JP2011064411A - Waste treatment method and waste treatment facility - Google Patents

Waste treatment method and waste treatment facility Download PDF

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JP2011064411A
JP2011064411A JP2009216024A JP2009216024A JP2011064411A JP 2011064411 A JP2011064411 A JP 2011064411A JP 2009216024 A JP2009216024 A JP 2009216024A JP 2009216024 A JP2009216024 A JP 2009216024A JP 2011064411 A JP2011064411 A JP 2011064411A
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waste
grate
pyrolysis residue
combustion chamber
drying shaft
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JP5534500B2 (en
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Nobuhiro Tanigaki
信宏 谷垣
Yasuhiko Kato
也寸彦 加藤
Junichi Takada
純一 高田
Atsushi Kobayashi
淳志 小林
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Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waste treatment method and a waste treatment facility enabling efficient waste treatment by incinerating pyrolysis residue obtained by drying and pyrolyzing waste in a combustion chamber and reducing initial cost and running cost. <P>SOLUTION: Gas generated in a grate part 6 for generating pyrolysis residue is made to pass through a waste filling layer 15 formed by charging waste from a top of the drying shaft part 5 for drying and pyrolyzing the waste into the drying shaft part 5, to dry and pyrolyze the waste. The gas passed through the waste filling layer 15 is discharged from the top of the drying shaft part 5, and the waste dried and pyrolyzed in the drying shaft part 5 is further pyrolyzed in the grate part 6 to generate pyrolysis residue. The generated pyrolysis residue is supplied to the combustion chamber installed at a rear stage of the grate part 6, burned and incinerated. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、廃棄物の乾燥・熱分解により熱分解残渣を生成させ、生成した熱分解残渣を燃焼室に供給して燃焼させることにより焼却処理する廃棄物処理方法及び廃棄物処理設備に関する。   The present invention relates to a waste processing method and a waste processing facility for generating a thermal decomposition residue by drying / pyrolysis of waste, incineration processing by supplying the generated thermal decomposition residue to a combustion chamber and burning it.

一般廃棄物、産業廃棄物などの廃棄物をシャフト炉式廃棄物溶融炉で溶融処理することが行われている。図３に示すように、溶融炉３１に廃棄物がコークス、石灰石などの副資材とともに、炉上部から装入装置３２により装入される。装入された廃棄物は、炉内で乾燥、熱分解、燃焼、溶融の過程を経て出湯口３３から溶融物として排出される。廃棄物中の可燃物は、一部が熱分解されてガスとなって炉頂から排出され、一部は炉下部で羽口３４から吹き込まれた空気および酸素によって燃焼するが、残りの可燃物は可燃性ダストとなって溶融炉３１の炉頂から排出される。   A waste material such as general waste and industrial waste is melted in a shaft furnace type waste melting furnace. As shown in FIG. 3, the waste is charged into the melting furnace 31 together with auxiliary materials such as coke and limestone from the upper part of the furnace by a charging device 32. The charged waste is discharged as a melt from the hot water outlet 33 through processes of drying, thermal decomposition, combustion, and melting in the furnace. The combustibles in the waste are partly pyrolyzed and discharged as gas from the top of the furnace, and part of the combustibles are combusted by the air and oxygen blown from the tuyere 34 at the bottom of the furnace, but the remaining combustibles Becomes combustible dust and is discharged from the top of the melting furnace 31.

溶融炉３１の炉頂から排出される可燃性ダストは、可燃性ダスト捕集装置３５で捕集されて可燃性ダスト貯蔵タンク３６に貯蔵され、可燃性ダスト切出装置３７で切り出されて酸素富化空気を供給する羽口３４から炉内へ吹き込まれる。可燃性ダスト捕集装置３５を通過した排ガスは後段の燃焼室で燃焼される。     The combustible dust discharged from the top of the melting furnace 31 is collected by the combustible dust collecting device 35, stored in the combustible dust storage tank 36, cut out by the combustible dust cutting device 37, and enriched with oxygen. It is blown into the furnace from the tuyere 34 for supplying the crystallization air. The exhaust gas that has passed through the combustible dust collecting device 35 is burned in the combustion chamber at the subsequent stage.

溶融炉による廃棄物溶融処理では、処理物を溶融するための主燃料として使用されるコークスの処理費用に占める割合が大きいので、処理費用を節約するためにコークスの使用量を低減することが望まれている。     In waste melting treatment using a melting furnace, the proportion of coke used as the main fuel for melting the processed material is large, and it is hoped that the amount of coke used will be reduced in order to save processing costs. It is rare.

