JP2011185558A - Solar heat using device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a solar heat using device which secures high operation efficiency even in a situation where a wide region at the center of a roof cannot be used. <P>SOLUTION: The solar heat using device 101 includes: a heat collector group 20 having a plurality of vacuum tube type solar heat collectors arranged along the ridge line or edge of a roof 1 of a building; and a control unit 31 controlling the state of the solar heat collector group 20 in accordance with a change in solar radiation conditions by seasons or by time zones in one day. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a solar heat utilization apparatus. In particular, the present invention relates to a solar heat utilization device using a vacuum tube type heat collector.

  Research and development of energy conversion systems using renewable energy such as sunlight and solar heat are being conducted. As described in JP-A-11-14163 (Patent Document 1) and JP-A-8-165770 (Patent Document 2), solar cells and solar collectors used in these systems are usually It is installed in a large area in the center of the roof of the building.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-14163 JP-A-8-165770

  As solar and solar heat utilization systems become widespread, there may be cases where multiple types of systems are introduced in parallel in one building. In that case, segregation of the installation location of those systems becomes a problem. For example, if another type of system is to be added to a building that already has one type of system installed, the existing system will help the roof even if you try to install another system to avoid the existing system. As a result, a situation may occur in which a new part cannot be installed. Alternatively, even if it can be installed, the system added later must be installed at an unfavorable location, and it may occur that the system cannot be operated with high operating efficiency.

  Then, an object of this invention is to provide the solar-heat utilization apparatus which can ensure high driving | operation efficiency, even if it is a situation which cannot utilize the wide area | region of the center of a roof.

  In order to achieve the above object, a solar heat utilization apparatus according to the present invention includes a heat collector group including a plurality of vacuum tube solar heat collectors arranged along a ridgeline or edge of a roof of a building, and solar radiation conditions. And a control unit for adjusting the state of the heat collector group according to a change due to a season or a change due to a time zone in a day.

  According to the present invention, the control unit adjusts the state of the heat collector group in accordance with changes in the solar radiation conditions, so that it can be operated efficiently.

It is a top view of the solar-heat utilization apparatus in Embodiment 1 based on this invention. It is a top view of one heat collector subgroup contained in the solar-heat utilization apparatus in Embodiment 1 based on this invention. It is a top view of the place which extracted only the heat collector group contained in the solar-heat utilization apparatus in Embodiment 1 based on this invention. It is a perspective view of one heat collector which belongs to the heat collector group contained in the solar-heat utilization apparatus in Embodiment 1 based on this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the structural example of the conduit | pipe for heat-medium distribution | circulation in the solar-heat utilization apparatus in Embodiment 1 based on this invention, and control input / output. It is explanatory drawing of the structural example of the control part contained in the solar-heat utilization apparatus in Embodiment 1 based on this invention. It is a top view of the modification of the solar-heat utilization apparatus in Embodiment 1 based on this invention.

  In the present invention, in order to solve the above-described problems, a vacuum tube type solar collector that is widely known as one type of solar collector is disposed along a ridgeline or edge instead of on a surface such as a roof, The path and flow rate of the heat medium flowing into the vacuum tube and the angle of the heat collecting plate are controlled so as to be optimal for the solar radiation situation. The angle adjustment of the heat collecting plate is performed so as to be able to cope with the change in the solar radiation due to the season and the change in the solar radiation over time during the day.

(Embodiment 1)
(Constitution)
With reference to FIGS. 1-3, the solar-heat utilization apparatus in Embodiment 1 based on this invention is demonstrated. FIG. 1 shows a plan view of the entire solar heat utilization apparatus 101 installed on the roof 1, and FIG. 2 shows a part of the solar heat utilization apparatus 101. FIG. 3 shows a state where only the vacuum tube type solar heat collector 3 included in the solar heat utilization apparatus 101 is extracted.

