, a first back air layer adjacent to the skin layer, a perforated base material having a through hole, a perforated base material adjacent to the first back air layer, and a perforated base material And a second back air layer communicating with the first back air layer through the through hole.

他の態様では、吸音システムの作製方法であって、通気性を有する表皮層と表皮層に隣接する第１の背後空気層とを備える吸音部材を用意し、貫通孔を有する有孔基材であって、貫通孔が第２の背後空気層に空気流通可能に接続されている有孔基材を用意し、吸音部材を有孔基材に取り付けて、有孔基材の貫通孔を通して第１の背後空気層と第２の背後空気層とを互いに連通させる、吸音システム作製方法が提供される。   In another aspect, there is provided a sound absorbing system, a sound absorbing member having a breathable skin layer and a first back air layer adjacent to the skin layer, and a perforated base material having a through hole. A perforated base material in which a through hole is connected to the second back air layer so as to allow air flow is prepared, a sound absorbing member is attached to the perforated base material, and the first back air layer and the second through the through hole of the perforated base material are prepared. A method of making a sound absorbing system is provided that communicates a back air layer with each other.

さらに他の態様では、吸音システムの作製方法であって、通気性を有する表皮層を用意し、第１の背後空気層を用意し、貫通孔を有する有孔基材であって、該貫通孔が第２の背後空気層に空気流通可能に接続されている有孔基材を用意し、前記第１の背後空気層を前記有孔基材に取り付けるとともに前記表皮層を前記第１の背後空気層に取り付けて、前記有孔基材の前記貫通孔を通して前記第１の背後空気層と前記第２の背後空気層とを互いに連通させる、吸音システム作製方法が提供される。   In still another aspect, there is provided a method for producing a sound absorbing system, which is a perforated base material having a breathable skin layer, a first back air layer, and having a through hole. A perforated base material connected to the back air layer of 2 so as to allow air flow, attaching the first back air layer to the perforated base material and attaching the skin layer to the first back air layer, A sound absorption system manufacturing method is provided in which the first back air layer and the second back air layer communicate with each other through the through hole of the perforated substrate.

本発明の一態様に係る吸音システムによれば、第１の背後空気層が、所望の吸音性能を得るために必要とされる大きさを有さない場合であっても、第１の背後空気層が有孔基材の貫通孔を通して第２の背後空気層に連通しているから、第１の背後空気層の寸法を増加させること無く、第２の背後空気層の存在により、所望の吸音性能を得ることができる。したがって、乗物や建築物に吸音システムを設置する際に、システム設置空間における寸法制約が有る場合にも、寸法制約の範囲内で、所望の吸音性能を得るために必要とされる大きさの空気層（第１及び第２の背後空気層）を確保した状態で吸音システムを設置することができ、以て、システム設置空間の音響特性を改善できる。   According to the sound absorbing system of one aspect of the present invention, even if the first back air layer does not have the size required to obtain the desired sound absorbing performance, the first back air Since the layer communicates with the second back air layer through the through hole of the perforated base material, the desired sound absorbing performance can be obtained by the presence of the second back air layer without increasing the size of the first back air layer. Obtainable. Therefore, when installing a sound absorption system in a vehicle or a building, even if there are dimensional constraints in the system installation space, air of a size required to obtain the desired sound absorption performance within the dimensional constraints. The sound absorption system can be installed in a state where the layers (first and second back air layers) are secured, so that the acoustic characteristics of the system installation space can be improved.

本発明の他の態様に係る吸音システム作製方法によれば、乗物や建築物に吸音システムを設置する際に、乗物や建築物に元々備わっている構造部分のうち、貫通孔を有する有孔基材と貫通孔に空気流通可能に接続されている第２の背後空気層とを含む構造部分を利用して、そのような構造部分に、別途用意した吸音部材（すなわち表皮層及び第１の背後空気層）を取り付けることで、吸音システムを設置できる。このとき、第１の背後空気層が、所望の吸音性能を得るために必要とされる大きさを有さない場合であっても、第２の背後空気層を追加することでそのような大きさが確保されるのであれば、第１の背後空気層が有孔基材の貫通孔を通して第２の背後空気層に連通しているから、第１の背後空気層の寸法を増加させること無く、乗物や建築物に元々備わっている第２の背後空気層の存在により、所望の吸音性能（特に吸音率周波数特性）を得ることができる。   According to the sound absorption system manufacturing method according to another aspect of the present invention, when the sound absorption system is installed in a vehicle or a building, among the structural parts originally provided in the vehicle or the building, A sound absorbing member (that is, a skin layer and a first back air layer) separately prepared in such a structure portion using a structure portion including a second back air layer connected to the through-hole so as to allow air flow. ) To install a sound absorption system. At this time, even if the first back air layer does not have a size required to obtain a desired sound absorption performance, such a size can be increased by adding the second back air layer. If the first back air layer is communicated with the second back air layer through the through hole of the perforated base material, the vehicle is not increased without increasing the size of the first back air layer. In addition, the presence of the second back air layer originally provided in the building and the building can provide desired sound absorption performance (especially sound absorption coefficient frequency characteristics).

本発明の一実施形態による吸音システムを模式図的に示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows typically the sound absorption system by one Embodiment of this invention. 図１の吸音システムを模式図的に示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows typically the sound absorption system of FIG. 図１の吸音システムを作製するための本発明の一実施形態による吸音システム作製方法を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the sound absorption system production method by one Embodiment of this invention for producing the sound absorption system of FIG. 変形例による吸音システムを模式図的に示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows typically the sound-absorption system by a modification. 他の変形例による吸音システムを模式図的に示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows typically the sound-absorption system by another modification. さらに他の変形例による吸音システムを模式図的に示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows typically the sound-absorption system by another modification. 図６の吸音システムが有する表皮層の外観を例示する斜視図である。It is a perspective view which illustrates the external appearance of the skin layer which the sound absorption system of FIG. 6 has.