一方で、地球温暖化防止の観点から、化石燃料に由来するコークスを溶融熱源として用いるので、環境に対するＣＯ２負荷を削減することからもコークス使用量の削減が望まれている。 On the other hand, from the viewpoint of preventing global warming, coke derived from fossil fuels is used as a melting heat source, so that reduction of coke usage is also desired in order to reduce the CO 2 load on the environment.

コークス使用量を低減させるため、例えば、羽口を介して炉頂から排出した可燃性ダストとともに、可燃性ダスト以外の可燃物を吹き込む方法（特許文献１）、下段送風羽口から供給される酸素量（Ａ）に対する、捕集され該下段送風羽口から供給される可燃性ダストとコークスの量および組成から求まる理論酸素量（Ｂ）の比率（Ｂ／Ａ）を、０．５〜１．０の範囲になるように、可燃性ダストの吹き込み量に応じて送風条件を変える方法（特許文献２）、加熱コイルによって炉内に充填されたコークスを羽口から吹き込まれた空気又は酸素富化空気により還元燃焼せしめるとともに、該コークスに交番電流を通電して誘導加熱することにより廃棄物を溶融処理する廃棄物の溶融処理方法（特許文献３）あるいは、木材などのバイオマスを利用する方法（特許文献４）などが提案されている。     In order to reduce the amount of coke used, for example, a method of injecting combustible materials other than combustible dust together with combustible dust discharged from the top of the furnace through the tuyere (Patent Document 1), oxygen supplied from the lower blowing tuyere The ratio (B / A) of the theoretical oxygen amount (B) obtained from the amount and composition of the combustible dust and coke collected and supplied from the lower air tuyeres to the amount (A) is 0.5 to 1. Method to change the blowing conditions according to the amount of flammable dust blown so as to be in the range of 0 (Patent Document 2), enrichment of air or oxygen blown from the tuyere of coke filled in the furnace by a heating coil A waste-melting method (Patent Document 3) in which waste is melted by reducing and burning with air and inductively heating the coke with an alternating current, or biomass such as wood And a method of use (Patent Document 4) have been proposed.

特許文献５には、ストーカ群で生成した未燃炭素分を含む残渣を未燃炭素分の燃焼熱にて溶融し、ストーカ炉を高温化することなく主灰の改質による資源化を行うことが開示されている。この技術は、ストーカ高温化による主灰および飛灰の溶融固着を防止し、熱分解残渣溶融部冷却に伴うヒートロスによる熱効率低下を改善するためのもので、ストーカ上の廃棄物温度を１０００℃以下の低温にて部分燃焼させ安定したガス化を行うというものである。     In Patent Document 5, the residue containing unburned carbon generated in the stoker group is melted by the combustion heat of the unburned carbon, and resource is recycled by reforming the main ash without increasing the temperature of the stoker furnace. Is disclosed. This technology prevents melting and fixing of the main ash and fly ash due to high temperature of the stoker, and improves the reduction in thermal efficiency due to heat loss caused by cooling of the pyrolysis residue melting part. The gas is stabilized by partial combustion at a low temperature.

特開２００６−２０７９１１号公報JP 2006-207911 A 特開２００３−０５６８２０号公報JP 2003-056820 A 特開２００２−０５４８１０号公報JP 2002-054810 A 特開２００７−９３０６９号公報JP 2007-93069 A 特開２００３−１６６７０５号公報JP 2003-166705 A

ストーカ炉は、一般的に火格子断面処理率は２００ｋｇ／ｍ２／ｈ前後であり、廃棄物を完全燃焼させるためには、火格子を大きくしなければならず、イニシャルコストが高くなる。また、完全燃焼するための燃焼火格子は高温のために損傷しやすく、メンテナンス費用が高くなる。 The stoker furnace generally has a grate cross-section treatment rate of around 200 kg / m 2 / h. In order to completely burn the waste, the grate has to be enlarged, and the initial cost becomes high. Also, the combustion grate for complete combustion is easily damaged due to the high temperature, and the maintenance cost is high.

廃棄物溶融炉は、コークスを使用して溶融処理するので、最終処分量は少ないものの、外部燃料の使用量が多く、ＣＯ２排出量が多い。また、溶融を行うために設備点数が多いのでイニシャルコストが高くなる。 In the waste melting furnace, since coke is used for melting, the final disposal amount is small, but the amount of external fuel used is large and the amount of CO 2 emission is large. In addition, since the number of equipment is large for melting, the initial cost becomes high.

このように、従来の廃棄物処理炉では、設備が大きくなったり、高機能化等によりイニシャルコストが非常に高くなったりしており、イニシャルコストを削減した効率的な廃棄物処理システムが望まれている。   As described above, in the conventional waste treatment furnace, the initial cost is very high due to an increase in facilities and high functionality, and an efficient waste treatment system with reduced initial cost is desired. ing.

