JP2011088688A - Refuse collecting vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce noise by driving a refuse loading device only by electric power stored in advance, while preventing the deterioration in a battery by reducing a burden of the battery from a high load in a loading cycle. <P>SOLUTION: This refuse collecting vehicle includes the refuse loading device 4, an electric motor 7 for driving the refuse loading device, the battery 8, a capacitor 11 and a controller 12. The controller drives the electric motor by supplying the electric power to the electric motor from the battery and the capacitor at the relatively high timing of a loading load of refuse on the refuse loading device, and supplies the electric power to the electric motor from the battery at the relatively low timing of the loading load, and charges the capacitor by the electric power of the battery. High-low two pressure switches for detecting hydraulic pressure are also provided on a hydraulic circuit of the refuse loading device, and the controller determines the loading load based on the operation of the pressure switches. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a garbage collection vehicle equipped with a dust loading device driven by electric power.

In recent years, motorization of automobiles has become active, and there are some types of work vehicles that drive work equipment with electric power. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for operating a dust loading device with electric power from an induction machine driven by an engine and electric power from a battery when the loading load of the dust is high and the required electric power is high as in Patent Document 1. When the loading load is low, the dust loading device is operated only with the electric power from the induction machine, and the battery is charged with the surplus electric power from the induction machine.
However, in the technique of Patent Document 1, the dust loading device is driven by the electric power from the induction machine driven by the engine and the battery is charged, and there is a demand for improvement in terms of noise due to engine noise.
Moreover, although it is not a garbage collection vehicle, in invention of patent documents 2-4, a capacitor is provided in addition to a battery, and a capacitor is charged with regenerative energy.

  On the other hand, the refuse collection vehicle described in Patent Document 5 is equipped with a PTO system that drives a hydraulic pump of a dust loading device by an engine, and further includes a battery charged by an external power source and an electric motor that drives the hydraulic pump. Even when the engine is mounted and the engine is stopped, the dust loading device can be driven by the battery alone via the electric motor and the hydraulic pump.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-4702 JP 2009-62110 A JP 2008-295123 A JP-A-6-113407 JP 2005-329871 A

  By the way, in the dust compression process in the dust loader, a high torque is required for the motor that drives the dust loader, so that when the battery voltage is lowered, a large current is discharged in a short time. . For example, in the case of a 2-ton press car, a large current of 400 A or more is discharged. As is well known, there is a dust compression process in one loading cycle, and the loading cycle is repeated several times before the garbage truck is full of dust, so the compression process with high load is also steady. Repeated.

  According to the invention described in Patent Document 5, since the engine can be stopped during the dust loading operation by driving the dust loading device with the power of the battery charged in advance, the noise problem is solved. There is a problem that the work load of the loading device is entirely borne by the battery, and the battery is accelerated by repeated discharge of a large current as the loading cycle is repeated.

On the other hand, in the prior art described in Patent Documents 3 and 4, regenerative energy at the time of vehicle deceleration is stored in a capacitor and used.
However, since the garbage truck performs many loading cycle operations when the vehicle is stopped, the power of the capacitor is used up in the first loading cycle operation, and in the subsequent loading operation, the capacitor power is exhausted. Electricity cannot be used, and the load on the battery alone cannot be avoided.
In addition, in the garbage truck, there is no potential energy releasing operation in which regenerative energy can be obtained during the loading cycle, such as the load drop of a forklift described in Patent Document 2.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems in the prior art, and reduces the burden on the battery from a high load during the loading cycle to prevent the battery from deteriorating, and uses only the power stored in advance. It is an object of the present invention to provide a garbage collection vehicle capable of reducing noise by driving a dust loading device.

The invention according to claim 1 for solving the above-mentioned problems is a garbage truck equipped with a dust loading device for loading dust put into a dust throwing box into a dust containing box.
An electric motor that drives the dust loading device, a battery, a capacitor, and a controller;
The controller is
Supplying electric power from the battery and the capacitor to the electric motor at a time when the loading load of the dust applied to the dust loading device is relatively high,
The garbage collector is configured to supply electric power from the battery to the electric motor at a time when the loading load is relatively low and to charge the capacitor with electric power of the battery.

