JP2011234599A - Traveling body operation system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve such problems that, in a conventional technology in which an electric traveling body is connected to a distribution network to be charged and discharged, it is difficult to adjust the stability of a distribution network voltage and the deficiency/excess of power since vehicle connection places to the distribution network are distributed at a plurality of optional places, and, in a conventional traveling body operation management technology, it is difficult to achieve a reduction in an environmental load since a primary object in development of the technology is placed on an improvement in convenience of a user.SOLUTION: A plurality of electric traveling bodies having a position detecting function and including a storage battery are made to travel, and a terminal for replacing, storing and charging/discharging the storage battery is arranged at a plurality of places. In a charging/discharging terminal device, not only installation, removal and charging of the storage battery of each traveling body, but also power supply from the storage battery to a distribution network and supervisory control of the quantity and charged state of the storage battery stored in the terminal are performed. The operation of the traveling bodies and the terminals is controlled by a center device. The center device controls and operates the entire system to satisfy the need for the distribution network while maintaining the operation efficiency of the traveling bodies at maximum.

Description

  The present invention monitors and controls charging / discharging of a storage battery connected to a power distribution network, and based on the monitoring control information, formulates an operation schedule of a traveling body using the storage battery as a power source, a detachment schedule of the storage battery, and a charge / discharge schedule of the storage battery. Related to technology.

  In recent years, from the viewpoint of global environmental problems, the spread of power equipment (storage equipment) using storage batteries is expected. For example, an electric vehicle that realizes electric traveling by a storage battery and a motor, an electric plug-in hybrid vehicle that can be used in combination with gasoline traveling, and the like can be given. These power facilities can be expected to contribute to the environment if they are charged by midnight power.

  Connecting the traveling battery with the storage battery as a power source or a part of the power source to the distribution network, charging the storage battery from the distribution network, and supplying electric energy from the storage battery to the distribution network according to the situation, the distribution network voltage A technique (Vehicle to Grid: V2G) used for the purpose of adjusting the stability of power and the excess or deficiency of electric power has been proposed.

  In transportation such as trucks, taxis, and buses, techniques for optimizing operation schedules have been developed. For example, a technique has been proposed in which an operation schedule is distributed to a mobile terminal so that passengers can easily check the schedule.

  In addition, a traveling body operation management device has been developed that uses a communication satellite or an in-vehicle terminal device to search and display the position of a traveling body and external information.

  In the V2G technology described above, the connection points of the traveling body to the distribution network exist in a plurality of arbitrary locations. In addition, it is difficult to predict the connection and disconnection of each storage battery to and from the distribution network, and it is difficult to predict the stability of the distribution network voltage and the excess or deficiency of power.

  In addition, since connection and disconnection of each traveling body to and from the distribution network are performed or managed by a different person for each connection location, the connection and disconnection work is not constant for each connection location. Since a large current flows through the power distribution network, if the work is done incorrectly, the human body will be seriously damaged, and damage to nearby objects and facilities may be considered. Therefore, the conventional V2G technology has a problem in achieving the purpose of adjusting the distribution network voltage stability and the excess or deficiency of power, and also has a safety problem.

  In addition, conventional traveling body operation management technology has been developed mainly for the convenience of users. Therefore, in the prior art, it is difficult to achieve a reduction in environmental load such as minimizing the energy consumption of the power source.

  In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to easily monitor and control charging / discharging of a storage battery connected to a power distribution network, and to plan an operation schedule of a traveling vehicle based on the charging / discharging information. .