そこで、本発明は、廃棄物を乾燥・熱分解して得られた熱分解残渣を燃焼室で焼却処理することにより廃棄物処理を効率化するとともに、イニシャルコスト及びランニングコストを低減することができる廃棄物処理方法及び廃棄物処理設備を提供するものである。   Therefore, the present invention can incinerate the pyrolysis residue obtained by drying and pyrolyzing the waste in the combustion chamber to improve the waste treatment efficiency and reduce the initial cost and the running cost. A waste disposal method and a waste disposal facility are provided.

本発明の廃棄物処理方法は、廃棄物を乾燥・熱分解する乾燥用シャフト部の頂部から廃棄物を乾燥用シャフト部内に装入して形成した廃棄物充填層に、熱分解残渣を生成する火格子部で発生したガスを通過させて廃棄物を乾燥・熱分解させるとともに、廃棄物充填層を通過したガスは乾燥用シャフト部の頂部から排出し、乾燥用シャフト部で乾燥・熱分解した廃棄物を火格子部でさらに熱分解して熱分解残渣を生成し、生成した熱分解残渣を乾燥シャフト部の後段に設置されている燃焼室に供給し燃焼させて焼却することを特徴とする。   The waste treatment method of the present invention generates a pyrolysis residue in a waste filling layer formed by charging waste into the drying shaft portion from the top of the drying shaft portion for drying and pyrolyzing the waste. The gas generated in the grate is passed through to dry and thermally decompose the waste, and the gas that has passed through the waste packed bed is discharged from the top of the drying shaft and dried and pyrolyzed at the drying shaft. Waste is further pyrolyzed in a grate section to generate a pyrolysis residue, and the generated pyrolysis residue is supplied to a combustion chamber installed at the subsequent stage of the drying shaft section and burned for incineration. .

また、本発明の廃棄物処理設備は、廃棄物装入口及び排ガス排気口が頂部に設けられ、廃棄物装入口から廃棄物が装入されて形成された廃棄物充填層に火格子部で発生したガスを通過させて廃棄物を乾燥・熱分解させるとともに、廃棄物充填層を通過したガスが排ガス排気口から排出される乾燥用シャフト部と、乾燥用シャフト部の下部に接続され、乾燥用シャフト部で乾燥した廃棄物を熱分解して熱分解残渣を生成し、生成された熱分解残渣を排出する熱分解残渣排出口を有する火格子部を備え、乾燥シャフト部の後段に設置され、熱分解残渣排出口から排出されて供給される熱分解残渣を燃焼させて焼却する燃焼室を備えたことを特徴とする。   In addition, the waste treatment facility of the present invention has a waste charging inlet and an exhaust gas exhaust outlet at the top, and a waste filling layer formed by charging waste from the waste charging inlet is generated in the grate portion. The waste gas is dried and pyrolyzed by passing the waste gas, and the gas that has passed through the waste packed bed is connected to the drying shaft part from the exhaust gas exhaust port and the lower part of the drying shaft part for drying. The waste dried in the shaft part is pyrolyzed to produce a pyrolysis residue, equipped with a grate part having a pyrolysis residue discharge port for discharging the generated pyrolysis residue, installed at the rear stage of the dry shaft part, A combustion chamber is provided for combusting and incinerating the pyrolysis residue discharged and supplied from the pyrolysis residue discharge port.

本発明では、乾燥用シャフト部にて廃棄物を乾燥・乾留し、廃棄物の部分燃焼排ガスを廃棄物充填層に通し、廃棄物と燃焼排ガスとを熱交換することによって、通常のストーカ炉式焼却炉と比較して、火格子部を小さくすることができる。その結果、イニシャルコストおよびランニングコストを低減させることが可能となる。   In the present invention, the waste is dried and carbonized at the drying shaft portion, the partial combustion exhaust gas of the waste is passed through the waste filling layer, and the waste and the combustion exhaust gas are heat-exchanged. Compared with an incinerator, a grate part can be made small. As a result, the initial cost and running cost can be reduced.

さらに生成した熱分解残渣を火格子部の後段に設置されている燃焼室で燃焼することで炭化物を完全燃焼し、飛灰として排出することが可能となる。このようにすることで、従来のシャフト炉式ガス化溶融炉にて必要であったコークス等の外部燃料が不要となり、ランニングコストおよびＣＯ２排出量低減が可能となる。 Further, the generated pyrolysis residue is burned in a combustion chamber installed at the rear stage of the grate portion, whereby the carbide can be completely burned and discharged as fly ash. This eliminates the need for external fuel such as coke, which is necessary in conventional shaft furnace type gasification and melting furnaces, and enables reduction in running costs and CO 2 emissions.

