JP5611256B2 - Battery charge / discharge system and power management system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a battery charge / discharge system for an electric vehicle.

  A next-generation power network system that balances power supply and demand by controlling the flow of power in the power network from both the power supply side and the demand side is called “smart grid” and has attracted attention in recent years. In the smart grid, a secondary battery (battery) is used as a buffer for leveling power demand, and an attempt is made to use, for example, a battery of an electric vehicle as the buffer.

  The battery of the current electric vehicle has a charging capacity of about 15 kWh even if it is a mini passenger car type. This is a capacity that can cover 1 to 2 days of power in a general household. For example, Patent Document 1 below discloses a home power management system (HEMS) that supplies electric power stored in a battery of an electric vehicle to a house. In Patent Literature 1, a HEMS charger / discharger (Charge / Discharge Power Conditioning System (PCS)) performs wireless communication with a battery controller of an electric vehicle while supplying power from a house to the battery of the electric vehicle (battery). Charging) and electric power supply from the electric vehicle to the house (battery discharge). As a result, the electric power demand in the house is leveled and the electric power supply and demand is balanced.

  In addition, attempts have been made to use power stored in electric vehicle batteries in factory power management systems (FEMS) and power management systems (CEMS) in specific regions. It is being made. FEMS is intended to rationalize energy use in a factory based on the energy usage and operating conditions of the production facilities of the factory. CEMS is intended to rationalize energy use in the entire region based on the state of energy use in factories and households existing in a predetermined region.

  An electric vehicle that obtains power by driving a motor with the power of a secondary battery generally has a shorter cruising distance than a conventional gasoline vehicle. As a technique for resolving the user's anxiety about the cruising distance of an electric vehicle, for example, Patent Document 2 devised a system that replaces a secondary battery consumed by traveling with a fully charged secondary battery at a charging facility in various places. Has been. According to this system, long-distance movement by an electric vehicle is possible without requiring time for charging a secondary battery. The system of Patent Document 2 can comprehensively manage the position information (GPS (Global Positioning System) information) of the electric vehicle and the remaining amount of the secondary battery through the Internet line, and the user of the electric vehicle can replace the secondary battery. It is configured to guide the charging facility.

Japanese Patent No. 3985390 JP 2006-331405 A

  In the power management system disclosed in Patent Document 1, the charger / discharger (charge / discharge PCS) constantly monitors whether or not the electric vehicle exists at a position where the battery is charged / discharged by wireless communication, and is charged / discharged. There may be a problem that standby power of the electric appliance increases. If the user manually starts the charger / discharger after connecting the electric vehicle to the charger / discharger, it is possible to avoid the problem of standby power of the charger / discharger. However, in order to discharge the electric vehicle (electric power supply from the electric vehicle to the house), it is necessary to perform various pre-treatments such as initialization of the charger / discharger, leakage check, and grid connection prior to that. There is. Therefore, even if the electric vehicle is connected to the charger / discharger, the discharge cannot be started immediately, and it is not possible to contribute to the leveling of power demand at an early stage.

  On the other hand, Patent Document 2 discloses a system that comprehensively manages the position information of an electric vehicle and the remaining amount of the battery through an Internet line. The system manages the supply (replacement) of the battery of the electric vehicle. It is not intended to equalize power demand. In general, batteries of electric vehicles are expensive and have different shapes and capacities depending on the vehicle type. Therefore, it is not easy to construct a system for exchanging the battery itself as in Patent Document 2 using a large-scale power management system such as FEMS or CEMS.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and while reducing standby power of the charge / discharge PCS, the electric vehicle is connected to the charge / discharge PCS and immediately contributes to leveling of power demand. It is an object of the present invention to provide a battery charging / discharging system that can be used.

The battery charge / discharge system according to the present invention includes an electric vehicle equipped with a battery, a charge / discharge PCS (Power Conditioning System) for charging / discharging the battery, a power management system for controlling the operation of the charge / discharge PCS, A management device capable of communicating with the electric vehicle and the electric power management system, and managing position information of the electric vehicle, wherein the electric power management system has the schedule for connection from the management device to the charge / discharge PCS. acquiring position information of the vehicle, the charging and discharging before said electric vehicle with a schedule to be connected arrives at the charging and discharging PCS to PCS, the electric vehicle is the charging and discharging PCS with the schedule to be connected to the charging and discharging PCS The charge / discharge PCS is activated when it is detected that it is within a predetermined range from is there.