以下、添付図面を参照して、本発明の実施の形態を詳細に説明する。全図面に渡り、対応する構成要素には共通の参照符号を付す。
図１及び図２は、本発明の一実施形態による吸音システム１０を示す。吸音システム１０は、乗物や建築物の内装や外装に設置できるものであるが、本発明の吸音システムの用途は限定されない。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Corresponding components are denoted by common reference symbols throughout the drawings.
1 and 2 show a sound absorbing system 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The sound absorbing system 10 can be installed in the interior or exterior of a vehicle or a building, but the use of the sound absorbing system of the present invention is not limited.

吸音システム１０は、通気性を有する表皮層１２と、表皮層１２に隣接する第１の背後空気層１４と、第１の背後空気層１４に隣接する有孔基材１６と、有孔基材１６を介して第１の背後空気層１４に連通する第２の背後空気層１８とを備える。   The sound absorbing system 10 includes a skin layer 12 having air permeability, a first back air layer 14 adjacent to the skin layer 12, a perforated base material 16 adjacent to the first back air layer 14, and a perforated base material 16. A second back air layer 18 communicating with the first back air layer 14.

表皮層１２は、吸音システム１０の最外層として、吸音システム１０の外部環境と第１の背後空気層１４との間で吸音対象の音を伝播させるものであり、布帛、通気性樹脂フィルム、連続気泡体等の、それ自体に通気性を有する材料から形成される。表皮層１２を、単体で吸音性能を有する多孔質材料から形成したり、複数の異なる素材の複合体としたりすることもできる。図示実施形態では、表皮層１２は、所定厚みのシート状部材として構成されており、吸音対象の音が入射する外面１２ａと、その反対側の内面１２ｂとを有している。なお、表皮層１２の素材、目付、形状、寸法等は、特に限定されないが、吸音システム１０を乗物や建築物の内装や外装に設置する場合には、表皮層１２の少なくとも外面１２ａが、所望の意匠性や風合いを有することが好ましい。この観点で、表皮層１２は例えば、国際公開第２００９／０１７９０８号に記載される多孔質表面材料（例としてポリウレタン系の不織布）を、少なくとも外面１２ａ側に有することができる。   The skin layer 12 is an outermost layer of the sound absorbing system 10 that propagates the sound to be absorbed between the external environment of the sound absorbing system 10 and the first back air layer 14, and includes a cloth, a breathable resin film, It is formed from a material having air permeability such as a bubble. The skin layer 12 can be formed of a porous material having sound absorbing performance as a single body, or a composite of a plurality of different materials. In the illustrated embodiment, the skin layer 12 is configured as a sheet-like member having a predetermined thickness, and has an outer surface 12a on which sound to be absorbed is incident and an inner surface 12b on the opposite side. The material, basis weight, shape, dimensions, etc. of the skin layer 12 are not particularly limited. However, when the sound absorbing system 10 is installed in an interior or exterior of a vehicle or a building, at least the outer surface 12a of the skin layer 12 is desired. It is preferable to have the designability and texture. In this respect, the skin layer 12 can have, for example, a porous surface material (for example, polyurethane-based nonwoven fabric) described in International Publication No. 2009/017908 at least on the outer surface 12a side.

第１の背後空気層１４は、表皮層１２の背後に設けられて、表皮層１２との協働により所望の吸音性能（特に吸音率周波数特性）を発揮するものであり、主として空気から形成される。第１の背後空気層１４を、表皮層１２と有孔基材１６との間に介在して表皮層１２を支持する支持体として機能させることもできる。この場合、第１の背後空気層１４は、スポンジ等の連続気泡体や、ハニカム構造等の、空気を略一様に含んだ状態で表皮層１２を支持可能な種々の構成を有することができる。図示実施形態では、第１の背後空気層１４は、所定厚みの連続気泡体として構成されており、表皮層１２の内面１２ｂに当接される第１面１４ａと、その反対側の第２面１４ｂとを有している。この構成では、表皮層１２の内面１２ｂと第１の背後空気層の第１面１４ａとを、例えば、接着剤、粘着剤等を用いた接着や、超音波、誘導加熱等を用いた融着や、熱圧着等の、公知の固着法により、互いに固定することができる。また、表皮層１２と第１の背後空気層１４とを、予め一体に成形することもできる。なお、第１の背後空気層１４の形状、寸法等は、特に限定されない。   The first back air layer 14 is provided behind the skin layer 12 and exhibits desired sound absorption performance (particularly sound absorption frequency characteristics) in cooperation with the skin layer 12, and is mainly formed from air. The The first back air layer 14 may be interposed between the skin layer 12 and the perforated substrate 16 so as to function as a support that supports the skin layer 12. In this case, the first back air layer 14 can have various configurations capable of supporting the skin layer 12 in a state of containing air substantially uniformly, such as an open cell body such as a sponge or a honeycomb structure. . In the illustrated embodiment, the first back air layer 14 is configured as an open-cell body having a predetermined thickness. The first surface 14a is in contact with the inner surface 12b of the skin layer 12, and the second surface on the opposite side. 14b. In this configuration, the inner surface 12b of the skin layer 12 and the first surface 14a of the first back air layer are bonded using, for example, an adhesive, an adhesive, or the like, or using ultrasonic waves, induction heating, or the like. Alternatively, they can be fixed to each other by a known fixing method such as thermocompression bonding. Further, the skin layer 12 and the first back air layer 14 can be integrally formed in advance. In addition, the shape, dimension, etc. of the 1st back air layer 14 are not specifically limited.

