JP2011196909A - Particulate generation device and particulate generation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a particulate generation device capable of generating particulate having a high combustion temperature.SOLUTION: This particulate generation device 100 includes: a combustion chamber 3 having an air inlet 1 for supplying combustion air F1, and a gas outlet 2 for discharging particulate-containing gas F2 containing generated particulate, wherein gas fuel is burned therein to generate particulate; a main burner 4 inserted into the combustion chamber 3, for supplying the gas fuel continuously into the combustion chamber 3; and a pilot burner 6 mounted on the combustion chamber 3, for igniting the gas fuel supplied into the combustion chamber 3. A position where the main burner is arranged is in the range from a position at 100 mm from the position where the pilot burner is arranged toward the downstream side to a position at 200 mm from the position where the pilot burner is arranged toward the upstream side.

Description

  The present invention relates to a particulate matter generating device and a particulate matter generating method, and more particularly to a particulate matter generating device and a particulate matter generating method capable of generating particulate matter having a high combustion temperature.

Particulates and harmful substances in exhaust gas discharged from various internal combustion engines and the like have a great influence on the human body and the environment, and there is an increasing need to prevent their release into the atmosphere. In particular, particulate matter (Particulate Matter) (PM), NO _x (nitrogen oxide), etc. discharged from a diesel engine have a great influence, and regulations concerning them are strengthened worldwide. Therefore, a filter for capturing PM (Diesel Particulate Filter: DPF) and the study of the exhaust gas purification device having a catalyst, a having characteristics such as the reduction of NO _X to nitrogen and water, the development is advanced, High performance exhaust gas purifiers are now available on the market.

  In manufacturing such an exhaust gas purification device, it is necessary to test the exhaust gas purification device and evaluate its performance and durability with high accuracy. As a means for evaluating the performance and the like of the exhaust gas purification device, there is a method of supplying exhaust gas from an actual automobile engine or the like to the exhaust gas purification device and analyzing the processing gas. In addition, using particulate matter collected from carbon powder and actual exhaust gas, this is mixed into the gas to produce exhaust gas that mimics exhaust gas from an actual automobile engine, and it is used as an exhaust gas purification device There is known a method of supplying the gas to the gas and analyzing the processing gas (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Furthermore, there are known methods for generating exhaust gas containing particulate matter by burning light oil or hydrocarbons, and methods for generating exhaust gas containing particulate matter by sparking a graphite electrode. It is possible to evaluate the performance and the like of the exhaust gas purification device using the exhaust gas thus obtained (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  Also, it is equipped with intermittent fuel injection means, and by injecting fuel intermittently into the combustion air, a large amount of particulate matter is generated in the combustion gas, and the combustion gas containing the large amount of particulate matter is safe. In addition, PM (particulate matter) generators that can be stably supplied to an exhaust gas purification device are known (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

JP-A-2005-214742 JP 2007-155712 A

  However, the method of using exhaust gas from an actual automobile engine has a problem that the equipment becomes large and expensive. Further, in the method of manufacturing exhaust gas imitating the exhaust gas from an automobile engine, there is a problem that it cannot be said that the actual exhaust gas is sufficiently simulated because the PM collected once is used. Furthermore, there is a problem that the method of generating exhaust gas containing PM by burning light oil or hydrocarbon makes it difficult to control the amount of PM generated and easily misfires. The method of generating an exhaust gas containing particulate matter by sparking a graphite electrode has a problem that the amount of particulate matter generated is small and a large amount of particulate matter cannot be generated in a short time.

  Further, the PM (particulate matter) generator that includes intermittent fuel injection means and intermittently injects fuel into the combustion air is an excellent device that can generate a large amount of particulate matter. From the viewpoint of the combustion temperature of the generated particulate matter, there is room for further improvement.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a particulate matter generating device and a particulate matter generating method capable of generating particulate matter having a high combustion temperature.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides the following particulate matter generating apparatus and particulate matter generating method.

[1] It has an air inlet for supplying combustion air and a gas outlet for discharging particulate matter-containing gas containing the generated particulate matter, and the gaseous fuel is burned inside so that the particulate matter is A combustion chamber that is generated, a main burner that is attached to the combustion chamber and continuously supplies gaseous fuel into the combustion chamber, and a pilot burner that is inserted into the combustion chamber and ignites the gaseous fuel supplied to the combustion chamber. The position where the main burner is arranged is from a position 100 mm downstream from the position where the pilot burner is arranged to a position 200 mm upstream from the position where the pilot burner is arranged. Particulate matter generators that are within range.

[2] The particulate matter generator according to [1], wherein an average excess air ratio in the combustion chamber is 0.9 to 2.0.

[3] The particulate matter generator according to [1] or [2], wherein the combustion air has an average flow velocity of 0.1 to 2 m / second.

[4] The particulate matter generator according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the gaseous fuel is at least one selected from methane, ethane, propane, and butane.

[5] The flow direction of the combustion air in the plane including the flow direction of the combustion air is 0 ° in the supply direction of the gaseous fuel supplied from the main burner. The particulate matter generator according to any one of [1] to [4], which is a 90 ° to 270 ° direction when a direction perpendicular to the air flow direction is a 90 ° direction.

