JP2011206197A - Blood purifier - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent occurrence of clotting and blockage of blood in a blood circuit caused by a pressure sensor.SOLUTION: A hemodiafiltration-dialysis device 1 has a dialyzer 10, the blood circuit 11, and a pump 30. The blood circuit 11 has a first flow path 31 connected to the pump 30 from a blood-collecting side end 11a, a second flow path 32 connected to the dialyzer 10 from the pump 30, and a third flow path 33 connected to the dialyzer 10 from a blood-returning side end 11b. The first flow path 31, the second flow path 32, and the third flow path 33 are connected with branched flow paths 40, 60, 80 respectively, and the branched flow paths 40, 60, 80 respectively have pressure sensors 52, 72, 92 for detecting the pressure of the flow paths 31, 32, 33.

Description

  The present invention relates to a blood purification apparatus for purifying blood.

  For example, a hemodialysis apparatus usually has a blood circuit that sends blood collected from a patient to a dialyzer and returns the blood from the dialyzer to the patient. A pump is provided on the upstream side of the dialyzer in the blood circuit, and blood is circulated by the pump.

  The blood circuit is provided with a pressure sensor. For example, on the upstream side of the pump of the blood circuit, a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of the collected blood and monitoring the pressure fluctuation of the blood is provided. A pressure sensor is provided between the pump of the blood circuit and the dialyzer to detect clogging of the dialyzer by detecting the blood pressure immediately before the dialyzer. A pressure sensor that detects the pressure of the returned blood is provided downstream of the dialyzer of the blood circuit (see Patent Documents 1 and 2). For example, many non-contact types of blood circuit pressure sensors in which blood does not directly contact the atmosphere or the pressure detection unit are used (see Patent Documents 3 and 4).

JP 2007-283019 A JP 2007-236924 A JP 2007-282996 A JP 2008-51663 A

  However, a part of the pressure sensor of the blood circuit has a different structure from the other part which is a simple tube, and blood flowability is poor. If the blood flowability deteriorates, the blood tends to coagulate. If the blood coagulates, the coagulated substance may block the flow path and the blood may not flow properly. In that case, for example, it is necessary to stop the dialysis treatment and replace the tube of the blood circuit or the pressure sensor.

  In particular, in a hemodialysis apparatus that performs continuous dialysis, dialysis is performed over a long period of about one week, so that blood coagulation and flow path clogging are likely to occur, and a solution to this problem is desired.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and its object is to provide a blood purification apparatus such as a hemodialysis apparatus that can suppress the occurrence of coagulation or clogging of blood in a blood circuit caused by a pressure sensor. To do.

  The present invention for achieving the above object is a blood purification apparatus for purifying blood, comprising blood purifier and blood that has been supplied to the blood purifier from a blood collection side end and has passed through the blood purifier A blood circuit for returning the blood to the blood return side end, and a pump provided between the blood collection side end of the blood circuit and the blood purifier, for pumping blood, and the blood circuit A first flow path connected to the pump from a side end, a second flow path connected from the pump to the blood purifier, and a blood flow purifier connected from the blood return side end A branch channel is connected to at least one of the first channel, the second channel, and the third channel, and the branch channel is connected to the third channel. Is provided with a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of the flow path branched from the branch flow path.

  According to the present invention, a branch channel is connected to the channel of the blood circuit, and a pressure sensor is provided in the branch channel, so that blood coagulation in the blood circuit caused by the pressure sensor and clogging caused thereby can be prevented. Can be suppressed.

  A branch channel may be connected to the first channel, and the branch channel may be capable of supplying a blood anticoagulant to the first channel.

  A branch channel may be connected to the first channel, and the branch channel may be capable of supplying a replacement fluid to the first channel.

  A branch channel may be connected to the second channel, and the branch channel may be capable of supplying a replacement fluid to the second channel.

  A branch channel may be connected to the third channel, and the branch channel may be capable of supplying a replacement fluid to the third channel.

  A drip chamber may not be provided in the third flow path, and a drip chamber may be provided in the branch flow path of the third flow path.

  The blood purification apparatus according to any one of the above may be a continuous blood filtration dialysis apparatus.

  According to the present invention, coagulation of blood in the blood circuit caused by the pressure sensor and clogging caused by the blood circuit can be suppressed, and the purification process can be performed continuously for a long time.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline of a structure of the blood filtration dialysis apparatus. It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline of a structure of the blood filtration dialysis apparatus at the time of providing a drip chamber in the 3rd branch flow path.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of the configuration of a blood filtration dialysis apparatus 1 as a blood purification apparatus according to the present embodiment.