有孔基材１６は、第１の背後空気層１４の背後に設けられて、第１の背後空気層１４と第２の背後空気層１８との間に介在するものであり、金属、プラスチック、木、紙等の種々の材料から形成される。有孔基材１６には、第１の背後空気層１４と第２の背後空気層１８とを互いに空気流通可能に連通する１つ以上の貫通孔２０が形成される。有孔基材１６は、少なくとも自己形状を保持した状態で表皮層１２及び第１の背後空気層１４を支持可能な剛性を有することができる。図示実施形態では、有孔基材１６は、所定厚みの剛性板として構成されており、第１の背後空気層１４の第２面１４ｂに当接される第１面１６ａと、その反対側の第２面１６ｂとを有している。この構成では、第１の背後空気層１４の第２面１４ｂと有孔基材１６の第１面１６ａとを、例えば、接着剤、粘着剤等を用いた接着や、超音波、誘導加熱等を用いた融着や、熱圧着等の、公知の固着法により、互いに固定することができる。また図示実施形態では、有孔基材１６は、所望容積の第２の背後空気層１８を画定する立体形状を有しており、貫通孔２０を設けた平板状の基部２２と、第２面１６ｂ側で基部２２に一体又は別体に連結される１つ以上の柱状又は壁状の延長部２４とを備えている。なお、有孔基材１６の素材、形状、寸法等、及び貫通孔２０の形状、寸法、配置、開口率等は、特に限定されない。   The perforated substrate 16 is provided behind the first back air layer 14 and is interposed between the first back air layer 14 and the second back air layer 18, and is made of metal, plastic, wood, It is formed from various materials such as paper. The perforated base material 16 is formed with one or more through holes 20 that allow the first back air layer 14 and the second back air layer 18 to communicate with each other so that air can flow therethrough. The perforated base material 16 can have rigidity capable of supporting the skin layer 12 and the first back air layer 14 in a state where at least the self-shape is maintained. In the illustrated embodiment, the perforated substrate 16 is configured as a rigid plate having a predetermined thickness, and includes a first surface 16a that is in contact with the second surface 14b of the first back air layer 14, and a second surface on the opposite side. Surface 16b. In this configuration, the second surface 14b of the first back air layer 14 and the first surface 16a of the perforated substrate 16 are bonded using, for example, an adhesive or an adhesive, ultrasonic waves, induction heating, or the like. They can be fixed to each other by a known fixing method such as fusion bonding or thermocompression bonding. Further, in the illustrated embodiment, the perforated base material 16 has a three-dimensional shape that defines the second rear air layer 18 having a desired volume, a flat base portion 22 provided with a through hole 20, and the second surface 16 b side. And one or more columnar or wall-like extensions 24 connected to the base 22 integrally or separately. The material, shape, dimensions, etc. of the perforated substrate 16 and the shape, dimensions, arrangement, aperture ratio, etc. of the through holes 20 are not particularly limited.

第２の背後空気層１８は、第１の背後空気層１４に連通した状態で有孔基材１６の背後に設けられて、表皮層１２及び第１の背後空気層１４との協働により所望の吸音性能（特に吸音率周波数特性）を発揮するものであり、主として空気から形成される。第２の背後空気層１８を、有孔基材１６を支持する支持体として機能させることもできる。その場合、第２の背後空気層１８は、樹脂発泡体等の連続気泡体や、ハニカム構造等の、空気を略一様に含んだ状態で有孔基材１６を支持可能な種々の構成を有することができる。図示実施形態では、第２の背後空気層１８は、有孔基材１６の基部２２及び延長部２４の寸法によって決まる厚み及び容積を有するチャンバ（室）に収容された空気として構成されている。この構成では、第２の背後空気層１８を形成するチャンバは、密閉空間であってもよいし、吸音性能に有意な影響を及ぼさない程度に開放されていてもよい。なお、第２の背後空気層１８の形状、寸法等は、特に限定されない。   The second back air layer 18 is provided behind the perforated base material 16 in a state of communicating with the first back air layer 14, and a desired sound absorption is achieved by cooperation of the skin layer 12 and the first back air layer 14. It exhibits performance (particularly sound absorption frequency characteristics) and is mainly formed from air. The second back air layer 18 can also function as a support that supports the perforated substrate 16. In that case, the second back air layer 18 has various configurations that can support the porous substrate 16 in a state of containing air substantially uniformly, such as an open cell body such as a resin foam or a honeycomb structure. Can do. In the illustrated embodiment, the second back air layer 18 is configured as air housed in a chamber having a thickness and volume determined by the dimensions of the base 22 and extension 24 of the perforated substrate 16. In this configuration, the chamber forming the second back air layer 18 may be a sealed space or may be opened to the extent that the sound absorption performance is not significantly affected. In addition, the shape, dimension, etc. of the 2nd back air layer 18 are not specifically limited.