The present invention (Claim 1) stores a storage battery, a traveling body using the storage battery as a power source or a part of the power source, an attachment / detachment mechanism for attaching / detaching the storage battery, and a storage battery removed from the traveling body. A charging / discharging terminal device for charging the storage battery and discharging from the storage battery to the power distribution network; and the traveling body and a center device capable of communicating with the charging / discharging terminal device through a communication means. Means for detecting the state of charge of a storage battery that is a part of the power source or the power source, means for detecting position information of the traveling body, and traveling body information for communicating the charging state information of the storage battery and the position information of the traveling body with the center device And the charge / discharge terminal device includes a charge / discharge management device that monitors and controls charge / discharge of the storage battery, and a charge / discharge information communication device that communicates monitoring control information with the center device. Is Means for planning the operation schedule of the traveling body, the storage battery attaching / detaching schedule, and the storage battery charging / discharging schedule; and the means for instructing and managing the traveling body and the storage battery charging / discharging schedule to the traveling body and the charging / discharging terminal device; It is summarized as having.
[Claim 6]
According to the present invention (Claim 2), the center device receives an instruction from an organization managing the distribution network, adjusts the charge level of the storage battery stored in the charge / discharge terminal device, and charges the storage battery from the distribution network. The main point is to have the function of managing and adjusting the discharge from the power supply to the power distribution network.
[Claim 7]
The present invention (Claim 3) has a position transmission device, has a means for holding the operation schedule of the traveling body, has a means for browsing and holding the operation schedule, and requests or reserves a ride on the traveling body One or more portable terminals having means for recognizing the progress status of the travel schedule of the traveling body, and the center device receives the location information, the boarding request, and the reservation status received from the portable terminal. A means for planning an operation schedule, a storage battery attachment / detachment schedule, and a storage battery charge / discharge schedule; and a means for instructing and managing the operation schedule, the storage battery attachment / detachment schedule, and the storage battery charge / discharge schedule to a traveling body and a charge / discharge terminal device. Is the gist.
[Claim 8]
According to the present invention (Claim 4), the storage battery includes at least two types of a relatively small storage battery having a large output density and a relatively large storage battery having a large energy density, and has a large energy density. The gist is that a relatively large storage battery can be taken out and replaced in a short time.

  The gist of the present invention (Claim 5) is that the attachment / detachment mechanism can attach / detach the storage battery within 30 minutes, preferably within 5 minutes.

  The present invention stores a storage battery in a charge / discharge terminal device, and charges the storage battery stored from the distribution network and discharges the stored storage battery to the distribution network centrally through the charge terminal device. In addition, based on the position information of the traveling body, the charging information of the storage battery stored in the traveling body, the monitoring control information of the storage battery stored in the charging terminal device, etc., the traveling schedule of the traveling body that contributes to the reduction of environmental load To plan.

  In the charge / discharge terminal device, charge / discharge of each storage battery is monitored and controlled for each storage battery by the charge / discharge management device.

  According to this method, since the storage battery is connected to a specific charging / discharging terminal device, the connection location of the storage battery is not dispersed, so that charging of each storage battery from the distribution network and discharging to the distribution network is easier than in the prior art. Can manage. Therefore, compared to the prior art, it becomes easier to adjust the distribution network voltage stability and the excess or deficiency of power.

  In addition, since the storage battery is not dispersed over a wide range as compared with the prior art, the storage battery can be handled centrally by a small number of people. For this reason, for example, a skilled worker can handle a storage battery collectively. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the risk of accidents due to erroneous work is reduced.

  The position information of the traveling body, the charging information of the storage battery stored in the traveling body, the monitoring control information of the storage battery stored in the charge / discharge terminal device, etc. are transmitted to the center device.

  Based on these pieces of information, the center device plans an operation schedule for the traveling body that contributes to reducing the environmental load. For example, an operation schedule is planned so that the amount of power charged in the storage battery per day is minimized.

  Therefore, it is possible to devise an operation schedule in consideration of reduction of environmental load in a traveling body using a storage battery as a power source, which could not be realized by the prior art.

  Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “embodiment”) will be described. In the description, the drawings are referred to as appropriate.

  The functional configuration of the traveling body operation system is shown in FIG. A traveling body 0101 that travels using the storage battery 0102 as a power source travels on a fixed route. The charge / discharge terminal device 0103 is installed near the route of the traveling body 0101. A storage battery 0102 is stored in the charge / discharge terminal device 0103, and charging from the power distribution network 0104 and discharging to the power distribution network 0104 are performed. The storage battery 0102 of the traveling body 0101 is replaced using a detachable device and stored in the charge / discharge terminal device. Information detected by the traveling body and the charge / discharge terminal device is transmitted to the center device. Based on the information and the information held by the center device, the center device plans the operation of the traveling body and the operation schedule of the charge / discharge terminal device. The planned schedule is transmitted to the traveling body 0101 and the charge / discharge terminal device 0103. The traveling body and the charge / discharge terminal device operate and operate based on the information transmitted from the center device.

