JP2011503770A - 液化石油ガスで作動する燃料電池システム - Google Patents
液化石油ガスで作動する燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002453 autothermal reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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- H01M8/0289—Means for holding the electrolyte
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- H01M8/04059—Evaporative processes for the cooling of a fuel cell
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- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04231—Purging of the reactants
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- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
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- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/103—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having nitrogen, e.g. sulfonated polybenzimidazoles [S-PBI], polybenzimidazoles with phosphoric acid, sulfonated polyamides [S-PA] or sulfonated polyphosphazenes [S-PPh]
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- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1046—Mixtures of at least one polymer and at least one additive
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- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
Claims (21)
- 燃料電池システムであって、
高温高分子電解質膜(9)を有する燃料電池(3)と、
液化石油ガス供給部(1)と、
前記液化石油ガス供給部(1)から前記燃料電池(3)のアノード反応チャンバ(7)に液化石油ガスを供給する液化石油ガス供給ライン(1a)と、
を備える燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記液化石油ガスが、プロパンガス、ブタンガス、又はプロパンガスとブタンガスとの混合物であることを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記液化石油ガス供給部(1)と前記燃料電池(3)との間の液化石油ガス供給ラインに、供給される液化石油ガスを脱硫するための脱硫装置(2)が設けられていることを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池(3)が、大気又は酸素が供給されるカソード反応チャンバ(8)を備えることを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記高温高分子電解質膜(9)を150℃〜250℃の温度範囲内で作動可能であることを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記高温高分子電解質膜(9)が、少なくともアノード反応チャンバ(7)を向く側に触媒層(10)を備え、
前記触媒層(10)が、前記液化石油ガスを水素又は水素イオン、及び更なる成分に分解する触媒を有することを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 請求項6に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
水蒸気を付加することにより、前記触媒が、前記液化石油ガスを水素又は水素イオン、及び更なる成分に分解することを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
水を蒸発するための蒸発装置(4)と、
前記蒸発装置(4)から水蒸気を供給するための水蒸気供給ライン(4a)と、
前記アノード反応チャンバ(7)の上流に設けられた混合部(6)と、を備え、
前記水蒸気供給ライン(4a)と前記液化石油ガス供給ライン(1a)とが前記混合部(6)において連結されており、前記蒸発装置(4)からの水蒸気が、前記混合点(6)において前記液化石油ガスと混合されうることを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池(3)を加熱するための補助加熱装置(14)が設けられ、この補助加熱装置(14)が、前記燃料電池(3)とは別の装置であるか、又は前記燃料電池(3)に直接一体化されていることを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池(3)のアノード反応チャンバ(7)から流出するアノード排ガスを、前記アノード反応チャンバ(7)に戻すために前記燃料電池(3)のアノード入力側に、前記蒸発装置(4)に設けられたバーナに、及び/又は、前記補助加熱装置(14)に運搬するためのアノード排ガス帰ライン(12)が設けられていることを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 請求項7〜10のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記蒸発装置(4)のバーナ、及び/又は前記補助加熱装置(14)に、前記液化石油ガス供給部(1)から液化石油ガスが供給されることを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムの車内での使用方法であって、
前記補助加熱装置(14)が、前記車両の内部を加熱するための加熱装置の一体部分であることを特徴とする使用方法。 - 請求項12に記載の燃料電池システムの方法使用であって、
前記加熱装置が液化石油ガスで作動されうることを特徴とする使用方法。 - 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムの使用方法であって、
前記燃料電池システムが、RV車の搭載電力供給システム、又は、分散型エネルギー供給用システムとして用いられることを特徴とする使用方法。 - 燃料電池システムの作動方法であって、
燃料電池(3)が、高温高分子電解質膜燃料電池であり、
前記燃料電池(3)のアノード反応チャンバ(7)に液化石油ガスが送り込まれることを特徴とする作動方法。 - 請求項15に記載の作動方法であって、
前記アノード反応チャンバ(7)に液化石油ガスと水蒸気との混合物が送り込まれることを特徴とする作動方法。 - 高温高分子電解質膜(9)を有する燃料電池システム(3)を起動する起動方法であって、
燃料電池(3)に液化石油ガスを供給するステップと、
前記液化石油ガスを燃料電池(3)のアノード反応チャンバ(7)を通して供給するステップと、
前記液化石油ガス及び/又はアノード反応チャンバ(7)から流出するアノード排ガスを、前記燃料電池(3)、及び/又は当該燃料電池(3)内に設けられた補助加熱装置(14)に、及び/又は蒸発装置(4)に供給するステップと、
液化石油ガス及び/又はアノード排ガスによって、前記補助加熱装置(14)を通して燃料電池(3)を加熱する、及び/又は、水蒸気を生成するために蒸発装置(4)を加熱するステップと、
前記燃料電池(3)に供給される液化石油ガスに水蒸気を供給し、水蒸気と液化石油ガスとを混合するステップと、
水蒸気と液化石油ガスとの混合物を前記アノード反応チャンバ(7)に供給するステップと、
前記燃料電池(3)のカソード反応チャンバ(8)に空気を供給するステップと、
燃料電池(3)を作動させるために電気負荷を加えるステップと、を有する起動方法。 - 高温高分子電解質膜(9)を有する燃料電池システム(3)を起動する起動方法であって、
液化石油ガス供給部(1)からの液化石油ガスを、燃料電池(3)又は当該燃料電池(3)内に設けられた補助加熱装置(14)、及び/又は蒸発装置(4)に供給するステップと、
前記液化石油ガスによって、前記補助加熱装置(14)を通して燃料電池(3)を加熱する、及び/又は、水蒸気を生成するために蒸発装置(4)を加熱するステップと、
前記燃料電池(3)内が特定の温度に達した後、前記液化石油ガス供給部(1)から燃料電池(3)のアノード反応チャンバ(7)に液化石油ガスを供給するステップと、
前記燃料電池(3)に供給される液化石油ガスに水蒸気を供給し、水蒸気と液化石油ガスとを混合するステップと、
アノード反応チャンバ(7)に水蒸気と液化石油ガスとの混合物を供給するステップと、
燃料電池(3)のカソード反応チャンバ(8)に空気を供給するステップと、
燃料電池(3)を作動させるために電気負荷を加えるステップと、を有する起動方法。 - 請求項18に記載の起動方法であって、
前記燃料電池(3)が起動した後に、前記液化石油ガス供給部(1)から補助加熱装置(14)及び/又は蒸発装置(4)への液化石油ガスの直接供給が遮断され、代わりに、前記アノード反応チャンバ(7)から流出するアノード排ガス(12)が補助加熱装置(14)及び/又は蒸発装置(4)に供給されることを特徴とする起動方法。 - 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムを停止する停止方法であって、
前記液化石油ガスの供給を遮断するステップと、
前記燃料電池(3)のアノード反応チャンバ(7)から流出するアノード排ガス(12)を、水蒸気を生成するために蒸発装置(4)へ供給し続けるステップと、
水蒸気をアノード反応チャンバ(7)へ供給するステップと
を有する停止方法。 - 請求項20に記載の方法であって、
前記燃料電池(3)における電気化学的反応が休止する際は常に、ガスを運搬するライン及びアノード反応チャンバ(7)が、空気及び/又は不活性ガスにより洗浄されることを特徴とする停止方法。
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CN107293772B (zh) * | 2016-03-31 | 2019-09-17 | 清华大学 | 燃料电池 |
AU201712794S (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2017-05-23 | Dometic Sweden Ab | Ventilation and air conditioning apparatus |
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