 The hemofiltration dialysis apparatus 1 is, for example, a continuous hemodialysis apparatus. As shown in FIG. 1, the hemofiltration dialysis apparatus 1 supplies, for example, a dialyzer 10 as a blood purifier and blood to the dialyzer 10 from a blood collection side end portion 11a, and returns blood that has passed through the dialyzer 10 to the blood return side The blood circuit 11 returns to the end portion 11b, and the dialysate circuit 12 supplies the dialysate 10 as a purification solution to the dialyzer 10 and discharges the dialysate that has passed through the dialyzer 10.

  The dialyzer 10 is, for example, a hollow fiber module including a hollow fiber membrane 20. Blood is passed through the primary side 10 a of the membrane 20, dialysate is passed through the secondary side 10 b, and unnecessary blood substances on the primary side 10 a are removed. The blood can be dialyzed through the membrane 20 into the dialysate on the secondary side 10b.

  The blood circuit 11 includes a pump 30 for pumping blood, a first flow path 31 connected to the pump 30 from the blood collection side end portion 11a, and a second flow path 32 connected to the dialyzer 10 from the pump 30. The third flow path 33 is connected to the dialyzer 10 from the blood return side end portion 11b. The 1st flow path 31, the 2nd flow path 32, and the 3rd flow path 33 are comprised, for example by the tube.

  A first branch channel 40 that branches from the branch part A of the channel 31 is connected to the first channel 31. The first branch flow path 40 is constituted by, for example, a tube. The first branch channel 40 communicates with, for example, an anticoagulant supply source 50. A pump 51 is provided in the first branch channel 40, and the anticoagulant of blood from the anticoagulant supply source 50 can be supplied to the first channel 31 by driving the pump 51.

  A first pressure sensor 52 is provided between the pump 51 and the branch part A of the first branch channel 40. There is no pressure fluctuation between the first pressure sensor 52 and the branch part A, and the first pressure sensor 52 can detect the pressure of blood in the first flow path 31. As the first pressure sensor 52, for example, a non-contact type sensor that can detect the pressure of the liquid without the liquid contacting the outside air is used.

  A second branch channel 60 that branches from the branch part B of the channel 32 is connected to the second channel 32. The second branch flow path 60 is constituted by, for example, a tube. The second branch channel 60 communicates with, for example, a replacement fluid supply source 70. A pump 71 is provided in the second branch channel 60, and the replacement fluid from the replacement fluid supply source 70 can be supplied to the second channel 32 by driving the pump 71.

  A second pressure sensor 72 is provided between the pump 71 and the branch part B of the second branch flow path 60. There is no pressure fluctuation between the second pressure sensor 72 and the branch portion B, and the pressure of blood in the second flow path 32 can be detected by the second pressure sensor 72. As the second pressure sensor 72, for example, a non-contact type sensor that can detect the pressure of the liquid without the liquid contacting the outside air is used.

  A third branch channel 80 that branches from the branch part C of the channel 33 is connected to the third channel 33. The third branch flow path 80 is constituted by, for example, a tube. The third branch flow path 80 communicates with the replacement fluid supply source 90, for example. A pump 91 is provided in the third branch flow path 80, and the replacement fluid from the replacement fluid supply source 90 can be supplied to the third flow path 33 by driving the pump 91.

  A third pressure sensor 92 is provided between the pump 91 and the branch portion C of the third branch flow path 80. There is no pressure fluctuation between the third pressure sensor 92 and the branch part C, and the pressure of blood in the third flow path 33 can be detected by the third pressure sensor 92. As the third pressure sensor 92, for example, a non-contact type that can detect the pressure of the liquid without the liquid contacting the outside air is used.

  A drip chamber 100 is provided on the downstream side of the branch portion C of the third flow path 33. A clamp 101 is provided between the drip chamber 100 of the third flow path 33 and the blood return side end portion 11b.

  In the dialysate circuit 12, the dialysate supply channel 110 for supplying dialysate to the secondary side 10b of the membrane 20 of the dialyzer 10 and the dialysate that has passed through the secondary side 10b of the membrane 20 of the dialyzer 10 are discharged. The dialysate discharge channel 111 is provided. Pumps 112 and 113 are provided in the dialysate supply channel 110 and the dialysate discharge channel 111, respectively. The dialysate supply flow path 110 is connected to a dialysate supply container (not shown), and the dialysate discharge flow path 111 is connected to a dialysate discharge container (not shown). The dialysate supply container and the dialysate discharge container may be the same.