また、生成された炭化物は系内(燃焼室)にて完全焼却を行うため、可燃性の炭化物のハンドリングを行う必要がなく、イニシャルコスト低減を行うことができる。   Further, since the generated carbide is completely incinerated in the system (combustion chamber), it is not necessary to handle the combustible carbide, and the initial cost can be reduced.

本発明廃棄物処理のフロー図である。It is a flowchart of this invention waste processing. 本発明の廃棄物溶融処理設備の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the waste melting processing equipment of this invention. 従来の廃棄物溶融処理設備の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the conventional waste fusion processing equipment.

本発明を、図面を参照しながら説明する。   The present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図１、図２において、本発明の廃棄物処理設備は、熱分解残渣生成装置１の後段に燃焼室２が配置される。熱分解残渣生成装置１と燃焼室２の間には、破砕装置３、篩い分け装置４が配置される。   1 and 2, in the waste treatment facility of the present invention, a combustion chamber 2 is arranged at the rear stage of the thermal decomposition residue generating apparatus 1. Between the pyrolysis residue production | generation apparatus 1 and the combustion chamber 2, the crushing apparatus 3 and the sieving apparatus 4 are arrange | positioned.

図２において、熱分解残渣生成装置１は、装入された廃棄物を乾燥する乾燥用シャフト部５、乾燥された廃棄物を熱分解して熱分解残渣７を生成する火格子部６からなる。乾燥用シャフト部５が火格子部６の入側の上方に配置され、火格子部６の出側の下方に熱分解残渣排出装置８が配置されている。熱分解残渣排出装置８により火格子部６にて生成された熱分解残渣７と火格子部６の間から落下した残渣とを合わせて熱分解残渣排出口９へ排出し、燃焼室２へ供給する。熱分解残渣排出装置８はスクリューコンベア、プッシャー等が使用できる。   In FIG. 2, the thermal decomposition residue production | generation apparatus 1 consists of the drying shaft part 5 which dries the inserted waste, and the grate part 6 which thermally decomposes the dried waste and produces | generates the thermal decomposition residue 7. In FIG. . The drying shaft portion 5 is disposed above the entrance side of the grate portion 6, and the pyrolysis residue discharge device 8 is disposed below the exit side of the grate portion 6. The pyrolysis residue 7 generated in the grate part 6 by the pyrolysis residue discharge device 8 and the residue dropped from between the grate parts 6 are combined and discharged to the pyrolysis residue discharge port 9 and supplied to the combustion chamber 2 To do. As the pyrolysis residue discharge device 8, a screw conveyor, a pusher, or the like can be used.

乾燥用シャフト部５の頂部には、廃棄物装入口１０と排ガス出口１１が設けられる。乾燥用シャフト部５内に廃棄物装入口１０から装入された廃棄物により廃棄物充填層１５が形成される。廃棄物充填層１５は火格子部６で発生したガスが通過し、廃棄物充填層１５を通過して抜けたガスは頂部の排ガス出口１１から排出される。排ガス出口１１から排出される可燃性ガス、可燃性ダストはダクト１２により燃焼室２へ導入される。   A waste charging inlet 10 and an exhaust gas outlet 11 are provided at the top of the drying shaft portion 5. A waste filling layer 15 is formed by the waste charged from the waste inlet 10 into the drying shaft portion 5. The gas generated in the grate portion 6 passes through the waste packed bed 15, and the gas that has passed through the waste packed bed 15 is discharged from the top exhaust gas outlet 11. The combustible gas and combustible dust discharged from the exhaust gas outlet 11 are introduced into the combustion chamber 2 through the duct 12.

乾燥用シャフト部５の下部には火格子部６が接続されている。火格子部６は、乾燥用シャフト部５で乾燥、熱分解された廃棄物をさらに熱分解させて熱分解残渣７を生成して移動させる火格子を備えている。火格子部６は、スト−カ炉と同様に、可動火格子１３と固定火格子１４とを交互に階段状又は傾斜状に組み合せることにより形成されており、各可動火格子１３を流体圧シリンダ等の駆動装置で前後方向へ一定のピッチで往復動させる火格子構造とする。   A grate portion 6 is connected to the lower portion of the drying shaft portion 5. The grate unit 6 includes a grate that further decomposes the waste dried and pyrolyzed by the drying shaft unit 5 to generate and move a pyrolysis residue 7. The grate portion 6 is formed by combining the movable grate 13 and the fixed grate 14 alternately in a staircase shape or an inclined shape, as in the case of the stoker furnace. A grate structure that is reciprocated at a constant pitch in the front-rear direction by a driving device such as a cylinder.