The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the dust loading device is hydraulically driven and has a pressure switch for detecting oil pressure on a hydraulic circuit of the dust loading device,
The said controller is a refuse collection vehicle of Claim 1 which judges the said loading load based on operation | movement of the said pressure switch.

In the invention according to claim 3, the controller provides a first value indicating a level of the loading load and a second value lower than the first value,
Supplying electric power from the battery and the capacitor to the electric motor at a time when the loading load is higher than a first value;
The dust collection according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, when the loading load is lower than a second value, power is supplied from the battery to the electric motor, and the capacitor is charged by the power of the battery. It is a car.

  According to the present invention, electric power is supplied from the battery and the capacitor to the electric motor at a time when the dust loading load applied to the dust loading device is relatively high, and from the battery to the electric motor at a time when the loading load is relatively low. Since the capacitor is charged by the battery power, the power is supplied from the battery to the electric motor at a low load during the loading cycle and the capacitor is powered by the battery power. By repeatedly charging and continuously supplying power from the battery and capacitor to the electric motor at the time of high load during the loading cycle, the load on the battery is reduced from the high load during loading cycle operation, and the battery is deteriorated. The noise can be reduced by driving the garbage loading device using only the pre-stored power. There is.

It is a schematic plan view of the garbage truck which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is an operation | movement figure which shows the loading cycle operation | movement of the refuse loading apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a hydraulic circuit diagram of the refuse loading apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the change of the electric current value and torque value of an electric motor accompanying the loading cycle operation | movement of the refuse loading apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the control flow of the drive electric power of the refuse loading apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, and the charging power of a capacitor.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The following is one embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the refuse collection vehicle 1 of the present embodiment includes a dust storage box 2, a dust input box 3, and a dust loading device 4.
The refuse storage box 2 is mounted on the vehicle body frame 5. The dust container 3 is connected to the rear end opening of the dust container 2, and the rear end opening of the dust container 2 and the internal space of the dust container 3 are communicated with each other.

  The dust loading device 4 is configured in the dust throwing box 3. As is well known, the dust loading device 4 includes a compression step of compressing dust held in and held at the bottom of the dust throwing box 3, and a load for loading the dust compressed in the compression step into the dust storage box 2. A predetermined dust loading cycle including a loading process is performed. As an example, as is well known, the dust loading device 4 includes a rotating panel at the bottom and a pushing panel at the top. The pushing panel swings back and forth. There is a method in which the compression process is performed by a rotating panel and the loading process is performed by a pushing panel. As another example, there is a method of performing the compression step and the loading step by a panel that moves up and down and rotates. Any method may be applied as the dust loading device 4, and another method may be applied. Since the dust loader 4 requires a significantly large output in the compression process, when the dust loader 4 is driven by the power of the battery, a large current is required to be discharged.

In this embodiment, a method classified as the latter is adopted.
As shown in FIG. 2, the loading device of the present embodiment includes an upper panel 4a, a center panel 4b, and a lower panel 4c. The center panel 4b and the lower panel 4c are rotatably connected to and supported by the lower end of the upper panel 4a. The center panel 4b and the lower panel 4c move up and down as the upper panel 4a moves up and down and rotate back and forth.

The loading cycle operation will be described with reference to FIG.
In the loading cycle operation, first, the lower panel 4c is reversed backward from the dust loading completion position shown in FIG. 2D (reversing operation: solid line → (a) in FIG. 2D). In addition, dust is thrown into the bottom space 3a of the dust throwing box 3 by the operator.
Next, the upper panel 4a is lowered together with the center panel 4b and the lower panel 4c, and the center panel 4b is reversed backward during the lowering (lowering operation: FIG. 2 (b)).
When the panels 4a, 4b, and 4c are lowered to the lowest position, the center panel 4b and the lower panel 4c are integrated and rotated forward to scrape dust (scraping operation: FIG. 2 (c)).
When the center panel 4b and the lower panel 4c rotate to the full front, the upper panel 4a is raised to the uppermost position together with the center panel 4b and the lower panel 4c, and the loading operation is completed (ascending operation: FIG. 2 (d)).
Thus, one loading cycle operation is completed. The dust loading device 4 repeats such loading cycle operation as many times as necessary to carry out the dust loading operation.