  In the example shown in FIG. 1, the photovoltaic power generation unit 2 is already installed on one of the four surfaces of a general dormitory roof 1. A plurality of vacuum tube type solar heat collectors 3 (hereinafter also referred to as “heat collectors 3”) are disposed on edge portions and edge portions surrounding the solar power generation unit 2. The plurality of arranged heat collectors 3 are divided into blocks every fixed number. In the example shown in FIG. 1, a total of five blocks are arranged with four heat collectors 3 as one block. As shown in FIG. 2, a collection of the heat collectors 3 for one block is referred to as a “heat collector subgroup”. In this example, one heat collector subgroup includes four heat collectors 3. A whole group of the plurality of heat collectors 3 over a plurality of blocks is referred to as a “heat collector group”. The whole visible in FIG. 3 corresponds to the heat collector group 20. The heat collector group 20 includes heat collector subgroups 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25.

  Solar heat utilization apparatus 101 in the present embodiment includes a heat collector group 20 including a plurality of vacuum tube solar heat collectors 3 to be arranged along the ridgeline or edge of roof 1 of a building, and the season of solar radiation conditions. The control part 31 for adjusting the state of the heat collector group 20 by the change by the change or the time slot | zone in one day is provided. The connection between the heat collector group 20 and the control unit 31 is conceptually shown, and is not limited to this. In FIG. 1, the installation location of the control unit 31 is conceptually illustrated, and is not necessarily illustrated. In FIG. 1, the roof 1 is also displayed when the solar heat utilization apparatus 101 is displayed, but the roof 1 itself is not included in the solar heat utilization apparatus 101.

  A direction 91 represents a direction of change in solar radiation according to the season, and a direction 92 represents a direction of change in solar radiation according to a time zone in the day. These directions 91 and 92 are merely examples. In this example, the longitudinal direction of the roof 1 happens to coincide with the direction 92 of the change in solar radiation according to the time of day. However, in implementing the present invention, the shape, size ratio, and extension of the roof 1 are the same. The present direction is not limited to the illustrated example.

(Action / Effect)
In the solar heat utilization apparatus 101 in the present embodiment, the heat collector group 20 is arranged not along the center of the surface of the roof 1 but along the ridgeline or edge, so that it can be separated from the existing system. . Conventionally, when arranged along a ridgeline or an edge, the sunshine condition tends to be worse in the conventional case, but in the solar heat utilization apparatus 101 in the present embodiment, the control unit 31 collects according to the change in the solar radiation condition. Since the state of the heater group 20 is adjusted, it can be operated efficiently.

  In the present embodiment, it is possible to install a solar heat utilization system that suppresses a decrease in operating efficiency as a retrofit without affecting the operation of an existing photovoltaic power generation system. Moreover, it is possible to easily install the solar power generation system and the solar heat utilization system simultaneously on one roof. In the present embodiment, existing facilities can be used effectively.

  Preferably, the heat collector group 20 is classified into a plurality of heat collector subgroups 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 including one or more vacuum tube type solar heat collectors 3 arranged adjacent to each other. The control unit 31 includes a flow rate control unit 32 for changing the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through each of the heat collector subgroups 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25. By adopting this configuration, the heat collector group can be controlled smoothly by manipulating the flow rate of the heat medium.

  The structure of one heat collector 3 included in the heat collector group 20 is shown in FIG. A bowl-shaped light collecting plate 6 is disposed on one vacuum tube 4 through a light collecting plate support 5. The light collector 6 is attached to collect solar heat in the vacuum tube 4. The light collecting plate support 5 has a structure that can rotate around the vacuum tube 4. The light collector support 5 can be rotated by the operation of the rotating body 8 connected to the drive unit 7. A heat medium conduit 10 is drawn out from the vacuum tube 4 and the heat medium is circulated with a heat exchange device (not shown). The conduit 10 has a structure that can be connected to the conduits 10 of other vacuum tubes 4 on both sides of the vacuum tube 4. The solar heat utilization apparatus 101 includes, for example, a small solar cell 11 as a means for detecting solar radiation intensity. The solar cell 11 outputs the solar radiation intensity with respect to the heat collector 3 according to the amount of power generation. In this example, the solar cells 11 as the solar radiation intensity detecting means are arranged at one corner of the light collector 6, but it is not necessary to arrange the solar cells 11 one by one in every vacuum tube type solar heat collector 3. It can be simplified by a method such as assigning a common solar cell 11 to a plurality of collectors 3 belonging to the same collector subgroup.

