JP2011208365A - Artificial shoal or tidal flat - Google Patents
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本発明は、沿岸域の環境改善を目的に造成される人工浅場または干潟に関するものである。 The present invention relates to an artificial shallow field or tidal flat constructed for the purpose of improving the environment in a coastal area.
水質環境改善などを目的として、浅場や干潟の造成が行われている。従来、浅場や干潟の造成は、砕石を用いて沖合に土留め潜堤を設置した後、その岸側（陸側）に中詰材として浚渫土を設置し、その表層に天然砂を覆砂するような工法が採られている（例えば、非特許文献１）。 For the purpose of improving the water quality environment, shallow areas and tidal flats are being created. Conventionally, shallow ground and tidal flats have been constructed by using a crushed stone to install an earth retaining submarine offshore, and then installing dredged soil as a filling material on the shore side (land side) and covering the surface with natural sand. Such a construction method is employed (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
浚渫土は多量に水分を含んだ軟弱土であるため、中詰材として浚渫土を用い、その表層に天然砂などを覆砂すると、その覆砂材が浚渫土の中に沈み込んでしまう。このような覆砂材の沈み込みを抑えるために、中詰材（浚渫土）と覆砂材の間にシート（ジオテキスタイル）を施工しても、覆砂材の荷重により中詰材が圧密沈下を起こし、造成部分の天端高が低くなる。潮の干満差で生じる干潟は、造成部分の天端高が低くなると、干潟面積が減少するため、機能維持のための補修（覆砂材の再施工）が必要となる。また、台風などの異常時の場合、表層の覆砂材が流出すると、中詰材である浚渫土が表面に現れる。浚渫土は粒子が小さく、波や流れの作用で簡単に流出するため、周辺海域の環境悪化（水質悪化、濁りなど）を引き起こすおそれがある。 Since dredged soil is soft soil containing a large amount of water, when dredged soil is used as a filling material and natural sand is covered on the surface layer, the sand-clad material sinks into the dredged soil. In order to suppress the sinking of the sand-capping material, even if a sheet (geotextile) is installed between the filling material (clay) and the sand-capping material, the filling material settles down due to the load of the sand-capping material. The top height of the created part is lowered. Tidal flats caused by tidal fluctuations require a repair (re-construction of sand-capping material) to maintain the function because the tidal flat area decreases when the height of the top of the tidal flat decreases. In the case of an abnormality such as a typhoon, when the sand covering material on the surface layer flows out, the dredged material that is a filling material appears on the surface. Dredged soil is small in size and easily flows out by the action of waves and currents, which may cause environmental degradation (water quality, turbidity, etc.) in the surrounding sea area.
したがって本発明の目的は、上述した従来技術の課題を解決し、覆砂材の沈み込み、中詰材の圧密沈下、異常時における中詰材の流出などが生じにくい人工浅場または干潟を提供することにある。 Therefore, the object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and to provide an artificial shallow field or tidal flat that is unlikely to cause sinking of the sand covering material, consolidation settlement of the filling material, and outflow of the filling material in the event of an abnormality. There is.
本発明者らは、浚渫土と適量の遊離ＣａＯを含有する鉄鋼スラグとの混合材料が中詰材に極めて好適であり、これを中詰材として人工浅場または干潟を造成することにより、上記課題を解決できることを見出した。
本発明はこのような知見に基づきなされたもので、以下を要旨とするものである。
［1］中詰材が、浚渫土と遊離ＣａＯ含有量が０．５質量％以上の鉄鋼スラグとの混合材料からなることを特徴とする人工浅場または干潟。
［2］上記［1］の人工浅場または干潟において、混合材料中の鉄鋼スラグの混合率が１０実容積％以上であることを特徴とする人工浅場または干潟。
The inventors of the present invention have a mixed material of dredged clay and steel slag containing an appropriate amount of free CaO, which is very suitable for filling material. By using this as filling material, an artificial shallow field or tidal flat is created. It was found that can be solved.
The present invention has been made on the basis of such findings and has the following gist.
[1] An artificial shallow field or tidal flat characterized in that the filling material is made of a mixed material of clay and steel slag having a free CaO content of 0.5 mass% or more.
[2] The artificial shallow field or tidal flat according to [1] above, wherein the mixing ratio of steel slag in the mixed material is 10 actual volume% or more.
本発明の人工浅場または干潟は、浚渫土と適量の遊離ＣａＯを含有する鉄鋼スラグとの混合材料からなる中詰材が適度に固結して強度を発現するため、覆砂材の沈み込み、中詰材の圧密沈下、異常時における中詰材の流出などが適切に防止され、長期間に亘って適正な状態に維持される。 In the artificial shallow field or tidal flat of the present invention, since the filling material composed of a mixed material of dredged soil and steel slag containing an appropriate amount of free CaO is appropriately consolidated and expresses strength, the sand covering material sinks, Consolidation sinking of the filling material and outflow of the filling material in the event of an abnormality are appropriately prevented and maintained in an appropriate state for a long period of time.