[6] The main burner according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the main burner has a tubular structure in which one supply hole for supplying the gaseous fuel is formed, and an opening diameter of the supply hole is 4 to 10 mm. Particulate matter generator.

[7] A particulate matter generation method for generating particulate matter using the particulate matter generator according to any one of [1] to [6].

[8] The combustion air is supplied from the air inlet so that the average excess air ratio is 0.9 to 2.0, the gaseous fuel is continuously supplied from the main burner, and the pilot burner The method for generating particulate matter according to [7], wherein the gaseous fuel is ignited to burn the gaseous fuel to generate particulate matter, and the gas containing the particulate matter is discharged from the gas outlet.

[9] The particulate matter generator according to any one of [1] to [6] and a porous ceramic structure as an evaluation sample disposed on the gas outlet side of the particulate matter generator are accommodated. A porous material in which the particulate matter generated by the particulate matter generator is sent together with a gas to the sample storage vessel, and the gas containing the particulate matter is contained in the sample storage vessel A porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus that can be supplied to a ceramic structure.

[10] A cooling air supply means and a cooling air flow rate control means for controlling a flow rate of air supplied from the cooling air supply means are further provided, and the particulate matter generator and the sample are supplied from the cooling air supply means. The cooling air can be introduced between the storage container, the cooling air and the gas containing the particulate matter can be mixed, and the temperature of the gas containing the particulate matter can be controlled [9] Porous ceramic structure evaluation device.

  The particulate matter generation device of the present invention has a high excess air ratio while reducing the distance between the main burner and the pilot burner and continuously supplying combustion air (combustion air) and gaseous fuel together into the combustion chamber. Since the gaseous fuel is burned to generate the particulate matter, the particulate matter having a high combustion temperature can be generated.

  Moreover, since the particulate matter generation method of the present invention generates particulate matter using the particulate matter generator of the present invention, it can generate particulate matter having a high combustion temperature.

It is a side view showing typically one embodiment of the particulate matter generator of the present invention. It is a top view showing typically one embodiment of the particulate matter generator of the present invention. It is a mimetic diagram showing the section of one embodiment of the particulate matter generator of the present invention. It is a mimetic diagram showing the section of one embodiment of the particulate matter generator of the present invention. It is a top view which shows typically the main burner which comprises one Embodiment of the particulate matter generator of this invention. It is a side view showing typically one embodiment of the porous ceramic structure evaluation device of the present invention. It is a side view showing typically one embodiment of the porous ceramic structure evaluation device of the present invention. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a ceramic honeycomb structure to be evaluated by one embodiment of a porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram showing a cross section parallel to the cell extending direction of the ceramic honeycomb structure to be evaluated in one embodiment of the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus of the present invention.

  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and those skilled in the art do not depart from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that design changes, improvements, and the like can be made as appropriate based on ordinary knowledge.

(1) Particulate matter generator:
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, one embodiment of the particulate matter generator of the present invention is “particulate matter containing the air inlet 1 for supplying combustion air F1 and the generated particulate matter. A combustion chamber 3 having a gas outlet 2 for discharging the contained gas F2 and in which the gaseous fuel is combusted to generate particulate matter; and “the gaseous fuel inserted into the combustion chamber 3 is introduced into the combustion chamber 3 The main burner 4 is supplied continuously, and the pilot burner 6 is attached to the combustion chamber 3 and ignites the gaseous fuel supplied to the combustion chamber 3. And the position where the main burner is arranged is from a position of 100 mm toward the downstream side from the position where the pilot burner is arranged, to a position of 200 mm toward the upstream side from the position where the pilot burner is arranged. Within range. The main burner 4 is provided with a supply hole (a hole for supplying a gaseous fuel) 5 ”for supplying a gaseous fuel. FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing one embodiment of the particulate matter generator of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing one embodiment of the particulate matter generator of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section (a cross section parallel to the flow direction of the combustion air F1 and perpendicular to the central axis of the cylindrical main burner 4) of one embodiment of the particulate matter generating device of the present invention. FIG.

  As described above, the particulate matter generation device 100 according to the present embodiment reduces the distance between the main burner and the pilot burner, and continuously supplies both combustion air (combustion air) and gaseous fuel into the combustion chamber 3. Since the gaseous fuel is burned to generate the particulate matter, the particulate matter having a high combustion temperature can be generated. More specifically, when the gaseous fuel is continuously supplied into the combustion chamber 3 and the excess air ratio is burned in a high range between 0.9 and 2.0, the combustion temperature becomes high and the combustion temperature becomes high. Particulate matter containing carbon as a main component can be generated. Specifically, the combustion temperature of the particulate matter can be set to 520 to 560 ° C. Here, “consisting mainly of carbon” means that 90% by mass or more of carbon is contained in the whole particulate matter. In addition to carbon, the particulate matter may contain an SOF (Solid Organic Fraction) component or the like.