吸音システム１０は、第２の背後空気層１８に隣接する反射層２６をさらに備える。反射層２６は、有孔基材１６の貫通孔２０に実質的に対向する位置に設けられて、貫通孔２０を通して第２の反射空気層１８に入射した音を貫通孔２０に向けて反射するものであり、金属、プラスチック、木、紙等の、音を反射可能な種々の材料から形成される。反射層２６は、有孔基材１６と協働して、所望容積の第２の背後空気層１８を画定する。図示実施形態では、反射層２６は、所定厚みの剛性板として構成されており、有孔基材１６の延長部２４の末端面２４ａに当接される第１面（反射面）２６ａと、その反対側の第２面２６ｂとを有している。この構成では、有孔基材１６の延長部２４の末端面２４ａと反射層２６の第１面２６ａとを、例えば、接着剤、粘着剤等を用いた接着や、超音波、誘導加熱等を用いた融着や、熱圧着等の、公知の固着法により、互いに固定することができる。また、有孔基材１６と反射層２６とを、予め一体に成形することもできる。なお、反射層２６の素材、形状、寸法等は、特に限定されない。さらに、ヘルムホルツ型（共鳴型）の吸音機能を必要としない場合は、反射層２６を省略することもできる。   The sound absorbing system 10 further includes a reflective layer 26 adjacent to the second back air layer 18. The reflective layer 26 is provided at a position substantially opposed to the through hole 20 of the perforated substrate 16, and reflects the sound incident on the second reflective air layer 18 through the through hole 20 toward the through hole 20. Yes, it is made of various materials that can reflect sound, such as metal, plastic, wood, paper, etc. The reflective layer 26 cooperates with the perforated substrate 16 to define the desired volume of the second back air layer 18. In the illustrated embodiment, the reflective layer 26 is configured as a rigid plate having a predetermined thickness, and includes a first surface (reflective surface) 26a that is in contact with the end surface 24a of the extension 24 of the perforated base material 16 and the opposite side thereof. The second surface 26b. In this configuration, the end surface 24a of the extension 24 of the perforated substrate 16 and the first surface 26a of the reflective layer 26 are bonded using, for example, an adhesive or a pressure sensitive adhesive, ultrasonic waves, induction heating, or the like. They can be fixed to each other by a known fixing method such as fusion or thermocompression bonding. Further, the perforated substrate 16 and the reflective layer 26 can be integrally formed in advance. The material, shape, dimensions, etc. of the reflective layer 26 are not particularly limited. Further, when the Helmholtz type (resonance type) sound absorbing function is not required, the reflective layer 26 can be omitted.

上記構成を有する吸音システム１０は、図３に示す本発明の一実施形態による吸音システム作製方法によって作製できる。
この方法では、まず、通気性を有する表皮層１２と表皮層１２に隣接する第１の背後空気層１４とを備える吸音部材２８を用意する（図３（ａ））。他方、貫通孔２０を有する有孔基材１６であって、貫通孔２０が第２の背後空気層１８に空気流通可能に接続されている有孔基材１６を用意する（図３（ｂ））。次に、第１の背後空気層１４の第２面１４ｂを有孔基材１６の第１面１６ａに対向させて、吸音部材２８を有孔基材１６に取り付け、第１の背後空気層１４の第２面１４ｂと有孔基材１６の第１面１６ａとを接着や融着等により互いに固定する（図３（ｃ））。それにより、有孔基材１６の貫通孔２０を介して、第１の背後空気層１４と第２の背後空気層１８とを互いに連通させる。 The sound absorbing system 10 having the above-described configuration can be manufactured by the sound absorbing system manufacturing method according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.
In this method, first, a sound absorbing member 28 including a skin layer 12 having air permeability and a first back air layer 14 adjacent to the skin layer 12 is prepared (FIG. 3A). On the other hand, a perforated base material 16 having a through hole 20 is prepared, and the perforated base material 16 is prepared such that the through hole 20 is connected to the second back air layer 18 so as to allow air flow (FIG. 3B). Next, the second surface 14 b of the first back air layer 14 is opposed to the first surface 16 a of the perforated base material 16, the sound absorbing member 28 is attached to the perforated base material 16, and the second surface of the first back air layer 14 is 14b and the first surface 16a of the perforated substrate 16 are fixed to each other by adhesion, fusion, or the like (FIG. 3C). Accordingly, the first back air layer 14 and the second back air layer 18 are communicated with each other through the through hole 20 of the perforated base material 16.

さらに、第２の背後空気層１８に隣接させて反射層２６を配置し、有孔基材１６の延長部２４の末端面２４ａと反射層２６の第１面２６ａとを接着や融着等により互いに固定する（図３（ｄ））。この作業は、吸音部材２８を有孔基材１６に取り付ける前、取り付けると同時、又は取り付けた後に実施できる。このようにして、吸音システム１０が作製される。   Further, the reflective layer 26 is disposed adjacent to the second back air layer 18, and the end surface 24a of the extension 24 of the perforated base material 16 and the first surface 26a of the reflective layer 26 are fixed to each other by adhesion or fusion. (FIG. 3D). This operation can be performed before, simultaneously with, or after attaching the sound absorbing member 28 to the perforated substrate 16. In this way, the sound absorbing system 10 is produced.