図１は、本発明の人工浅場または干潟の一実施形態の縦断面を模式的に示すものであり、１は法留め潜堤、２はその岸側（陸側）に設置される中詰材、３はこの中詰材２の上に敷設される覆砂材（例えば天然砂）である。
本発明では、中詰材２として、浚渫土と遊離ＣａＯ含有量が０．５質量％以上の鉄鋼スラグとの混合材料が用いられる。この混合材料は、浚渫土中のＳｉ、Ａｌ成分と鉄鋼スラグ中のＣａ成分とのポゾラン反応により適度に固結し、強度を発現する。これにより中詰材が所定の強度で自立できるため、覆砂材の中詰材への沈み込み、中詰材の圧密沈下、異常時における中詰材の流出などが適切に防止できる。また、同様の理由で、（i）浅場や干潟形状を任意に選択できるので、造成区域に制約がある場合でも、必要な天端高さや勾配を持つ干潟面を広い面積で確保できる、（ii）中詰材の形状や高さの自由度が大きいので、棚田状の干潟や、干潟と浅場の組み合わせなど、自然に近い干潟断面の形成が容易である、（iii）波浪制御構造を兼用することができる、（iv）生物生息環境などの多様な機能を付加することができる、などの利点がある。また、場合によっては、法留め潜堤の省略による施工コストの低減も図ることができる。
FIG. 1 schematically shows a longitudinal section of an embodiment of an artificial shallow field or tidal flat according to the present invention, where 1 is a lawn submerged dike and 2 is a filling material installed on the shore side (land side). Reference numeral 3 denotes a sand-capping material (for example, natural sand) laid on the filling material 2.
In the present invention, a mixed material of clay and steel slag having a free CaO content of 0.5 mass% or more is used as the filling material 2. This mixed material is appropriately consolidated by the pozzolanic reaction between the Si and Al components in the clay and the Ca component in the steel slag, and develops strength. As a result, since the filling material can be self-supporting with a predetermined strength, it is possible to appropriately prevent sinking of the sand covering material into the filling material, consolidation settlement of the filling material, and outflow of the filling material in the event of an abnormality. In addition, for the same reason, (i) the shallow ground and the tidal flat shape can be selected arbitrarily, so even if there are restrictions on the construction area, the tidal flat surface with the necessary top height and slope can be secured in a wide area (ii ) Since the degree of freedom of the shape and height of the filling material is large, it is easy to form a tidal flat section close to nature, such as a terraced tidal flat or a combination of tidal flats and shallow fields. (Iii) Combined with a wave control structure There are advantages such as (iv) being able to add various functions such as biological habitats. In some cases, it is possible to reduce the construction cost by omitting the legal submarine.
浚渫土に混合する鉄鋼スラグ（鉄鋼製造プロセスで発生するスラグ）としては、高炉スラグ、製鋼スラグ、鉱石還元スラグなどがある。高炉スラグには、高炉徐冷スラグ、高炉水砕スラグがある。また、製鋼スラグとしては、溶銑予備処理、転炉吹錬、鋳造などの工程で発生する製鋼系スラグ（例えば、脱炭スラグ、脱燐スラグ、脱硫スラグ、脱珪スラグ、造塊スラグなど）、電気炉スラグなどが挙げられる。この中でも、遊離ＣａＯ含有量の観点から製鋼系スラグが好ましい。 Examples of steel slag mixed with dredged soil (slag generated in the steel manufacturing process) include blast furnace slag, steelmaking slag, ore reduction slag, and the like. Blast furnace slag includes blast furnace slow cooling slag and blast furnace granulated slag. In addition, as steelmaking slag, steelmaking slag generated in hot metal pretreatment, converter blowing, casting and other processes (for example, decarburized slag, dephosphorized slag, desulfurized slag, desiliconized slag, ingot slag, etc.), Examples include electric furnace slag. Among these, steelmaking slag is preferable from the viewpoint of free CaO content.
また、鉄鋼スラグの遊離ＣａＯ含有量が０．５質量％未満では、上述したようなポゾラン反応が十分に生じないため、中詰材として必要な強度を発現できない。但し、遊離ＣａＯ含有量が１５質量％を超えるとアルカリ溶出量が多くなるため、遊離ＣａＯ含有量は１５質量％以下が好ましい。
鉄鋼スラグの粒度は特に制限はないが、粒径の小さい方が粒子表面積が大きくなるため、ポゾラン反応に適している。
Further, when the free CaO content of the steel slag is less than 0.5% by mass, the above-described pozzolanic reaction does not occur sufficiently, so that the strength necessary for the filling material cannot be expressed. However, when the free CaO content exceeds 15% by mass, the alkali elution amount increases, and therefore the free CaO content is preferably 15% by mass or less.