  As a specific example of this embodiment, for example, an electric bus having a GPS function can be considered. That is, a large number of electric buses having a GPS function and having storage batteries are run in the city, the storage batteries are exchanged and stored in various places in the city, and a plurality of charge / discharge terminal devices are arranged as depot terminals for charging / discharging. The depot terminal not only charges and discharges the storage battery, but also monitors and controls the function of exchanging power with the power distribution network and the quantity and charge state of the storage battery stored in the charge / discharge terminal device. The operation of the electric bus and the depot terminal is controlled by a center device as a management center. Information is sequentially notified to the management center from the electric bus and the depot terminal. Based on the notified information, the management center plans when and at which depot terminal the electric bus should be charged. The planned information is notified to each electric bus and depot terminal, and the electric bus and depot terminal operate based on the notified information. The center device manages and operates the entire system so as to satisfy the needs of the power distribution network while maintaining the bus operation efficiency to the maximum.

The center device 0105 may have means for communicating with the public wireless network. FIG. 2 shows a functional configuration of a system in which the center apparatus has means for communicating with the public wireless network. The portable terminal 0203 can transmit information to the center device 0105 via the wireless base station 0202 and the public wireless network 0201. For example, the portable terminal 0108 notifies the center device 0105 of its own location information.
Based on the information notified from the traveling body 0101, the charging / discharging terminal device 0103 and the portable terminal 0203, and the information held by the center device, the center device formulates the operation schedule of the traveling body and the operation schedule of the charging / discharging terminal device 0103. The planned schedule is transmitted to the traveling body 0101, the charge / discharge terminal device 0103, and the portable terminal 0203. The traveling body 0101 and the charge / discharge terminal device 0103 operate and operate based on the information transmitted from the center device 0105.

FIG. 3 shows a functional configuration of the traveling body. The traveling body 0101 has a storage battery 0102 as a power source. In addition to the storage battery, it may have another power source such as an internal combustion engine such as a gasoline engine or a solar power generation device. The storage battery may be a general electric energy storage device such as a fuel cell or a capacitor. Installation / removal from / to the traveling body 0101 is performed by the attachment / detachment device 0304. The attachment / detachment device 0304 may be provided on the traveling body 0101 or may be an apparatus independent of the traveling body 0101. The traveling body 0101 has a position information detection unit 0301 and a charging state detection unit 0302. The position information detection unit 0301 detects, for example, the current position of the traveling body. The charge state detection unit 0302 detects, for example, the charge rate of the storage battery 0102 currently stored. The traveling body information communication unit 0303 communicates information with the center device 0105. For example, information detected by the position information detection unit 0301 and the charging state detection unit 0302 is transmitted from the traveling body information communication unit 0303 to the center device 0105.
It is transmitted to the center device via the traveling body information communication unit 0303 at any time. From the center apparatus 0105 to the traveling body information communication unit 0303, the traveling schedule of the traveling body planned by the center apparatus 0105 is transmitted.

  The information transmitted from the traveling body information communicating unit to the center device 0105 may be information other than the information detected by the position information detecting unit 0301 and the charging state detecting unit 0302. For example, the current position of the traveling body, the charging rate of the mounted storage battery, the travel distance since the storage battery was last replaced, and the like may be used.

  The storage battery stored in the traveling body may be provided with at least two types of a relatively small storage battery having a large output density and a relatively large storage battery having a large energy density. Only a large storage battery may be detachable in a short time. This is because by attaching / detaching only one type of storage battery, the traveling body can travel on its own for a short distance or use an air conditioner even while the storage battery is being attached / detached. Thereby, for example, when the place where the storage battery is removed from the traveling body is different from the place where the storage battery is attached, there is an advantage that the traveling body can move between places. Furthermore, attaching and detaching only the large high energy type contributes to the efficiency of exchange and replenishment of electric energy.

  FIG. 4 shows a functional configuration of the charge / discharge terminal device. A storage battery 0102 removed from the traveling body 0101 is installed in the charge / discharge terminal device 0103. The charging / discharging terminal device 0103 is electrically connected to the power distribution network 0104, charging the storage battery 0102 stored in the charging / discharging terminal device 0103 from the power distribution network 0104, and the storage battery stored in the charging / discharging terminal device 0103. The discharge from 0102 to the power distribution network 0104 is performed. A charge / discharge management device 0401 is installed in the charge / discharge terminal device 0103. The charge / discharge management device 0401 monitors and controls the charge / discharge of the storage battery 0102 stored in the charge / discharge terminal device 0103. For example, the charging rate, charging start time, charging voltage, charging current, and the like of each storage battery are monitored and controlled as necessary. The charge / discharge information communication unit 0402 communicates information with the center device 0105. For example, from the charge / discharge information communication unit 0402 to the center device 0105, information related to monitoring control, the number of currently stored storage batteries, the number of storage batteries that can be additionally stored, the current charging rate of each storage battery, each storage battery The amount of electrical energy supplied from the distribution network, the amount of electrical energy supplied from each storage battery to the distribution network, and the like are transmitted. From the center apparatus 0105 to the charge / discharge information communication unit 0402, an operation schedule of the charge / discharge terminal apparatus planned by the center apparatus 0105 is transmitted.

