JP2011111138A - Bulk ship, barge for bulk, and method for loading bulk dry cargo - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a bulk ship that can efficiency transport bulk dry cargo by leveling almost flatly the surface of the bulk dry cargo loaded in a cargo hold so that the volume of the cargo hold can be effectively used when the bulk dry cargo such as polymer pellets that dislike damage and pollution is loaded in a bulk state in the cargo hold, and to provide a barge for bulk, and a method for loading the bulk dry cargo. <P>SOLUTION: The bulk ship loaded with the bulk dry cargo B in the bulk state inside the cargo hold 10 includes a gas jetting apparatus 40 for leveling the surface of the bulk dry cargo B loaded inside the cargo hold 10, into a flat state with the flow of gas G. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention provides a bulk carrier capable of efficiently flattening a loading surface when loading powder particles such as polymer pellets that have been transported by bagging in the prior art by damaging and contaminating them. The present invention relates to a bulking barge and a method for loading dry bulk cargo.

  In the prior art, when polymer pellets are transported by sea on a ship, the polymer pellets are packed in a bag, and a container equipped with this bag is transported on a container ship.

  This polymer pellet consists of low density polyethylene (specific gravity about 0.92) manufactured at high pressure, high density polyethylene (specific gravity about 0.95) manufactured at low pressure, and transparent, crystalline (95%) polypropylene. What is called a polymer having a specific gravity of about 0.9 is formed in a pellet shape having a size of about φ3 mm × L3 mm to φ6 mm × L6 mm. As for the physical properties of the polymer pellet, the specific gravity is about 0.9 to 1.0, the bulk specific gravity is relatively light, about 0.5, and the angle of repose is about 30 degrees.

  Due to the combustibility of this polymer, there is a possibility that an explosion mixture is formed in the dust state and may become dangerous, but in the pellet state, there is no danger in handling at room temperature, and it is physiologically unfriendly. It is active and has no special toxicity to the human body. In addition, there is no reactivity with water, self-reactivity or explosiveness, and it is stable at room temperature. However, if pellets are spilled, they may slip and fall over, preventing leakage and leakage. Time recovery is important. In particular, if it leaks into the water area during transportation, it is necessary to be careful as it may suffocate if the animal is swallowed.

  In the case of many polymers, if the surface is molded with moisture on it, product surface defects, appearance defects, mechanical property (strength) defects, and the like occur. In addition, since the fine polymer crushed by the damage of the pellet becomes a contamination, the damage of the surface of the pellet is also disliked, so that the pellet wear on the inner surface of the pipe or cargo hold should be avoided to prevent the defect of the pellet surface. desirable. Furthermore, since it dislikes mixing of rust, paint pieces and other types of pellets, it is necessary to avoid painting, rust and mixing with other types of pellets.

  Such dry bulk cargo dislikes damage and contamination, so unloading cargo with a cargo grab or the like is not preferable in terms of cargo quality control. Furthermore, in order to increase the commercial value, it is desirable to transport in a dry state.

  When considering this dry bulk cargo to be transported by sea by ship, as a method of loading dry bulk cargo into a cargo hold (tank) in bulk, drop it by gravity from the cargo hold. Can be considered. However, when bulk dry cargo is loaded by this method, the shape of the bulk dry cargo on the top surface becomes a mountain shape, and a void is generated inside the surrounding cargo hold. Therefore, when loading dry bulk cargo, flattening of the surface of the dry bulk cargo loaded inside the cargo hold, so-called so-called unloading, effectively using the volume in the cargo hold It is important to do. In addition, if it is in the shape of a mountain, there is a possibility that the collapse of the hull will cause a collapse of the load and cause a change in the center of gravity of the hull, and it is important to suppress the collapse of the load by flattening the surface. In this unloading, in the case of polymer pellets that do not like contamination, it is not preferable to insert a machine such as a bulldozer as in a general bulk carrier.

  With regard to this unloading, as a method of loading cement-like powder cargo into the powder cargo ship, the hull is divided into a plurality of vessels, and is fed from a distribution tank provided almost at the center of the cargo ship's deck. The powder cargo that was put into each ship formed a mountain with a repose angle at the top of the inlet, and before the pile of accumulated powder reached the bottom of the deck at the top of the ship, The scraper type horizontal chain conveyor installed at the required height moves and stacks the powder to the empty volume part before and after the peak of the powder pile and pushes it back and forth. At the same time, the scraper forms the corner of the ship horizontally. A method has been proposed in which the powder level is almost uniform in a full state by pushing it up to a part (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  However, this method is difficult unless the ship is long and the scraper-type horizontal chain conveyor can be arranged like a small cement carrier. There is a problem that it cannot be used for cargo.