The particle size of the steel slag is not particularly limited, but the smaller the particle size, the larger the particle surface area, so it is suitable for the pozzolanic reaction.
また、海水のｐＨ上昇、施工性、材料分離（浚渫土の含水比が高い場合）を考慮して、浚渫土に鉄鋼スラグを混合した際の混合材料の流動性を最適化することが好ましく、具体的には混合材料のフロー値を８．５〜２３．０ｃｍ程度とすることが好ましい。浚渫土と鉄鋼スラグの混合材料の流動性が不十分であると、スラグの表面を浚渫土が安定的に包むことができず、海水のｐＨ上昇を招きやすい。一方、流動性が高すぎると浚渫土と鉄鋼スラグが分離してしまうおそれがある。フロー値の測定は、ＪＨＳ−Ａ−３１３（日本道路公団規格）の「シリンダーフロー試験」に準拠して行う。浚渫土と鉄鋼スラグの混合材料のフロー値は、浚渫土の含水率、浚渫土と鉄鋼スラグの混合割合などで調整することができる。 In addition, considering the pH increase of seawater, workability, and material separation (when the moisture content of the clay is high), it is preferable to optimize the fluidity of the mixed material when steel slag is mixed with the clay, Specifically, the flow value of the mixed material is preferably about 8.5 to 23.0 cm. If the fluidity of the mixed material of the clay and the steel slag is insufficient, the clay cannot stably wrap the surface of the slag, and the pH of seawater tends to increase. On the other hand, if the fluidity is too high, the clay and the steel slag may be separated. The flow value is measured according to “Cylinder Flow Test” of JHS-A-313 (Japan Highway Public Corporation Standard). The flow value of the mixed material of the clay and the steel slag can be adjusted by the moisture content of the clay and the mixing ratio of the clay and the steel slag.
また、混合材料中での鉄鋼スラグの混合率は、１０実容積％以上が好ましい。鉄鋼スラグの混合率が１０実容積％未満では、鉄鋼スラグの配合による中詰材の強度発現が不十分となるおそれがある。但し、鉄鋼スラグの混合率が５０実容積％を超えると、浚渫土の割合が少なくなるので、ポゾラン反応が十分に生じない可能性がある。
なお、鉄鋼スラグの混合率は上述の通り、鉄鋼スラグの実容積の鉄鋼スラグと浚渫土の実容積合計に対する割合である。ここで、鉄鋼スラグの実容積は、ＪＩＳ−Ａ−１１０９：２００６またはＪＩＳ−Ａ−１１１０：２００６で規定される試験方法により求めた表乾密度を鉄鋼スラグの密度として、配合する鉄鋼スラグの質量から求める。また、浚渫土の実容積はＪＩＳ−Ａ−１２２５：２００９に規定される湿潤密度試験方法により求めた湿潤密度を浚渫土の密度として、配合する浚渫土の質量から求める。
Moreover, as for the mixing rate of the steel slag in mixed material, 10 actual volume% or more is preferable. If the mixing rate of the steel slag is less than 10 actual volume%, the strength expression of the filling material due to the mixing of the steel slag may be insufficient. However, when the mixing ratio of steel slag exceeds 50 actual volume%, the ratio of clay is reduced, and thus the pozzolanic reaction may not be sufficiently generated.
In addition, the mixing rate of steel slag is a ratio with respect to the total volume of steel slag and the actual volume of clay as described above. Here, the actual volume of the steel slag is the mass of the steel slag to be blended with the surface dry density obtained by the test method defined in JIS-A-1109: 2006 or JIS-A-1110: 2006 as the density of the steel slag. Ask from. The actual volume of the clay is determined from the mass of the clay to be blended, with the wet density determined by the wet density test method specified in JIS-A-1225: 2009 as the density of the clay.
本発明の人工浅場または干潟について、浚渫土と鉄鋼スラグの混合材料からなる中詰材を施工する方法は任意であるが、通常の施工工事では、施工場所付近で採取された浚渫土に対して、必要な強度を満足するように鉄鋼スラグを添加・混合し、これを現場に施工する。 For the artificial shallow ground or tidal flat of the present invention, the method of constructing the filling material composed of the mixed material of dredged soil and steel slag is arbitrary, but in normal construction work, for the dredged soil collected near the construction site Then, steel slag is added and mixed to satisfy the required strength, and this is applied to the site.
