JP2011123442A - Method of processing cylindrical body, and method of manufacturing cylindrical electrophotographic photoreceptor having roughened outer peripheral surface - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of processing a cylindrical body where the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body is roughened by spraying powder for roughening, the powder for roughening adhering to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body is sufficiently removed, and adhesion of the powder for roughening to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body is suppressed. <P>SOLUTION: This method of processing the cylindrical body sequentially includes a cylindrical body outer peripheral surface roughening process of roughening the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body by spraying the powder for roughening to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body, and a powder-for-roughening removing process of removing the powder for roughening adhering to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body by supplying gas at a predetermined supply flow rate through one opening of the cylindrical body into the cylindrical body and by exhausting the gas at an exhaust flow rate equivalent to or higher than the supply flow rate through the other opening of the cylindrical body from the inside the cylindrical body. The exhausting of the gas from the inside the cylindrical body is performed by bringing a slope inside a funnel-shaped member into contact with the other opening of the cylindrical body. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for processing an outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical body and a method for manufacturing an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a rough outer peripheral surface.

  As a method for roughening the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body, a dry blasting method (sand blasting method) in which a powder for roughening such as iron, sand or glass is sprayed on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body, or a roughening powder is used. There is a wet honing method (liquid honing method) in which a uniformly dispersed liquid is sprayed on the outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical body using compressed air.

  Examples of the cylindrical body whose outer peripheral surface is roughened include a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member and its cylindrical support. The roughening of the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member is performed, for example, for the purpose of improving toner transferability, improving cleaning properties, and removing the photosensitive layer. Further, the roughening of the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical support is performed for the purpose of, for example, reducing interference fringes and improving adhesion with a layer formed on the outer peripheral surface. Further, the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve may be roughened for the purpose of improving the developer carrying property and transportability.

  However, when the roughening powder is sprayed to roughen the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body, the roughening powder goes to the inside of the cylindrical body where it is not necessary, and reaches the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body. May stick. If the cylindrical body is used without removing the roughening powder adhering to the inner peripheral surface, when any member is pressed into the opening of the cylindrical body, the roughened surface adhering in the vicinity of the inner peripheral surface opening. Depending on the powder used, the accuracy of press fitting may be deteriorated. Further, when the roughening powder attached in the vicinity of the opening on the inner peripheral surface is broken, it may adhere to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body. Then, when the cylindrical body is a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member or a cylindrical support thereof, the output image may have defects such as black spots, density unevenness or black stripes derived from the surface roughening powder. In addition, even when the cylindrical body is a developing sleeve, the output image may have defects such as black spots or density unevenness derived from the powder for roughening.

  Therefore, after the roughening powder is sprayed to roughen the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body, it is necessary to remove the roughening powder attached to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body. In Patent Documents 1 to 3, the surface-roughening powder (polishing agent) attached to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body is removed, or the surface-roughening powder (polishing agent) on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body is disclosed. ) Has been disclosed.

JP 2004-246124 A JP 2006-235108 A JP 2007-072179 A

  However, the present inventors have studied to remove the roughening powder adhering to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body after spraying the roughening powder to roughen the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body. However, the surface roughening powder may adhere to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body during the removal. Further, the roughening powder attached to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body is not sufficiently removed, and later, the roughening powder attached to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body becomes the outer periphery of the cylindrical body. Sometimes it adhered to the surface. Therefore, when such a cylindrical body is used as a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member or its cylindrical support or developing sleeve, black spots and density derived from the roughening powder adhered to the outer peripheral surface in the output image. An irregularity occurred.

  The purpose of the present invention is to roughen the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body by spraying the roughening powder, and then the roughening powder attached to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body is sufficiently removed, An object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating a cylindrical body in which adhesion of the powder for roughening to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body is suppressed.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member having a roughened outer peripheral surface using the above-described cylindrical processing method.

  The present invention relates to a cylindrical outer peripheral surface roughening step in which a powder for roughening is sprayed on an outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical body to roughen the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body, and one opening of the cylindrical body The gas is supplied from the inside of the cylindrical body at a predetermined supply flow rate, and the gas is exhausted from the inside of the cylindrical body at an exhaust flow rate equal to or greater than the supply flow rate from the other opening of the cylindrical body. A roughening powder removing step for removing the roughening powder adhered to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body in this order, and exhausting the gas from the inside of the cylindrical body, The cylindrical body processing method is characterized in that it is carried out by bringing the inner opening of the funnel-shaped member into contact with the other opening of the cylindrical body.

  Further, the present invention is characterized in that a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member having a roughened outer peripheral surface is obtained by processing the cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member before the outer peripheral surface is roughened by the above processing method. Is a method for producing a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member having a roughened outer peripheral surface.

  According to the present invention, after the roughening powder is sprayed to roughen the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body, the roughening powder attached to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body is sufficiently removed, It is possible to provide a method for treating a cylindrical body in which adhesion of the roughening powder to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body is suppressed.

It is a figure which shows an example of the apparatus for removing the powder for roughening adhering to the internal peripheral surface of a cylindrical body. It is a figure which shows the example of a cylindrical body holding member. It is an enlarged view of a cylindrical body holding member. It is a figure which shows the outline of the surface shape of a cylindrical body holding member. It is a figure which shows another example of the apparatus for removing the powder for roughening adhering to the internal peripheral surface of a cylindrical body. It is a figure for demonstrating a cylindrical body outer peripheral surface roughening process. It is a figure for demonstrating the process of removing the powder for roughening which adhered to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body.

  FIG. 1 shows an example of an apparatus (roughening powder removing apparatus) for removing roughening powder attached to the inner peripheral surface of a cylindrical body that can be used in the present invention.

  In FIG. 1, the gas supply device 6 and the powder sprayer 2 communicate with each other through a pipe 4. The powder sprayer 2 is a cylinder for supplying a gas (roughening powder removing gas) for removing the roughening powder adhering to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 1 at a predetermined supply flow rate. This is for supplying the inside of the cylindrical body 1 from one opening (the opening on the supply side) of the body 1. A regulator 5 is disposed in the middle of the pipe 4 so that the gas supply flow rate can be adjusted.

  In the present invention, the gas from the inside of the cylindrical body is exhausted by bringing the inner slope of the funnel-shaped member into contact with the other opening (exhaust side opening) of the cylindrical body. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the roughening powder coming out from the opening on the exhaust side of the cylindrical body from adhering to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body. In the powder removing apparatus for roughening in FIG. 1, the funnel-shaped member also serves as a member for holding the cylindrical body 1 (cylindrical holding member 3). What is the funnel-shaped member? Another member for holding the cylindrical body may be provided.