  According to the battery charge / discharge system according to the present invention, since the charge / discharge PCS is started when the electric vehicle approaches the predetermined range from the charge / discharge PCS, wasteful standby power can be reduced. In addition, since the charge / discharge PCS is activated before the electric vehicle actually arrives at the charge / discharge PCS, it is possible to secure time for performing the pre-processing necessary for discharging the battery. Therefore, immediately after the electric vehicle is connected to the charge / discharge PCS, the battery can be discharged to contribute to the leveling of power demand.

It is a block diagram which shows the whole structure of the battery charging / discharging system which concerns on this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the comprehensive management apparatus which belongs to the battery charging / discharging system which concerns on Embodiment 1, an electric power management system, charging / discharging PCS, and an electric vehicle. 3 is a flowchart showing an operation of the power management system according to the first embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the comprehensive management apparatus which belongs to the battery charging / discharging system which concerns on Embodiment 2, an electric power management system, charging / discharging PCS, and an electric vehicle. 6 is a flowchart showing an operation of the power management system according to the second embodiment.

<Embodiment 1>
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a battery charge / discharge system 1 according to the present invention. The battery charge / discharge system 1 is a smart grid power network in which each of the plurality of power management systems 11 performs a power demand leveling process by managing charging / discharging of the plurality of electric vehicles 2 (electric vehicles).

  The electric vehicle 2 is information such as the position information (vehicle position information) of the own vehicle obtained by receiving radio waves from the GPS satellite 3, the remaining battery level related to the battery 13 included in the own vehicle, and the remaining battery charge range. (Hereinafter referred to as “battery information”). The electric vehicle 2 further includes an information providing device 7 that transmits the acquired vehicle position information and battery information to the general management device 6 via the base station 5 and the Internet 8. The information providing apparatus 7 may be of any specification as long as it can be connected to the Internet 8 by wireless communication via the base station 5. The electric vehicle 2 is not limited to a motor driven by battery power alone, and may be a plug-in hybrid vehicle using a motor and a gasoline engine in combination.

  The battery charge / discharge system 1 also includes a user terminal 10 that can be used by a user of the electric vehicle 2. Using the user terminal 10, the user can use the Internet 8 to monitor the usage schedule of the electric vehicle 2, the usage schedule of the charge / discharge PCS 12 (charge schedule of the battery 13), the desired remaining battery level at the next departure, and the like through the Internet 8. 6 can be transmitted. In the present embodiment, the user terminal 10 will be described as a user's mobile device. However, the user terminal 10 may be a communication means built in, for example, the front panel of the electric vehicle 2 or the HEMS at the user's home.

  The power management system 11 creates a charge / discharge plan for leveling power demand from load demand in factories or regions and generated power such as solar power generation. In the present embodiment, a large-scale system such as FEMS or CEMS is assumed as the power management system 11, but a small-scale system such as HEMS may be included.

  Although the details will be described later, the power management system 11 can create a charge / discharge plan using the battery 13 of the electric vehicle 2 belonging to the battery charge / discharge system 1 as a buffer for leveling the power demand, and the electric power management system 11 can generate electricity according to the charge / discharge plan. The charging / discharging PCS 12 for charging / discharging the battery 13 of the automobile 2 is controlled. In addition, the power management system 11 manages information such as its own power management information (current power supply / demand status, future charge / discharge plans, etc.) and availability of the charge / discharge PCS 12 under its management. Those pieces of information managed by the power management system 11 are transmitted to the comprehensive management apparatus 6 through the Internet 8.

  The comprehensive management device 6 receives the vehicle position information and battery information received from the electric vehicle 2, the usage schedule of the electric vehicle 2 and the usage schedule of the charge / discharge PCS 12 received from the user terminal 10, and the power received from the power management system 11. Management information and charge / discharge PCS 12 availability are stored and managed in a management database (DB) 9. Furthermore, the integrated management device 6 determines the time when the electric vehicle 2 arrives at a predetermined charge / discharge PCS 12 based on the current position and use schedule of the electric vehicle 2, the use schedule of the charge / discharge PCS 12, traffic congestion information on the surrounding roads, etc. ) Can also be calculated.