火格子燃焼負荷が１０００ｋｇ／ｍ２／ｈ以上である場合、廃棄物は乾燥用シャフト部および火格子部にて乾燥・乾留することができない。結果として、炭化物吹込装置のスペックが大となる可能性ある。さらに、燃焼室での燃焼性も悪化する可能性があり、滞留時間を長くするため燃焼室を大きくする必要あり、イニシャルコストアップになる。 When the grate combustion load is 1000 kg / m 2 / h or more, the waste cannot be dried and carbonized at the drying shaft portion and the grate portion. As a result, the specifications of the carbide blowing device may increase. Further, the combustibility in the combustion chamber may be deteriorated, and it is necessary to enlarge the combustion chamber in order to lengthen the residence time, resulting in an initial cost increase.

ストーカ式焼却炉の燃焼率は２００ｋｇ／ｍ２／ｈ程度であるが、本方式では、３００ｋｇ／ｍ２／ｈ以下にすると、設備が大きくなるだけでなく、廃棄物が完全に燃焼してしまう。結果として、後段に設置されている燃焼室での炭化物燃焼性が悪化してしまう。さらに、火格子上で廃棄物を完全燃焼させてしまうことにより、火格子および周辺耐火物の損耗が激しくなり、ランニングコストの増大につながる。 The combustion rate of the stoker-type incinerator is about 200 kg / m 2 / h. However, in this method, if it is set to 300 kg / m 2 / h or less, not only the equipment becomes large, but also the waste burns completely. . As a result, the carbide combustibility in the combustion chamber installed in the subsequent stage is deteriorated. Furthermore, since the waste is completely burned on the grate, the grate and the surrounding refractories are worn out significantly, leading to an increase in running cost.

本実施例では、火格子部６は前段の火格子群６ａと後段の火格子群６ｂの２段階に分かれ、火格子部６における廃棄物乾燥乾留状況によって、前段の火格子群６ａと後段火格子群６ｂの火格子速度、送風量および温度をそれぞれ調整する。   In this embodiment, the grate unit 6 is divided into two stages, a front stage grate group 6a and a rear stage grate group 6b, and the front stage grate group 6a and the rear stage grate depending on the waste dry distillation condition in the grate unit 6. The grate speed, the air flow rate, and the temperature of the lattice group 6b are adjusted.

火格子部を前段の火格子群６ａと後段の火格子群６ｂの２段とすることで、火格子部６における廃棄物の撹拌を強化することができ、より効率的に乾燥乾留を行うことが可能となる。さらに、それぞれの可動火格子１３の駆動速度、火格子からの送風量、送風温度等を個別に変化させることによって廃棄物の乾燥乾留を適正化することが可能となる。このようにすることによって、火格子燃焼負荷を３００〜１０００ｋｇ／ｈ／ｍ２の範囲とすることができ、火格子部位の設備を小さくすることが可能となる。なお、火格子部６は、３段、４段としても良いが、縦横比が長くなるために最適な段数を選定することが重要である。 By making the grate part into two stages of the front grate group 6a and the rear grate group 6b, the stirring of the waste in the grate part 6 can be strengthened, and dry dry distillation can be performed more efficiently. Is possible. Furthermore, it is possible to optimize the dry dry distillation of waste by individually changing the driving speed of each movable grate 13, the amount of air blown from the grate, the air temperature, and the like. By doing in this way, a grate combustion load can be made into the range of 300-1000 kg / h / m < 2 >, and it becomes possible to make the installation of a grate part small. The grate unit 6 may have three stages and four stages, but it is important to select an optimal number of stages in order to increase the aspect ratio.

また、前段の火格子群６ａと後段火格子群６ｂがそれぞれ独立した駆動装置を有する。前段の火格子群６ａと後段火格子群６ｂのそれぞれに独立した駆動装置を有することで、火格子部６における廃棄物の乾燥乾留状況を容易に制御することが可能となる。例えば、乾燥乾留状態が不十分である場合は１段目と比較して２段目の火格子駆動速度を遅くすることによって乾燥・乾留状態を改善することが可能となる。独立した駆動装置を有することによって、廃棄物の乾燥・乾留を効率的に行うことができる。効率的な制御が行えることによって、火格子部６を小さくすることが可能となり、イニシャルコストを低減することができる。   Further, the front-stage grate group 6a and the rear-stage grate group 6b have independent drive devices. By having independent drive devices for the front-stage grate group 6a and the rear-stage grate group 6b, it becomes possible to easily control the dry and dry distillation state of waste in the grate unit 6. For example, when the dry and dry distillation state is insufficient, it is possible to improve the dry and dry distillation state by slowing the grate driving speed of the second stage as compared with the first stage. By having an independent driving device, it is possible to efficiently dry and dry-distill waste. Since efficient control can be performed, the grate portion 6 can be made smaller, and the initial cost can be reduced.