上記した吸音システム作製方法において、第１の背後空気層１４が、支持体として機能する空気以外の要素を含む構成（例えば連続気泡体）では、吸音部材２８を用意する代りに、表皮層１２と第１の背後空気層１４とを別々に用意し、第１の背後空気層１４を有孔基材１６に取り付けるとともに表皮層１２を第１の背後空気層１４に取り付けるようにすることもできる。また、有孔基材１６に後工程で反射層２６を取り付ける代りに、反射層２６を予め一体的に備えている有孔基材１６（図３（ｅ））を用いることもできる。また、有孔基材１６を用意する際に、予め設けられている貫通孔２０に追加して新たな貫通孔２０を後加工で形成したり、貫通孔２０を有さない無孔基材１６´（図３（ｆ））をまず用意して、後加工で所望の貫通孔２０を形成することにより有孔基材１６を用意したりすることもできる。   In the above-described sound absorbing system manufacturing method, in a configuration in which the first back air layer 14 includes an element other than air that functions as a support (for example, an open cell body), instead of preparing the sound absorbing member 28, The first back air layer 14 may be prepared separately, and the first back air layer 14 may be attached to the porous substrate 16 and the skin layer 12 may be attached to the first back air layer 14. Further, instead of attaching the reflective layer 26 to the perforated base material 16 in a later step, the perforated base material 16 (FIG. 3 (e)) provided with the reflective layer 26 integrally in advance can also be used. Further, when the perforated base material 16 is prepared, a new through hole 20 is formed by post-processing in addition to the through holes 20 provided in advance, or a non-porous base material 16 ′ having no through hole 20 (FIG. 3). (F)) may be prepared first, and the perforated base material 16 may be prepared by forming a desired through-hole 20 by post-processing.

上記構成を有する吸音システム１０及びその作製方法によれば、乗物や建築物に吸音システム１０を設置する際に、乗物や建築物に元々備わっている構造部分のうち、貫通孔２０を有する有孔基材１６と貫通孔２０に空気流通可能に接続されている第２の背後空気層１８とを含む構造部分を利用して、そのような構造部分に、別途用意した吸音部材２８（すなわち表皮層１２及び第１の背後空気層１４）を取り付けることで、吸音システム１０を設置できる。このとき、第１の背後空気層１４が、所望の吸音性能（特に吸音率周波数特性）を得るために必要とされる大きさ（厚み又は容積）を有さない場合であっても、第２の背後空気層１８を追加することでそのような大きさ（厚み又は容積）が確保されるのであれば、第１の背後空気層１４が有孔基材１６の貫通孔２０を通して第２の背後空気層１８に連通しているから、第１の背後空気層１４（したがって吸音部材２８）の寸法を増加させること無く、乗物や建築物に元々備わっている第２の背後空気層１８の存在により、所望の吸音性能（特に吸音率周波数特性）を得ることができる。なお、概説すると、第２の背後空気層１８の大きさが増加するに従い、吸音システム１０の吸音率周波数特性におけるピーク吸音率が低周波域に移動する。   According to the sound absorbing system 10 having the above-described configuration and the manufacturing method thereof, the perforated base material having the through holes 20 among the structural parts originally provided in the vehicle or the building when the sound absorbing system 10 is installed in the vehicle or the building. 16 and a second back air layer 18 connected to the through hole 20 so as to allow air flow, a sound absorbing member 28 (that is, the skin layer 12 and The sound absorption system 10 can be installed by attaching the first back air layer 14). At this time, even if the first back air layer 14 does not have a size (thickness or volume) required to obtain a desired sound absorption performance (especially a sound absorption frequency characteristic), the second If such a size (thickness or volume) is ensured by adding the back air layer 18, the first back air layer 14 passes through the through holes 20 of the perforated substrate 16 and the second back air layer 18, the presence of the second back air layer 18 originally provided in the vehicle or the building without increasing the size of the first back air layer 14 (and hence the sound absorbing member 28). The sound absorption performance (especially the sound absorption coefficient frequency characteristic) can be obtained. In general, as the size of the second back air layer 18 increases, the peak sound absorption rate in the sound absorption frequency characteristic of the sound absorption system 10 moves to a low frequency range.

このように、吸音システム１０及びその作製方法によれば、システム設置空間における寸法制約が有る場合にも、寸法制約の範囲内で、所望の吸音性能を得るために必要とされる大きさの空気層を確保できる。したがって、通気性素材の背後に空気層を配置してなる従来の吸音構造では、空気層を拡張することが設置空間における寸法制約により困難なために設置できなかった場所であっても、吸音システム１０を、所望の吸音性能を発揮可能な状態で設置することができ、以て、そのような設置場所の周囲空間の音響特性を改善できる。   As described above, according to the sound absorbing system 10 and the manufacturing method thereof, air having a size required to obtain a desired sound absorbing performance within the range of the dimensional constraint even when there is a dimensional constraint in the system installation space. A layer can be secured. Therefore, even with a conventional sound absorbing structure in which an air layer is arranged behind a breathable material, it is difficult to expand the air layer due to dimensional constraints in the installation space. 10 can be installed in a state where the desired sound absorption performance can be exhibited, and thus the acoustic characteristics of the surrounding space of such an installation location can be improved.

吸音システム１０を好適に設置できる場所としては、例えば自動車の内装（天井、インストルメントパネル、ピラーパネル、ドアトリム、コンソールボックス等）が挙げられる。この場合、内装部品の任意の板状部分を有孔基材１６として利用でき、当該板状部分の背後の空間を第２の背後空気層１８として利用でき、当該板状部分に元々備わっている補強リブを有孔基材１６の柱状又は壁状の延長部２４として利用できる。また、当該板状部分に空間を介して対向する部材（内装部品や車体パネルの一部）を反射層２６として利用できる。なお、第２の背後空気層１８として利用できる空間の前面の板状部分が貫通孔２０を有さない場合や貫通孔２０の開口率が不足する場合は、吸音部材２８（すなわち表皮層１２及び第１の背後空気層１４）を当該板状部分に取り付ける前に、当該板状部分に所望構成（形状、寸法、配置、開口率等）の貫通孔２０を加工して形成することができる。   As a place where the sound absorbing system 10 can be suitably installed, for example, the interior of a car (ceiling, instrument panel, pillar panel, door trim, console box, etc.) can be cited. In this case, any plate-like portion of the interior part can be used as the perforated base material 16, the space behind the plate-like portion can be used as the second back air layer 18, and the reinforcing ribs originally provided in the plate-like portion Can be used as the columnar or wall-like extension 24 of the perforated substrate 16. Further, a member (a part of an interior part or a vehicle body panel) that faces the plate-like portion through a space can be used as the reflective layer 26. In addition, when the plate-like part of the front surface of the space that can be used as the second back air layer 18 does not have the through hole 20 or when the opening ratio of the through hole 20 is insufficient, the sound absorbing member 28 (that is, the skin layer 12 and Before the first back air layer 14) is attached to the plate-like portion, the through-hole 20 having a desired configuration (shape, size, arrangement, aperture ratio, etc.) can be processed and formed in the plate-like portion.