  When the configuration shown in FIG. 1 is adopted, the inner diameter α of the portion (funnel-shaped constricted portion) connected to the pipe 7 of the funnel-shaped cylindrical body holding member 3 is equal to the inner diameter of the cylindrical body 1. In this case, it is preferable to satisfy the relationship β / 3 ≦ α <β. When α is less than β / 3, the pressure loss increases, so the exhaust flow rate decreases, and the surface of the cylindrical body holding member 3 is roughened by the inclined surface (c in FIG. 2) and the sealed space of the cylindrical body 1. The powder stays and is easily reattached to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 1.

  The cylindrical body holding member 3 communicates with a gas exhaust device (dust collector) 9 through a pipe 7. A valve 8 is arranged in the middle of the pipe 7 so that the exhaust flow rate of the gas for removing the powder for roughening can be adjusted.

  As the gas for removing the powder for roughening, air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and the like are preferable.

  Further, in the present invention, a removing powder composed of particles obtained by solidifying a gas substance under normal temperature and normal pressure (hereinafter also referred to as “gas solidified particles”) is mixed with a roughening powder removing gas, The removal powder may collide with the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body to promote the removal of the roughening powder attached to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body. Examples of the gas-solidified particles for the removing powder include dry ice particles, naphthalene particles, and iodine particles. Moreover, it is preferable that the average particle diameter of the gas solidification particle for powder for removal is 10-60 micrometers. This average particle diameter is measured in the same manner as the average particle diameter of the abrasive particles used in the cylindrical outer peripheral surface roughening step. The amount of the gas solidified particles used may be adjusted so as to exhibit a sufficient roughening powder removing action and not to cause damage to the cylindrical body.

  In the pipe 4, between the gas supply device 6 and the regulator 5, an air filter for removing foreign substances, water droplets, oil mist, etc. in the roughening powder removing gas, or roughening powder. You may provide the dehumidifier which removes the water | moisture content in the gas for removal.

  The regulator 5 adjusts the pressure of the gas for removing the surface-roughening powder and adjusts the supply flow rate thereof, and may be one that also serves as the above-described air filter or dehumidifier. The pressure of the gas for removing the roughening powder is preferably 0.05 to 0.8 MPa.

  As the powder sprayer 2, it is preferable to use an air gun, an air duster, or a duster gun. Commercially available powder sprayers include, for example, TD series, MAG series manufactured by Trusco Nakayama Co., Ltd., AD series manufactured by Vessel Co., JOPRAX 2 manufactured by JOPRAX, and Maeda Shell Service Co., Ltd. Excel Jun Air Gun, K series manufactured by Kinki Seisakusho Co., Ltd., AG series manufactured by Anest Iwata Co., Ltd., and the like.

  The diameter of the nozzle of the powder sprayer 2 is preferably 0.5 to 40 mm, and more preferably 1 to 5 mm.

  Further, since the roughening powder adhering to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body is mainly charged and adhered, it is preferable to use a neutralized gas as the roughening powder removing gas. The neutralized gas can be supplied to the inside of the cylindrical body using, for example, a neutralizing blower, a neutralizing gun, or an ionizer. Examples of such commercially available products include SJ-M series manufactured by Keyence Corporation, ion focus manufactured by Simco Japan Co., Ltd., TN2 / TN2R, Top Gun 3, Ioflow Gun, Air Gun ES, Air Gun HBA, Harada Sangyo Co., Ltd. ) Air Force Ion Gun Z-STAT 6115, Explosion-proof Photoionizer L9499, OM1 KS1, G-7 Vessel, Ionizer Blow Type, Gun Type, Hugle Model 306, 307, 3080, 312A, 311A, 3000D, and 3000T manufactured by Electrotronics Co., Ltd. , L9499, C9991 and the like. There is a corona discharge type in which ions are generated by applying a high voltage to a discharge needle. There is also a method of generating ions with soft X-rays.

  Examples of the valve 8 include a gate valve, a globe valve, a ball valve, a butterfly valve, and a needle valve. Among these, a butterfly valve and a gate valve are preferable. Commercially available valves include, for example, rubber seat butterfly valves, knife gate valves manufactured by OKM Co., Ltd., butterfly valves TG series, VF series, HP series, MS series, Toyo valves manufactured by Showa Valve Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Butterfly valve L-long butter, high flow, etc.

  As the gas exhaust device 9, it is preferable to use a dust collector because the roughening powder is mixed in the exhausted gas for removing the roughening powder. Commercially available gas exhaust devices (dust collectors) include, for example, Amano Co., Ltd. VNA series, IS-15, PiE series, VN-SD series, Murakoshi HM series, UM series, HMP series, Examples include Dust Racer (CFM type) manufactured by Showa Denki Co., Ltd., Dasmic (R) FXN series, FXB series manufactured by Shinto Kogyo Co., Ltd., and the like.

In the present invention, the exhaust flow rate needs to be equal to or greater than the above-described supply flow rate. When the exhaust gas flow rate is less than the same as the supply flow rate, the roughening powder stays in a sealed space between the funnel-shaped member and the cylindrical body, and easily adheres to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body. The exhaust flow is preferably 2~30m ² / min, more preferably 5 to 15 m ² / min.

  Examples of the shape of the funnel-shaped cylindrical holding member are shown in FIGS.

  The cylindrical body holding member in FIG. 2 is a funnel-shaped member. If the opening of the cylindrical body 1 is brought into contact with the inclined surface c inside the funnel-shaped cylindrical body holding member and the cylindrical body 1 is held, the roughening powder is hardly broken in this contacted area. Further, when removing the roughening powder adhering to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body, it is difficult for the roughening powder to come out on the outer peripheral surface side of the cylindrical body 1. Further, the roughening powder that has come out of the inside of the cylindrical body 1 is unlikely to adhere to the inclined surface c and is directed to the exhaust port a, so that the roughening powder is re-applied to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 1. Hard to adhere.

  The angle θ1 of the inclined surface c of the funnel-shaped cylindrical body holding member may be 30 ° or more in consideration of rolling the roughening powder that has come out of the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 1 on the inclined surface c. preferable.

  In consideration of rolling the roughening powder coming out of the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body on the inclined surface c, the ten-point average roughness Rz of the inclined surface c is preferably 1 μm or less. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the slope c. By smoothing the tip of the convex portion in FIG. 4, the roughening powder is more likely to roll on the slope c. Further, a lubricant may be applied to the slope c, or the slope c itself may be formed of a lubricious material or a material added with a lubricious substance. Examples of the lubricant include a fluorine-based coating agent and a silicon-based coating agent. Examples of the lubricating substance to be added include graphite, molybdenum disulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and tetrafluoroethylene / ethylene copolymer. Examples thereof include polymers, polyvinylidene fluoride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, fluorinated graphite, boron nitride, tungsten disulfide, and melamine cyanurate. In addition, the friction coefficient of the inclined surface c is preferably 0.8 or less, and more preferably 0.5 or less.

  FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a location where the opening of the cylindrical body 1 (exhaust side opening) and the funnel-shaped cylindrical body holding member 3 are in contact with each other. Chamfering is performed on the outer peripheral surface side of the end face of the opening of the cylindrical body 1 at an angle θ2. In order to reduce the breakage of the roughening powder adhered to the cylindrical body 1, the relationship between the angle θ2 and the angle θ1 of the inclined surface of the cylindrical body holding member 3 is preferably θ1 ≧ θ2.

  In the present invention, the gas supply flow rate is measured as follows.

  First, a cylindrical body 1 having a hole that extends from the outer peripheral surface to the inner peripheral surface is prepared and installed on the cylindrical body holding member 3. Next, the cylindrical body holding member 3 and the pipe 7 are separated. An anemometer probe is inserted into a hole drilled in the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 1 and placed in the center of the cylindrical body 1. Next, gas is supplied from the powder sprayer 2 and the gas supply flow rate is measured.

  In the present invention, the measurement of the exhaust flow rate of the gas for removing the powder for roughening is performed as follows.

  First, a hole is opened at a position between the valve 8 of the pipe 7 and the gas exhaust device 9. Next, without supplying gas, the anemometer probe is inserted into the hole formed in the pipe 7. Next, the gas exhaust device 9 is operated to measure the gas exhaust flow rate.

  Examples of commercially available anemometers include Testo 405-V1, testo 416, testo 425, testo 445, testo 400, testo 454 manufactured by Testo Co., Ltd., and the like. Moreover, VelociCalc Model 9535/9545/9555, VelociCalc Model 9515/9525, CW-60 manufactured by CUSTOM, DP-70 series, DP-90 series manufactured by Hiyoshi Electric Manufacturing Co., Ltd., and the like are listed. It is done.

  FIG. 5 shows another example of a device (roughening powder removing device) for removing the roughening powder adhering to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body. Except for the cylindrical body 1, the cylindrical body holding member 3, and the cylindrical body holding member 9, the illustration is omitted because it is the same as the powder removing apparatus for roughening in FIG. In FIG. 5, 1 is a cylindrical body, a is an exhaust port, a 'is an intake port, and c and c' are slopes. 5, the funnel-shaped cylindrical holding member (cylindrical holding member 9) contacts not only the exhaust-side opening of the cylindrical body 1 but also the supply-side opening. Are arranged. The inner diameter α of the portion (the funnel-shaped constricted portion) connected to the pipe 7 of the cylindrical body holding member 3 and the inner diameter α of the portion (the funnel-shaped constricted portion) connected to the pipe 4 of the cylindrical body holding member 9. The relationship with “is preferably α ′ ≦ α. When α ′ is larger than α, the roughening powder is difficult to remove quickly, and the roughening powder stays inside the cylindrical body 1 and easily reattaches to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 1. Become.

  The preferable relationship between the angle of the inclined surface of the funnel-shaped cylindrical body holding member 9 and the angle of chamfering on the outer peripheral surface side of the end surface of the cylindrical body 1 is the angle θ1 of the inclined surface of the funnel-shaped cylindrical body holding member 3 and the cylindrical body. This is the same as the relationship with the chamfering angle θ2 on the outer peripheral surface side of the end face of 1.

  Next, a cylinder outer peripheral surface roughening step for roughening the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body by spraying the roughening powder on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body will be described.

  The surface roughening method performed by spraying the surface roughening powder is sometimes called a dry blast method or a wet honing method. Among these, the dry blast method is preferable because it is not necessary to use a liquid such as water.

  Examples of the dry blasting method include a method of injecting a surface-roughening powder made of abrasive particles with compressed air, and a method of injecting with a motor as power. In order to precisely roughen the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body and simplify the equipment, a method of spraying the roughening powder with compressed air is preferable.

  Examples of the material of the abrasive particles for the surface-roughening powder include ceramics such as aluminum oxide, zirconia, silicon carbide, and glass, metals such as stainless steel, iron, and zinc, polyamides, polycarbonates, epoxies, and polyesters. Resin. Among these, glass, aluminum oxide, and zirconia are preferable in terms of roughening efficiency and cost.

  The average particle size in the volume-based particle size distribution of the abrasive particles contained in the roughening powder is preferably 10 to 60 μm. If the average particle size is less than 10 μm, the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body may not be sufficiently roughened because the collision energy is small even if it is ejected at the ejection pressure of a general dry blast method. is there. On the other hand, when the average particle diameter exceeds 60 μm, it tends to be difficult to control the interval (Sm) between the irregularities on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body.

  Of the abrasive particles contained in the roughening powder, the average circularity of abrasive particles having an average particle size of 10 μm or more in the volume-based particle size distribution is preferably 0.900 or more, and preferably 0.950 or more. It is more preferable. The average circularity is an index indicating the degree of unevenness of the abrasive particles, and is 1.000 when the abrasive particles are completely spherical, and becomes a smaller value as the surface shape of the abrasive particles becomes more complicated.

  In the present invention, the average circularity, average particle diameter, mode diameter, and particle size distribution of the abrasive particles are based on the volume-based particle size distribution. These can be measured by various methods, but in the present invention, they were measured using a flow type particle image analyzer (trade name: FPIA-2100) manufactured by Sysmex Corporation.

  A specific measurement procedure will be described below.

  To the water (100 to 150 ml) from which impurities in the container have been removed, 0.1 to 0.5 ml of a surfactant (preferably alkylbenzene sulfonate) is added as a dispersant, and further 0.1 to 0. Add about 5g.

  The obtained suspension is irradiated with ultrasonic waves (50 kHz, 120 W) for 1 to 3 minutes to obtain a measurement solution in which the concentration of the dispersion is adjusted to 1 to 220,000 pieces / μl.

  The obtained measurement solution was set in the flow type particle image measuring apparatus, and the average of particles having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.6 to 400 μm (10.05 μm or more and less than 100.48 μm in the measurement of average circularity) The particle size, mode diameter, particle size distribution, and circularity are measured.

  The circularity of the abrasive particles is determined by the following formula (1).

Circularity a = L ₀ / L (1)
[Where L ₀ represents the circumference of a circle having the same projected area as the particle image, and L represents the particle image when image processing is performed with an image processing resolution of 512 × 512 (pixels of 0.3 μm × 0.3 μm). The perimeter of is shown. ]
The above-mentioned “512 × 512 image processing resolution (0.3 μm × 0.3 μm pixel)” means that 512 pixels of 0.3 μm square are arranged as a visual field for measurement.

  The average circularity of the abrasive particles is obtained by dividing the total circularity of all measured particles by the total number of particles, as shown by the following formula (2).

[Wherein the circularity of each particle is a _i and the number of measured particles is m. ]
In addition, in the measuring apparatus “FPIA-2100” used in the present invention, each particle having a calculated circularity is 0.020 in a range of a circularity of 0.4 to 1.0 according to the calculated circularity. The class is divided into classes (226 classes) divided in increments. Then, the average circularity and the circularity standard deviation are calculated from the center value of the dividing points of each class and the number of particles distributed to the class (this calculation method is referred to as a simple method). According to the simplified method, the calculation time is shortened and the calculation formula is simplified.