  In addition, in a ship equipped with a cargo hold where bulk loads are loaded from the hatch, a plurality of grain holes are provided in the hatch side girder of the hold, and the lower edge of the hatch side girder is used for unloading using air. An air pipe is fixed along the air pipe, and a cargo handling device for a cargo hold has been proposed in which a plurality of air ejection holes are provided on the air pipe to blow off the bulk load on the back side of the hatch side girder to the outer peripheral side of the back side (for example, , See Patent Document 2).

  In this bulk loader, the air pipe is arranged over the entire length of the lower edge of the hatch guide girder, and the bulk load on the hatch opening side flows from the grain hole provided in the hatch side girder to the back side of the hatch side girder. In addition, the bulk load is blown off to the outer peripheral side (the wall surface side of the hold) with air and unloaded. However, no mention is made of the unloading of the loose load inside the hatch side girder.

JP-A-6-191647 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-139893

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described situation, and the purpose of the present invention is to provide a bulldozer in a tank when a bulk cargo dry cargo that does not like damage or contamination of polymer pellets or the like is loaded in a cargo hold. The surface of the dry bulk cargo loaded inside the cargo hold is made almost flat so that the volume of the hold can be used effectively without the need for a vehicle or the like and without a scraper type horizontal chain conveyor. It is an object of the present invention to provide a bulk carrier, a bulk barge, and a bulk cargo dry cargo loading method capable of leveling and transporting bulk dry cargo efficiently and preventing a change in the center of gravity due to collapse of cargo.

  In order to achieve the above object, the bulk carrier according to the present invention is a bulk carrier for loading bulk dry cargo in bulk in the cargo hold, wherein the bulk cargo is loaded inside the cargo hold. Is provided with a gas injection device for making the surface of the substrate flat with a gas flow.

  This gas injection device can be easily configured with a mechanism similar to a fire extinguishing sprinkler, cargo hold cleaning device, water sprinkler, and the like. Also, as the gas, dry air can be used when drying is required, inert gas such as nitrogen gas can be used when explosion-proof measures are required, and other gas according to each need. , Downward, diagonally downward, and combinations thereof.

  In addition, the gas injection holes may be arranged in the vicinity of the inlet for loading the bulk cargo into the cargo hold, or may be arranged in the cargo hold with appropriate distribution with respect to the cross section of the cargo hold. Moreover, you may arrange | position to the wall surface vicinity or wall surface of a cargo hold. In short, it is only necessary to flatten (unload) the upper surface of the bulk-loaded dry cargo discharged from the input port into the cargo hold.

  With this configuration, dry bulk cargo loaded in the cargo hold is leveled by using the flow of gas ejected from the injection hole of the gas injection device to level the loading surface of the bulk dry cargo. Can do. As a result, the space inside the cargo hold can be reduced, the volume of the entire cargo hold can be used effectively, and the change in the center of gravity of the hull due to the collapse of the load when the hull is shaken can be prevented.

  Further, in the above bulk carrier, a plurality of gas injection holes of the gas injection device are arranged in the vertical direction in an upper range higher than a preset height of the cargo hold, and the bulk loading dry cargo being loaded If the gas injection hole for injecting the gas is selected according to the height of the surface of the gas and the gas is injected, the gas injected from the gas injection hole is placed on the surface of the bulk cargo that is being loaded. Since the bulk loading dry cargo is loaded while flattening it, the leveling operation can be completed almost simultaneously with the completion of loading the bulk loading dry cargo, and the handling time can be shortened. Further, even in the case of so-called partial loading, in which loosely loaded dry cargo is not loaded to the top of the cargo hold, it can be flattened by the flow of gas, and the center of gravity of the hull can be prevented from changing due to collapse of cargo.

  Alternatively, in the above bulk carrier, the gas injection hole of the gas injection device is set in the upper range higher than the preset height of the cargo hold according to the height of the surface of the bulk cargo being loaded. If it is configured to move in the vertical direction, the dry bulk cargo will be mounted while flattening the gas injected from the gas injection holes against the surface of the dry bulk cargo being loaded. The flattening operation can be completed almost simultaneously with the completion of loading of dry bulk cargo and the handling time can be shortened. Further, even in the case of so-called partial loading, in which loosely loaded dry cargo is not loaded to the top of the cargo hold, it can be flattened by the flow of gas, and the center of gravity of the hull can be prevented from changing due to collapse of cargo.

  In the above bulk carrier, if the gas injection direction of the gas injection hole is configured to be rotatable with respect to the vertical direction, a mountain shape of bulk cargoes with a small number of gas injection holes and a small amount of gas per unit time. Can be made efficient. The mechanism relating to the rotation in the gas injection direction can be easily configured by a known mechanism such as a sprinkler for lawn or a cleaning nozzle for chemical tanker.

  Further, in the above bulk carrier, if a part or all of the gas piping for sending gas to the gas ejection device also serves as part of the piping for loading the bulk cargo, the gas injection device Therefore, it is possible to reduce the number of pipes used only for the purpose, and it is not necessary to increase the complexity and size of the cargo handling facility, and it is possible to simplify the cargo handling operation.