吸音システム１０において、第２の背後空気層１８は、所望の吸音性能（特に吸音率周波数特性）を得るために必要とされる第１の背後空気層１６の大きさ（厚み又は容積）の不足分を補填できることを条件として、有孔基材１６の貫通孔２０に隣接して配置されていなくてもよい。例えば、図４に変形例（吸音システム１０１）として示すように、有孔基材１６と反射層２６との間に画定される第２の背後空気層１８が、有孔基材１６の貫通孔２０から側方にずれた位置に配置される構成とすることができる。吸音システム１０１では、有孔基材１６の全ての貫通孔２０に満遍無く空気が行き渡るように、有孔基材１６と第２の背後空気層１８との間に、貫通孔２０と第２の背後空気層１８とを空気流通可能に互いに接続する空気通路３０が設けられている。   In the sound absorbing system 10, the second back air layer 18 is insufficient in size (thickness or volume) of the first back air layer 16 required to obtain a desired sound absorption performance (particularly, sound absorption coefficient frequency characteristics). It may not be arranged adjacent to the through-hole 20 of the perforated substrate 16 on the condition that the portion can be compensated. For example, as shown in FIG. 4 as a modified example (sound absorbing system 101), the second back air layer 18 defined between the perforated base material 16 and the reflective layer 26 extends laterally from the through hole 20 of the perforated base material 16. It can be set as the structure arrange | positioned in the position shifted | deviated. In the sound absorbing system 101, the through-hole 20 and the second back air layer are interposed between the perforated base material 16 and the second back air layer 18 so that the air is evenly distributed to all the through-holes 20 of the perforated base material 16. 18 is provided with an air passage 30 that connects the two to each other so that air can flow.

また、図５に他の変形例（吸音システム１０２）として示すように、第２の背後空気層１８が有孔基材１６から離隔した位置に配置される構成とすることもできる。吸音システム１０２では、有孔基材１６と反射層２６とから形成されるチャンバから離れた位置に、第２の背後空気層１８を収容する第２のチャンバを形成するケーシング３２が設けられ、反射層２６とケーシング３２とが連結管３４によって互いに連結されている。そして、反射層２６に形成した空気孔３６とケーシング３２に形成した空気孔３８とが、連結管３４の管路４０によって互いに接続されて空気通路を構成し、この空気通路が有孔基材１６と第２の背後空気層１８との間の空気通路３０に接続されている。図４及び図５のいずれの構成によっても、第２の背後空気層１８が有効に作用して、図１の吸音システム１０と同等の効果が奏される。   Further, as shown in FIG. 5 as another modified example (sound absorbing system 102), the second back air layer 18 may be arranged at a position separated from the perforated base material 16. In the sound absorbing system 102, a casing 32 that forms a second chamber that houses the second back air layer 18 is provided at a position away from the chamber formed by the perforated base material 16 and the reflective layer 26. And the casing 32 are connected to each other by a connecting pipe 34. The air holes 36 formed in the reflective layer 26 and the air holes 38 formed in the casing 32 are connected to each other by the pipe line 40 of the connecting pipe 34 to form an air passage. The air passage 30 between the two back air layers 18 is connected. 4 and 5, the second back air layer 18 acts effectively, and an effect equivalent to that of the sound absorbing system 10 of FIG. 1 is achieved.

吸音システム１０において、表皮層１２は、所望の形状及び寸法を有する第１の背後空気層１４を表皮層１２と有孔基材１６との間に画定する立体形状を有することができる。例えば、図６にさらに他の変形例（吸音システム１０３）として示すように、表皮層１２は、頂部４２と側部４４とを有する椀状の形状を有することができる。吸音システム１０３では、表皮層１２と有孔基材１６とから形成されるチャンバに、第１の背後空気層１４として空気が収容されている。この構成では、例えば図７に示すように、表皮層１２に、要求される意匠性等に応じて、頂部４２と側部４４とを有する隆起部分４６を１つ（図７（ａ））又は複数（図７（ｂ））設けることもできる。このように、吸音システム１０においては、第２の背後空気層１８が存在することにより、第１の背後空気層１４を比較的自由に設計できるので、意匠性等の要求に応じることが容易になる。   In the sound absorbing system 10, the skin layer 12 can have a three-dimensional shape that defines a first back air layer 14 having a desired shape and dimensions between the skin layer 12 and the perforated substrate 16. For example, as shown in FIG. 6 as still another modified example (sound absorbing system 103), the skin layer 12 may have a bowl-like shape having a top portion 42 and side portions 44. In the sound absorption system 103, air is accommodated as a first back air layer 14 in a chamber formed by the skin layer 12 and the perforated substrate 16. In this configuration, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, the skin layer 12 has one raised portion 46 having a top portion 42 and a side portion 44 (FIG. 7A) or according to the required design properties or the like. A plurality (FIG. 7B) can also be provided. Thus, in the sound absorbing system 10, since the first back air layer 14 can be designed relatively freely due to the presence of the second back air layer 18, it is easy to meet the demands for design and the like. Become.