  In addition, the error between the average circularity and the circularity standard deviation calculated by the simple method and the average circularity and the circularity standard deviation calculated by the above-described calculation formula that directly uses the circularity of each particle is very small. It is practically negligible.

  Therefore, the average circularity and circularity standard deviation of the abrasive particles may be determined by a simple method.

  The cylindrical outer peripheral surface roughening step in the present invention can be performed using, for example, a blasting apparatus shown in FIG.

  In the blast processing apparatus shown in FIG. 6, abrasive particles stored in a container (not shown) are guided to the nozzle 6-1 through a path 6-4. Further, the compressed air guided through the path 6-3 is jetted from the jet nozzle 6-1. The injected abrasive particles 6-5 collide with the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 6-7. The cylindrical body 6-7 is rotated by being supported by the cylindrical body supporting member 6-6.

  In the apparatus shown in FIG. 6, the distance between the nozzle 6-1 and the cylindrical body 6-7 is controlled by the arms of the nozzle fixing jigs 6-2 and 6-9. The nozzle 6-1 can move in the vertical direction (see arrow). For example, when the nozzle support 6-8 moves in the vertical direction (see arrow) together with the nozzle 6-1, the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 6-7 can be roughened without unevenness.

  When the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body is roughened using the blast processing apparatus shown in FIG. 6, it is preferable that the shortest distance between the nozzle 6-1 and the cylindrical body 6-7 is adjusted appropriately. If the distance is excessively short or long, the processing efficiency may decrease, or the desired roughening may not be performed. It is preferable that the pressure of the compressed air that is the power of injection is also adjusted appropriately. Moreover, since the rotation speed of the rotation of the cylindrical body 6-7 and the moving speed of the nozzle 6-1 are correlated with each other, it is preferable to appropriately adjust so as not to cause uneven surface roughness.

  Further, the condition for roughening the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 6-1 can be appropriately adjusted according to the surface roughness of the outer peripheral surface of the target cylindrical body 6-1.

  Further, after the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 6-7 was roughened, the cylindrical body 6-7 was rotated, and the abrasive particles were not guided to the nozzle 6-1 through the path 6-4 but were guided through the path 6-3. Compressed air is jetted from the jet nozzle 6-1 to the cylindrical body 6-7. The nozzle support member 6-8 moves in the vertical direction (see arrow) together with the nozzle 6-1, thereby removing the abrasive particles (roughening powder) adhering to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 6-7. Can do. In addition, gas supply means 6-12 for jetting gas may be separately provided, and the gas may be jetted toward the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body after the roughening treatment. The gas supply means 6-12 is fixed to the nozzle arm 6-11 and can adjust the distance from the cylindrical body 6-7. The nozzle support member 6-10 moves in the vertical direction (see arrow) together with the gas supply means 6-12 to remove the abrasive particles (roughening powder) adhering to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 6-7. can do. As the gas to be ejected, it is preferable to use a gas that has been neutralized, because the effect of removing the surface-roughening powder is enhanced. Further, since the roughening powder adhering to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 6-7 is mainly charged and adhering, it is preferable to use a neutralized gas as the gas to be injected. The supply of the neutralized gas is the same as that in the case where the roughening powder removing gas is a neutralized gas.

  In addition, after finishing the roughening process of the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 6-7, the abrasive particles are not guided to the nozzle 6-1 through the path 6-4, and the compressed air guided through the path 6-3 is used as the cylindrical body 6-6. 7 may be injected from the injection nozzle 6-1 and gas may be injected from the gas supply means 6-12.

  Note that the roughening powder attached to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body may not be completely removed even in the gas injection process and the electrostatic gas injection process as described above. Therefore, it is preferable to employ a step of removing the surface-roughening powder adhering to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body after finishing the above steps. Examples thereof include, for example, a step of bringing the nonwoven fabric into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body, a step of bringing a brush into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body, and a step of causing the gas solidified particles to collide with the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body. Etc. Among these, the step of bringing the nonwoven fabric into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body is preferable.

  The step of bringing the nonwoven fabric into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body means that the nonwoven fabric is brought into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the roughened cylindrical body (preferably by rubbing) to thereby roughen the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body. This is a step of removing.

  The contact between the nonwoven fabric and the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body is performed, for example, by spraying compressed gas (including compressed air) on the nonwoven fabric and bringing the nonwoven fabric into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body with the pressure. The pressure of the compressed gas received by the nonwoven fabric is preferably adjusted as appropriate so that the nonwoven fabric can adhere to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body. If the pressure of the compressed gas is too low, the adhesiveness is weakened. On the other hand, if the pressure is too high, the nonwoven fabric is shaken, so that the adhesiveness is weakened.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the compressed gas which a nonwoven fabric receives is the gas from which static elimination was carried out. Examples of the gas having a charge eliminating function include ionized air. The supply of the neutralized gas is the same as that in the case where the roughening powder removing gas is a neutralized gas.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the nonwoven fabric and the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body are rubbed by moving (for example, rotating) the cylindrical body in contact between the nonwoven fabric and the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body.

  Moreover, if the contact area of a nonwoven fabric and the outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical body is enlarged, the removal process of the powder for roughening can be made efficient.

  Examples of the material for the nonwoven fabric include polyester, polypropylene, cellulose, rayon, nylon, and a mixture thereof. The nonwoven fabric preferably does not generate dust or fluff.

  Examples of commercially available non-woven fabrics include Toraysee (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.), Alpha 10, Alpha Wiper, Technicru, Technicru II (manufactured by Texwipe), Bencott Super CN, Bencott Free (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation). , Crew (manufactured by Kimberley), Cotton Seagull, Berklin (manufactured by Aion), Microstar AV (manufactured by Loas), Microstar (manufactured by Teijin), Super Alcima (Unitika) )), Sunpact, spik, and the like.

  When the nonwoven fabric is brought into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body, the surface-roughening powder can be more effectively removed by blowing a gas onto the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body. Here, the gas is preferably blown in the tangential direction against the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body other than the contact portion with the nonwoven fabric.

  Furthermore, the step of bringing the nonwoven fabric into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body is preferably performed in a reduced pressure atmosphere. This is because the surface-roughening powder removed from the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body is prevented from reattaching to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body due to flying in the system.

  The step of bringing the nonwoven fabric into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body can be performed using, for example, an apparatus shown in FIG.

  In the apparatus shown in FIG. 7, the removing device is housed in a frame 7-6, and an air suction port 7-7 and an air discharge port 7-8 are arranged. The air suction port 7-7 is provided with a removal member such as a hepa filter so that dust, dust and the like are not mixed. Exhaust from the air outlet 7-8 is performed by a dust collector or the like (not shown), and the roughening powder removed from the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 7-1 flies (turns) in the frame 7-6. It is preferable to avoid this.