前記構成において、乾燥用シャフト部５の頂部の廃棄物装入口１０から廃棄物が乾燥用シャフト部５内に装入され、充填されて形成された廃棄物充填層に火格子部６で発生した排ガスが通過することによって熱交換されて廃棄物の乾燥および熱分解を効率化することが可能となる。乾燥用シャフト部５の廃棄物充填層１５を通過した排ガスは、排ガス出口１１から排気される。   In the above configuration, waste is charged into the drying shaft portion 5 from the waste inlet 10 at the top of the drying shaft portion 5 and filled in the waste filling layer formed in the grate portion 6. When the exhaust gas passes, heat exchange is performed, and it becomes possible to improve the efficiency of drying and pyrolysis of the waste. The exhaust gas that has passed through the waste filling layer 15 of the drying shaft portion 5 is exhausted from the exhaust gas outlet 11.

乾燥用シャフト部５で乾燥、熱分解された廃棄物は、火格子部６でさらに熱分解させて熱分解残渣７を生成する。生成された熱分解残渣７は、火格子部６の間から落下した残渣と合わせて熱分解残渣排出装置８により熱分解残渣排出口９へ排出し、燃焼室２へ供給する。   The waste dried and pyrolyzed by the drying shaft portion 5 is further pyrolyzed by the grate portion 6 to generate a pyrolysis residue 7. The generated pyrolysis residue 7 together with the residue dropped from between the grate portions 6 is discharged to the pyrolysis residue discharge port 9 by the pyrolysis residue discharge device 8 and supplied to the combustion chamber 2.

火格子部６から落下する灰は完全燃焼したものもあれば、炭化物のままの形状のものも存在する。従って、生成された熱分解残渣とあわせて燃焼室２に供給し、焼却処理することによって最終処分量を低減することが可能となる。燃焼室２の排ガスは、ボイラで熱回収され、排ガス温度調節器、ろ過式集じん機、誘引送風機を経て煙突から放出される。   Some of the ash falling from the grate portion 6 is completely burned, and some of the ash is in the form of carbides. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the final disposal amount by supplying it to the combustion chamber 2 together with the generated pyrolysis residue and subjecting it to incineration. The exhaust gas in the combustion chamber 2 is recovered by a boiler and discharged from the chimney through an exhaust gas temperature controller, a filtration dust collector, and an induction fan.

熱分解残渣排出口９から排出された熱分解残渣７は、破砕装置３で破砕、篩い分け装置で金属類を篩い分け、あるいは破砕装置３で破砕後に篩い分け装置４で金属類を篩い分けを行った後に燃焼室２に供給する。乾燥シャフト部５、火格子部６にて廃棄物を乾燥・熱分解した場合、熱分解残渣の中にはペーパーフレイク状のものも多く、これらは形状が大きいため比較的燃焼しにくく、完全燃焼させるためには高温域での滞留時間を長くとる必要がある。この場合、熱分解残渣生成装置１の後段に配置されている燃焼室２を大きくし、滞留時間を確保しなければならず、イニシャルコスト増となる。従って、生成された熱分解残渣を飾い分けして、粒径の小さいものだけを燃焼室２に供給することで燃焼室２での滞留時間を長くすることなく、熱分解残渣を完全燃焼することが可能となり、イニシャルコスト低減を行うことができる。   The pyrolysis residue 7 discharged from the pyrolysis residue discharge port 9 is crushed with a crushing device 3 and sieved with a sieving device, or after crushing with a crushing device 3 and sieved with a sieving device 4 After performing, the fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber 2. When the waste is dried and pyrolyzed at the drying shaft 5 and the grate 6, some of the pyrolysis residues are paper flake-like, and these are large and relatively difficult to burn. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to increase the residence time in the high temperature range. In this case, it is necessary to enlarge the combustion chamber 2 disposed in the subsequent stage of the thermal decomposition residue generating apparatus 1 to ensure a residence time, resulting in an increase in initial cost. Therefore, the generated pyrolysis residue is decorated, and only the small particle size is supplied to the combustion chamber 2 so that the residence time in the combustion chamber 2 is not increased and the pyrolysis residue is completely burned. Therefore, the initial cost can be reduced.

また、金属類等の燃焼不適物も多く含まれており、燃焼室２での安定燃焼を維持するためにはこれらの不燃物類を除去することが望ましい。アルミや金属選別を行った方が燃焼室２におけるよりよい燃焼性を確保することが可能となる。篩い分け装置は、例えば、トロンメルまたは振動飾を使用することができる。   Moreover, many non-combustible materials such as metals are included, and it is desirable to remove these non-combustible materials in order to maintain stable combustion in the combustion chamber 2. It is possible to ensure better combustibility in the combustion chamber 2 by performing aluminum or metal sorting. As the sieving device, for example, a trommel or a vibration decoration can be used.