上記した吸音システム１０の効果を明確にするべく、吸音性能に関する以下の実験を行った。
図１及び図５に示す吸音システム１０、１０２を、以下の構成で作製した。
表皮層１２・・・（Ａ）ポリウレタン不織布（面密度４００ｇ／ｍ２、厚み０．９８ｍｍ）
第１の背後空気層１４・・・（Ｂ）連続気泡ポリウレタンフォーム（面密度６８ｇ／ｍ２、厚み５ｍｍ：ブリジストン化成品東京株式会社（東京都）製のＦＤＷ）
（Ｃ）空気（厚み５ｍｍ）
有孔基材１６・・・（Ｄ）パンチングテフロン板（厚み１ｍｍ、開口度変更）
（Ｅ）穴開き真鍮板（厚み１ｍｍ、開口度２０．３％）
第２の背後空気層１８・・・（Ｆ）空気（厚み変更）
連結管３４・・・（Ｇ）銅管（厚み０．６ｍｍ、長さ６ｍｍ、内径９ｍｍ） In order to clarify the effect of the sound absorbing system 10 described above, the following experiment on sound absorbing performance was performed.
The sound absorbing systems 10 and 102 shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 were produced with the following configuration.
Skin layer 12 (A) Polyurethane non-woven fabric (surface density 400 g / m 2 , thickness 0.98 mm)
First back air layer 14 (B) open-cell polyurethane foam (surface density 68 g / m 2, thickness 5 mm: FDW manufactured by Bridgestone Chemicals Tokyo Co., Ltd. (Tokyo))
(C) Air (thickness 5mm)
Perforated substrate 16 ... (D) Punched Teflon plate (thickness 1mm, opening degree change)
(E) Perforated brass plate (thickness 1mm, openness 20.3%)
2nd back air layer 18 ... (F) Air (thickness change)
Connecting pipe 34 ... (G) Copper pipe (thickness 0.6mm, length 6mm, inner diameter 9mm)

上記材料を用いて、第１の背後空気層１４の材料、有孔基材１６の材料及び開口度、並びに第２の背後空気層１８の厚みを変更し、吸音システム１０、１０２の実施例及び比較例を下記内容で作製した。   Examples and comparative examples of the sound absorbing systems 10 and 102 are changed by changing the material of the first back air layer 14, the material and opening degree of the perforated base material 16, and the thickness of the second back air layer 18 using the above materials. Was made with the following contents.

Figure 2012013912
Figure 2012013912

上記した実施例及び比較例の吸音性能（吸音率周波数特性）を、ＩＳＯ１０５３４−２、ＪＩＳ１４０５−２に準拠した垂直入射吸音率測定システム（日東紡音響エンジニアリング株式会社（東京都）製のインピーダンスチューブＷｉｎＺａｃＭＴＸ）を使用して、２５０（４００）〜５０００Ｈｚでの垂直入射吸音率（１／３オクターブ平均）で測定した。測定結果は、下記の通りである。   The sound absorption performance (sound absorption coefficient frequency characteristics) of the above-described Examples and Comparative Examples is the same as the impedance tube WinZacMTX manufactured by the normal incident sound absorption coefficient measurement system (Nittobo Acoustic Engineering Co., Ltd. (Tokyo)) based on ISO10534-2 and JIS1405-2. ) And normal incidence sound absorption coefficient (1/3 octave average) at 250 (400) to 5000 Hz. The measurement results are as follows.

実施例１、２及び比較例１、２
実施例１、２では、有孔基材１６の開口度が増加するに従い、吸音性能が向上した。これは、表皮層１２及び第１の背後空気層１４による共鳴吸音性に加えて、第２の背後空気層１８による共鳴吸音性が発現していることを示すものである。なお、有孔基材１６の開口度が約１０％以上であれば、比較例１、２（開口度１００％）に匹敵する吸音性能を得ることができた。また、第２の背後空気層１８の厚みを増やすことで、低周波音域での吸音性能が改善された。比較例１、２（開口度０％）では、表皮層１２及び第１の背後空気層１４による共鳴吸音性に加えて、表皮層１２、第１の背後空気層１４及び有孔基材１６の総体での膜振動による吸音性が低周波音域に発現するが、吸音効果としては極めて低いものであった。 Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2
In Examples 1 and 2, the sound absorption performance improved as the opening degree of the perforated substrate 16 increased. This indicates that in addition to the resonance sound absorption by the skin layer 12 and the first back air layer 14, resonance sound absorption by the second back air layer 18 is expressed. In addition, if the opening degree of the perforated base material 16 was about 10% or more, it was possible to obtain sound absorption performance comparable to Comparative Examples 1 and 2 (opening degree 100%). Moreover, the sound absorption performance in the low frequency sound region was improved by increasing the thickness of the second back air layer 18. In Comparative Examples 1 and 2 (opening degree 0%), in addition to the resonance sound absorption by the skin layer 12 and the first back air layer 14, the total of the skin layer 12, the first back air layer 14 and the perforated substrate 16 Although the sound absorbing property due to the membrane vibration is expressed in the low frequency sound range, the sound absorbing effect is extremely low.