  Conversely, a plurality of solar cells 11 may be installed for one heat collector 3. When installing a plurality of solar cells 11 for one heat collector 3, they may be installed in different directions. If a plurality of solar cells 11 are installed in different directions, it is possible to determine which direction of solar radiation intensity is the strongest by comparing the power generation amount of the solar cells 11 in each direction. The state of the heat collector group can be adjusted efficiently.

  As described above, preferably, in the solar heat utilization apparatus 101, each of the plurality of vacuum tube type solar heat collectors 3 included in the heat collector group 20 is formed into a vacuum tube 4 and a bowl shape surrounding the vacuum tube 4 to form a vacuum tube. 4 and a light collecting plate 6 extending in parallel. By adopting this configuration, sunlight can be concentrated on the vacuum tube by the light collector, and the vacuum tube can efficiently collect heat.

  Furthermore, as described above with reference to FIG. 4, it is preferable that the light collector 6 is supported so as to be rotatable around the vacuum tube 4. By adopting this configuration, it is possible to cope with a change in the incident angle of sunlight as will be described later.

  Furthermore, as described above, it is preferable to include the drive unit 7 for rotating the light collector 6 around the vacuum tube 4. The drive unit 7 may be a motor, for example. This is because, by adopting this configuration, rotation for responding to changes in the incident angle of sunlight becomes easy. Teeth for transmitting rotation to the light collector 6 may be formed on the outer periphery of the rotating body 8 rotated by the driving unit 7. Concavities and convexities for meshing with the rotating body 8 may be formed on the outer surface of the light collector 6 in contact with the rotating body 8.

(Change in incident angle)
Since the incident angle of sunlight changes depending on the season and time zone, the amount of heat obtained by the heat collector also changes. Moreover, the case where the roof of a building is not directly facing sunlight is also considered. In order to collect heat optimally according to the situation, the angle is adjusted by rotating the light collector of the heat collector. Angle adjustment is performed in units of small heat collectors according to the installation conditions.

  For example, the height of the sun changes depending on the season. Such a seasonal change in solar radiation height occurs in the direction 91 in FIG. 1, and therefore it is preferable to rotate the collector plates of the collector subgroups 21, 23, 24 for adjustment. In the season when the sun is low, the light collector 6 may be in a posture that is easy to receive sunlight incident from a low place. In the season when the sun is high, the light collector 6 is easy to receive sunlight incident from a high place. It may be a posture.

  The direction in which the sun exists changes depending on the time of day. Since such a change in the direction of solar radiation occurs in the direction 92 in FIG. 1, it is preferable to rotate the light collecting plates of the heat collector subgroups 22 and 25 for adjustment.

  The solar heat utilization device 101 includes a solar radiation intensity detection unit for detecting and outputting the solar radiation intensity, and the control unit 31 changes the posture of the light collector 6 by the drive unit 7 in accordance with the output of the solar radiation intensity detection unit. It is preferable to include a light collecting plate control unit 33 for the purpose. The solar radiation intensity detector is, for example, the solar battery 11 as described above. The light collector control unit 33 controls the operation state of the drive unit 7 in each heat collector. As described above, if the driving unit 7 includes the light collecting plate control unit 33 for changing the posture of the light collecting plate 6 in accordance with the output of the solar radiation intensity detecting unit, the solar heat utilization apparatus 101 is incident with actual solar radiation. Since the light collector 6 can be changed to an appropriate posture according to the situation, it is possible to drive efficiently.