  The particulate matter generating device 100 of this embodiment has an air inlet 1 for supplying combustion air F1 and a gas outlet 2 for discharging a particulate matter-containing gas F2 containing the generated particulate matter. The gas fuel is combusted inside to generate particulate matter, and includes a “cylindrical cylindrical chamber having both ends tapered.” As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the shape of the combustion chamber 3 is preferably “a cylindrical shape in which both end portions are tapered and tapered”, but “one end portion is formed in a tapered shape. It may be a “cylindrical shape”, or may be a normal cylindrical shape with no taper formed at both ends. Furthermore, the bottom surface is a polygon such as a square (both ends or one end) (Including those having a taper shape). As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, when the shape of the combustion chamber 3 is “cylindrical with one end tapered,” “one end is tapered. Therefore, the flow of the combustion air and the particulate matter-containing gas becomes smooth, the amount of particulate matter generated is large, and the pressure loss can be suppressed low. Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a flange (saddle) 7 is disposed at the air inlet 1 and the gas outlet 2 of the combustion chamber 3 for joining with other members and piping. It is preferable.

Although the magnitude | size of the combustion chamber 3 is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is a magnitude | size which can burn a fuel with the required range of combustion air (combustion air), and can produce | generate a particulate matter. For example, the size range of the evaluation samples, a 4 Nm ³ / min ~0.25Nm ³ / min in an exhaust gas flow rate required range the combustion air flow rate, the amount of particulate matter (concentration) 0. When 25 to 0.75 g / Nm ^{3 is} required, the combustion chamber diameter (diameter) is preferably 130 to 250 mm, and more preferably 150 to 200 mm. Also, the volume of the combustion chamber 3 in the case similarly the combustion air flow rate of 4 Nm ³ / min ～0.25Nm ³ / min is preferably 6,000~35,000cm ^3, 6,000~30,000cm ³ is more preferable. When the combustion chamber diameter is smaller than 130 mm, the amount of particulate matter generated may be reduced. Further, if the combustion chamber diameter is larger than 250 mm, the minimum combustion air flow rate may be limited. When the internal volume of the combustion chamber is smaller than 6,000 cm ³ , the combustion chamber wall becomes high temperature, and the combustion chamber may be oxidized and deteriorated, or heat shielding to the periphery may be required. Also, if the product of the combustion chamber is larger than 35,000 cm ³ , the particulate matter generating device becomes large, so that the manufacturing cost and operating cost of the particulate matter generating device increase, and the particulate matter generating device is installed. It may be necessary to increase the space.

  Here, the combustion air flow rate refers to the combustion air flow rate required to obtain an exhaust gas flow rate at a predetermined temperature required for the evaluation test. The exhaust gas flow rate is determined in proportion to the volume of the sample, and the maximum combustion air flow rate and the minimum combustion air flow rate are the maximum combustion air flow rate and the evaluation sample volume that are required when the evaluation sample volume is maximum. Is the minimum combustion air flow rate, which is the design specification range of the particulate matter generator.

  In addition, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, when the shape of the combustion chamber 3 is “cylindrical with both ends tapered,” the “gas flow direction” of the air inlet 1 of the combustion chamber 3. The area of the “cross section perpendicular to the cross section” is preferably 15 to 60% of the largest cross sectional area in the largest area of the “cross section perpendicular to the gas flow direction” of the combustion chamber 3. More preferably, it is 50%.

  The wall thickness of the combustion chamber 3 is preferably 3 to 10 mm, and more preferably 4 to 7 mm. If the wall of the combustion chamber 3 is too thin, the strength of the particulate matter generator may be reduced. If the wall of the combustion chamber 3 is too thick, the particulate matter generator may become too heavy, and the manufacturing cost of the particulate matter generator may be high. Examples of the material of the combustion chamber 3 include stainless steel and nickel alloy.

  The combustion air F1 is preferably generated by pressurizing air with a compressor. The combustion air (compressed air) F1 adjusted by the pressure reducing valve and the flow rate control valve is preferably supplied to the air inlet 1 of the combustion chamber 3. The apparatus for generating the combustion air F1 may be the cooling air supply means 41 (see FIG. 7). That is, the compressed air generated by the cooling air supply means 41 (see FIG. 7) may be used for both the combustion air F1 and the cooling air F3 (see FIG. 7).

  In the particulate matter generation device 100 of the present embodiment, the average excess air ratio in the combustion chamber 3 is preferably 0.9 to 2.0, and more preferably 1 to 1.5. Even if the average excess air ratio is less than 0.9 or the average excess air ratio is greater than 2.0, the combustion temperature of the particulate matter may be lowered. The average excess air ratio in the combustion chamber 3 is a value calculated using the flow rate (volume) of the entire combustion air flowing through the combustion chamber 3 and the flow rate (volume) of the entire supplied fuel. Here, “excess air ratio” means the flow rate (volume) of combustion air, the theoretical flow rate (volume) of air and the flow rate (volume) of fuel necessary to burn “supplied fuel” without excess or deficiency. It is the value divided by. The average excess air ratio in the combustion chamber 3 is calculated using the flow rate (volume) of the entire combustion air flowing in the combustion chamber 3 and the flow rate (volume) of the entire fuel supplied. "Excess rate".

  In the particulate matter generation device 100 of the present embodiment, the average flow velocity of the combustion air F1 (the average flow velocity of the combustion air F1 in the combustion chamber 3) is preferably 0.1 to 4.0 m / sec. More preferably, it is 0.1-2.0 m / sec. If it is slower than 0.1 m / sec, the combustion temperature of the particulate matter may be lowered. If it is faster than 4.0 m / sec, the amount of particulate matter generated may be reduced.

  Examples of the gaseous fuel supplied from the main burner 4 include methane gas, ethane gas, propane gas, and butane gas.

