JP2011220971A - Device and method for measuring outer diameter of component - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device and a method for measuring an outer diameter of a component which allow the measurement by an easy calculation and an simple apparatus.SOLUTION: There are provided a body section 1a extending in a first direction; an arm 1 having end portions 1b, 1c which are respectively at both end of a body portion 1a and which respectively extend in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction; positioning jigs 2 which are respectively provided on end surfaces of the end portions 1b, 1c and which is shaped in a ball or cylinder for contacting on a surface of a component; and a gauge 3 which is disposed on the body portion 1a and which is for measuring a distance to the component whose surface was contacted by the positioning jigs 2.

Description

  Embodiments described herein relate generally to an outer diameter measuring device and an outer diameter measuring method for parts, particularly large-diameter shaft parts.

  When measuring the outer diameter, in the case of a small-diameter shaft object part, it can be easily obtained by measuring a part of the arc using a commercially available measuring device.

  Patent Document 1 described below discloses a cylindrical object size measuring apparatus. This apparatus includes three contact-type distance meters, holding means for holding each of these contact-type distance meters, and moving each of the holding means to place each contact of the contact-type distance meter on the outer surface of the cylindrical object. It is provided with the moving means to contact | abut.

JP 2004-45206 A

  However, when a commercially available dimension measuring instrument is used, there is a problem that measurement accuracy is low because a mechanism for accurately positioning is not provided. For this reason, a commercially available size measuring instrument is not suitable for measuring the outer diameter of precision-machined large-diameter shaft parts such as a steam turbine rotor shaft and a generator shaft.

  In the dimension measuring apparatus described in Patent Document 1, at least three or more measuring elements are required. From the distance data to the outer surface of the cylindrical object measured by each measuring element and the relative position data, the outside of the cylindrical object is measured. The outer diameter is calculated by obtaining the surface position data, and there are a plurality of measurement data, which complicates the calculation.

  In addition, when this device is used for measurements to check the amount of driving after roughing on large lathes, measurements for checking dimensions after finishing, etc., a contact-type distance meter drive mechanism, an arithmetic calculation microcomputer Such a device is necessary, and a contact-type distance meter has to be installed above the object to be measured, which has been an obstacle to machining.

  Furthermore, since the contact-type distance meter and the holder for holding the contact-type distance meter are separate, it is difficult to position the measuring object of the contact-type distance meter in the axial direction and its vertical direction, and it is difficult to measure with high accuracy. . In addition, maintenance for maintaining the position in the axial direction and its vertical direction is also difficult.

  The present invention has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and provides an outer diameter measuring apparatus and an outer diameter measuring method for a part capable of measuring the outer diameter of a part with a simple calculation and apparatus with high accuracy. With the goal.

  According to the present embodiment, the main body portion extending in the first direction, the arm having the end portions extending in the second direction orthogonal to the first direction at both ends of the main body portion, A positioning jig provided on the end surface of each end and having a spherical or cylindrical shape for contacting the surface of the component, and a distance to the component disposed on the main body and the surface contacting the positioning jig A device for measuring the outer diameter of a component is provided.

The front view which shows the structure of the outer diameter measuring apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the variable used in the outer diameter measuring method by the same Embodiment 1. FIG. The front view and longitudinal cross-sectional view which show the structure of the positioning jig of the outer diameter measuring apparatus by Embodiment 2 of this invention. The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the structure of the positioning jig of the outer diameter measuring apparatus by Embodiment 3 of this invention. The perspective view which shows the structure of the outer diameter measuring apparatus by Embodiment 4 of this invention. The perspective view which shows the structure of the positioning jig of the outer diameter measuring apparatus by Embodiment 5 of this invention. Explanatory drawing for demonstrating the procedure at the time of installing the outer diameter measuring apparatus by the same Embodiment 5 on the surface of a large diameter shaft article component. The perspective view which shows the structure of the outer diameter measuring apparatus by Embodiment 6 of this invention. The front view which shows the structure of the outer diameter measuring apparatus by Embodiment 8 of this invention. The perspective view which expands partially and shows the structure of the outer diameter measuring apparatus by the same Embodiment 8. FIG.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(1) Embodiment 1
An outer diameter measuring apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention and an outer diameter measuring method using this apparatus will be described with reference to FIG.

  This outer diameter measuring device has a U-shaped arm having a main body portion 1a extending in a first direction and end portions 1a, 1b extending in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. 1 has a spherical or cylindrical positioning jig 2 at both ends, and a linear gauge 3 at the center. The main body 1a of the arm 1 is provided with a handle 4 for clamping the outer diameter measuring device.