(Distribution of heat medium)
Since the plurality of heat collectors 3 belonging to the heat collector group 20 have different heat collection environments, the heat collection efficiency of the entire system may be lowered depending on the solar radiation conditions in a state where the heat medium is constantly flowing. . In order to prevent this, it is preferable to adjust the circulation of the heat medium used for each heat collector 3. FIG. 5 shows a configuration example of a conduit and a control input / output for circulating the heat medium to each block. In this example, three heat collectors 3 form one block 28. The “block 28” corresponds to the “heat collector subgroup” described above. In this solar heat utilization apparatus, a plurality of blocks 28 numbered # 1, # 2, # 3,..., #N are arranged. Each block 28 is connected to conduits 10a and 10b for heat medium. The solar radiation measurement result 14 is output from each block 28. The light collecting plate control signal 15 is input to each block 28. The heat medium flows into each block 28 via the conduit 10a. The heat medium that has obtained solar heat with the vacuum tube 4 provided inside the heat collector 3 of each block 28 leaves the block 28 via the conduit 10b and flows to a heat exchange section (not shown). Heat exchange is performed in the heat exchange section.

  FIG. 6 shows a configuration example of the control unit 31 connected to each block 28 of the heat collector 3 shown in FIG. The solar radiation amount measurement result 14 output from each block 28 is taken into the solar radiation amount comparison unit 34. The solar radiation amount comparison unit 34 compares the received solar radiation amount measurement result 14 with a preset reference value. The comparison in the solar radiation amount comparison unit 34 may be a comparison between the received plural solar radiation amount measurement results 14 instead of the comparison with the reference value. The comparison result is sent to the light collector control unit 33 and the flow rate control unit 32. The comparison result is converted into a signal for adjusting the angle of the light collecting plate in the light collecting plate control unit 33, and the number of light collecting plate control signals 15 corresponding to the number of blocks 28 is output. These light collector control signals 15 are distributed and connected to each block 28. Moreover, in the flow control part 32, the heat medium flow volume distribute | circulating to each block is adjusted with the result of a comparison. The number of conduits 10 a corresponding to the number of blocks 28 is prepared and connected to the blocks 28.

  In general, ridgelines and edge portions of a roofing material of a house are often made of parts different from the roof surface portion. By installing the heat collector 3 at such a ridgeline or edge portion, it is easy to integrate with the roofing material. In the present invention, the heat collector 3 that has been mainly installed on the roof surface on the south side so far has been arranged on the ridge line or edge portion other than the south side and can be adjusted, so that it has been difficult to install until now. Even in a building such as a building where a part of the roof is shaded by an adjacent building, it is easy to secure the amount of heat collection.

  As a solar heat utilization apparatus, it is provided with the solar radiation intensity detection part for detecting and outputting solar radiation intensity | strength, and the flow volume control part 32 according to the output of a solar radiation intensity detection part, the collector subgroup 21, 22, 23, It is preferable to change the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through each of 24 and 25. The solar radiation intensity detector is, for example, the solar battery 11 as described above. As described above, if the flow rate control unit 32 changes the flow rate of the heat medium according to the output of the solar radiation intensity detection unit, the solar heat utilization device 101 has the incident state of actual solar radiation of each heat collector subgroup. Therefore, the flow rate of the heat medium to each heat collector subgroup can be adjusted, for example, by supplying a large flow rate to the heat collector subgroup where a large amount of heat is obtained, for example, as a whole It is possible to drive efficiently.