  The comprehensive management device 6 also controls a plurality of power management systems 11 belonging to the battery charge / discharge system 1 based on information stored in the management database 9. Information for guiding the electric vehicle 2 to the charge / discharge PCS 12 is transmitted to the user terminal 10 based on the remaining amount of the battery 13 of the electric vehicle 2 and the power management information of the power management system 11.

  The user connects the electric vehicle 2 to the charge / discharge PCS 12 guided through the user terminal 10 and charges / discharges the battery 13 of the electric vehicle 2 under the control of the power management system 11.

  When the electric vehicle 2 is connected to the charge / discharge PCS 12, the power management system 11 charges the battery 13 so that the remaining amount of the battery 13 is equal to or greater than the desired remaining battery amount designated by the user by the next departure. . However, when other power demand increases while the battery 13 is being charged, the battery 13 is discharged in order to level the power demand. Thus, when the power demand is leveled using the battery 13 as a buffer, the peak power is lowered, so that the contract electricity charge can be reduced.

  When the electric vehicle 2 contributes to leveling the power demand of the power management system 11, the power management system 11 notifies the general management device 6 of information indicating that. When the general management device 6 detects that the electric vehicle 2 has contributed to power leveling, the general management device 6 provides the user of the electric vehicle 2 with services such as cashback and fee discount according to the degree of contribution. In this way, when a part of the profits from power demand leveling is returned to users, users will actively contribute to leveling power demands, further leveling power demand. Be able to. The billing management such as cashback and fee discount may be performed by installing a server (billing management server) separate from the total management device 6.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a more specific configuration of the power management system 11 and the charge / discharge PCS 12 managed by the general management apparatus 6 and the electric vehicle 2 connected thereto. The figure shows a state where the electric vehicle 2 is connected to the charge / discharge PCS 12.

  Although not shown in FIG. 1, the electric vehicle 2 includes a battery controller 14 that controls the charge / discharge state of the battery 13. The battery controller 14 can also acquire various types of information (battery information) regarding the battery 13, and the information providing device 7 acquires battery information through the battery controller 14.

  The charge / discharge PCS 12 includes an interface 15, a charge / discharge controller 16, and a converter 17. The interface 15 includes a display unit that displays information to the user and an input unit that receives an operation from the user. The charge / discharge controller 16 controls the charge / discharge operation for the battery 13 of the electric vehicle 2 connected to the charge / discharge PCS 12. The converter 17 converts the AC power of the power system 18 into DC power according to the specifications of the battery 13 when charging the battery 13, and conversely, converts the DC power of the battery 13 according to the specifications of the power system 18 when discharging the battery 13. It is to convert to AC power.

  In addition, the power management system 11 calculates a DC power supply 19 that supplies power necessary for the operation of the interface 15 of the charge / discharge PCS 12 and the charge / discharge controller 16, and a charge / discharge command value used for operation control of the charge / discharge controller 16. A command value calculation unit 20 is provided. The charge / discharge command value is obtained, for example, as a deviation between the output target of the power generation facility and the actual output value (or its predicted value).

  FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power management system 11 in the battery charge / discharge system 1 according to the present embodiment. Hereinafter, the operation of the power management system 11 of the present embodiment will be described based on the flowchart shown in FIG. 3 with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG.

  First, the power management system 11 acquires various data (vehicle data) related to the electric vehicle 2 from the comprehensive management device 6 (step S101). As the vehicle data of the electric vehicle 2 acquired by the power management system 11, the position information and usage schedule of the electric vehicle 2, the remaining amount of the battery 13 and the remaining battery charge range (battery information), the use of the charge / discharge PCS 12 are used. The schedule, the estimated arrival time at the charge / discharge PCS 12, the desired remaining battery level at the next departure, and the like are included, but at least the position information of the electric vehicle 2 is included.

  Next, the power management system 11 determines the arrival schedule of the electric vehicle 2 to the charge / discharge PCS 12, the remaining amount of the battery 13, the load demand in the factory or the region managed by the power management system 11, and the generated power such as solar power generation. Then, a charge / discharge plan for leveling the power demand is made, and a charge / discharge command value according to the plan is calculated (step S102).