  In addition, gas ejection for flattening is performed before the completion of loading of dry bulk cargo, part or all of the injection path of gas including bulk dry cargo from the inlet of the dry bulk cargo to the gas ejection hole. It is also possible to change and perform the flattening operation with a gas containing dry bulk cargo. Also, not only after loading bulk dry cargo, but also during bulk loading of dry bulk cargo or just before the end of loading, loading bulk dry cargo is not included and does not include bulk cargo The process of flattening with a gas flow and then restarting the loading of loose cargo may be performed once or several times.

  In addition, the flattening operation may be performed with a gas flow that does not include bulk dry cargo from the beginning to the end of loading of dry bulk cargo, or from the middle, in parallel with the loading of bulk dry cargo. .

  Further, in the above bulk carrier, when the dry air sealed to put the dry bulk cargo loaded in the cargo hold in a dry air atmosphere is used as the gas, a flattening gas generator is newly provided. And a fan and piping are unnecessary.

  Moreover, the bulk loading barge for achieving said objective forms the said bulk loading ship as a barge ship which does not have a propulsion apparatus. The bulking barge with this configuration can achieve the same effect as the bulk carrier described above.

  In order to achieve the above object, the bulk loading dry cargo loading method of the present invention is a method of loading bulk bulk dry cargo into a bulk cargo hold, during or after loading bulk bulk cargo. At least one of the chevron shapes is formed by applying the gas flow ejected from the gas injection holes of the gas injection device temporarily or intermittently or continuously to the chevron surface of the dry bulk cargo loaded inside the cargo hold. Is flattened.

  Further, in the above-described bulk loading dry cargo loading method, as the gas, dry air sealed to put the bulk loading dry cargo loaded in the cargo hold in a dry air atmosphere is used.

  By using these methods, the bulk of dry cargo loaded in the cargo hold is leveled by using the flow of dry air ejected from the injection hole of the gas injection device to level the loading surface of the bulk dry cargo. As a result, the empty space inside the cargo hold can be reduced and the entire volume of the cargo hold can be used effectively. Moreover, since the flattening and the brewing of the dry air atmosphere can be performed at the same time, the working time can be shortened. Furthermore, it is possible to prevent a change in the center of gravity of the hull due to the collapse of the load when the hull is shaken.

  According to the bulk carrier, the bulk barge and the bulk cargo dry cargo loading method of the present invention, a scraper type horizontal chain conveyor is provided without placing a vehicle such as a bulldozer inside the bulk cargo warehouse. Without creating a void in the cargo hold by substantially flattening the surface of the loaded bulk cargo using the gas flow ejected from the gas injection hole of the gas injection device be able to. In addition, it is possible to prevent a change in the center of gravity of the hull due to cargo collapse when the hull is shaken.

  Therefore, bulk cargo can be transported while effectively using the entire cargo hold without damaging polymer pellets and other bulk cargo that is not subject to damage or contamination. It is possible to improve mass transportation efficiently.

It is the sectional side view which showed arrangement | positioning of the cargo hold in the bulk carrier which concerns on this invention. FIG. 2 is a horizontal plan view illustrating an arrangement of a cargo hold of the bulk carrier in FIG. 1. It is a cross-sectional view of the hull which showed the structure of the cargo hold of the bulk carrier of FIG. It is the figure which showed the structure of the load flattening system. It is the figure which showed the other structure of the load flattening system. It is the figure which showed the other structure of the load flattening system. It is side sectional drawing which showed arrangement | positioning of the cargo hold in the bulk carrier which mounted the cargo hold of a separate container structure on the hull. It is the horizontal surface figure which showed arrangement | positioning of the cargo hold of the bulk carrier of FIG. It is a cross-sectional view of the hull showing the structure of the cargo hold of the bulk carrier of FIG. It is the perspective view which showed the structure of the bulk carrier used for the bulk cargo dry cargo transportation method concerning this invention, and a land handling equipment.

  Hereinafter, a bulk carrier and a bulk barge according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Although a bulk carrier having a propulsion device has been described here, the present invention can be similarly applied to a bulking barge that does not have a propulsion device. In addition, drawing is a figure for description and is not necessarily drawn by the size ratio of the hull form and cargo hold used with an actual ship. FIG. 10 is also a diagram for explaining the cargo handling method, and is different from the hull structure of FIGS. 1 to 9 in the shape of the cargo hold and the hull structure having a different discharge port.

  As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the bulk carrier 1 of embodiment which concerns on this invention is provided with the cargo hold 10 which mounts a bulk cargo dry cargo. 1 to 3, the cargo hold 10 is formed integrally with the hull. That is, the side wall 11 of the cargo hold 10 constitutes a part of the hull structure.