  In the apparatus shown in FIG. 7, the cylindrical body 7-1 is rotated in the direction of the illustrated arrow. The nonwoven fabric 7-3 fixed by the nonwoven fabric fixing members 7-4 and 7-4 ′ comes into contact with the cylindrical body 7-1 by the pressure of the air ejected in the direction of the arrow from the static elimination compressed air supply unit 7-5, and the cylinder The roughening powder adhering to the outer peripheral surface of the body is removed.

  Non-woven fabric fixing members 7-4 and 7-4 ′ for fixing the non-woven fabric 7-3 can move in the distance with respect to the cylindrical body 7-1. The contact area with can be controlled. Further, the contact area can also be controlled by adjusting the pressure of the air from the static elimination compressed air supply unit 7-5.

  By the contact between the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 7-1 and the nonwoven fabric 7-3, the roughening powder attached to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 7-1 is removed. The air is preferably assisted by compressed air blown from the compressed air supply units 7-2 and 7-2 ′. The compressed air supply units 7-2 and 7-2 'are rotatable, and the compressed air can be blown to an arbitrary position on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 7-1. In order to effectively assist the removal of the roughening powder, it is preferable to apply compressed air in the tangential direction of the cylindrical body 7-1.

  The pressure of the compressed air supplied from the compressed air supply unit 7-2 is preferably at least 0.05 MPa lower than the pressure of the compressed air supplied from the static elimination compressed air supply unit 7-5. This is to suppress the occurrence of warpage of the nonwoven fabric 7-3 and the occurrence of unevenness in adhesion. Therefore, the pressure of the compressed air supplied from the compressed air supply unit 7-2 is preferably 0.02 to 0.6 MPa, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.45 MPa.

  The inside of the frame 7-6 of the apparatus in operation is preferably set to a negative pressure (a reduced pressure) rather than an atmospheric pressure in order to prevent the removed roughening powder from flying. Therefore, it is preferable that the amount of air discharged from the air discharge port 7-8 is larger than the amount of air supplied by the static elimination compressed air supply unit 7-5 and the compressed air supply units 7-2 and 7-2 '.

  It is preferable that the compressed air supplied from the static elimination compressed air supply unit 7-5 does not twist the nonwoven fabric in order to bring the nonwoven fabric 7-3 into close contact with the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 7-1. Therefore, the pressure of the compressed air supplied from the static elimination compressed air supply unit 7-5 is preferably 0.07 to 0.65 MPa, and more preferably 0.15 to 0.50 MPa.

  When the pressure of the compressed air supplied from the static elimination compressed air supply unit 7-5 is too low, the adhesion between the nonwoven fabric 7-3 and the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 7-1 is weakened, and the nonwoven fabric may be twisted. is there. On the other hand, when the pressure is too high, leakage of compressed air from the end of the nonwoven fabric 7-3 increases, and the adhesion tends to be impaired.

  Moreover, regarding the contact width between the nonwoven fabric 7-3 and the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 7-1 when the nonwoven fabric 7-3 is in close contact with the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 7-1 by compressed air, the nonwoven fabric 7-3 and The larger the contact portion with the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 7-1, the higher the removal effect. The contact width is the contact width of the cylindrical body 7-1 in the rotational direction, that is, the non-woven fabric 7-3 and the cylindrical body 7-1 observed by observing the cylindrical body 7-1 from the upper part in the rotational axis direction. It is the length of a contact part with an outer peripheral surface. However, if the contact width is excessively large, it interferes with the compressed air ejected from the compressed air supply unit 7-2, the adhesion of the nonwoven fabric is impaired, and the roughened surface is removed by contact with the nonwoven fabric 7-3. In some cases, the powder for use adheres to the cylindrical body again.

  Therefore, the contact width is preferably S / 20 to 9S / 20, more preferably S / 10 to S / 3, when the circumferential length Scm of the cylindrical body 7-1 is used.

  In the present invention, it can be determined as follows whether or not the roughening powder adhering to the inner peripheral surface / outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body has been sufficiently removed. That is, after removing the surface roughening powder, the liquid is sprayed onto the cylindrical body, and the liquid that flows down is collected. The collected liquid is allowed to flow through a sieve having a mesh smaller than the average particle diameter of the roughening powder, and the number of the roughening powder captured on the sieve can be determined.

  Next, the case where the cylindrical body that is the object of the processing method of the present invention is a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member will be described. The cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member is hereinafter simply referred to as “electrophotographic photosensitive member”.

  An electrophotographic photoreceptor generally has a support and a photosensitive layer containing a charge generation material and a charge transport material formed on the support. Further, it may have a surface protective layer on the photosensitive layer, or may have a conductive layer or an intermediate layer between the support and the photosensitive layer.

  The support is preferably a conductive support. Examples of the material of the support include metals and alloys such as iron, copper, gold, silver, aluminum, zinc, titanium, lead, nickel, tin, antimony, and indium, and oxides of these metals.

  Further, a conductive thin film may be provided on the surface of the support. The conductive thin film can be formed by coating, vapor deposition, etching, or plasma treatment.

  The shape of the support used for the cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member is cylindrical (cylindrical support). Hereinafter, the cylindrical support is also simply referred to as “support”.

  The photosensitive layer is preferably an organic layer (organic photosensitive layer) using an organic compound. That is, the electrophotographic photoreceptor is preferably an organic photoreceptor. This is because the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the organic photoreceptor is easily adjusted by roughening in terms of elastic characteristics and film thickness, and is easily controlled by adjusting the conditions of the roughening treatment. Also when the surface layer is not a photosensitive layer, the surface layer is preferably an organic layer.

  The photosensitive layer is composed of a forward layer type in which the charge generation layer / charge transport layer is laminated in this order from the support side, a reverse layer type in which the charge transport layer / charge generation layer is laminated in the order from the support side, and a charge generation material. And a single layer type in which the charge transport material is contained in the same layer. Among these, a normal layer type photosensitive layer is preferable.

  A conductive layer is preferably formed on the support. The conductive layer formed on the support covers the unevenness and defects of the support and can suppress occurrence of interference fringes due to scattering that may occur when inputting an image with laser light.

  The conductive layer can be formed of a binder resin in which conductive particles such as carbon black, metal particles, and metal oxide are dispersed. In addition, in order to suppress the occurrence of interference fringes, the surface of the conductive layer is roughened, or in order to cause light scattering inside the conductive layer, silicone, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, acrylic, nylon, polypropylene In addition, resin fine particles such as polyethylene, polyamide, polyester, olefin, benzoguanamine / formaldehyde condensate, benzoguanamine / melamine / formaldehyde condensate, melamine / formaldehyde condensate may be contained.