  First, using the handle 4 of the outer diameter measuring device, for example, the outer diameter measuring device is installed on a movable part such as a tool post of a large lathe machine, and the reference plate 5 is precisely machined and the horizontal plane is secured with high accuracy. It fixes in the state which the positioning jig 2 contacted on the surface.

  A block gauge 6 whose height dimension is ensured with high accuracy is placed on the surface of the reference plate 5, and the tip of the contact of the linear gauge 3 is brought into contact with the surface of the block gauge 6. In this state, the reading value of the linear gauge 3 is reset to zero. After completing the reset operation of the linear gauge 3, the reference plate 5 is removed.

  The surface of the large-diameter shaft article component 8 is pressed in a vertical direction against the positioning jigs 2 at both ends of the outer diameter measuring device. In this state, the numerical value of the linear gauge 3 is read.

  A calculation method for obtaining the measured outer diameter of the large-diameter shaft object part 8 using the reading value of the linear gauge 3 will be described with reference to FIG.

The distance between the positioning jigs 2 provided at both ends of the arm 1 is L, the reading value of the linear gauge is A, the height of the block gauge 6 used for resetting the linear gauge is G, a spherical or cylindrical positioning jig. When the radius of the tool 2 is R and the radius of the large-diameter shaft part 8 to be obtained is X, the following equation (1) is established.
(X + R) ² = (L / 2) ² + (X− (A + G−R)) ² (1)
When equation (1) is solved for X, equation (2) is obtained.
^{X = (L 2/8)} * (A + G) + ((A + G) -2R) / 2 (2)
From this equation (2), the radius X of the large-diameter shaft object part 8 can be obtained.

  As described above, according to the first embodiment, measurement is performed using the outer diameter measuring device having a simple configuration, and the outer diameter dimension can be easily and accurately obtained by performing simple calculation. Is possible.

(2) Embodiment 2
An outer diameter measuring apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  In the outer diameter measuring apparatus according to the second embodiment, the positioning jig 2 in the outer diameter measuring apparatus according to the first embodiment has a longitudinal section along the line AA in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (a). As shown in FIG. 3B, there is a feature in that it is a cylindrical positioning jig 2 a having nozzle openings 7 for blowing air at two positions on both ends. Here, the air supplied to the nozzle port 7 is generated by an air compressor (not shown).

  When the outer diameter measuring device is brought into contact with the surface of the large-diameter shaft object part 8 using such a positioning jig 2a, the pressure of the air blown out from the nozzle ports 7 in a total of four positions of the positioning jig 2a is measured using a pressure gauge. taking measurement. Then, the outer diameter measuring device is controlled to rotate in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the large-diameter shaft part 8 so that the pressure difference between the four nozzle ports 7 becomes a predetermined value or less. In this way, the outer diameter measuring device can be accurately installed in the direction perpendicular to the rotating shaft so that the pressure differences at the four locations are equal, and therefore the outer diameter of the large-diameter object part 8 is measured with high accuracy. It becomes possible.

(3) Embodiment 3
An outer diameter measuring apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  The outer diameter measuring apparatus according to the third embodiment is characterized in that a ball plunger having a spring-type cylinder as shown in FIG. 4A is used as the positioning jig 2b.

  This positioning jig 2b has a cylinder shape similar to a normal ball plunger, is provided with a fixing screw 14 on the outer peripheral surface, and a hexagonal hole 13 for rotation at an end portion to be fixed to the outer diameter measuring device. Is provided, and a ball 11 is provided at the other end in contact with the large-diameter shaft article component 8. The ball 11 is held by a spring 12, and when no pressure is applied, the ball 11 protrudes from the tip as shown in FIG. 4 (a). When pressure is applied in the direction indicated by the arrow, the cylinder is housed in the cylinder.

  By using such a ball plunger as the positioning jig 2b, the outer diameter measuring device can be accurately installed in the direction perpendicular to the rotating shaft of the large-diameter shaft object part 8, and the outer diameter dimension is measured with high accuracy. be able to. According to the third embodiment, unlike the positioning jig 2 in the second embodiment, a device for supplying air is unnecessary, and therefore, it is possible to easily measure with a simpler structure.

(4) Embodiment 4
An outer diameter measuring apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  The outer diameter measuring apparatus according to the fourth embodiment has a configuration as shown in FIG. The positioning jigs 2c1 and 2c2 have a columnar shape, and one of the positioning jigs 2c1 is provided with a magnet plate 21. The magnet plate 21 is brought into contact with the end face of the large-diameter shaft part 8 and is attracted by a magnetic force to perform rough positioning, and the positioning is performed more precisely by another positioning jig 2c2. Thus, by performing the positioning operation in two stages, the A-axis that is the rotation axis of the large-diameter object component 8 and the B-axis in the longitudinal direction of the main body portion 1a of the arm 1 of the outer diameter measuring device are accurately orthogonal to each other. As described above, an outer diameter measuring device can be set on the surface of the large-diameter shaft article component 8, and measurement can be performed with high accuracy.