  This cargo hold 10 is arranged side by side through bulkheads 6 in the direction of the length of the ship as in the bulk carrier of the prior art. A plurality of cargo holds 10 are also arranged in the ship width direction. By arranging a plurality of cargo holds 10 with respect to this width direction, the lateral width of each cargo hold 10 is reduced, and the range of movement of dry bulk cargo within the cargo hold 10 due to hull shaking during stormy weather is reduced. . As a result, the lateral movement amount of dry bulk cargo is suppressed, and the restoration performance against rolling is ensured.

  Further, the cargo hold 10 is arranged away from the ship-side outer plate 4, and the ship-side outer plate 4 and the ship bottom plate 2 are arranged so as not to form a cargo hold wall and not adjacent to the ballast tank. . This prevents the cargo hold wall from coming into contact with liquids such as seawater, water, ballast water, and fuel. Even when ballast water is placed in the ballast tank, the cargo hold wall of the cargo hold 10 is cooled and condensed. Is prevented from occurring.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the cargo hold 10 includes a vertically formed side wall portion 11, an inclined portion 13 on the ship side upper side, and a part of the upper deck 5, and is a loading port 14 a through which a bulk cargo is loaded. Is formed as a section surrounded by a ceiling portion 14 having a slope and an inclined portion 12 in which a discharge port 15 for discharging is narrowed. The cargo hold wall includes an inclined portion 12, a side wall portion 11, an inclined portion 13, and a ceiling portion 14.

  The cargo hold wall of the cargo hold 10 forms the inner surface of the cargo hold 10 smoothly without providing a bone member projecting inward and without protruding the tab. That is, all the bone members are arranged outside the cargo hold 10, that is, between the cargo holds 10, etc., in the portion forming the side wall portion 11 of the partition wall 6 that partitions the cargo hold 10 in the front-rear direction. Moreover, the side wall part 11 which the cargo hold 10 faces in the horizontal direction is not formed by a single plate provided with a bone member, but is constituted by two side wall parts 11 sandwiching the bone member therebetween. Other cargo hold walls are also provided with bone members outside the hold 10. Thereby, the residual amount of dry bulk cargo is reduced, and since there is no shadow area, the residue can be washed away by washing with water or compressed air, and contamination at the time of cargo transshipment can be prevented.

Further, the cargo hold wall of the cargo hold 10 is made of a rust-resistant material, for example, clad steel (crimped steel) bonded with two different kinds of metals, and the inner surface side metal is made of stainless steel (SUS) or the like. It is preferable to use a metal that does not rust. As a result, it is possible to transport even bulk cargoes that dislike rust.

  A loading pipe 31 that can be connected to the land-side loading / unloading pipe 52 (FIGS. 4 to 6 and 10) at the time of loading / unloading is provided at the loading port 14 a at the top of the cargo hold 10. A connecting flange 31a is provided in the charging pipe 31. At the time of loading / unloading, a loading / unloading pipe 52 from the land handling facility is connected to the input pipe 31, and the dry cargo loaded in bulk is stored in the cargo hold 10 by natural fall. The input port 14a is preferably provided at the center of the inclined portion 12, that is, directly above the discharge port 15, so that bulk cargoes can be uniformly stored in the cargo hold 10.

  In addition, the discharge port 15 of the discharge part provided with the inclined part 12 at the lower part of the cargo hold 10 is used to prevent falling dry cargo stored in the cargo hold for loading and unloading to the gas transport pipe 22. A discharge valve 21a is provided. The discharge valve 21a is formed by a fixed discharge valve such as a rotary valve, for example. The gas transport pipe 22 is connected to the discharge port 15 via the discharge pipe 21 having the discharge valve 21a, and when loading and unloading, the dry cargo in the cargo hold 10 is slid on the inclined portion 12 by gravity. While moving to the discharge port 15 and adjusting the amount that can be transported by the gas transport pipe 22 by the discharge valve 21a, the bulk cargo is discharged to the gas transport pipe 22 and transported to the land handling equipment by gas transport. To do. For this gas transport, a gas pressure type using air or the like is used, but a vacuum suction type may be used instead of this gas pressure type.

  In addition, in the case of dry bulk cargo that dislikes moisture, dry air is sent to the gas transport pipe 22. In this case, when loading and unloading, etc., dry air is supplied into the cargo hold 10 and the gas transport pipe 22 from the air drying equipment of the land facility and a blower such as a blower or a compressor, and is operated at times other than during loading. At times, dry air is supplied into the cargo hold 10 from an air dryer and a blower mounted on the ship, and the dry bulk cargo in the cargo hold 10 is prevented from having moisture. In the case of the vacuum suction type, a vacuum pump is used instead of the blower.

  In addition, if there is a possibility of calling at a port that does not have air drying equipment or a blower on the land facility, only one or two cargo holds 10 can be unloaded so that it can be handled by such a port on its own. It is preferable to provide an air drying facility and a blower having a capacity of 1 in the bulk carrier 1.