  The thickness of the conductive layer is preferably 0.05 to 50 μm, and more preferably 0.2 to 30 μm.

  An intermediate layer is preferably formed between the support or conductive layer and the photosensitive layer. The intermediate layer is a layer that controls charge injection at the interface or functions as an adhesive layer.

  The intermediate layer can be formed mainly from a resin, but metals such as iron, copper, gold, silver, aluminum, zinc, titanium, lead, nickel, tin, antimony and indium, and alloys thereof, or oxides and salts thereof. Further, a surfactant or the like may be further contained. Examples of the resin (binder resin) that forms the intermediate layer include polyester, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyethylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, polycarbonate, polyamide, polypropylene, polyimide, phenol resin, acrylic resin, silicone resin, epoxy resin, and urea. Examples thereof include resins, allyl resins, alkyd resins, polyamide-imides, nylons, polysulfones, polyallyl ethers, polyacetals, and butyral resins.

  The thickness of the intermediate layer is preferably 0.05 to 7 μm, and more preferably 0.1 to 2 μm.

  The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member may be a photosensitive layer (charge transport layer, charge generation layer) or a surface protective layer formed on the photosensitive layer. That is, the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member may or may not have a charge transport function or a charge generation function.

  The surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor preferably contains a curable resin. This is for increasing the strength of the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The surface layer containing the curable resin can be formed, for example, by polymerizing a monomer or oligomer having two or more polymerizable functional groups. Radiation such as heat, light, and electron beam can be used for polymerization of the monomer or oligomer.

  The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is formed as follows, for example.

  First, a coating solution containing a monomer or oligomer (including varnish) having a polymerizable functional group is prepared. This coating solution may contain a charge generation material or a charge transport material. It is preferable that at least a part of the monomer or oligomer has two or more polymerizable functional groups. The coating film formed by applying the obtained coating solution is dried, and then the monomer or oligomer is polymerized (preferably three-dimensionally cross-linked and cured) by heating or irradiation with radiation to form a surface layer. The The formed surface layer is a tough film that is insoluble and infusible in a solvent.

  Further, the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member may be a charge transport layer. The charge transport material contained in the charge transport layer, which is the surface layer, is a charge transport material obtained by polymerizing a material having a polymerizable functional group and charge transport ability (hereinafter also referred to as “polymerization type charge transport material”). ) Is preferable. What hardened | cured by polymerizing a polymerization type charge transport substance is 1 type of curable resin.

  The charge transport layer, which is the surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, can be formed by curing a coating film formed by applying a coating solution containing a polymerizable functional group and a compound having charge transport ability. preferable.

  When the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is a charge transport layer, the charge transport layer may be a laminated type. When the charge transport layer is a laminated type, the charge transport layer, which is the surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, is a layer formed using a polymerization type charge transport material, and the charge transport layer that is not the surface layer is a non-polymerization type charge transport layer. A layer containing a substance is preferable.

  Examples of the charge generating substance include phthalocyanine pigments having crystal types such as α, β, γ, ε, and X types, anthanthrone pigments, dibenzpyrenequinone pigments, pyranthrone pigments, azo pigments (trisazo pigments, disazo pigments, monoazos). Pigments), indigo pigments, quinacridone pigments, asymmetric quinocyanine pigments, quinocyanines, amorphous silicon, selenium-tellurium, pyrylium, thiapyrylium dyes, and the like.

When the photosensitive layer is a laminated photosensitive layer, examples of the binder resin for the charge generation layer include polyester, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyethylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, polycarbonate, polyamide, polypropylene, polyimide, phenol resin, and acrylic resin. , Silicone resin, epoxy resin, urea resin, allyl resin, alkyd resin, polyamide-imide, polysulfone, polyallyl ether, polyacetal, butyral resin, benzal resin, etc. The content is preferably 0.1 to 100% by mass, more preferably 10 to 80% by mass, based on the total of the resin and the charge generating material. 100% by mass means that no binder resin is used.

  In addition, the content of the charge generation material in the charge generation layer is preferably 10 to 100% by mass, and more preferably 50 to 100% by mass with respect to the total mass of the charge generation layer.

  The thickness of the charge generation layer is preferably 0.001 to 6 μm, and more preferably 0.01 to 2 μm.

  Examples of charge transport materials include pyrene compounds, N-alkylcarbazole compounds, hydrazone compounds, N, N-dialkylaniline compounds, diphenylamine compounds, triphenylamine compounds, triphenylmethane compounds, pyrazoline compounds, styryl compounds, stilbene compounds, and the like. Is mentioned.

  When the photosensitive layer is a laminated type photosensitive layer, examples of the binder resin for the charge transport layer include polyester, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyethylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, polycarbonate, polyamide, polypropylene, and polyimide.

  The content of the charge transport material in the charge transport layer is preferably 0.1 to 100% by mass, and more preferably 10 to 80% by mass with respect to the total of the binder resin and the charge transport material. 100% by mass means that no binder resin is used.

  Further, the content of the charge transport material in the charge transport layer is preferably 20 to 100% by mass, and more preferably 30 to 90% by mass with respect to the total mass of the charge transport layer.

  If the charge transport layer is too thin, the chargeability is difficult to maintain, and if it is too thick, the residual potential tends to be high. Therefore, the thickness of the charge transport layer is preferably 5 to 70 μm, and more preferably 10 to 30 μm.

  In the case where the photosensitive layer is a single-layer type photosensitive layer, the above-described materials can be used as the charge generation material, charge transport material, and binder resin.

  The film thickness of the single-layer type photosensitive layer is preferably 8 to 40 μm, and more preferably 12 to 30 μm. The total content of the charge generation material and the charge transport material in the single-layer type photosensitive layer is preferably 20 to 100% by mass, more preferably 30 to 90% by mass with respect to the total mass of the photosensitive layer. preferable.

  Each layer constituting the electrophotographic photosensitive member may contain an additive such as an antioxidant or a photodegradation inhibitor.

  When the surface protective layer is formed on the photosensitive layer, the film thickness of the surface protective layer is preferably 0.01 to 10 μm, and more preferably 0.1 to 7 μm.

  The surface protective layer may contain a conductive material such as a metal, its oxide, nitride, salt, alloy, or carbon. Examples of the metal include iron, copper, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, tin, aluminum, titanium, antimony, and indium. Examples of the metal oxide include ITO, TiO2, ZnO, SnO2, and Al2O3.

  The conductive material is preferably fine particles, and is preferably dispersed in the surface protective layer. The particle diameter of the fine particles of the conductive material is preferably 0.001 to 5 μm, and more preferably 0.01 to 1 μm. The content of the conductive material in the surface protective layer is preferably 1 to 70% by mass and more preferably 5 to 50% by mass with respect to the total mass of the surface protective layer.