  In the particulate matter generation device 100 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the cylindrical main burner 4 in which the gas fuel supply hole 5 is formed has a central axis in the direction in which the combustion air F <b> 1 flows. It is preferable that it is inserted into the combustion chamber 3 from the side surface of the combustion chamber 3 so as to be orthogonal to the inside. As shown in FIG. 4, the supply direction Q of the “gaseous fuel supplied from the main burner 4” from the main burner 4 (supply direction of the gaseous fuel) includes the flow direction of the combustion air F1 (for combustion). When the flow direction of the combustion air F1 in the plane (parallel to the flow direction of the air F1) is 0 ° (Q0) and the direction orthogonal to the flow direction of the combustion air F1 is 90 ° (Q90) 90 ° direction to 270 ° direction (90 ° direction (Q90) to 270 ° direction (Q270)), more preferably 135 ° direction to 225 ° direction. In this way, a large amount of particulate matter having a higher combustion temperature is generated by setting the supply direction Q of the gaseous fuel to the 90 ° direction to the 270 ° direction in the plane including the flow direction of the combustion air F1. By setting the direction to 135 ° to 225 °, a large amount of particulate matter having a higher combustion temperature can be generated. It can be said that the “supply direction of the gaseous fuel” is the “direction of the supply hole 5” of the main burner 4. FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a cross section of one embodiment of the particulate matter generating device of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a cross section cut along a plane parallel to the flow direction of the combustion air F <b> 1 and orthogonal to the main burner 4.

  The position where the main burner 4 is arranged in the combustion chamber 3 is a position 100 mm from the pilot burner 6 toward the downstream side (downstream side in the flow direction of the combustion air F1), and the upstream side (combustion). From the position of 100 mm toward the downstream side from the pilot burner 6 to the position of 100 mm toward the upstream side from the pilot burner 6. Is preferably within the range of 100 mm from the pilot burner 6 toward the downstream side, and more preferably within a range from the position of 100 mm toward the upstream side from the pilot burner 6.

  As shown in FIG. 5, in the particulate matter generating device 100 of the present embodiment, the main burner 4 has “a supply hole 5 for supplying gaseous fuel is formed, and the opening diameter of the supply hole 5 is 4 to 10 mm. It is preferably a “tubular structure”. When one supply hole 5 is formed in the main burner 4, if the opening diameter of the supply hole 5 is smaller than 4 mm and larger than 10 mm, mixing of gaseous fuel and combustion air (combustion air) may be improved. The amount of particulate matter produced may be reduced. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the main burner 4 is preferably cylindrical, but may have a cylindrical shape whose bottom surface is a “polygon such as a quadrangle”. FIG. 5 is a plan view schematically showing a main burner constituting one embodiment of the particulate matter generating device of the present invention.

The length and the inner diameter of the portion inserted into the combustion chamber 3 of the main burner 4 (the diameter in the cross section perpendicular to the central axis direction of the space portion inside the main burner 4) are not particularly limited, but the diameter of the combustion chamber The position and the hole diameter of the supply hole 5 of the main burner 4 are substantially determined. On the other hand, the hole diameter of the supply hole 5 of the main burner 4 is substantially determined by the combustion air flow rate range of the particulate matter generator and the flow velocity at the position of the main burner 4, and the combustion air flow rate range is 0.25 Nm ³ / min to 4 Nm ³ /. The minute is preferably 4 mm to 10 mm. Further, the wall thickness of the main burner 4 is preferably 3 to 10 mm. If it is thinner than 3 mm, the strength of the main burner 4 may be lowered. If it is thicker than 10 mm, the inner diameter of the main burner may be reduced, or the outer diameter of the main burner (the outer diameter of the main burner 4 in the cross section perpendicular to the central axis direction) may be increased. If the outer diameter of the main burner 4 is large, the combustion space in the combustion chamber 3 may be reduced, and the amount of particulate matter generated may be reduced.

  Further, examples of the material of the main burner 4 include stainless steel and nickel alloy.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the particulate matter generation device 100 of the present embodiment includes a pilot burner 6 that is attached to the wall surface of the combustion chamber 3 and ignites the gaseous fuel supplied to the combustion chamber. . The pilot burner 6 is preferably cylindrical and is preferably attached to the wall surface of the combustion chamber 3. As a structure of the pilot burner 6, it is preferable that automatic ignition is possible, it is preferable that compressed air can be used, and it is preferable that a flame detector can be attached.

  Examples of the material of the pilot burner 6 include stainless steel and carbon steel.

(2) Manufacturing method of particulate matter generator:
Although it does not specifically limit as a manufacturing method of one Embodiment of the particulate matter generator of this invention, For example, the following method can be mentioned.

  A combustion chamber, a main burner, and a pilot burner are respectively produced using predetermined materials. The materials of the combustion chamber, the main burner, and the pilot burner are preferably materials that are preferable in one embodiment of the particulate matter generator of the present invention. Each of the combustion chamber, main burner, and pilot burner is preferably formed in a shape or the like that is preferable in one embodiment of the particulate matter generator of the present invention.

  The produced combustion chamber, main burner, and pilot burner are assembled so as to have a preferable positional relationship in the embodiment of the particulate matter generating device of the present invention, and the particulate matter generating device of the present invention is assembled. It is preferable to obtain the embodiment.