  FIG. 5 shows a functional configuration of the center apparatus. The center device 0105 includes an information communication unit 0501 and a calculation unit 0502. The information communication unit 0501 communicates with the traveling body 0101 and the charge / discharge terminal device 0103. For example, a request for notification of detected information is made to the traveling body 0101 and the charge / discharge terminal device 0103, and a planned operation schedule is notified to the traveling body 0101 and the charge / discharge terminal device 0103. The calculation unit 0502 formulates an operation schedule of the traveling body 0101 and an operation schedule of the charging / discharging terminal apparatus 0103 based on information notified from the traveling body 0101 and the charging / discharging terminal device 0103 and information held by the center apparatus 0105. For example, it is planned when the traveling body should charge with which charging / discharging terminal device.

  Further, as described above, the center device 0105 may have means for communicating with the public wireless network 0201. The operation schedule of the traveling body 0101 and the operation schedule of the charging / discharging terminal device 0103 may be planned based on information from the mobile terminal 0203 transmitted via the public wireless network 0201 and the wireless base station 0202.

  In this embodiment, it is desirable that the total energy of the storage battery 0102 stored in the charge / discharge terminal device 0103 is always 1 megawatt hour or more. For example, if the average energy capacity of each storage battery is 20 kilowatt hours, it is desirable that 50 or more storage batteries are always stored in the charge / discharge terminal device.

  The charging rate of the storage battery 0102 installed in the charge / discharge terminal device 0103 is not uniform. For example, the charge level of the storage battery that has just been removed from the traveling body is relatively low, and the charge level of the storage battery that has been installed in the charge / discharge terminal device for a certain time or more may be relatively high.

  Accordingly, the average charging rate and the deviation of one or more storage battery groups installed in the charge / discharge terminal device 0103 vary depending on the usage state of the traveling body 0101, the replacement frequency of the storage battery 0102, and the charge / discharge control to the distribution network 0104. Can be in a bad state.

  In order to adjust the stability of the distribution network voltage and the excess or deficiency of power, the battery is actively discharged to the distribution network during the day when the power consumption is relatively high, and at night when the power consumption is relatively low. It is generally necessary to actively charge the storage battery from the distribution network. For this reason, the charging rate of the storage battery 0102 installed in the charge / discharge terminal device 0103 tends to decrease during the daytime, and the charging rate of the storage battery 0102 tends to increase during the night. However, when a large-scale solar cell power generation facility is installed in the distribution network, surplus power may be generated during the day.

  Incidentally, it is generally known that the life of a storage battery depends on the frequency of charge / discharge, the depth of charge / discharge, and the like. In particular, it is known that when the battery is discharged up to the capacity limit, the life of the storage battery is remarkably reduced due to a change in the chemical composition in the storage battery.

  In order to operate the traveling body system stably and for a long period of time, in this embodiment, the charging rate of the storage battery 0102 at the time when the traveling body 0101 is stored in the charging / discharging terminal device 0103 is charged so as not to be below a certain value. It is desirable that the discharge terminal device 0103 performs monitoring control. For example, the operation of the traveling body 0101 is performed so that the charging rate of the storage battery 0102 when it is stored in the charge / discharge terminal device 0103 from the traveling body 0101 is at least 5% or more, preferably 10% or more, more preferably 50% or more. It is desirable to manage and control charging / discharging of the storage battery 0102 stored in the charging / discharging terminal device 0103.

  On the other hand, in order to efficiently absorb the surge current suddenly generated in the distribution network 0104 to the storage battery 0102, the charging / discharging is performed so that the charging rate of the storage battery 0102 installed in the charging / discharging terminal device 0103 does not exceed a certain value. It is desirable to perform monitoring control of the storage battery 0102 by the management device 0203. For example, it is desirable to monitor and control the storage battery so that the charging rate is 95% or less, preferably 90% or less.