As shown in FIG. 1, the refuse collection vehicle 1 includes an electric motor 7 for driving the dust loading device 4, a battery 8, a hydraulic pump 9 for the dust loading device 4, a traveling engine 10, and a capacitor. 11 and a controller 12.
In the present embodiment, since the dust loading device 4 is hydraulically driven, the electric motor 7 directly drives the hydraulic pump 9 of the dust loading device 4 and the dust loading device via the hydraulic pump 9. 4 is driven.
The battery 8 is a secondary battery. For example, a lithium ion battery is used.

The controller 12 is connected to the battery 8 via an electric cable 13a, is connected to the capacitor 11 via an electric cable 13b, and is connected to the electric motor 7 via an electric cable 13c.
Further, the controller 12 is connected to electromagnetic actuators (solenoid valves a2 to a5, b2 to b5, etc.) for opening and closing valves configured on the hydraulic circuit of the dust loading device 4 shown in FIG. The operation of the dust loading device 4 including the operation is controlled.
Further, the controller 12 has a function as a power controller that performs drive control of the electric motor 7 using the power of the battery 8 or the power of the battery 8 and the capacitor 11 and charge control of the capacitor 11 using the power of the battery 8. Also equipped.
The controller 12 uses the battery 8 or the battery 8 and the capacitor 11 as a power source, generates a drive current of the electric motor 7 by an internal inverter, and inputs this to the electric motor 7 to drive the electric motor 7 to rotate.
The hydraulic pump 9 is rotationally driven by the rotational output of the electric motor 7. As shown in FIG. 3, the hydraulic pump 9 pumps the hydraulic oil to the pressure oil passage formed in the refuse loading device 4.

As shown in FIG. 3, the dust loading device 4 includes hydraulic cylinders 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 connected to the pressure oil passages via solenoid valves a <b> 2 to a <b> 5 and b <b> 2 to b <b> 5.
The hydraulic cylinder 14 rotates the dust input box 3 up and down to open and close the rear end opening of the dust storage box 2, the hydraulic cylinder 15 locks the dust input box 3 to the dust storage box 2, and the hydraulic cylinder 16 The upper cylinder 4a is moved up and down, the hydraulic cylinder 17 is scraped / reversed by the center panel 4b and the lower panel 4c, and the hydraulic cylinder 18 is installed in the dust container 2 for discharging the dust from the dust container 2. Responsible for discharging and returning the discharge plate.

  Two pressure switches 19H and 19L, which are turned on when the internal pressure increases, are attached to the pressure oil path between the hydraulic pump 9 and the solenoid valves a2 to a5 and b2 to b5. The pressure switch 19H is a switch that triggers discharge from the capacitor 11, and the pressure switch 19L is a switch that triggers charging of the capacitor 11. The switching pressure of the pressure switch 19H is set higher than the switching pressure of the pressure switch 19L. ing. ON / OFF signals of the pressure switches 19H and 19L are input to the controller 12.

The graph of FIG. 4 shows changes in the current value and torque value of the electric motor 7 that accompany the loading cycle operation of the refuse loading device 4.
In FIG. 4, periods Ta, Tb, Tc, and Td are periods required for the above-described reversing operation, descending operation, scraping operation, and ascending operation, respectively.
As shown in FIG. 4, it can be seen that high output is required in the latter period of the scraping operation period Tc and in the latter period of the ascending operation period Td.

With the control of the loading cycle operation, the controller 12 monitors the ON / OFF signals of the pressure switches 19H and 19L and performs power control as shown in the flowchart of FIG.
That is, when the dust loading start switch is turned on (YES in step S1), the controller 12 supplies the electric power of the battery 8 to the electric motor 7 and starts the loading cycle operation (step S2).
Next, the controller 12 determines whether or not the pressure switch 19H on the discharge side (higher side) is ON (step S3).
If YES in step S3, the controller 12 supplies power from the battery 8 and the capacitor 11 to the electric motor 7 to drive the electric motor 7 (step S4).
If NO in step S3, the controller 12 determines whether or not the charge side (low side) pressure switch 19H is OFF (step S5).
If YES in step S5, the controller 12 supplies power to the electric motor 7 from only the battery 8 to drive the electric motor 7, and charges the capacitor 11 with the power of the battery 8 (step S6).