  Further, one or a plurality of discharge ports 15 are provided in one cargo hold 10 (four in FIGS. 1 to 3 and FIGS. 7 to 9). By providing a plurality, the height of the inclined portion 12 around the discharge port 15 can be made lower than in the case of one, and the center of gravity of the cargo hold 10 and the cargo hold 10 in the state where the dry load is loaded. The position can be lowered. This means that when bulk dry cargo with a small bulk specific gravity is mounted, the position of the center of gravity increases, and the restoration performance related to the rolling of the hull deteriorates, but the degree of this deterioration can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to ensure the restoration performance related to the drop in the center of gravity of the entire ship and the rolling of the hull. Further, by reducing the height of the inclined portion 12, it is possible to reduce the dead space that can be formed around the outer side of the inclined portion 12.

  In the present invention, the cargo hold 10 for loading the dry bulk cargo is a flat load for making the upper surface of the dry bulk cargo loaded inside the cargo hold 10 flat with the flow of gas G. A system 40 is provided.

  The load flattening system 40 can be easily configured with a mechanism similar to a fire extinguishing sprinkler, a cargo hold cleaning device, a watering device, or the like. Here, as the gas G, dry air can also be used. That is, as the gas G, it is possible to use dry air sealed in order to place the bulk cargo B in the cargo hold 10 in a dry air atmosphere. In this case, a flattening gas generator (gas generator), a blower, and piping are not required. If explosion-proof measures are required, use inert gas such as nitrogen gas, and use other gases as required.

  Further, the injection direction of the gas (hereinafter referred to as air) G can be efficiently flattened, and the shape of the cargo hold 10 and the arrangement of the air injection holes (gas injection holes) 41a of the air injection device (gas injection device) 41 are arranged. Depending on the situation, the horizontal direction, the downward direction, the diagonally downward direction, and a combination thereof are adopted.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, the air injection holes 41a may be arranged in the vicinity of or around the insertion port 14a through which the bulk-loaded dry cargo B is introduced into the cargo hold 10, as shown in FIG. You may arrange | position in the cargo hold 10 so that it may distribute appropriately so that a substantially uniform area may be taken in charge with respect to the cross section of the cargo hold 10. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 6, you may arrange | position in the vicinity of the wall surfaces 11 and 13 of the cargo hold 10, or the wall surfaces 11 and 13, and may arrange | position in the vicinity of the ceiling 14, or the ceiling 14. In short, it is only necessary to flatten (unload) the upper surface of the bulk dry cargo B discharged into the cargo hold 10 from the insertion port 14a.

  In the above bulk carrier, a plurality of air injection holes 41a of the air injection device 41 are vertically arranged in the upper range R higher than the preset height H1 of the cargo hold 10, as shown in FIG. The air injection hole 41a for injecting the air G is selected and corrected so as to inject the air G according to the height of the upper surface of the bulk cargo B which is being loaded.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the air injection holes 41 a for performing air injection are sequentially changed by sequentially switching control valves (not shown) with respect to the air injection holes 41 a arranged in the vertical direction. In addition, a control valve (not shown) is provided for the air injection holes 41a for performing air injection with respect to the air injection holes 41a arranged in the horizontal direction so as to gradually disperse the bulk cargo from the bottom of the input port 14a. It changes sequentially by sequential switching.

  Thus, the bulk dry cargo B is mounted while flattening the air G injected from the air injection holes 41a against the surface of the bulk dry cargo B being loaded. The flattening operation can be completed almost simultaneously with the completion of the loading of the cargo B, and the cargo handling time can be shortened.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the air injection holes 41 a of the air injection device 41 are individually loaded in the upper range R higher than the preset height H1 of the cargo hold 10. It is configured to move in the vertical direction according to the height of the upper surface of B. The movement of the air injection hole 41a for injecting the air G for flattening is performed by providing an air injection device 41 provided with an air injection hole 41a at the tip of the air pipe 43 as shown in FIGS. The air injection device 41 contracts the air piping 43, moves up and down together with the air piping 43, or moves the air injection device 41 in the vertical direction by forming the air piping 43 with flexibility to make the air injection device 41 a suspended structure. Can be done.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the air G for flattening (unloading) is loaded with air-drying equipment 52 for a land facility, blower or compressor, or blower 61 or 65 for lifting cargo (FIG. 10). The dry air A = G separated from the air-fuel mixture A + B sent from the air or the like may be used. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the air is supplied from the air supply source 42 such as an air dryer and a blower mounted on the ship. The resulting dry air G may be used. It is to be noted that the dry air A sent from the air blower 52 for loading, the air blowers 61, 65 (FIG. 10) for lifting, etc. is branched before mixing with the dry cargo B, and this dry air A is piped for loading. The air G may be used by supplying it with a pipe different from that for the gas 52.