(3) Particulate matter generation method:
One embodiment of the particulate matter generation method of the present invention is a method of generating particulate matter using one embodiment of the particulate matter generation apparatus of the present invention.

Thus, in one embodiment of the particulate matter generation method of the present invention, the particulate matter is generated using the embodiment of the particulate matter generation apparatus of the present invention, so that the particles having a high combustion temperature are used. A substance can be generated. Specifically, the combustion temperature of the particulate matter can be set to 500 to 560 ° C. Then, it is possible to generate 0.75 g or more of particulate matter per 1 Nm ^{3 of} combustion air desirable as a particulate matter generator that can efficiently evaluate the DPF.

  The particulate matter generating method of the present embodiment continuously supplies both combustion air F1 from the air inlet 1 and gaseous fuel from the main burner 4 using the particulate matter generating device 100 shown in FIGS. Then, the fuel gas is ignited by the pilot burner 6 (which supplies both combustion air F1 and gaseous fuel continuously) to burn the gaseous fuel to generate particulate matter, and the exhaust gas temperature is adjusted by the cooling air F3. Then, the gas containing particulate matter (particulate matter-containing gas) F2 is discharged from the gas outlet 2.

  In the particulate matter generation method of the present embodiment, it is preferable to supply combustion air from the air inlet so that the average excess air ratio (average excess air ratio in the combustion chamber) is 0.9 to 2.0. . The average excess air ratio is more preferably 1.0 to 1.5. Even if the average excess air ratio is less than 0.9 or the average excess air ratio is greater than 2.0, the combustion temperature of the generated carbon-based particulate matter is low.

  In the particulate matter generation method of the present embodiment, it is preferable to extinguish the pilot burner 6 10 to 20 seconds after the main burner 4 is ignited. If the pilot burner 6 is extinguished before 10 seconds later, the main burner 4 may disappear after that. When the pilot burner 6 is extinguished after 10 to 20 seconds, PM can be further efficiently generated in a stable combustion state.

(4) Porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus:
One embodiment of the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus of the present invention (porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus 200) is, as shown in FIG. A particulate matter generator 100) and a sample storage container 31 for accommodating a porous ceramic structure 32, which is an evaluation sample, disposed on the gas outlet 2 side of the particulate matter generator 100, and generating particulate matter The particulate matter generated in the apparatus 100 is sent to the sample storage container 31 together with the gas (particulate matter-containing gas F2 is sent to the sample storage container 31), and the gas containing the particulate matter (particulate matter-containing gas F2) is sampled. This can be supplied to the porous ceramic structure 32 stored in the storage container 31. FIG. 6 is a side view schematically showing one embodiment of the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus of the present invention.

  As described above, the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus 200 according to the present embodiment uses the particulate matter produced by the particulate matter generation apparatus according to an embodiment (particulate matter generation apparatus 100) of the present invention as a sample storage container. 31, and can be supplied to the porous ceramic structure 32 stored in the sample storage container 31. Therefore, the particulate matter having a high combustion temperature is sent to the porous ceramic structure 32, and the porous ceramic structure 32. The test which collects a particulate matter about and can be performed effectively. And the test result close | similar to the case where it mounts in a motor vehicle etc. can be obtained.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus 200 according to the present embodiment includes a cooling air mixing pipe 34 having a cooling air introduction nozzle 33 on its side surface, a particulate matter generator 100, a sample storage container 31, and the like. It is preferable to prepare between. Then, the cooling air F3 supplied from the cooling air introduction nozzle 33 into the cooling air mixing pipe 34 and the particulate matter-containing gas F2 are mixed in the cooling air mixing pipe 34 to generate a mixed gas. It is preferable that the temperature of the mixed gas (mixed gas of the cooling air F3 and the particulate matter-containing gas F2) can be controlled. In this case, a mixed gas (a mixed gas of the cooling air F3 and the particulate matter-containing gas F2) is sent to the sample storage container 31. Thereby, the porous ceramic structure 32 can be evaluated under the exhaust gas temperature and flow rate conditions closer to actual use. The joining of the cooling air mixing tube 34 and the particulate matter generator 100 and the joining of the cooling air mixing tube 34 and the sample storage container 31 are preferably performed via a flange.

  Moreover, the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus 200 of this embodiment controls the flow rate of the cooling air supply means 41 and the air (cooling air F3) supplied from the cooling air supply means 41, as shown in FIG. The cooling air flow rate control means 42 is further provided. Between the cooling air supply means 41 and the particulate matter generator 100 and the sample storage container 31 (disposed between the particulate matter generator 100 and the sample storage container 31). The cooling air F3 is introduced into the cooling air mixing tube 34), the cooling air F3 and the gas containing the particulate matter (particulate matter-containing gas F2) are mixed, and the temperature of the particulate matter-containing gas F2 is mixed. It is preferable that adjustment is possible. As a result of the temperature control of the particulate matter-containing gas F2, the gas obtained is “mixed gas of the cooling air F3 and the particulate matter-containing gas F2”. Moreover, it is preferable that the cooling air supply means 41 and the cooling air supply nozzle are connected by piping. FIG. 7 is a side view schematically showing one embodiment of the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus of the present invention.