(5) Embodiment 5
An outer diameter measuring apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  In the outer diameter measuring apparatus according to the fifth embodiment, the positioning jig has the shape shown in FIG. One positioning jig 2d1 has convex portions 31 and 32 at both ends by notching the central portion of the cylindrical shape. The other positioning jig 2d2 has a convex portion 33 at the center portion by cutting out both ends of the cylindrical shape.

  By using such positioning jigs 2 d 1 and 2 d 2, the outer diameter measuring device can be installed on the surface of the large-diameter shaft object part 8 with three-point support. As shown in FIG. 7, the B axis in the longitudinal direction of the main body portion 1 a of the arm 1 of the outer diameter measuring device is installed on the surface of the large-diameter object component 8 perpendicular to the A axis of the rotating shaft. After the convex portion 33 of the positioning shaft 2d2 is installed at an arbitrary position 34, the convex portions 31 and 32 of the other positioning shaft 2d1 are installed, but the angles θ1 and θ2 are respectively set from the positions where the A axis and the B axis are orthogonal to each other. There is a possibility of shifting.

  However, when the A axis and the B axis are not exactly orthogonal to each other and there is a deviation, one of the three convex portions 31 to 33 is in a floating state without contacting the surface. Therefore, by installing so that all the convex parts 31 to 33 are in contact with each other, the rotation axis A axis of the large-diameter object part 8 and the B axis in the longitudinal direction of the main body part 1a of the arm 1 of the outer diameter measuring device are accurate. It can install so that it may orthogonally cross.

(6) Embodiment 6
An outer diameter measuring apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  Two spherical positioning jigs 2e1 and 2e2 are provided at one end 1b of the arm 1, and one spherical positioning jig 2e3 is provided at the other end 1c. Here, the spherical positioning jigs 2e1 to 2e3 are provided so as to be rotatable with respect to the arm 1, respectively.

  With these three positioning jigs 2e1, 2e2, and 2e3, the outer diameter measuring device can be installed on the surface of the large-diameter shaft object part 8 with three-point support. Thereby, it can install so that the A axis | shaft of the rotating shaft of the large-diameter shaft object component 8 and the B axis | shaft of the longitudinal direction of an outer diameter measuring apparatus may orthogonally cross correctly.

  That is, as described with reference to FIG. 7 in the fifth embodiment, after positioning one positioning jig 2e3 at an arbitrary position 34, the positioning jig 2e3 is used as a fulcrum that can be rotated to another positioning shaft. Although 2e1 and 2e2 are installed, there is a possibility that the angles A1 and θ2 may deviate from the position where the A axis and the B axis intersect at right angles.

  However, when the A axis and the B axis are not exactly orthogonal to each other and there is a deviation, one of the three convex portions 31 to 33 is in a floating state without contacting the surface. Therefore, by installing so that all the convex parts 31-33 may contact, the A axis of the rotating shaft of the large-diameter object part 8 and the B axis in the longitudinal direction of the main body part 1a of the arm 1 of the outer diameter measuring device are It can be installed so that it is exactly orthogonal.

  Moreover, in the said Embodiment 5, since support of 3 points | pieces is performed by the convex part formed by notching cylindrical shape, it becomes a line contact. On the other hand, in the sixth embodiment, since the support at the three points is performed by the spherical positioning jig, the point contact is made, so that the outer diameter measuring device can be accurately installed without generating a gap.

  Further, since the positioning jigs 2e1 to 2e3 are rotatable, the contact of the linear gauge 3 is moved up and down when it is installed on the surface of the large-diameter shaft part 8, and the read value changes. When the distance from the linear gauge 3 to the surface of the large-diameter object part 8 is minimum and the contact point is at the highest point and the reading is maximum, the A-axis and outer diameter measuring device of the rotation axis of the large-diameter object part 8 This is when the B axis in the longitudinal direction is exactly perpendicular to the B axis. Therefore, by using the peak hold function of the linear gauge 3 that holds the read value when it becomes the maximum, positioning can be performed accurately and measurement can be performed with high accuracy.

(7) Embodiment 7
An outer diameter measuring apparatus according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the first to sixth embodiments, the linear gauge 3 is used. In the seventh embodiment, in addition to the structures of the first to sixth embodiments, a non-contact type distance measuring tool such as a laser displacement meter that measures the distance by irradiating laser light instead of the linear gauge 3 is provided. The point of use is different. As a result, measurement can be performed in a non-contact manner with respect to the large-diameter shaft part 8, so that there is no measurement error caused by a difference in contact force of the contact of the measuring tool to the large-diameter shaft part 8 by the measurer. Can be measured.

