JP2011529116A - 固体から燃料への変換システム及び方法 - Google Patents
固体から燃料への変換システム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
CHn + H2O―>(n/2 +1) H2 + CO (合成ガス生成)
2n H2 + CO―>-(CH2-)n- + H2O (F-T 反応)
多くの知られた廃棄物から液体燃料へのプロセスは、高圧での直接火炎ガス化を含み、一方で蒸気の存在下で合成ガスを生成するものである。この化学反応は、酸素の添加を含み、次の化学式で表される。
2C +H2O +O2―>CO2 +H2 +CO
上で示すように、炭素の約50%は燃焼されCO2になる。それにより大量のCO2排出を生じる。廃棄物及び固体燃料の直接燃焼の結果として、そのガスは又、窒素酸化物や硫黄酸化物の有害物質の排出を含む。これらの知られた方法の不利益な点のひとつは、結果得られるガスが窒素及びCO2で希釈され、これを直接燃焼させることが困難であるということである。又、結果得られるガスを液体燃料の製造のために清浄化することは非常に費用のかかることである。さらには、固体ガス化は灰を生み出し、捕集、分離及び処理しなければならない。
CO2+H2−>CO +H2O
合成ガス140の中にH2が少量であることは又、合成ガス製造ユニット30での過剰水が欠乏していることを示すことができる。蒸気は、合成ガス製造ユニット30にある固定床反応装置の触媒上の炭素形成抑制を助ける。炭素形成は触媒を最終的に脱活性化させる。固定床反応装置のひとつの実施態様において、少量の溶媒を合成ガス製造ユニット30に導入して、触媒寿命を増加させ、炭素形成による汚染を抑制する。
CH4 +H2O−>CO + 3(H2)
C2H6 +2(H2O)−>2(CO) +5(H2)
このプロセスは、例えば処理ガス130のすべての炭化水素に適用される。
ディーゼル燃料 70%
ガソリン、ジェット燃料及び溶媒 20%
酸化物(CH3OH等) 10%
ひとつの実施態様において、燃料製品160が適切に分離された後は、それらを標準燃料として評価するためにさらなる処理は必要ない。ひとつの実施態様において、燃料製品160は、CO2とH2の反応で生成された結果か、反応中凝縮しなかった蒸気部分からの結果によるか、水をいくらか含むかもしれない。この水は、燃料から分離され、及び燃料はさらに清浄化され使用の前に分離される。水の分離処理は、単純であり、フラッシュ分離処理によるか、蒸留カラムによるか、どちらでもよい。ともに慣用であり、容易に設計及びは位置することが可能である。
Claims (27)
- 固体燃料を燃料に変換するシステムであり、炭化水素を含む熱分解ガスを製造するための熱分解ユニット、前記熱分解ガスを水素と一酸化炭素を含む合成ガスに変換する合成ガス製造ユニット及び前記合成ガスを燃料に変換するための気-液変換ユニットとを含むシステム。
- 前記熱分解ユニットが、連続熱分解ユニットである、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記合成ガス製造ユニットが、スチームリフォーマーを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記気-液変換ユニットが、フィッシャー・トロプシュシステムを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記熱分解ガスから汚染物を除去するために、さらに熱分解ガス清浄化ユニットを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記熱分解ガス清浄化ユニットが、二酸化炭素除去ユニットを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記熱分解ガス清浄化ユニットが、硫化水素除去ユニットを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記合成ガスからの汚染物を除くための合成ガス清浄化ユニットをさらに含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記合成ガス清浄化ユニットが、硫化水素除去ユニットを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- フィード前処理ユニットをさらに含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記連続熱分解ユニットが、低NOx排出バーナーを含む、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記固体燃料が、都市固体廃棄物、都市スラッジ、バイオソリッド、ゴム、プラスチック、石炭、有機廃棄物、無機廃棄物又はそれらの混合物である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記燃料が、液体又は気体である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記液体燃料が、ディーゼル、ガソリン、ジェット燃料、アルコール、メタン又はそれらの混合物である、請求項13に記載のシステム。
- 固体燃料を、燃料に変換する方法であり、固体燃料を低二酸化炭素熱分解ガスに熱分解し、前記低二酸化炭素熱分解ガスを合成ガスにリフォーミングし、及び前記合成ガスを前記燃料に変換する、方法。
- 前記固体燃料が、都市固体廃棄物、都市スラッジ、バイオソリッド、ゴム、プラスチック、石炭、有機廃棄物、無機廃棄物又はそれらの混合物である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記低二酸化炭素熱分解ガスから汚染物を除去することをさらに含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記合成ガスからの汚染物を除去することをさらに含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料が、液体又は気体である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記液体燃料が、ディーゼル、ガソリン、ジェット燃料、アルコール、メタン又はそれらの混合物である、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 固体燃料の熱分解することが、連続的間接火炎熱分解である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記低二酸化炭素熱分解ガスをリフォーミングすることが、スチームリフォーミングを含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記合成ガスを変換することが、フィッシャー・トロプシュ反応を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記汚染物が、H2S、COS、CO2、SO2又はそれらの混合物である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 汚染物を除去することが、前記熱分解ガスを洗浄することを含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 汚染物を除去することが、H2S、COS、CO2、SO2又はそれらの混合物を含む汚染物を洗浄し、回収することを含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- さらに前記固体燃料を前処理することを含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
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US12/178,516 US8845771B2 (en) | 2008-07-23 | 2008-07-23 | System and method for converting solids into fuel |
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RU2011106543A (ru) | 2012-08-27 |
BRPI0916534A2 (pt) | 2015-11-10 |
US20150090939A1 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
CN102159527B (zh) | 2015-06-10 |
EP2318340A1 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
WO2010011432A1 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
SG195590A1 (en) | 2013-12-30 |
US20100018116A1 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
IL210814A (en) | 2015-01-29 |
CA2731752A1 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
EP2318340A4 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
US8845771B2 (en) | 2014-09-30 |
JP5791503B2 (ja) | 2015-10-07 |
IL210814A0 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
MX2011000948A (es) | 2011-08-12 |
IN2009KO00875A (ja) | 2015-08-14 |
AU2009274418B2 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
CN102159527A (zh) | 2011-08-17 |
AU2009274418A1 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
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