  As a solar heat utilization apparatus, it is provided with the solar radiation intensity detection part for detecting and outputting solar radiation intensity | strength, and the flow volume control part 32 according to the output of a solar radiation intensity detection part, the collector subgroup 21, 22, 23, In addition to changing the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through each of 24 and 25, the control unit 31 changes the attitude of the light collector 6 by the drive unit 7 in accordance with the output of the solar radiation intensity detection unit. It is preferable to include a light collecting plate control unit 33 for the purpose. By adopting this configuration, the flow rate of the heat medium to each heat collector subgroup is adjusted according to the actual incident state of solar radiation of each heat collector subgroup, and the posture of the light collector 6 is changed. Therefore, the state of each of the heat collector subgroups belonging to the heat collector group can be brought close to the optimum state, and the operation can be efficiently performed as a whole.

  In summary, in the solar heat utilization apparatus 101, the heat collector group 20 is classified into a plurality of heat collector subgroups including one or more vacuum tube solar heat collectors 3 arranged adjacent to each other. Each of the vacuum tube type solar heat collectors 3 included in the heat collector group 20 includes a vacuum tube 4 and a light collector 6 that is formed in a bowl shape surrounding the vacuum tube 4 and extends in parallel with the vacuum tube 4. And a drive unit 7 for rotating the light collecting plate 6 around the vacuum tube 4, and among the plurality of heat collector subgroups, heat collection extending in a direction intersecting with the direction 91 of change in solar radiation depending on the season In the small unit groups 21, 23, and 24, it is preferable to include a light collector control unit 33 for increasing the solar heat applied to the vacuum tube 4 by rotating the light collector 6 using the drive unit 7.

  By adopting this configuration, it is possible to rotate the light collecting plate appropriately to provide as much solar heat as possible to the vacuum tubes of each heat collector, regardless of the change in solar radiation due to the season, so that it is possible to operate efficiently as a whole. it can.

  Alternatively, in another way, in the solar heat utilization apparatus 101, the heat collector group 20 includes a plurality of heat collector subgroups including one or more vacuum tube solar heat collectors 3 arranged adjacent to each other. Each of the vacuum tube solar collectors 3 included in the collector group 20 includes a vacuum tube 4 and a light collector that is formed in a bowl shape surrounding the vacuum tube 4 and extends in parallel with the vacuum tube 4. 6 and a drive unit 7 for rotating the light collector 6 around the vacuum tube 4, and among the plurality of heat collector subgroups, the direction 92 of the change in solar radiation according to the time zone in the day In the collector subgroups 22 and 25 extending in the direction intersecting with the light collector, a condensing plate control unit 33 for increasing the solar heat applied to the vacuum tube 4 by changing the posture of the condensing plate 6 using the driving unit 7 is provided. It is preferable to provide.

  By adopting this configuration, as much solar heat as possible can be given to the vacuum tubes of each collector by rotating the light collecting plate as appropriate regardless of changes in solar radiation due to the time of day. It is possible to drive efficiently.

(Modification)
With reference to FIG. 7, the solar heat utilization apparatus 102 which is a modification of the solar heat utilization apparatus in this Embodiment is demonstrated. In this example, the roof 1e is a deformed roof that looks hexagonal when viewed from above. The photovoltaic power generation unit 2 has already been installed so as to cover the center of one of the six surfaces of the roof 1e. As the solar heat utilization apparatus 102, the vacuum tube type solar heat collector 3 is arranged on all the ridgelines and edge portions. The arranged heat collectors are divided into blocks every fixed number. In this case, three heat collectors are made into one block. In the example shown in FIG. 7, a total of 13 blocks are arranged. Each block corresponds to a collector subgroup. Each collector 3 may not be as large as illustrated. The heat collector, the heat collector small group, and the heat collector group can be manufactured so as to be harmonized with building materials such as a roof.

  In each of the above examples, an example in which the roof is a dormitory structure is shown, but other types of roofs may be used.

  In each of the above examples, it is assumed that each of the individual collectors has the same shape and the same size. However, there are different shapes of collectors and sizes in one sub-collector group. Different heat collectors may be mixed. One heat collector group 20 may be mixed with small heat collector groups having different conditions.