  In addition, the air injection direction of the air injection holes 41a can be rotated with respect to the vertical direction so that the piles of dry cargo can be leveled with a small amount of air injection holes 41a and a small amount of air per unit time. It is preferable to do. The mechanism for rotating the air injection direction can be easily configured by a known mechanism such as a sprinkler for lawn or a cleaning nozzle for chemical tanker.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 4, when using the air A which carries the bulk loading dry cargo B from the air blower 53 for loading of a land facility, a part or all of the air piping 43 of the load flattening system 40 is used. However, the loading / unloading piping 52 and the loading piping 31 of the bulk loading dry cargo B loading device are also configured to serve as a part.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, when using dry air A sent from an air supply source 42 such as an air dryer and a blower mounted on a ship, the air supply source 42 and the air injection holes 41a A control valve 44 is provided in the air pipe 43 between them to control the supply and supply amount of the air G for flattening.

  In other words, a part of the cargo handling pipe 52 and the charging pipe 31 are part or all of the air pipe 43 of the cargo flattening system 40. The cargo handling pipe 52 is a bulk cargo between the cargo blower 53 of the land handling equipment 50 of the land handling equipment and the input pipe 31 provided on the ceiling portion 14A of the cargo hold 10A. This is a pipe connected via the storage container 51 for use.

  In FIG. 4, a separation device 45 formed of a cyclone, a separation plate, a filter, or the like is provided in a portion where the cargo handling piping 52 is changed to the air piping 43 of the cargo flattening system 40, and air A and bulk cargo The bulk cargo B is separated from the air-fuel mixture A + B and the air G to be ejected from the air ejection holes 41a is taken out. The air pipe 43 is provided with a control valve 44 to control the supply and supply amount of the air G for flattening. In FIG. 4, the valve group for sequentially changing the air injection holes 41 a for injecting the air G is omitted because the figure becomes complicated.

  As for the configuration of the cargo hold 10, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, the cargo hold 10A is formed as an individual separate container, and the cargo hold 10A having this separate container structure is mounted on the hull. Also good. The cargo hold 10A is surrounded by a vertically formed side wall portion 11A, a ceiling portion 14A having an input port 14Aa for charging loosely loaded dry cargo, and an inclined portion 12A that is narrowed to the discharge port 15A for discharging. Formed as a compartment. The cargo hold wall includes an inclined portion 12A, a side wall portion 11A, an inclined portion 13A, and a ceiling portion 14A.

  In FIG. 8, the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the cargo hold 10A is formed in a quadrangular shape in which a plurality of discharge ports 15A are easily provided. However, since it is a separate container system, it may be circular, oval, elliptical, or the like. Further, when the cargo hold 10A has a plurality of discharge ports 15A, the arrangement of the discharge ports 15A may be in the front-rear direction of the hull, in the horizontal direction of the hull, or in other directions, but the gas transport pipe 22 Arrange according to the arrangement of.

  Further, the cargo hold wall of the cargo hold 10A is not provided with a bone member protruding inward, like the cargo hold 10 formed integrally with the hull, and all the bone members of the cargo hold wall are located outside the cargo hold 10A. It arranges and forms the inner surface of cargo hold 10A smoothly.

  By adopting a separate container system in which each individual cargo hold 10A is manufactured separately and mounted on the hull, the portion formed of the rust-resistant material constituting the cargo hold is manufactured separately from the hull. Can be mounted on the hull. In particular, when a cargo hold wall of the cargo hold 10A is formed using a special steel material such as clad steel as a rust-resistant material, each cargo hold 10A is manufactured separately and a portion formed of a rust-resistant metal is substantially omitted. By mounting the completed cargo hold 10A on the hull, manufacturing is significantly facilitated. Further, it is possible to use a cargo hold 10A formed of a non-metallic material such as FRP as a rust-resistant material.

  Further, the cargo hold 10A is protruded from the upper deck, and the side wall portion 11A of the cargo hold 10A and the upper deck 5 are configured in a watertight or windtight structure. Thereby, the steel material of a hull structure can be reduced and manufacturing cost can be reduced rather than making the upper deck 5 into the upper structure of the cargo hold 10A. Further, since the structure is simplified as compared with the structure in which the cargo hold 10A is completely covered with the upper deck 5 or the hatch cover (not shown), the weight of the hull can be reduced, and the center of gravity of the hull can be lowered. As a result, it is possible to easily ensure the restoration performance regarding the rolling of the hull.

  However, since the upper part of the cargo hold 10A is exposed, it is necessary to consider the temperature rise in the cargo hold 10A, and heat insulation work may be performed using a thermal barrier paint or the like.

  Moreover, as shown in FIGS. 7-9, when the cover structure 7 is provided in the upper part of the cargo hold 10A, the ceiling part 14A of the cargo hold 10A is not exposed to the atmosphere. Can exert an effect of preventing moisture in particular.