浚渫土と鉄鋼スラグとの混合材料からなる中詰材の必要強度については、下記条件での圧密沈下防止を考えた場合、一軸圧縮強さ９０ｋＮ／ｍ２以上を満足すればよいと考えられる。
・中詰材の施工厚さ：５ｍ
・中詰材の単位体積重量：１８ｋＮ／ｍ３
・中詰材の必要強度：［中詰材の単位体積重量］×［中詰材の施工厚さ］＝１８（ｋＮ／ｍ３）×５（ｍ）＝９０（ｋＮ／ｍ２）
Regarding the required strength of the filling material made of the mixed material of the clay and the steel slag, it is considered that the uniaxial compressive strength of 90 kN / m 2 or more should be satisfied when considering the consolidation settlement prevention under the following conditions.
-Construction thickness of filling material: 5m
-Unit volume weight of filling material: 18 kN / m 3
Required strength of filling material: [unit volume weight of filling material] × [construction thickness of filling material] = 18 (kN / m 3 ) × 5 (m) = 90 (kN / m 2 )
浚渫土（三河湾で採取）に製鋼スラグ（転炉スラグ、粒度５ｍｍ以下）を混合し、この混合材料の一軸圧縮強さを測定した。一軸圧縮強さの測定は、ＪＩＳ−Ａ−１２１６（一軸圧縮試験）に準拠して行う。その結果を、鉄鋼スラグの混合率、鉄鋼スラグの遊離ＣａＯ含有率および混合材料のフロー値とともに表１に示す。
表１によれば、浚渫土に製鋼スラグを１０実容積％以上混合した混合材料からなる中詰材は、一軸圧縮強さ９０ｋＮ／ｍ２以上を満足している。
Steelmaking slag (converter slag, particle size of 5 mm or less) was mixed with dredged soil (collected in Mikawa Bay), and the uniaxial compressive strength of this mixed material was measured. The uniaxial compression strength is measured according to JIS-A-1216 (uniaxial compression test). The results are shown in Table 1 together with the mixing ratio of steel slag, the free CaO content of steel slag, and the flow value of the mixed material.
According to Table 1, the filling material made of a mixed material obtained by mixing steelmaking slag with the clay at 10 actual volume% or more satisfies the uniaxial compressive strength of 90 kN / m 2 or more.
１ 法留め潜堤
２ 中詰材
３ 覆砂材
1 Suspended dike 2 Filling material 3 Sand cover material
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2013245461A (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2013-12-09 | Penta Ocean Construction Co Ltd | Steel-making slag mixing method for soft soil |
| JP2016191296A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2016-11-10 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Artificial shoal or dry beach |
| JP2016191295A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2016-11-10 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Artificial shoal or dry beach |
| JP2017141543A (en) * | 2016-02-08 | 2017-08-17 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Artificial shallow ground or tideland |
| CN108395169A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-08-14 | 山东大学 | It is a kind of for the concrete of slope protection block and the preparation method of slope protection block |
| CN113026663A (en) * | 2021-02-28 | 2021-06-25 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Multi-class combined type ecological hydraulic system and construction method thereof |
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| JP2005133309A (en) * | 2003-10-28 | 2005-05-26 | Nippon Steel Corp | Waters environmental recovery material for tidal marsh and shallow place |
| JP2005320230A (en) * | 2004-04-09 | 2005-11-17 | Nippon Steel Corp | Environmental preservation material for water area and its using method |
| JP2006214085A (en) * | 2005-02-01 | 2006-08-17 | Jfe Steel Kk | Method for developing shallows and the like |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2005133309A (en) * | 2003-10-28 | 2005-05-26 | Nippon Steel Corp | Waters environmental recovery material for tidal marsh and shallow place |
| JP2005320230A (en) * | 2004-04-09 | 2005-11-17 | Nippon Steel Corp | Environmental preservation material for water area and its using method |
| JP2006214085A (en) * | 2005-02-01 | 2006-08-17 | Jfe Steel Kk | Method for developing shallows and the like |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013245461A (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2013-12-09 | Penta Ocean Construction Co Ltd | Steel-making slag mixing method for soft soil |
| JP2016191296A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2016-11-10 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Artificial shoal or dry beach |
| JP2016191295A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2016-11-10 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Artificial shoal or dry beach |
| JP2017193961A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2017-10-26 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Artificial shoal or tidal flat |
| JP2017141543A (en) * | 2016-02-08 | 2017-08-17 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Artificial shallow ground or tideland |
| CN108395169A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-08-14 | 山东大学 | It is a kind of for the concrete of slope protection block and the preparation method of slope protection block |
| CN113026663A (en) * | 2021-02-28 | 2021-06-25 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Multi-class combined type ecological hydraulic system and construction method thereof |
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| JP5400680B2 (en) | 2014-01-29 |
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