  In addition, the said embodiment disclosed this time is an illustration in all the points, Comprising: It is not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and includes all modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

  1,1e Roof, 2 Solar power generation unit, 3 Vacuum tube solar collector (collector), 4 Vacuum tube, 5 Light collector support, 6 Light collector, 7 Drive, 8 Rotator, 10, 10a, 10b Conduit, 11 Solar cell, 14 Solar radiation measurement result, 15 Light collector control signal, 20 Heat collector group, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 Heat collector small group, 28 blocks, 31 Control unit, 32 Flow rate control unit , 33 Light collector control unit, 34 Solar radiation amount comparison unit, 91 (change in solar radiation due to season) direction, 92 (change in solar radiation due to time zone in one day), 101, 102 Solar heat utilization device.

Claims (10)

A collector group comprising a plurality of vacuum tube solar collectors for placement along a ridge or edge of a building roof;
A solar heat utilization apparatus provided with the control part for adjusting the state of the said heat collector group by the change by the season of a solar radiation condition, or the change by the time slot | zone in one day. The collector group can be classified into a plurality of collector subgroups including one or more vacuum tube solar collectors arranged adjacent to each other,
The solar control device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit includes a flow rate control unit for changing a flow rate of the heat medium flowing through each of the heat collector subgroups.   Each of the plurality of vacuum tube solar collectors included in the heat collector group includes a vacuum tube and a light collector plate that is formed in a bowl shape surrounding the vacuum tube and extends in parallel with the vacuum tube. The solar heat utilization apparatus of 1 or 2.   The solar heat utilization apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the light collector is supported so as to be rotatable about the vacuum tube.   The solar-heat utilization apparatus of Claim 4 provided with the drive part for rotating the said light-condensing plate centering | focusing on the said vacuum tube. It has a solar radiation intensity detector for detecting and outputting solar radiation intensity,
The solar heat utilization apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the control unit includes a light collecting plate control unit for changing a posture of the light collecting plate by the driving unit according to an output of the solar radiation intensity detecting unit. It has a solar radiation intensity detector for detecting and outputting solar radiation intensity,
The solar heat utilization apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the flow rate control unit is for changing the flow rate according to an output of the solar radiation intensity detection unit.   The solar control device according to claim 7, wherein the control unit includes a light collecting plate control unit for changing a posture of the light collecting plate by the drive unit according to an output of the solar radiation intensity detecting unit. The collector group can be classified into a plurality of collector subgroups including one or more vacuum tube solar collectors arranged adjacent to each other,
Each of the vacuum tube type solar heat collectors included in the heat collector group includes a vacuum tube, a light collecting plate formed in a bowl shape surrounding the vacuum tube and extending in parallel with the vacuum tube, and the vacuum tube as a center. A drive unit for rotating the light collector;
Among the plurality of heat collector subgroups, in the heat collector subgroup extending in a direction intersecting with the direction of change of solar radiation according to the season, the light collecting plate is rotated by using the driving unit and applied to the vacuum tube. The solar-heat utilization apparatus of Claim 1 provided with the light-condensing plate control part for increasing the solar heat produced. The collector group can be classified into a plurality of collector subgroups including one or more vacuum tube solar collectors arranged adjacent to each other,
Each of the vacuum tube type solar heat collectors included in the heat collector group includes a vacuum tube, a light collecting plate formed in a bowl shape surrounding the vacuum tube and extending in parallel with the vacuum tube, and the vacuum tube as a center. A drive unit for rotating the light collector;
In the heat collector subgroup extending in a direction intersecting with the direction of change of solar radiation according to the time zone in the day among the plurality of heat collector subgroups, the attitude of the light collector plate using the drive unit The solar-heat utilization apparatus of Claim 1 provided with the light-condensing plate control part for increasing the solar heat given to the said vacuum tube by changing.

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