実施例３、４及び比較例３、４
実施例３、４では、実施例１、２と同様の測定結果が得られた。これは、第２の背後空気層１８が有孔基材１６から離れた位置に有っても、連結管３４による適切な接続が成されていれば、第２の背後空気層１８による効果が得られることを示すものである。なお、実施例３、４の有孔基材１６は、実施例１、２の有孔基材１６よりも重量が大きいので、実施例１、２と同等の吸音性能を得るためには、有孔基材１６の開口度をさらに増加させる必要があることが推測できた。比較例３、４（第２の背後空気層１８無し）では、主として表皮層１２及び第１の背後空気層１４による共鳴吸音性のみが発現していた。 Examples 3 and 4 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4
In Examples 3 and 4, the same measurement results as in Examples 1 and 2 were obtained. This is because even if the second back air layer 18 is located away from the perforated base material 16, the effect of the second back air layer 18 can be obtained as long as an appropriate connection is made by the connecting pipe 34. It shows that. In addition, since the perforated base material 16 of Examples 3 and 4 is heavier than the perforated base material 16 of Examples 1 and 2, in order to obtain sound absorption performance equivalent to that of Examples 1 and 2, the opening of the perforated base material 16 It was speculated that the degree should be increased further. In Comparative Examples 3 and 4 (without the second back air layer 18), only the resonance sound absorption by the skin layer 12 and the first back air layer 14 was mainly expressed.

１０、１０１、１０２、１０３ 吸音システム
１２ 表皮層
１４ 第１の背後空気層
１６ 有孔基材
１８ 第２の背後空気層
２０ 貫通孔
２４ 延長部
２６ 反射層
２８ 吸音部材
３０ 空気通路
３４ 連結管 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10, 101, 102, 103 Sound absorption system 12 Skin layer 14 1st back air layer 16 Perforated base material 18 2nd back air layer 20 Through-hole 24 Extension part 26 Reflection layer 28 Sound absorption member 30 Air passage 34 Connection pipe

Claims (9)

通気性を有する表皮層と、
前記表皮層に隣接する第１の背後空気層と、
貫通孔を有する有孔基材であって、前記第１の背後空気層に隣接する有孔基材と、
前記有孔基材の前記貫通孔を通して前記第１の背後空気層に連通する第２の背後空気層と、
を具備する吸音システム。 A breathable skin layer,
A first back air layer adjacent to the skin layer;
A perforated substrate having a through hole, the perforated substrate adjacent to the first back air layer;
A second back air layer communicating with the first back air layer through the through hole of the perforated substrate;
A sound absorbing system comprising: 前記有孔基材が、自己形状を保持して前記表皮層及び前記第１の背後空気層を支持可能な剛性を有する、請求項１に記載の吸音システム。   The sound absorbing system according to claim 1, wherein the perforated base material has rigidity capable of supporting the skin layer and the first back air layer while maintaining a self-shape. 前記表皮層が、前記第１の背後空気層を画定する立体形状を有する、請求項１又は２に記載の吸音システム。   The sound absorbing system according to claim 1, wherein the skin layer has a three-dimensional shape that defines the first back air layer. 前記有孔基材が、前記第２の背後空気層を画定する立体形状を有する、請求項１〜３のいずれか１項に記載の吸音システム。   The sound absorbing system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the perforated substrate has a three-dimensional shape that defines the second back air layer. 前記有孔基材と前記第２の背後空気層との間に設けられ、前記貫通孔と前記第２の背後空気層とを互いに接続する空気通路をさらに具備する、請求項１〜４のいずれか１項に記載の吸音システム。   5. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an air passage provided between the perforated base material and the second back air layer and connecting the through hole and the second back air layer to each other. The sound absorption system according to item. 前記第２の背後空気層に隣接する反射層をさらに具備する、請求項１〜５のいずれか１項に記載の吸音システム。   The sound absorbing system according to claim 1, further comprising a reflective layer adjacent to the second back air layer. 吸音システムの作製方法であって、
通気性を有する表皮層と該表皮層に隣接する第１の背後空気層とを備える吸音部材を用意し、
貫通孔を有する有孔基材であって、該貫通孔が第２の背後空気層に空気流通可能に接続されている有孔基材を用意し、
前記吸音部材を前記有孔基材に取り付けて、前記有孔基材の前記貫通孔を通して前記第１の背後空気層と前記第２の背後空気層とを互いに連通させる、
吸音システム作製方法。 A method for producing a sound absorption system,
A sound absorbing member comprising a breathable skin layer and a first back air layer adjacent to the skin layer is prepared,
A perforated base material having a through hole, wherein the perforated base material is connected to the second back air layer so that air can flow;
The sound absorbing member is attached to the perforated base material, and the first back air layer and the second back air layer are communicated with each other through the through hole of the perforated base material.
A method for producing a sound absorbing system. 吸音システムの作製方法であって、
通気性を有する表皮層を用意し、
第１の背後空気層を用意し、
貫通孔を有する有孔基材であって、該貫通孔が第２の背後空気層に空気流通可能に接続されている有孔基材を用意し、
前記第１の背後空気層を前記有孔基材に取り付けるとともに前記表皮層を前記第１の背後空気層に取り付けて、前記有孔基材の前記貫通孔を通して前記第１の背後空気層と前記第２の背後空気層とを互いに連通させる、
吸音システム作製方法。 A method for producing a sound absorption system,
Prepare a breathable skin layer,
Prepare a first back air layer,
A perforated base material having a through hole, wherein the perforated base material is connected to the second back air layer so that air can flow;
The first back air layer is attached to the perforated base material and the skin layer is attached to the first back air layer, and the first back air layer and the second back side are passed through the through holes of the perforated base material. To communicate with the air layer,
A method for producing a sound absorbing system. 前記第２の背後空気層に隣接させて反射層を配置する、請求項７又は８に記載の吸音システム作製方法。   The sound absorption system manufacturing method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein a reflective layer is disposed adjacent to the second back air layer.
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