  Next, the operation of the blood filtration dialysis apparatus 1 configured as described above will be described. For example, in the dialysis process, the pump 30 is activated, and the blood of the patient passes from the blood collection side end 11a of the blood circuit 11 through the first flow path 31 and the second flow path 32, and the primary side of the membrane 20 of the dialyzer 10. 10a. The blood passes through the primary side 10a of the dialyzer 10 and then returns to the patient from the blood return side end portion 11b through the third flow path 33. The dialysate is supplied to the secondary side 10 b of the membrane 20 of the dialyzer 10 through the dialysate supply channel 110, and the dialysate that has passed through the secondary side 10 b of the dialyzer 10 is discharged through the dialysate discharge channel 111. Is done. In the dialyzer 10, unnecessary substances in the blood on the primary side 10 a are taken into the dialysate on the secondary side 10 b through the membrane 20 to purify the blood.

  In the first branch channel 40, the pump 51 is activated at a predetermined timing, and the anticoagulant of blood from the anticoagulant supply source 50 is supplied to the blood in the first channel 31 through the first branch channel 40. Is done. Further, for example, in the second branch flow path 60, the pump 71 is operated at a predetermined timing, and a replacement fluid such as a physiological saline solution from the replacement fluid supply source 70 passes through the second branch flow path 60 and blood in the second flow path 32. To be supplied. Further, for example, in the third branch flow path 80, the pump 91 is operated at a predetermined timing, and a replacement fluid such as a physiological saline solution from the replacement fluid supply source 90 passes through the third branch flow path 80 to the blood in the third flow path 33. Supplied.

  The supply of the replacement fluid performed through the second branch flow path 60 and the third branch flow path 80 may be performed in an emergency such as a drop in blood pressure during dialysis, for example. May be performed during normal dialysis, such as when supplying water removed from blood or increasing the flow rate of liquid through the membrane 20 from the primary side 10a to the secondary side 10b of the dialyzer 10. . In addition, the supply of the replacement fluid performed through the second branch channel 60 and the third branch channel 80 fills the blood circuit 11 with a clean liquid not only during the dialysis process but also prior to the dialysis process. It may be performed at the time of priming processing for washing, or at the time of blood return processing for supplying the liquid into the blood circuit 11 and forcing the remaining blood to the patient.

  Further, for example, during dialysis, the pressure sensor 52 of the first branch flow path 40 is activated, and the blood pressure in the first flow path 31 is detected. This detection result is output to a control device (not shown). For example, it is determined whether or not the pressure of the blood in the first flow path 31 after blood collection is within a predetermined threshold, and fluctuations in the pressure of the collected blood are determined. Is monitored.

  The pressure sensor 72 of the second branch channel 60 is activated, and the blood pressure in the second channel 32 is detected. This detection result is output to a control device (not shown). For example, it is determined whether or not the blood pressure before entering the dialyzer 10 is within a predetermined threshold, and clogging in the dialyzer 10 is monitored, for example.

  Further, the pressure sensor 92 of the third branch flow path 80 is activated, and the blood pressure in the third flow path 33 is detected. This detection result is output to a control device (not shown). For example, it is determined whether or not the pressure of the blood in the third flow path 33 before returning blood is within a predetermined threshold. Pressure fluctuations are monitored.

  According to the above embodiment, the branch channels 40, 60, 80 are connected to the channels 31, 32, 33 of each section of the blood circuit 11, respectively, and the channel 31 is connected to the branch channels 40, 60, 80. , 32, 33 are provided with pressure sensors 52, 72, 92, respectively. For this reason, it is not necessary to provide a pressure sensor that deteriorates blood flow in each of the flow paths 31, 32, and 33 of the blood circuit 11, and blood coagulation and clogging due to the blood circuit 11 caused by the pressure sensor can be prevented. .

  In addition, since the first branch channel 40 can supply the blood anticoagulant to the first channel 31, it is used not only for providing the pressure sensor 52 but also as a channel for supplying the anticoagulant. Can do. Therefore, it is possible to simplify the circuit by effectively using the branch flow path for the pressure sensor 52.

  Since the second branch channel 60 can supply the replacement fluid to the second channel 32, it can be used not only for providing the pressure sensor 72 but also as a channel for supplying the replacement fluid to the second channel 32. it can. Further, since the third branch flow path 80 can supply the replacement fluid to the third flow path 33, it is used not only for providing the pressure sensor 92 but also as a flow path for supplying the replacement fluid to the third flow path 33. be able to. Therefore, the circuit can be simplified by effectively using the branch flow path for the pressure sensor.