  In addition, the surface protective layer may contain a titanium coupling agent, a silane coupling agent, various surface activities, and the like as a dispersing agent for fine particles of the conductive material.

  Further, the surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a fluorine compound, a silane compound, a metal oxide, or fine particles thereof for the purpose of improving the lubricity and water repellency of the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor. May be. Moreover, you may contain the dispersing agent and surfactant for improving these dispersibility. The content of these additives in the surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is preferably 1 to 70% by mass and more preferably 5 to 50% by mass with respect to the total mass of the surface layer.

  Examples of the method for forming each layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member include a vapor deposition method and a coating method, and a coating method is preferable. According to the coating method, the film thickness range can be easily controlled, and films having various compositions can be formed.

  Examples of the coating method include bar coater, knife coater, dip coating, spray coating, beam coating, electrostatic coating, roll coater, attritor, and powder coating.

  Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples. Hereinafter, “part” means “part by mass”.

[Example 1]
Two electrophotographic photoreceptors used in Example 1 were prepared as follows.

  First, an aluminum cylinder (JISA3003 aluminum alloy) having a length of 370 mm, an outer diameter of 84 mm, and a wall thickness of 3 mm was prepared by cutting. When the surface roughness of the cylinder was measured in the direction of the rotation axis, Rz = 0.08 μm. When the angle of chamfering of the end surface of the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder was confirmed, it was 45 °. This cylinder was subjected to ultrasonic cleaning in water containing a detergent (trade name: Chemicol CT, manufactured by Tokiwa Chemical Co., Ltd.), followed by washing away the detergent, followed by ultrasonic cleaning in pure water and degreasing treatment. .

  60 parts of titanium oxide particles (trade name: Kronos ECT-62, manufactured by Titanium Industry Co., Ltd.) coated with a film of tin oxide doped with antimony, titanium oxide particles (trade name: titone SR-1T, Sakai Chemical Co., Ltd.) )) 60 parts, Resol type phenol resin (trade name: Phenolite J-325, Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc., solid content 70%) 70 parts, 2-methoxy-1-propanol 50 parts, and A mixed solution composed of 50 parts of methanol was subjected to dispersion treatment with a ball mill for 20 hours. The average particle size of the particles contained in this dispersion was 0.25 μm.

  The obtained dispersion is dip-coated on the aluminum cylinder, and the coating film is heated and dried in a hot air drier adjusted to 150 ° C. for 48 minutes to be cured, whereby a conductive layer having a film thickness of 15 μm. Formed.

  Next, 10 parts of copolymer nylon resin (trade name: Amilan CM8000, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) and 30 parts of methoxymethylated nylon resin (trade name: Toresin EF30T, manufactured by Teikoku Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), 500 parts of methanol Then, an intermediate layer coating solution was prepared by dissolving in 250 parts of butanol mixed solvent. The obtained intermediate layer coating solution was dip-coated on the conductive layer and dried at 100 ° C. for 22 minutes to form an intermediate layer having a thickness of 0.45 μm.

  Next, hydroxygallium phthalocyanine (crystalline crystals having strong peaks at 7.4 ° and 28.2 ° of 2θ ± 0.2 ° (θ: Bragg angle) in CuKα-ray diffraction spectrum) 4 parts of pigment, polyvinyl butyral A mixed solution consisting of 2 parts of resin (trade name: ESREC BX-1, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 90 parts of cyclohexanone was dispersed in a sand mill using glass beads having a diameter of 1 mm for 10 hours, and then ethyl acetate. 110 parts was added to prepare a charge generation layer coating solution. The obtained charge generation layer coating solution was dip-coated on the intermediate layer and dried at 80 ° C. for 22 minutes to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.17 μm.

  Next, 35 parts of a compound represented by the following structural formula (11),

In addition, 50 parts of bisphenol Z-type polycarbonate resin (trade name: Iupilon Z400, manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd.) is dissolved in a mixed solvent of 320 parts of monochlorobenzene and 50 parts of dimethoxymethane, whereby a charge transport layer (first The coating liquid for charge transport layer) was prepared. The obtained charge transport layer coating solution is dip coated on the charge generation layer and dried at 100 ° C. for 40 minutes to form a charge transport layer (first charge transport layer) having a thickness of 20 μm. did.

  Next, 30 parts of a hole transporting compound having a polymerizable functional group represented by the following structural formula (12)

It was dissolved in a mixed solvent of 35 parts of 1-propanol and 35 parts of 1,1,2,2,3,3,4-heptafluorocyclopentane (trade name: Zeolora H, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.). The obtained liquid was subjected to pressure filtration with a 0.5 μm membrane filter made of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) to prepare a coating liquid for a curable surface layer (second charge transport layer). The obtained coating liquid for curable surface layer was dip-coated on the charge transport layer. Thereafter, the coating film was irradiated with an electron beam in nitrogen under the conditions of an acceleration voltage of 150 kV and a dose of 15 kGy. Further, heat treatment was performed for 90 seconds under the condition that the temperature of the coating film was 120 ° C. The heat treatment was performed in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 10 ppm. Furthermore, heat treatment was performed for 20 minutes in a hot air dryer adjusted to 100 ° C. to form a curable surface layer (second charge transport layer) having a thickness of 5 μm.

  In this way, a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced before the outer peripheral surface was roughened.

  Next, the roughening process of the outer peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member was performed as follows.

  That is, the roughening treatment was performed by dry blasting under the following conditions using a dry blasting apparatus (manufactured by Fuji Seiki Seisakusho) having the structure shown in FIG.

1) Abrasive particles contained in powder for roughening: spherical glass beads, average particle diameter of 45 μm (trade name: UB-13L, manufactured by Union Co., Ltd.)
2) Air spray pressure: 0.35 MPa
3) Blast gun moving speed: 430 mm / min
4) Workpiece (object to be treated) rotational speed: 288 rpm
5) Distance between blast gun outlet and photoconductor: 100 mm
6) Abrasive discharge angle: 90 °
7) Abrasive grain supply amount: 200 g / min
8) Number of times of blasting: 2 times Next, using the gas supply device shown in FIG. 6 on the outer peripheral surface of the roughened electrophotographic photosensitive member, compressed air was blown to adhere to the outer peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The roughening powder was removed.

  Next, the roughening powder adhered to the inner peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member was removed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 under the following conditions.