  Other arrangements of the cargo hold 10A in the front-rear direction and a plurality of arrangements in the horizontal direction, distant arrangement from the ballast tank, etc., use of clad steel, loading port 14Aa and loading pipe 31 at the top of the cargo hold 10A for cargo handling, The structure of the discharge port 15A, the discharge valve 21a, the discharge pipe 21, the gas transport pipe 22, the dry air A feeding method, etc. of the discharge part provided with the inclined part 12A at the lower part of the cargo hold 10A is that the cargo hold 10 is the hull. It is the same as the bulk carrier 1 formed integrally.

  Next, a method for transporting dry bulk cargo will be described. This transportation method is a transportation method performed using the above-described bulk carrier 1, 1A, and performs the following loading and unloading operations for dry bulk cargo. Here, the cargo hold 10A is formed as an individual separate container, and the bulk carrier 1A equipped with this separate container will be described. However, the bulk carrier 1 having the cargo hold 10 formed integrally with the hull is described. But it is the same.

  With reference to FIG. 10, the loading and unloading of bulk dry cargo will be described. First, loading / unloading is performed on the loading pipe 31 provided on the lower part of the bulk cargo dry storage container 51 of the land loading facility 50 of the land cargo handling facility and the ceiling portion 14A of the cargo hold 10A of the bulk carrier 1A. The piping 52 is connected, the dry air A is sent from the air blower 53 for loading, and the bulk cargo B is transported to the loading port 14A at the tip of the loading piping 31 by gas transportation. The bulk dry cargo B conveyed to the insertion port 14A is stored in the cargo hold 10A by natural fall.

  When loading the bulk cargo B in the bulk cargo hold 10A, air injection is performed temporarily or intermittently or continuously during or after the bulk cargo B is loaded. The air flow ejected from the air injection hole 41a of the device 41 is applied to the interior of the cargo hold 10A by applying the air flow for a preset time or until the level in the cargo hold is confirmed by monitoring the inside of the cargo hold with a monitoring camera or the like. The chevron is flattened against the chevron surface of the dry bulk cargo B. Further, at the time of this flattening, even if the amount and speed of the air G injected from the air injection holes 41a are changed so that the bulk dry cargo B is gradually dispersed to the surroundings from directly below the inlet 14a. Good.

  When the load flattening system 40 as shown in FIG. 4 is provided, a bypass valve that bypasses the separation device 45 and the control valve 44 shown in FIG. 46 is opened, the cargo handling valve 32 is closed, and the injection path of the air-fuel mixture A + B including the bulk cargo B is changed from the inlet 14a to the air ejection hole 41a. The planarization operation may be performed with the air-fuel mixture A + B included. In this case, the hole diameter of the air injection hole 41a is set to a size that allows the bulk dry cargo B to pass sufficiently. In this case, it is a premise that the bulk cargo B is not damaged by the collision between the bulk cargo B.

  Also, not only after the loading of bulk dry cargo B but also during the loading of bulk bulk dry cargo B or just before the end of loading, The step of flattening with an air flow not containing B and then restarting loading of the dry bulk cargo B may be performed once or several times.

  In addition, from the beginning to the end of the loading of the dry bulk cargo B, or from the middle, in parallel with the loading of the dry bulk cargo B, the flattening operation is performed with the flow of the air G not including the bulk dry cargo B. You may do it. In this case, the air pipe 43 may be piped separately from the cargo handling pipe 52 for the bulk-loaded dry cargo B, and the air G may be supplied to the air injection hole 41a, or in the vicinity of the air injection hole 41a. Alternatively, a separation device that separates the bulk cargo B from the air-fuel mixture A + B and extracts the air G may be provided, and the air G from the separation device may be supplied to the air injection holes 41a.

  Furthermore, when dry air enclosed in the cargo hold 10 to place the dry bulk cargo B loaded in the cargo hold 10 in the dry air atmosphere is used as the air G, the flattening and the dry air atmosphere can be simultaneously generated. Can be shortened.

  When the bulk load dry cargo B is stored in each cargo hold 10A, the loading pipe 31 is closed, the loading / unloading pipe 52 is removed, and the loading / unloading related to the cargo hold 10A is terminated. When loading and unloading of each cargo hold 10A is completed, preparations for departure from the port are made and the voyage is started.

  Next, the freight handling will be described. After entering the port, the air supply pipe 62 connected to the unloading blower 61 of the unloading land facility 60 of the unloading facility is connected to the air supply port 23 of the bulk carrier 1A (in FIG. 10, the side surface of the upper part of the hull). Connect to the upper side. In addition, a lifting piping 64 connected to the upper part of the temporary storage container 63 is connected to the cargo discharge port 24 of the bulk carrier 1A (in FIG. 10, the lower side of the upper side of the hull).

  After the connection, the lifting device 61 is driven and the dry air A is sent from the air supply port 23 to the gas transport pipe 22, and the bulk dry cargo B is discharged from the discharge port 15A of the cargo hold 10A by the discharge valve 21a. The gas transport pipe 22 is supplied while adjusting the flow rate. Accordingly, the bulk dry cargo B is transported to the temporary storage container 63 via the gas transport pipe 22, the cargo discharge port 24, and the unloading piping 64 by gas transport.