  Although it does not specifically limit as the cooling air supply means 41, Specifically, the supply of the air by a compressor, the supply of the air by a blower, etc. can be mentioned. The cooling air flow rate control means 42 is not particularly limited, and specific examples include a pressure reducing valve and a flow rate control valve.

  In the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus 200 of the present embodiment, the sample storage container 31 is preferably a cylindrical can, but a cylindrical can whose bottom is “polygonal such as an ellipse or a rectangle”. It may be. Further, the sample storage container 31 is preferably provided with an inlet pipe 31a on the gas inlet side and an outlet pipe 31b on the gas outlet side. The inlet pipe 31a is connected to the cooling air mixing pipe 34, and the mixed gas of the particulate matter-containing gas F2 and the cooling air F3 discharged from the cooling air mixing pipe 34 enters the sample storage container 31 from the inlet pipe 31a. It is preferable to flow in, pass through the sample storage container 31, and be discharged to the outside from the outlet pipe 31b.

  The size of the sample storage container 31 is not particularly limited as long as the porous ceramic structure to be tested can be stored therein. Examples of the material of the sample storage container 31 include stainless steel. The material of the inlet tube 31a and the material of the outlet tube 31b are preferably the same as the material of the sample storage container 31. The inner diameters (diameters) of the inlet pipe 31a, the outlet pipe 31b, and the rectifying pipe 35 differ depending on the volume of the sample, and are preferably substantially the same as the exhaust pipe diameter of the actual engine. Moreover, it is preferable that the inclination of a taper part is 30 degrees-60 degrees. Further, the length of the rectifying pipe 35 in the gas flow direction is preferably 5 times or more the inner diameter (diameter) of the rectifying pipe 35.

  In the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus 200 of the present embodiment, the cooling air mixing pipe 34 is preferably a cylindrical pipe having an opening having the same shape as the gas outlet 2 of the combustion chamber 3. The length of the cooling air mixing tube 34 in the gas flow direction is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the length of the cooling air mixing tube 34 is not less than three times the inner diameter.

  The connection position of the cooling air supply nozzle 33 disposed in the cooling air mixing pipe 34 is not particularly limited, but the inner diameter (diameter) of the cooling air supply nozzle 33 is the same as the inner diameter of the cooling air mixing pipe 34. Is preferred.

  The cooling air supply nozzle 33 has an angle (small side angle) formed by the traveling direction of the cooling air flowing from the cooling air supply nozzle 33 and the direction in which the gas in the cooling air mixing tube 34 flows is 30 ° to 60 °. It is preferable that the cooling air mixing pipe 34 is disposed so as to be at an angle. Thereby, mixing with cooling air and particulate matter content gas can be improved. Examples of the material of the cooling air supply nozzle 33 and the cooling air supply nozzle 33 include stainless steel and nickel alloy.

  The porous ceramic structure 32 evaluated by the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus 200 of the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it is used as a filter for collecting particulate matter from exhaust gas or the like. For example, as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, “a partition wall 51 made of a porous ceramic” that defines a plurality of cells 52 that “pass through from one end face 55 to the other end face 56” and become fluid flow paths. A ceramic honeycomb structure 50 having an outer peripheral wall 54 located on the outer periphery, and having a plugged portion 53 at an opening of a predetermined cell on one end face 55 and an opening of a remaining cell on the other end face 56. Can be mentioned. The ceramic honeycomb structure 50 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 has the predetermined cell in which the plugging portion 53 is formed on one end surface 55 side and the plugging portion 53 on the other end surface 56 side. The remaining cells are alternately arranged, and a checkered pattern is formed on one end face 55 and the other end face 56. FIG. 8 is a perspective view schematically showing a ceramic honeycomb structure 50 to be evaluated by one embodiment of the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section parallel to the cell extending direction of the ceramic honeycomb structure 50 to be evaluated by one embodiment of the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus of the present invention.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1
A porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus 200 having a structure as shown in FIG. 7 was produced using stainless steel having a thickness of 9 mm as a material. The length of the combustion chamber 3 in the gas flow direction is 900 mm, the inner diameter (diameter) of the air inlet 1 (see FIG. 1) is 70 mm, the inner diameter of the gas outlet 2 (see FIG. 1) is 106 mm, and the combustion chamber 3 The inner diameter (diameter) of the central parallel part (the part not tapered) of 3 was 130 mm. The combustion chamber 3 has a structure in which the air inlet side and the air outlet side are formed in a tapered shape, and the length of the tapered portion in the gas flow direction is set to 100 mm. The length of the cooling air mixing pipe 34 in the gas flow direction was 450 mm, and the inner diameter was the same as the inner diameter of the gas outlet 2 of the combustion chamber 3 (see FIG. 1). The cooling air supply nozzle 33 disposed in the cooling air mixing tube 34 has an inner diameter (diameter) of 106 mm. The cooling air mixing pipe 34 and the cooling air supply nozzle 33 were cylindrical. The sample storage container 31 had a cylindrical shape with an inner diameter (diameter) of 313 mm and a length of 360 mm. As a cooling air supply means, a compressor was used, and air was pressurized to generate cooling air. A pressure reducing valve and a flow rate control valve were used as the cooling air flow rate control means. Moreover, the air (cooling air) generated by the cooling air supply means was used as combustion air and cooling air.