  Next, the power management system 11 checks whether there is a schedule for connecting the electric vehicle 2 to the charge / discharge PCS 12 under its control within a predetermined period in the future (step S103).

  When there is a schedule to which the electric vehicle 2 is connected, the position information of the electric vehicle 2 scheduled to be connected is searched to confirm whether or not the electric vehicle 2 exists within a predetermined distance from the charge / discharge PCS 12 (step S104). ).

  If the electric vehicle 2 to be connected is present within a predetermined distance from the charge / discharge PCS 12, the power management system 11 turns on the DC power source 19 (step S105). Thereby, electric power is supplied to the interface 15 and the charge / discharge controller 16 of the charge / discharge PCS 12, and the charge / discharge PCS 12 is activated. Note that if the DC power source 19 is already in an on state and the charge / discharge PCS 12 is operating at the time of shifting to step S105, the power management system 11 continues that state.

  Further, the power management system 11 checks whether or not the electric vehicle 2 scheduled to be connected is already connected to the power management system 11 (step S106). If it is confirmed that the electric vehicle 2 is connected, a charge / discharge control command is transmitted to the charge / discharge controller 16 of the charge / discharge PCS 12 (step S107), and the process returns to step S101. The charging / discharging controller 16 that has received the charging / discharging control command performs charging / discharging of the battery 13 of the electric vehicle 2 in accordance with the charging / discharging control command within a range in which a desired remaining battery level can be secured by the next departure of the electric vehicle 2.

  On the other hand, when there is no schedule for connecting the electric vehicle 2 to the charge / discharge PCS 12 (No in step S103), and even if there is a schedule for the electric vehicle 2 to connect to the charge / discharge PCS 12, the electric vehicle 2 is connected to the charge / discharge PCS 12 If it is not located nearby (No in step S104), the power management system 11 turns off the DC power source 19 (step S108) and returns to step S101.

  In this way, the power management system 11 turns off the DC power source 19 to charge / discharge when there is no plan to use the charge / discharge PCS 12 or when the electric vehicle 2 scheduled to be connected to the charge / discharge PCS 12 is located far away. The power is not supplied to the PCS 12 and the charge / discharge PCS 12 is not started. Thereby, the standby power of the charge / discharge PCS 12 can be suppressed.

  In addition, when the electric vehicle 2 scheduled to be connected to the charge / discharge PCS 12 approaches within a predetermined distance from the charge / discharge PCS 12, the power management system 11 turns on the DC power source 19 to the interface 15 and the charge / discharge controller 16 of the charge / discharge PCS. Supply power. That is, before the electric vehicle 2 is connected to the charge / discharge PCS 12, the charge / discharge PCS 12 is activated. Therefore, it is possible to secure a period for performing pre-processing such as initialization processing of the charge / discharge PCS 12, leakage check, and grid connection before the electric vehicle 2 is actually connected to the charge / discharge PCS 12. Therefore, immediately after the electric vehicle 2 is connected to the charge / discharge PCS 12, the battery 13 can be discharged to contribute to power leveling.

  Moreover, since the battery charging / discharging system 1 of this Embodiment is a system which charges / discharges the battery 13 instead of replacing | exchanging the battery 13, it is large-scale things, such as FEMS and CEMS, as the power management system 11 Even when using, it is easy to construct.

  In the flow of FIG. 3, the DC power source 19 is turned on when the electric vehicle 2 approaches within a predetermined distance from the charge / discharge PCS 12, but the expected time and current time when the electric vehicle 2 arrives at the charge / discharge PCS 12. Alternatively, the DC power supply 19 may be turned on when the difference between the two becomes a predetermined time or less. When the estimated arrival time of the electric vehicle 2 is used, for example, even when the arrival of the electric vehicle 2 is delayed due to traffic congestion or the like, the charge / discharge PCS 12 can be activated at an optimal timing. In particular, if the predetermined time is set to a value equal to or longer than the time required for the pre-processing of the charge / discharge PCS 12, the battery 13 is discharged immediately after the electric vehicle 2 is connected to the charge / discharge PCS 12 to achieve power leveling. Can contribute.

  Moreover, in this Embodiment, although the integrated management apparatus 6 calculated the estimated time when the electric vehicle 2 arrives at charging / discharging PCS12, and the power management system 11 acquired it, the power management system 11 self-reported. It is good also as a structure to calculate.