With the control described above, the controller 12 supplies power from the battery 8 and the capacitor 11 to the electric motor 7 at a time when the dust loading load applied to the dust loading device 4 is relatively high. At a low time, power is supplied from the battery 8 to the electric motor 7 and the capacitor 11 is charged by the power of the battery 8.
By designing the switching pressure of the pressure switch 19H on the discharge side (higher side) to correspond to the first value P shown in FIG. 4, it exists in the latter period of the scraping operation period Tc and the later period of the rising operation period Td. At the time of a high load exceeding the first value P, electric power is supplied from the battery 8 and the capacitor 11 to the electric motor 7, and the load on the battery 8 is reduced from the high load during the loading cycle operation to prevent the battery 8 from deteriorating. be able to.
On the other hand, by designing the switching pressure of the charging side (low side) pressure switch 19H to correspond to the second value Q shown in FIG. 4, the inversion operation period Ta, the lowering operation period Tb, and the scraping operation period Tc. Furthermore, when the load is lower than the second value Q during the stop period of the loading operation, the battery 8 is supplied with electric power from the battery 8 and the capacitor 11 is charged with the electric power of the battery 8, so that the battery 8 becomes large. The electric power discharged at the time of the high load can be stored in the capacitor 11 without imposing a burden.

  In order to implement the power control that can be switched at the time of high load and low load as described above, the control is not limited to the control in which the pressure switches 19H and 19L are turned on, but may be implemented in any other form. For example, in order to determine the level of the loading load, the controller 12 determines the level of the loading load based on the input current value to the electric motor 7 shown in FIG. 4 instead of the pressure value of the hydraulic pressure as described above. It is good. It may be replaced with another parameter corresponding to the loading load level.

  Further, the power control may be switched by a predetermined program linked to the control signal of the loading operation without detecting the level of the loading load in implementation. As shown in FIG. 4, the time when the loading load becomes high is fixed in relation to the loading operation. Therefore, by controlling the power supply from the battery 8 and the capacitor 11 to the electric motor 7 and the charging of the capacitor 11 by the power of the battery 8 based on the input control signal to the actuator configured in the dust loading device 4, Electric power is supplied from the battery 8 and the capacitor 11 to the electric motor 7 when the loading load of the dust applied to the loading device 4 is relatively high, and from the battery 8 to the electric motor 7 when the loading load is relatively low. You may implement | achieve charging the capacitor 11 with the electric power of the battery 8 while supplying electric power.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dust collection truck 2 Dust storage box 3 Dust input box 4 Dust loading device 5 Body frame 7 Electric motor 8 Battery 9 Hydraulic pump 10 Engine 11 Capacitor 12 Controller 19H Pressure switch 19L Pressure switch P First value Q Second value Ta inversion operation period Tb falling operation period Tc scraping operation period Td rising operation period

Claims (3)

In a garbage collector equipped with a dust loading device that loads dust into a dust storage box into the dust box.
An electric motor that drives the dust loading device, a battery, a capacitor, and a controller;
The controller is
Supplying electric power from the battery and the capacitor to the electric motor at a time when the loading load of the dust applied to the dust loading device is relatively high,
A garbage collection vehicle that supplies electric power from the battery to the electric motor and charges the capacitor with electric power from the battery at a time when the loading load is relatively low. The dust loading device is hydraulically driven, and has a pressure switch for detecting oil pressure on a hydraulic circuit of the dust loading device;
The refuse collection vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the controller determines the loading load based on an operation of the pressure switch. The controller provides a first value indicating a level of the loading load and a second value lower than the first value,
Supplying electric power from the battery and the capacitor to the electric motor at a time when the loading load is higher than a first value;
The dust collection according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, when the loading load is lower than a second value, power is supplied from the battery to the electric motor, and the capacitor is charged by the power of the battery. car.

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