  The main burner 4 was a cylinder having a diameter (inner diameter) of 10.5 mm, and one supply hole 5 (see FIG. 2) having a diameter of 6 mm was formed. The main burner 4 was arranged so that the supply hole was located at the center of the combustion chamber 3 in a cross section orthogonal to the gas flow direction. In addition, the direction of the supply holes was set such that “the supply direction of the gaseous fuel from the main burner” was the 0 ° direction (see FIG. 4) (the “direction of the supply holes” was the 0 ° direction (Q0)). The main burner 4 was arranged at a position of 50 mm from the position of the pilot burner 6 toward the downstream side in the gas flow direction. The pilot burner 6 can be automatically ignited, compressed air can be used, and a flame detector can be attached. The pilot burner 6 is configured to be perpendicular to the gas flow direction. Installed on the wall. The pilot burner 6 was disposed at a position of 400 mm from the air inlet 1 of the combustion chamber 3 to the “length in the gas flow direction” of the combustion chamber 3.

Particulate matter was generated using the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus 200. As gaseous fuel, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) vaporized was used. The amount of gaseous fuel used (the amount of LPG used) was 34.3 liters / minute. Combustion air was supplied at 1.0 Nm ³ / min, and the total amount of the mixed gas after adding cooling air was 7.0 Nm ³ / min. The average excess air ratio λ in the combustion chamber was 1.2. The average excess air ratio λ is a value obtained on a volume basis. The pilot burner extinguished 20 seconds after igniting the main burner.

  The combustion temperature (particulate matter combustion temperature) of the particulate matter generated by the particulate matter generation method was measured by the following method. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Combustion temperature of particulate matter)
Particulate matter generated by the particulate matter generation method was collected with filter paper. Then, the “filter paper on which the particulate matter is collected” is heated to 450 ° C. in an electric furnace, and then the temperature is raised while repeating the operation of “hold for 10 minutes every time the temperature is raised to 10 ° C.” The temperature when the particulate matter was completely burned out was defined as the combustion temperature of the particulate matter.

(Examples 2 to 7)
Particulate matter was generated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the “direction of the supply holes” was changed as shown in Table 1. The “particulate matter combustion temperature” was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Reference example)
Particulate matter was generated using the PM generator described in JP-A-2007-155712. Light oil was used as the liquid fuel used. The amount of light oil used (the amount of liquid fuel used) was 3.6 liters / hour. In the intermittent fuel injection means, the fuel injection time (valve opening time) was 15 milliseconds, and the fuel injection period (valve opening period) was 60 milliseconds. As a result, the duty ratio (valve opening time / valve opening cycle) was 0.25. The supply amount of combustion air was 0.45 Nm ³ / min, and the total air amount was 4.0 Nm ³ / min. The average excess air ratio λ was 0.81, and the instantaneous excess air ratio was 0.20. The instantaneous excess air ratio is the excess air ratio at the time when the concentration of the liquid fuel becomes high at the time of liquid fuel injection (when the valve is opened). In the same manner as in Example 1, “particulate matter generation amount” and “particulate matter combustion temperature” were measured by the above methods. The results are shown in Table 2.

(Examples 8 to 13, Comparative Examples 1 and 2)
Particulate matter in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the direction of the supply hole of the main burner was changed to 180 ° (Q180)) and the “distance from the pilot burner” of the main burner was changed as shown in Table 3. Was generated. “Positive numerical value (for example,“ 200 mm ”in Example 8)” in the column of “Distance from pilot burner” in Table 3 indicates that “the main burner 4 is in the gas flow direction from the position of the pilot burner 6”. It is arranged at a position separated by the numerical value toward the upstream side. Further, in the column of “distance from pilot burner” in Table 3, “negative numerical value (for example,“ −100 ”in Example 13)” indicates that “the main burner 4 has changed the gas from the position of the pilot burner 6. It is “disposed at a position separated by the absolute value of the numerical value” toward the downstream side in the flow direction. The “particulate matter combustion temperature” was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 3.

(Examples 14 to 20)
Except for changing the average excess air ratio in the combustion chamber by changing the direction of the supply hole of the main burner to the 180 ° direction (Q180)) and changing the amount of gaseous fuel used as shown in Table 4. In the same manner as in Example 1, particulate matter was generated. In the same manner as in Example 1, the “particulate matter combustion temperature” was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 4.

  From Table 1, it can be seen that a particulate matter having a high combustion temperature of 500 ° C. or higher can be obtained by continuously supplying gaseous fuel into the combustion chamber.

  Moreover, it can be seen from Table 1 that a particulate matter having a high combustion temperature of 520 ° C. or higher can be obtained when the “direction of the supply hole” is 90 to 270 °. Furthermore, it can be seen that when the “direction of the supply hole” is 135 to 225 °, a particulate matter having a higher combustion temperature of 540 ° C. or higher can be obtained.