<Embodiment 2>
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of the integrated management device 6, the power management system 11, the charge / discharge PCS 12 and the electric vehicle 2 belonging to the battery charge / discharge system 1 according to the second embodiment, and is a diagram shown in the first embodiment. Corresponds to 2. In addition, the whole structure of the battery charging / discharging system 1 is the same as that of FIG.

  In the present embodiment, a DC power source 19a that supplies power to the interface 15 and the charge / discharge controller 16 of the charge / discharge PCS 12 is incorporated in the charge / discharge PCS 12 itself, not the power management system 11. Further, the charge / discharge PCS 12 is provided with a switch 22 for switching whether or not to supply power necessary for the operation to the DC power source 19a. On the other hand, the power management system 11 is provided with a power supply controller 21 capable of controlling the switch 22 in the charge / discharge PCS 12.

  FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power management system 11 in the battery charge / discharge system 1 according to the present embodiment. As can be seen by comparing FIG. 5 and FIG. 3, the operation of the power management system 11 of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, so only the differences will be described here. In FIG. 5, steps in which operations similar to those shown in FIG. 3 are performed are denoted by the same reference numerals.

  In the first embodiment, the DC included in the power management system 11 includes switching whether to supply power to the interface 15 and the charging / discharging controller 16 of the charging / discharging PCS 12 (that is, switching whether to activate the charging / discharging PCS 12). This was done by turning the power supply 19 on / off. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the switching is performed by the power supply controller 21 of the power management system 11 controlling the switch 22 in the charge / discharge PCS 12.

  That is, in the second embodiment, when there is a schedule for connecting the electric vehicle 2 to the charge / discharge PCS 12 and the electric vehicle 2 to be connected is located near the charge / discharge PCS 12 (Yes in step S104), In step S <b> 105 of FIG. 5, the power management system 11 turns on the switch 22 using the power supply controller 21. As a result, the DC power source 19 starts operating, and the charge / discharge PCS 12 is activated.

  When there is no schedule for connecting the electric vehicle 2 to the charge / discharge PCS 12 (No in step S103), and even if there is a schedule for the electric vehicle 2 to connect to the charge / discharge PCS 12, the electric vehicle 2 is connected to the charge / discharge PCS 12 If it is not located nearby (No in step S104), the power management system 11 turns off the switch 22 using the power supply controller 21 in step S108 of FIG. Thereby, the operation of the DC power source 19a is stopped, and the operation of the charge / discharge PCS 12 is also terminated.

  Since the operations of the power management system 11 other than steps S105 and S108 described above are the same as those in the first embodiment, description thereof will be omitted.

  When the power management system 11 performs large-scale power management such as in a factory or a region, one power management system 11 controls a large number of charge / discharge PCSs 12 arranged at remote locations. In that case, in the configuration of the first embodiment, the power management system 11 needs to include a large-scale DC power source 19. In addition, it is necessary to use a relatively expensive power line for connection between the power management system 11 and the charge / discharge PCS 12.

  On the other hand, when the DC power supply 19a is mounted on the charge / discharge PCS 12 as in the second embodiment, the power management system 11 does not need to have a large-scale DC power supply. This makes it easy to realize the system and leads to cost reduction of system construction. Further, the connection between the power management system 11 (power supply controller 21) and the power supply controller 21 (switch 22) can be constructed with a signal line that is cheaper than the power supply line, which can contribute to cost reduction.

  Also in the present embodiment, when the charging / discharging PCS 12 is not scheduled to be used or when the electric vehicle 2 scheduled to be connected to the charging / discharging PCS 12 is located far away, power is not supplied to the charging / discharging PCS 12. Thereby, the standby power of the charge / discharge PCS 12 can be suppressed.

  Further, when the electric vehicle 2 scheduled to be connected to the charge / discharge PCS 12 approaches the charge / discharge PCS 12, power is supplied to the interface 15 and the charge / discharge controller 16 of the charge / discharge PCS, so the electric vehicle 2 is connected to the charge / discharge PCS 12. By this time, it is possible to secure a period for performing pre-processing such as initialization processing of the charge / discharge PCS 12, leakage check, and grid interconnection. Therefore, immediately after the electric vehicle 2 is connected to the charge / discharge PCS 12, the battery 13 can be discharged to contribute to power leveling.