1) Angle of inner inclined surface of funnel-shaped cylindrical body holding member (cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member holding member): 45 °, material of funnel-shaped cylindrical body holding member: PTFE, inner inclined surface Rz: 0.65 μm Friction coefficient of inner slope: 0.5, exhaust port diameter: 50mm
2) Gas for removing powder for roughening: compressed air, regulator pressure: 0.6 MPa
3) Supply means of gas for removing powder for surface roughening: Ionizer, trade name SJ-M Co., Ltd. Keyence, nozzle diameter: 4 mm
4) Supply flow rate of gas for removing powder for roughening: 4.5 m ³ / min
5) Exhaust flow rate of gas for removing powder for roughening: 5.0 m ³ / min
6) Dust collector: Trade name VNA-15, manufactured by Amano Co., Ltd. 7) Working time: 90 seconds Fine mesh (stainless steel wire, 635 mesh) manufactured by SOGYO Co., Ltd. . Then, the electrophotographic photosensitive member having been subjected to the roughening treatment on the outer peripheral surface produced as described above is allowed to stand on the sieve, and water is sprayed on the inner peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, thereby the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The surface-roughening powder adhering to the inner peripheral surface of the glass was collected on the sieve. After wiping off the water, the number of roughening powders collected on the sieve was zero.

  100 electrophotographic photoreceptors having been subjected to the above-described outer surface roughening treatment were produced.

  Next, an instantaneous adhesive (trade name: Aron Alpha, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) is applied to a position 5 mm from the ends of both openings of the electrophotographic photosensitive member that has been subjected to the roughening of the outer peripheral surface, and the flange Was press-fitted with a jig. Next, the electrophotographic photosensitive member is mounted on a color electrophotographic copying machine (trade name: imagePRESSC1 +, manufactured by Canon Inc.), and when the halftone image density is 256 gradations, the gradation is 0, 64, Images of 128 and 255 were output. As a result, two out of 100 electrophotographic photosensitive members had defects at a level causing image problems. That is, the image defect occurrence rate was 2%.

[Comparative Example 1]
In Example 1, an electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the roughening powder adhered to the inner peripheral surface was not removed (roughening powder removal step). It was. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[Comparative Example 2]
In Example 1, an electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that no means downstream from the cylindrical body holding member was provided in the exhaust-side opening of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[Comparative Example 3, Examples 2-8]
In Example 1, the average particle diameter of the abrasive particles of the roughening powder, the outer diameter of the electrophotographic photosensitive member to be produced, the supply flow rate of the gas for removing the roughening powder, and the exhaust flow rate are as shown in Table 1. An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 9]
In Example 2, as shown in FIG. 5, a funnel-shaped cylindrical body holding member was also provided at the opening on the supply side of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The cylindrical body holding member is as follows. Inner slope angle: 45 °, material: SUS, inner slope Rz: 0.9 μm, inner slope friction coefficient: 0.9, exhaust port diameter: 40 mm. Otherwise, an electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 2. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 10]
An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the exhaust flow rate of the gas for removing the surface-roughening powder was changed as shown in Table 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 11]
In Example 4, as in Example 9, the electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that a funnel-shaped cylindrical holding member was provided in the opening on the supply side of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. went. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 12]
In Example 11, an electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the exhaust flow rate of the roughening powder removing gas was changed as shown in Table 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 13]
In Example 6, as in Example 9, the electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that a funnel-shaped cylindrical holding member was provided in the opening on the supply side of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. went. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 14]
In Example 13, an electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 13 except that the exhaust flow rate of the roughening powder removing gas was changed as shown in Table 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 15]
In Example 8, as in Example 9, the electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 8, except that a funnel-shaped cylindrical holding member was provided in the opening on the supply side of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. went. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 16]
In Example 15, an electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 15 except that the flow rate of the gas for removing the surface-roughening powder was changed as shown in Table 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 17]
In Example 1, the dry blast treatment was changed to the following conditions.

1) Abrasive particles contained in the powder for roughening: spherical alumina beads, average particle diameter of 25 μm (trade name: Macau beads A-25, manufactured by Macau Corporation)
2) Air spray pressure: 0.35 MPa
3) Blast gun moving speed: 300mm / min
4) Workpiece (object to be treated) rotational speed: 288 rpm
5) Distance between blast gun outlet and photoconductor: 100 mm
6) Abrasive discharge angle: 90 °
7) Abrasive grain supply amount: 300 g / min
8) Number of times of blasting: 4 times In Example 1, the supply flow rate and the exhaust flow rate of the gas for removing the powder for roughening were set as shown in Table 1. Otherwise, an electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 18]
In Example 17, as in Example 9, a funnel-shaped cylindrical holding member is provided at the opening on the supply side of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and the exhaust flow rate of the powder for removing the surface roughening powder is shown in Table 1. An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 17 except that the procedure was as shown. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 19]
In Example 9, dry ice was supplied from an opening on the supply side of the electrophotographic photosensitive member using a dry ice precision blasting machine (trade name: i3 MicroClean, ColdJet Co., Ltd.) with an injection amount of 5.0 m ³ / min. In Example 9, the exhaust gas flow rate was set as shown in Table 1. Otherwise, the electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 9. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 20]
In Example 1, after removing the roughening powder adhering to the inner peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the outer peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member under the following conditions using the apparatus shown in FIG. The surface roughening powder adhered to the surface was removed. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

1) Rotational speed of electrophotographic photosensitive member which is cylindrical body 7-1: 60 rpm
2) Pressure of compressed air from the compressed air supply unit 7-2: 0.3 MPa
3) Non-woven fabric 7-3: Toraysee (Toray Industries, Inc.)
4) Pressure of compressed air from static elimination compressed air supply unit 7-5: 0.4 MPa
5) Operating time: 150 seconds 6) Suction amount from air outlet 7-8: 10 m ³ / min (suctioned by a dust collector not shown)
7) Contact width between the cylindrical body 7-1 and the nonwoven fabric 7-3: 5 cm

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cylindrical body 2 Powder sprayer 3 Cylindrical body holding member 4 Piping 5 Regulator 6 Gas supply device 7 Piping 8 Valve 9 Gas exhaust device (dust collector)

Claims (4)

A cylinder outer peripheral surface roughening step for roughening the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body by spraying the roughening powder on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body, and a predetermined supply from one opening of the cylindrical body A gas is supplied to the inside of the cylindrical body at a flow rate, and the gas is exhausted from the inside of the cylindrical body at an exhaust flow rate equal to or greater than the supply flow rate from the other opening of the cylindrical body. A roughening powder removing step for removing the roughening powder adhering to the inner peripheral surface of the body in this order,
A method for treating a cylindrical body, characterized in that the gas is exhausted from the inside of the cylindrical body by bringing an inner slope of the funnel-shaped member into contact with the other opening of the cylindrical body.   Mixing the removal powder consisting of particles obtained by solidifying a gas substance at normal temperature and pressure with the gas supplied to the inside of the cylindrical body, causing the removal powder to collide with the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body, The processing method of the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body of Claim 1 which removes the said powder for roughening attached to the inner peripheral surface of the said cylindrical body.   The method for processing a cylindrical body according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical body is a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member.   A cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member whose outer peripheral surface is roughened is processed by the processing method according to claim 1 to obtain a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member whose outer peripheral surface is roughened. A method for producing a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member having a rough outer peripheral surface.