  From Table 3, the main burner in the combustion chamber is “from the position of 100 mm toward the downstream side (downstream side in the flow direction of combustion air) from the pilot burner and upstream (downstream in the flow direction of combustion air). It is understood that a particulate matter having a high combustion temperature of 520 to 560 ° C. can be obtained by disposing in the “range up to a position of 200 mm toward the side)”. Further, the main burner is disposed in a “range from a position of 100 mm toward the downstream side from the pilot burner to a position of 150 mm from the pilot burner to the upstream side”, so that a higher combustion of 530 to 560 ° C. It can be seen that temperature particulate matter can be obtained. Further, the main burner is disposed in a “range from a position of 100 mm toward the downstream side from the pilot burner to a position of 100 mm from the pilot burner toward the upstream side”, so that a higher combustion of 540 to 560 ° C. It can be seen that temperature particulate matter can be obtained. Further, the main burner is disposed in a “range from a position of 100 mm downstream from the pilot burner to a position of 50 mm upstream from the pilot burner”, so that a higher combustion of 550 to 560 ° C. It can be seen that temperature particulate matter can be obtained. When the main burner is disposed at a position “150 mm downstream from the pilot burner” (Example 14), the main burner is likely to misfire because the distance between the main burner and the pilot burner is long. It was. And when the main burner was arrange | positioned in "the position of 100 mm toward the downstream from a pilot burner" (Example 13), there was no fear of misfire.

  From Table 4, it can be seen that particulate matter having a high combustion temperature of 500 ° C. can be obtained when the average excess air ratio in the combustion chamber is 0.8 and 3.0. Moreover, it turns out that the particulate matter of the still higher combustion temperature of 520 degreeC-560 degreeC can be obtained when the average excess air ratio in a combustion chamber is 0.9-2.0. Furthermore, it can be seen that when the average excess air ratio in the combustion chamber is 1.0 to 1.5, particulate matter having a higher combustion temperature of 560 ° C. can be obtained.

  The particulate matter generator of the present invention is a porous ceramic structure for collecting particulate matter contained in exhaust gas discharged from an automobile engine, construction machine engine, industrial stationary engine, combustion equipment, etc. It can utilize suitably in order to evaluate.

1: Air inlet, 2: Gas outlet, 3: Combustion chamber, 4: Main burner, 5: Supply hole (hole for supplying gaseous fuel), 6: Pilot burner, 7: Flange (gutter), 8: Combustion chamber 31: Sample storage container, 31a: Inlet pipe, 31b: Outlet pipe, 32: Porous ceramic structure, 33: Cooling air introduction nozzle, 34: Cooling air mixing pipe, 35: Rectification pipe, 41: Cooling air Supply means, 42: cooling air flow rate control means, 50: honeycomb structure, 51: partition walls, 52: cells, 53: plugging portion, 54: outer peripheral wall, 55: one end face, 56: other end face, 100 : Particulate matter generator, 200: porous ceramic structure evaluation device, F1: combustion air, F2: particulate matter-containing gas, F3: cooling air, Q: supply direction of gaseous fuel (direction of supply hole), Q0: 0 ° direction, Q90: 90 ° direction, Q180: 180 ° direction, Q270: 270 ° direction.

Claims (10)

Combustion having an air inlet for supplying combustion air and a gas outlet for discharging particulate matter-containing gas containing generated particulate matter, and gaseous fuel is burned inside to generate particulate matter Room,
A main burner inserted into the combustion chamber and continuously supplying gaseous fuel into the combustion chamber;
A pilot burner attached to the combustion chamber and igniting the gaseous fuel supplied to the combustion chamber;
The position where the main burner is arranged is within the range from the position where the pilot burner is arranged to 100 mm downstream and from the position where the pilot burner is arranged to 200 mm upstream. Is a particulate matter generator.   The particulate matter generator according to claim 1, wherein an average excess air ratio in the combustion chamber is 0.9 to 2.0.   The particulate matter generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the combustion air has an average flow velocity of 0.1 to 2 m / sec.   The particulate matter generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the gaseous fuel is at least one selected from methane, ethane, propane, and butane.   The flow direction of the combustion air is such that the flow direction of the combustion air is 0 ° in the plane including the flow direction of the combustion air in the supply direction of the gaseous fuel supplied from the main burner. The particulate matter generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is a 90 ° to 270 ° direction when a direction orthogonal to the direction is a 90 ° direction.   The particulate matter generation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the main burner has a tubular structure in which one supply hole for supplying the gaseous fuel is formed, and an opening diameter of the supply hole is 4 to 10 mm. apparatus.   A particulate matter generation method for generating particulate matter using the particulate matter generator according to any one of claims 1 to 6.   The combustion air is supplied from the air inlet so that the average excess air ratio is 0.9 to 2.0, the gaseous fuel is continuously supplied from the main burner, and the gaseous fuel is supplied by the pilot burner. The particulate matter generation method according to claim 7, wherein the particulate fuel is ignited to generate particulate matter by burning the gas fuel, and the gas containing the particulate matter is discharged from the gas outlet. The particulate matter generating device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and a sample storage container for storing a porous ceramic structure as an evaluation sample, disposed on the gas outlet side of the particulate matter generating device, With
The particulate matter generated in the particulate matter generator is sent to the sample storage container together with a gas, and the gas containing the particulate matter is supplied to the porous ceramic structure housed in the sample storage container. Porous ceramic structure evaluation device. A cooling air supply means; and a cooling air flow rate control means for controlling a flow rate of air supplied from the cooling air supply means,
Cooling air is introduced from the cooling air supply means between the particulate matter generating device and the sample storage container, and the cooling air and a gas containing the particulate matter are mixed to contain the particulate matter. The porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the temperature of the gas to be controlled can be controlled.

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