  Also in this embodiment, the switch 22 may be turned on when the difference between the expected time when the electric vehicle 2 arrives at the charge / discharge PCS 12 and the current time is equal to or less than a predetermined time. When the estimated arrival time of the electric vehicle 2 is used, for example, even when the arrival of the electric vehicle 2 is delayed due to traffic congestion or the like, the charge / discharge PCS 12 can be activated at an optimal timing. In particular, if the predetermined time is set to a value equal to or longer than the time required for the pre-processing of the charge / discharge PCS 12, the battery 13 is discharged immediately after the electric vehicle 2 is connected to the charge / discharge PCS 12 to achieve power leveling. Can contribute.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Battery charging / discharging system, 2 Electric vehicle, 3 GPS satellite, 5 Base station, 6 General management apparatus, 7 Information provision apparatus, 8 Internet, 9 Management database, 10 User terminal, 11 Power management system, 12 Charging / discharging PCS, 13 battery, 14 battery controller, 15 interface, 16 charge / discharge controller, 17 converter, 18 power system, 19, 19a DC power supply, 20 command value calculation unit, 21 power supply controller, 22 switch.

Claims (12)

An electric vehicle equipped with a battery;
Charging / discharging PCS (Power Conditioning System) for charging and discharging the battery;
A power management system for controlling the operation of the charge / discharge PCS;
A communication device capable of communicating with the electric vehicle and the power management system, and managing position information of the electric vehicle;
The power management system acquires position information of the electric vehicle scheduled to be connected to the charge / discharge PCS from the management device, and the electric vehicle scheduled to be connected to the charge / discharge PCS arrives at the charge / discharge PCS. The battery charging / discharging system, wherein the charging / discharging PCS is activated when it is detected that the electric vehicle scheduled to be connected to the charging / discharging PCS is within a predetermined range from the charging / discharging PCS. The battery charge / discharge system according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined range is a range within a certain distance from the charge / discharge PCS. 2. The battery charging according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined range is a range in which a difference between an expected time at which the electric vehicle scheduled to be connected to the charge / discharge PCS arrives at the charge / discharge PCS and a current time is equal to or less than a predetermined time. Discharge system. The battery charging / discharging system according to claim 3, wherein the predetermined time is equal to or longer than a time required for pre-processing necessary for the charge / discharge PCS to discharge the battery. The power management system
A power supply for operating the charge / discharge PCS;
The activation of the charge / discharge PCS is as follows:
The battery charge / discharge system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is performed by the power management system supplying an output of the power source to the charge / discharge PCS. The charge / discharge PCS is
A power supply for operating the charge / discharge PCS;
A switch for switching on / off the power source,
The power management system
A power controller for controlling the switch;
The activation of the charge / discharge PCS is as follows:
The battery charging / discharging system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the power management system is performed by controlling the switch using the power controller and turning on the power. A power management system that controls a charge / discharge PCS (Power Conditioning System) that charges and discharges a battery of an electric vehicle,
And means for acquiring position information of the electric vehicle with a schedule to be connected to the charging and discharging PCS, before the electric vehicle with a schedule to be connected to the charging and discharging PCS arrives at the charging and discharging PCS, the charge A power management system, wherein the charge / discharge PCS is activated when it is detected that the electric vehicle scheduled to be connected to the discharge PCS is within a predetermined range from the charge / discharge PCS. The power management system according to claim 7, wherein the predetermined range is a range within a certain distance from the charge / discharge PCS. The power management according to claim 7, wherein the predetermined range is a range in which a difference between an expected time at which the electric vehicle scheduled to be connected to the charge / discharge PCS arrives at the charge / discharge PCS and a current time is equal to or less than a predetermined time. system. The power management system according to claim 9, wherein the predetermined time is equal to or longer than a time required for pre-processing necessary for the charge / discharge PCS to discharge the battery. A power supply for operating the charge / discharge PCS;
The power management system according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the charge / discharge PCS is started by supplying an output of the power source to the charge / discharge PCS. A power controller for controlling on / off of the power of the charge / discharge PCS;
The power management system according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the charge / discharge PCS is started by turning on the power using the power controller.

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