The monitoring control as described above is difficult in the prior art in which the connection points of the traveling body to the power distribution network are dispersed in many places, but in the present invention, charging / discharging located on the traveling route of the traveling body The terminal device 0103 can perform monitoring control in an integrated manner.
The number of storage batteries that can be stored in each charge / discharge terminal device is limited. Moreover, when a storage battery concentrates on a certain charging / discharging terminal device, the operation state unpreferable conditions, such as a burden being applied to a part of a power distribution network, may generate | occur | produce.

  It is desirable that the charge / discharge terminal device 0103 and the power management device or power management organization that manages the distribution network 0104 can communicate with each other, and the power management device or power management organization can remotely communicate with the charge / discharge terminal. It is desirable to be able to monitor and control the device 0103. The charge / discharge information communicating unit 0402 may notify the center device of information related to monitoring control by the power management device or the power management organization.

  It is desirable that the center device 0105 can communicate with a power management device or a power management organization that manages the power distribution network 0104. The center device 0105 considers information from the power management device or the power management organization. You may plan the operation schedule of a traveling body, and the operation schedule of a charging / discharging terminal device.

  As described above, the present invention monitors the amount of storage battery (electric amount) required by the traveling body, the optimal charging level of the storage battery, the optimal replacement frequency of the storage battery, etc. while monitoring the excess and deficiency of power in the distribution network, It is possible to operate a traveling vehicle with a focus on reducing environmental impact.

It is a schematic block diagram of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of this invention, and is a schematic block diagram in case a center apparatus has a communication means with a public wireless network. It is a schematic block diagram of a traveling body and an attachment / detachment device. It is a schematic block diagram of a charging / discharging terminal device. It is a schematic block diagram of a center apparatus.

0101 ... traveling body 0102 ... storage battery 0103 ... charge / discharge terminal device 0104 ... distribution network 0105 ... center device 0201 ... public wireless network 0202 ... wireless base station 0203 ... mobile phone Terminal 0301 ... Position information detection unit 0302 ... Charge state detection unit 0303 ... Running body information communication unit 0304 ... Attachment / detachment device 0401 ... Charge / discharge management device 0402 ... Charge / discharge information communication unit 0501 ... Information communication unit 0502 ... Calculation unit

Claims (5)

A storage battery,
A traveling body having a storage battery as a power source or a part of the power source;
An attachment / detachment mechanism for attaching / detaching the storage battery;
A charge / discharge terminal device for storing the storage battery removed from the traveling body, charging from the distribution network to the storage battery, and discharging from the storage battery to the distribution network;
A center device capable of communicating with the traveling body and the charge / discharge terminal device via communication means,
The traveling body includes a power source or means for detecting a charge state of a storage battery that is a part of the power source, a means for detecting position information of the traveling body, a charge state information of the storage battery, and a position information of the traveling body. And vehicle information communication means for communicating with
The charge / discharge terminal device includes a charge / discharge management device that monitors and controls charge / discharge of the storage battery, and charge / discharge information communication means that communicates monitoring control information with the center device,
The center device instructs a traveling body and a charging / discharging terminal device for an operation schedule, a storage battery attaching / detaching schedule, and a storage battery charging / discharging schedule, and a storage battery charging / discharging schedule. And a means for managing the vehicle.   The center device receives an instruction from the organization that manages the distribution network, and controls the charge level of the storage battery stored in the charge / discharge terminal device and manages the charge from the distribution network to the storage battery and the discharge from the storage battery to the distribution network, The traveling body operation system according to claim 1, having a function of adjusting. In the traveling body operation system according to claim 1,
A position transmission device, a means for holding an operation schedule of the traveling body, a means for browsing and maintaining the operation schedule, a function of requesting or making a reservation for boarding the traveling body, It has one or more mobile terminals that have means to recognize the progress of the operation schedule,
The center device includes means for planning a traveling body operation schedule, a storage battery attachment / detachment schedule, and a storage battery charge / discharge schedule based on position information received from a portable terminal, a boarding request, and a reservation status, an operation schedule, a storage battery attachment / detachment schedule, and a storage battery. The vehicle operating system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising means for instructing and managing the charging / discharging schedule to the vehicle and the charge / discharge terminal device.   The storage battery includes at least two types of a relatively small storage battery having a large output density and a relatively large storage battery having a large energy density. The traveling body operation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the traveling body operation system can be removed and replaced.   The traveling body operating system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the attaching / detaching mechanism can attach / detach the storage battery within 30 minutes, preferably within 5 minutes.

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