(8) Embodiment 8
An outer diameter measuring apparatus according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  The outer diameter measuring apparatus according to the seventh embodiment has a structure in which the arm 1 is divided into four as shown in FIG. That is, it has main body portions 1a1 and 1a2 as main body portions, and has end portions 1b1 and 1b2 and end portions 1c1 and 1c2 as end portions. The length in the X direction can be expanded and contracted by changing the fixing position of the main body 1a1 and the main body 1a2 along the direction indicated by the arrow X. Similarly, the length in the Y direction can be expanded and contracted by changing the fixing positions of the end portions 1b1 and 1b2 and the end portions 1c1 and 1c2 along the direction indicated by the arrow Y.

  As an example of the expansion and contraction mechanism, as shown in FIG. 10, the main body 1a1 has a fixing hole 41 for fixing between the main body 1a2 and the main body 1a2 is fixed to the main body 1a1. A fixing hole 42 is provided. Similarly, the end 1b1 has a fixing hole 43 for fixing to the end 1b2, and the end 1b2 has a fixing hole 44 for fixing to the end 1b1. Similarly, a fixing hole is provided between the end 1c1 and the end 1c2 (not shown).

  And it fixes by inserting the pin etc. which are not illustrated in the state which matched the position of the mutual fixing hole so that desired length might be implement | achieved.

  According to the seventh embodiment, since the length of the main body portion and the end portion of the arm 1 can be expanded and contracted, the outer diameter can be measured in a wide range with respect to the diameter of the large-diameter shaft component 8. .

  The above-described embodiments are merely examples and do not limit the present invention, and various modifications can be made within the technical scope of the present invention.

1 Arm 1a, 1a1, 1a2 Body portion 1b, 1b1, 1b2, 1c, 1c1, 1c2 End portion 2, 2b, 2d1, 2d2, 2e1-2e3 Positioning jig 3 Linear gauge 4 Handle 5 Reference plate 6 Block gauge 7 Nozzle port 8 Large-diameter shaft parts 21 Magnet plate

Claims (10)

An outer diameter measuring device for measuring the outer diameter of a component,
A main body portion extending in a first direction, and an arm having ends extending in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction at both ends of the main body portion,
A positioning jig provided on each end face of the end portion and having a spherical or cylindrical shape for contacting the surface of the component;
A gauge for measuring the distance to the component that is disposed in the main body portion and the surface of the positioning jig is in contact with;
A device for measuring the outer diameter of a part, comprising:   2. The component outer diameter measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the positioning jig has at least two nozzle openings for blowing air from the surface of the sphere or the cylindrical shape.   2. The apparatus for measuring an outer diameter of a component according to claim 1, wherein the positioning jig is a ball plunger in which a ball is provided at a tip of a spring type cylinder.   2. The component outer diameter measuring device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the positioning jigs is provided with a magnet plate that can be attracted to an end face of the component.   The positioning jig has the cylindrical shape, one of which has convex portions at both ends, and the other of the positioning jig has a convex portion at the center. The apparatus for measuring an outer diameter of a component according to any one of claims 1 to 4.   Two positioning jigs having a sphere shape are provided on one end surface of the arm, and one positioning jig having a sphere shape is provided on the other end surface of the arm. The part outer diameter measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the part outer diameter measuring apparatus is provided at a location.   The component outer diameter measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the gauge is a linear gauge or a laser displacement meter.   The main body portion of the arm has a mechanism that expands and contracts along the first direction, and each of the end portions of the arm has a mechanism that expands and contracts along the second direction. The external diameter measuring apparatus for parts according to any one of 1 to 7. An outer diameter measuring method for measuring an outer diameter of a component using the outer diameter measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
Using the gauge, resetting the distance from the predetermined position to the gauge to be zero; and
Contacting each of the positioning jigs provided at the end of the arm on the surface of the component;
The step of obtaining data indicating the distance from the predetermined position to the surface of the component necessary for obtaining the outer diameter of the component by the linear gauge;
A method for measuring the outer diameter of a part, comprising: An outer diameter measuring method for measuring an outer diameter of a part using the outer diameter measuring device according to claim 2,
In the step of bringing the positioning jigs provided at both ends of the arm into contact with the surface of the component, a pressure difference when air is blown from the nozzle ports of the positioning jig is a predetermined value or less. The rotation adjustment is performed so that the angle between the axis parallel to the first direction in which the main body portion of the arm extends and the axis parallel to the rotation axis of the component is vertical. The method of measuring an outer diameter of a part according to claim 9.

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