  From the temporary storage container 63, the bulk storage dry cargo B is transported to the upper part of the storage container 67 via the storage pipe 66 and stored in the storage container 67 by driving the storage air blower 65. The bulk dry cargo B stored in the storage container 67 is conveyed to various places by a freight car 68 or the like.

  After the unloading dry cargo B in the cargo hold 10A is unloaded, after the air supply port 23 is closed, the unloading piping 64 is removed and the cargo discharge port 24 is closed. As a result, lifting and unloading is completed, preparation for departure from the port is made, and the voyage is started.

  According to the bulk carrier 1, 1A having the above configuration, the bulk cargo B loaded in the cargo hold 10, 10A is ejected from the air ejection holes 41a of the air ejection device 41 shown in FIGS. By using the flow of the air G, the load upper surface of the dry cargo B can be leveled and substantially flattened, thereby reducing the empty space inside the cargo hold 10, 10A, and the cargo hold 10, The entire volume of 10A can be used effectively. In addition, it is possible to prevent a change in the center of gravity of the hull due to cargo collapse when the hull is shaken.

  Also, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, by changing or moving the air injection hole 41 a for injecting the air G in the vertical direction, the air G injected from the air injection hole 41 a is being loaded. Since the surface of the bulk cargo B can be further flattened on the surface of the bulk cargo B, the leveling operation can be completed almost simultaneously with the completion of the loading of the bulk cargo B, and the handling time can be shortened.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4, when a part or all of the air pipe 43 of the load flattening system 40 is configured to also serve as the input pipe 31 of the loading device for the bulk cargo dry cargo B, the load flattening system 40. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the number of air pipes 43 used only for the purpose, and it is not necessary to increase the complexity and size of the cargo handling facility, and it is possible to simplify the cargo handling operation. In addition, even during the loading of bulk cargo B, the bulk cargo B is surrounded by the flow of air G for flattening (unloading), which is also used for transfer, rather than directly below the inlets 14a and 14Aa. And can be flattened during loading. As a result, flattening can be completed almost simultaneously with the completion of loading, and the work time for loading and unloading can be shortened.

  Since the bulk carrier and bulk barge of the present invention can achieve the effects described above, in the prior art, in order to avoid damage and contamination, bagging and container transportation were performed, polymer pellets, etc. It can be used for transportation of powder and granular materials.

1,1A Bulk carrier 2 Ship bottom plate 3 Double bottom (inner bottom plate)
4 Ship side skin 5 Upper deck 6 Bulkhead 7 Cover structure 10, 10A Cargo hold 11, 11A Side wall part 12, 12A Inclined part 13 Inclined part 14, 14A Ceiling part 14a, 14Aa Inlet 15, 15A Outlet 21 Pipe for discharge 21a Valve for discharge 22 Gas transport pipe 23 Air supply port 24 Cargo discharge port 31 Pipe for loading 40 Load flattening system 41 Air injection device (gas injection device)
41a Air injection hole 42 Air supply source 43 Air piping 44 Control valve 45 Separation device 46 Bypass valve A Dry air B Bulk cargoes G Air for flattening (gas)

Claims (8)

  In a bulk carrier that loads bulk dry cargo into the cargo hold in a bulk state, gas injection for flattening the surface of the bulk dry cargo loaded in the cargo hold with a gas flow A bulk carrier characterized by the provision of a device.   In the upper range higher than the preset height of the cargo hold, a plurality of gas injection holes of the gas injection device are arranged in the vertical direction, and according to the height of the surface of the bulk dry cargo being loaded, The bulk carrier according to claim 1, wherein a gas injection hole for injecting gas is selected to inject gas.   The gas injection hole of the gas injection device is configured to move in the vertical direction according to the height of the surface of the bulk load dry cargo being loaded in the upper range higher than the preset height of the cargo hold. The bulk carrier according to claim 1.   The bulk carrier according to claim 1, wherein the gas injection direction of the gas injection hole is configured to be rotatable with respect to a vertical direction.   5. The gas pipe for sending gas to the gas jetting device partially or entirely serves as part of a pipe for loading dry bulk cargo. 6. Bulk carrier.   The bulk carrier according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein as the gas, dry air sealed for placing a dry bulk cargo loaded in the cargo hold in a dry air atmosphere is used. .   A bulk loading barge, wherein the bulk loading ship according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is formed as a barge ship having no propulsion device.   In a method of loading dry bulk cargo into a cargo hold for bulk loading, gas injection of a gas injection device is temporarily or intermittently or continuously during or after loading of dry bulk cargo. A bulk loading dry cargo loading method comprising flattening the mountain shape by applying a gas flow ejected from a hole to a surface of the mountain shape of the bulk loading dry cargo loaded inside the cargo hold.

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