また、破砕を行うことで粒径の大きい炭化物を小さくし、燃焼性を高めることができる。こうして生成される炭化物のほぼ全量を燃焼室にて燃焼処理することが可能となり、最終処分量を低減することができる。   Moreover, by performing crushing, the carbide having a large particle size can be reduced and the combustibility can be improved. Thus, almost all of the generated carbide can be combusted in the combustion chamber, and the final disposal amount can be reduced.

また、空気比を１．０以下とすることによって乾燥用シャフト部５および火格子部６にて廃棄物を乾燥・乾留し、熱分解残渣を生成することが可能となる。できれば０．３〜０．８の範囲が望ましい。   Further, by setting the air ratio to 1.0 or less, it becomes possible to dry and dry-distill the waste in the drying shaft portion 5 and the grate portion 6 to generate a thermal decomposition residue. If possible, the range of 0.3 to 0.8 is desirable.

空気比が１．０を超える場合、廃棄物は火格子部６にて完全燃焼する。完全燃焼した排熱は乾燥用シャフト部５にて廃棄物と熱交換され、熱分解ガスが発生する。しかし、火格子部６にて廃棄物を完全燃焼させているため、乾燥シャフト頂部から排出される発生ガスのカロリーは非常に低く、後段に設置されている燃焼室２での燃焼性が悪化し、安定操業することが困難となる。この燃焼性を改善するためにはバーナーポート形状を複雑にするなどの対策が必要であり、イニシャルコストが増大する。   When the air ratio exceeds 1.0, the waste is completely burned in the grate portion 6. Exhaust heat completely burned is exchanged with waste in the drying shaft portion 5 to generate pyrolysis gas. However, since the waste is completely burned in the grate portion 6, the calories of the gas emitted from the top of the drying shaft are very low, and the combustibility in the combustion chamber 2 installed in the subsequent stage deteriorates. It becomes difficult to operate stably. In order to improve this combustibility, measures such as making the shape of the burner port complicated are necessary, and the initial cost increases.

１：熱分解残渣生成装置 ２：燃焼室
３：破砕装置 ４：篩い分け装置
５：乾燥用シャフト部 ６：火格子部
７：熱分解残渣 ８：熱分解残渣排出装置
９：熱分解残渣排出口 １０：廃棄物装入口
１１：排ガス出口 １２：ダクト
１３：可動火格子 １４：固定火格子
１５：廃棄物充填層 1: Pyrolysis residue generating device 2: Combustion chamber 3: Crushing device 4: Sieving device 5: Drying shaft portion 6: Grate portion 7: Pyrolysis residue 8: Pyrolysis residue discharge device 9: Pyrolysis residue discharge port 10: Waste inlet 11: Exhaust gas outlet 12: Duct 13: Movable grate 14: Fixed grate 15: Waste packed bed

Claims (11)