  Since the hemofiltration dialysis apparatus 1 is a continuous hemodialysis apparatus, the merit of suppressing the coagulation of blood in the blood circuit 11 and the clogging caused thereby is great. It can be done properly.

  In the above embodiment, the first branch channel 40 supplies blood anticoagulant to the first channel 31. However, the first branch channel 40 may supply a replacement fluid such as physiological saline. Good. In such a case, a replacement fluid supply source 50 is connected to the first branch channel 40 instead of the anticoagulant supply source 50. The supply of the replacement fluid to the first flow channel 31 through the first branch flow channel 40 is during the dialysis treatment, similar to the supply of the replacement fluid in the second branch flow channel 60 and the third branch flow channel 80 described above. It may be performed in an emergency or during normal times, or may be performed during a priming process other than a dialysis process, a blood return process, or the like.

  In the above embodiment, the drip chamber 100 is provided in the third flow path 33. However, as shown in FIG. 2, the drip chamber 100 is not provided in the third flow path 33. The drip chamber 100 may be provided in the branch flow path 80. Further, another branch channel 120 communicating with the drip chamber 100 may be provided in the third branch channel 80, and the pressure sensor 92 may be provided in the branch channel 120. In such a case, for example, bubbles that have entered the third flow path 33 can be sent to the drip chamber 100 through the third branch flow path 80 and discharged from the drip chamber 100. In addition, since the drip chamber 100 in which the blood stays is not provided in the third flow path 33, it is possible to prevent blood coagulation and clogging of the flow path caused by the drip chamber 100.

  The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to such examples. It is obvious for those skilled in the art that various modifications or modifications can be conceived within the scope of the idea described in the claims, and these naturally belong to the technical scope of the present invention. It is understood.

  For example, even if the branch flow path and the pressure sensor are not connected to all the flow paths 31, 32, and 33 of the blood circuit 11 as in the above embodiment, at least one of the flow paths 31, 32, and 33 The branch flow path and the pressure sensor may be connected. Further, the branch channels 40, 60 and 80 do not necessarily need to supply a replacement fluid or an anticoagulant. The replacement fluid may be any fluid that is introduced into the blood passing through the blood circuit, and is not limited to physiological saline, and may be, for example, dialysis fluid. The present invention can be applied not only to a continuous blood filtration dialysis apparatus but also to other blood purification apparatuses that purify blood, such as a normal hemodialysis apparatus and a blood filtration apparatus.

  The present invention is useful in suppressing the occurrence of blood coagulation or clogging in a blood circuit caused by a pressure sensor.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Blood filtration dialysis apparatus 10 Dialyzer 11 Blood circuit 11a Blood collection side edge part 11b Blood return side edge part 12 Dialysate circuit 30 Pump 31 1st flow path 32 2nd flow path 33 3rd flow path 40 1st Branch channel 51 Pump 52 First pressure sensor 60 Second branch channel 71 Pump 72 Second pressure sensor 80 Third branch channel 91 Pump 92 Third pressure sensor 100 Drip chamber 101 Clamp 110 Dialysate supply Channel 111 Dialysate discharge channel 112, 113 Pump A, B, C Branch

Claims (7)

A blood purification device for purifying blood,
A blood purifier,
A blood circuit for supplying blood to the blood purifier from the blood collection side end and returning the blood that has passed through the blood purifier to the blood return side end;
A pump provided between the blood collection side end of the blood circuit and the blood purifier, for pumping blood,
The blood circuit is
A first flow path connected to the pump from the blood collection side end;
A second flow path connected from the pump to the blood purifier;
A third flow path connected to the blood purifier from the blood return side end,
A branch channel is connected to at least one of the first channel, the second channel, or the third channel,
The blood purification device, wherein the branch flow path is provided with a pressure sensor that detects a pressure of the flow path branched from the branch flow path.   The blood purification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a branch channel is connected to the first channel, and the branch channel can supply a blood anticoagulant to the first channel.   The blood purification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a branch channel is connected to the first channel, and the branch channel can supply a replacement fluid to the first channel.   The blood purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a branch channel is connected to the second channel, and the branch channel can supply a replacement fluid to the second channel.   The blood purification device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a branch channel is connected to the third channel, and the branch channel can supply a replacement fluid to the third channel.   The blood purification apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a drip chamber is not provided in the third flow path, and a drip chamber is provided in the branch flow path of the third flow path.   The blood purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is a continuous blood filtration dialysis apparatus.

Images