廃棄物を乾燥・熱分解する乾燥用シャフト部の頂部から廃棄物を乾燥用シャフト部内に装入して形成した廃棄物充填層に、熱分解残渣を生成する火格子部で発生したガスを通過させて廃棄物を乾燥・熱分解させるとともに、廃棄物充填層を通過したガスは乾燥用シャフト部の頂部から排出し、
乾燥用シャフト部で乾燥・熱分解した廃棄物を火格子部でさらに熱分解して熱分解残渣を生成し、
生成した熱分解残渣を乾燥用シャフト部の後段に設置されている燃焼室に供給し燃焼させて焼却することを特徴とする廃棄物処理方法。 Gas generated in the grate that generates pyrolysis residue passes through the waste filling layer formed by charging waste into the drying shaft from the top of the drying shaft that drys and pyrolyzes waste. The waste is dried and pyrolyzed, and the gas that has passed through the waste packed bed is discharged from the top of the drying shaft,
Waste that has been dried and pyrolyzed at the drying shaft is further pyrolyzed at the grate to produce pyrolysis residues.
A waste treatment method, characterized in that the generated pyrolysis residue is supplied to a combustion chamber installed downstream of the drying shaft portion, burned and burned. 火格子部から排出される熱分解残渣を、破砕、篩い分け又は破砕後の篩い分けのいずれかを行った後に燃焼室に供給することを特徴とする請求項１記載の廃棄物処理方法。   The waste treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis residue discharged from the grate portion is supplied to the combustion chamber after being crushed, sieved, or sieved after crushing. 前記火格子燃焼負荷が３００ｋｇ／ｍ２／ｈ〜１０００ｋｇ／ｍ２／ｈであることを特徴とする廃棄物処理方法。 Waste treatment method wherein said grate combustion load is 300kg / m 2 / h~1000kg / m 2 / h. 前記火格子からの空気比を１．０以下とすることを特徴とする請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の廃棄物処理方法。   The waste treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an air ratio from the grate is 1.0 or less. 火格子部にて生成された熱分解残渣と火格子部の火格子の間から落下した残渣とを合わせて排出し、燃焼室へ供給することを特徴とする請求項１〜４のいずれかに記載の廃棄物処理方法。   The pyrolysis residue generated in the grate part and the residue dropped from between the grate of the grate part are discharged together and supplied to the combustion chamber. The waste disposal method described. 前記火格子部が前段の火格子群と後段の火格子群の２段階に分かれており、火格子部における廃棄物乾燥乾留状況によって、火格子速度、送風量、送風バランスおよび温度をそれぞれ調整することを特徴とする請求項１〜５のいずれかに記載の廃棄物処理方法。   The grate part is divided into two stages, a front grate group and a rear grate group, and the grate speed, the air flow rate, the air flow balance, and the temperature are adjusted according to the state of waste dry distillation in the grate part. The waste disposal method according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 廃棄物装入口及び排ガス排気口が頂部に設けられ、廃棄物装入口から廃棄物が装入されて形成された廃棄物充填層に火格子部で発生したガスを通過させて廃棄物を乾燥・熱分解させるとともに、廃棄物充填層を通過したガスが排ガス排気口から排出される乾燥用シャフト部と、
乾燥用シャフト部の下部に接続され、乾燥用シャフト部で乾燥した廃棄物を熱分解して熱分解残渣を生成し、生成された熱分解残渣を排出する熱分解残渣排出口を有する火格子部を備え、
乾燥シャフト部の後段に設置され、乾燥シャフト部頂部から排出される熱分解ガスとともに熱分解残渣排出口から排出されて供給される熱分解残渣を燃焼させて焼却する燃焼室を備えたことを特徴とする廃棄物処理設備。 A waste charging inlet and exhaust gas exhaust outlet are provided at the top, and the waste gas is generated by passing the gas generated in the grate through a waste filling layer formed by charging waste from the waste charging inlet. A shaft for drying, in which the gas that has been thermally decomposed and passed through the waste packed bed is discharged from the exhaust gas exhaust port,
A grate part connected to the lower part of the drying shaft part and having a pyrolysis residue outlet for pyrolyzing the waste dried by the drying shaft part to produce a pyrolysis residue and discharging the generated pyrolysis residue With
It has a combustion chamber that is installed at the rear stage of the drying shaft part and burns and incinerates the pyrolysis residue discharged and supplied from the pyrolysis residue discharge port together with the pyrolysis gas discharged from the top of the drying shaft part. Waste treatment equipment. 火格子部と燃焼室の間に、火格子部から排出される熱分解残渣を破砕する破砕装置、火格子部から排出される熱分解残渣を篩い分けする篩い分け装置、又は前記破砕装置と前記篩い分け装置を設置したことを特徴とする請求項７記載の廃棄物処理設備。   Between the grate part and the combustion chamber, a crushing device for crushing the pyrolysis residue discharged from the grate part, a sieving device for sieving the pyrolysis residue discharged from the grate part, or the crushing device and the 8. The waste treatment facility according to claim 7, further comprising a sieving device. 火格子部にて生成された熱分解残渣と火格子部の火格子の間から落下した残渣とを合わせて排出し、燃焼室へ供給する供給装置を備えたことを特徴とする請求項７又は８に記載の廃物処理設備。   8. The apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising a supply device that discharges the pyrolysis residue generated in the grate part and the residue dropped from between the grate of the grate part together and supplies the residue to the combustion chamber. The waste disposal facility according to 8. 前記火格子部が前段の火格子群と後段の火格子群の２段階に分かれていることを特徴とする請求項７〜９のいずれかに記載の廃棄物処理設備。   The waste treatment facility according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the grate portion is divided into two stages, a front grate group and a rear grate group. 前記前段の火格子群と後段の火格子群がそれぞれ独立した駆動装置を有していることを特徴とする請求項１０記載の廃棄物処理設備。   The waste treatment facility according to claim 10, wherein the front grate group and the rear grate group each have independent driving devices.
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CN104094059A (en) * 2012-02-28 2014-10-08 新日铁住金工程技术株式会社 Waste gasification and melting furnace
US10047954B2 (en) 2012-02-28 2018-08-14 Nippon Steel & Sumikin Enginering Co., Ltd. Method for treating a waste using a waste gasification melting furnace

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