JP2011055782A - Binding agent for fish culture feed, and fish culture feed mixed with the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a binding agent for fish culture feed with which shape retention in water and effect on prevention from elution of nutritional components are given; and to provide fish culture feed obtained by mixing the binding agent. <P>SOLUTION: The binding agent for fish culture feed contains partially decomposed substance of cereal protein having a weight average molecular weight of 20,000-200,000, wherein the ratio (Mw/Mo) of the weight average molecular weight of the partially decomposed substance of cereal protein Mw to the weight average molecular weight of the cereal protein Mo is 0.01-0.1. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a binding agent for aquatic fish aquaculture feed that can impart shape retention in water and an effect of preventing the elution of nutrient components, and an aquaculture fish aquaculture feed containing the same.

In the cultivation of aquatic fish such as fish and crustaceans, solid feed such as expanded (EP) pellet feed that does not use live feed is used.
EP pellet feed is excellent in preservability and has many advantages such as reduction of environmental burden compared to the case of using raw feed. However, when the feed absorbs water during feeding, there is a problem that the shape retention is reduced and the crucible tends to collapse, and loss due to dissipation of the feed components in the water and seawater contamination occur.

  Therefore, techniques for improving the granulation conditions of solid feed, blending techniques of binders such as wheat flour, potato starch and tapioca starch and auxiliary binders such as gluten, guar gum, dextrin and alginic acid have been proposed and put into practical use. However, there is a problem that the shape retention in water and the elution of nutrients in water are not sufficient.

  For example, in JP-A-7-313074 (Patent Document 1), it is prepared using a raw material for fish food containing at least fat, moisture and a protein source, and containing a specific amount of crude fat and moisture. A fish food having a specific water retention ability (WRC) obtained by cooling and holding at a specific temperature is disclosed.

In addition, International Publication No. WO2006 / 90866 (Patent Document 2) includes a shell composed of an adhesive substance containing a nutritional substance for fish food and a composition containing a nutritional ingredient for fish food itself or fish food. A solid feed for large fish in the form of a core-shell type consisting of a core is disclosed.
However, these prior arts do not solve the above problems.

JP-A-7-313074 International Publication No. WO2006 / 090866 Pamphlet

  An object of the present invention is to provide a binding agent for aquatic fish farming feed that can impart shape retention in water and an effect of preventing the elution of nutrient components, and an aquaculture fish farming feed containing the same.

  As a result of intensive studies to improve the above-mentioned problems, the inventor of the present invention has found that a specific degradation product of a cereal protein is contained in a mixed feed for aquaculture fish aquaculture and has a shape retention property in water and a nutrient component in water. The inventors have found that an effect of preventing elution can be imparted to the present invention and have solved the present invention.

  Thus, according to the present invention, the cereal protein partial decomposition product has a weight average molecular weight in the range of 20,000 to 200,000, and the cereal protein partial decomposition product has a weight average molecular weight Mw and the cereal protein. There is provided a caking agent for aquaculture fish culture feed characterized by containing a partially decomposed product having a weight average molecular weight Mo ratio (Mw / Mo) of 0.01 to 0.1.

  Further, according to the present invention, the above-mentioned caking agent for aquatic fish culture feed is a portion of the grain protein contained in the aquatic fish aquaculture feed caking agent for 100 parts by weight of the aquaculture fish aquaculture feed. There is provided an aquaculture fish culture feed characterized in that the decomposition product is blended at a ratio of 1 to 10 parts by weight.

According to the present invention, a caking agent for aquatic fish aquaculture feed that can impart shape retention in water and an effect of preventing the elution of nutrient components (also referred to as “caking effect” in combination of the two effects) and A blended aquaculture feed can be provided.
Therefore, if the aquaculture fish aquaculture feed containing the binder for aquatic fish aquaculture feed according to the present invention is used, the aquatic fish feed efficiency is improved. Fish can be farmed.

According to the present invention, the partially decomposed product of cereal protein is preferably subjected to at least one kind of decomposition treatment selected from alkali treatment, acid treatment, enzyme treatment, reducing agent treatment and oxidant treatment. More preferably, the cereal protein is subjected to a decomposition treatment by a combination of alkali treatment and at least one selected from acid treatment, enzyme treatment, reducing agent treatment and oxidizing agent treatment. A multistage partially decomposed product obtained as described above, more preferably a cereal protein, which is obtained by subjecting a grain protein to a decomposition treatment by a combination of an alkali treatment and an acid treatment. The effect is remarkably obtained.
Further, according to the present invention, the grain protein is a protein derived from wheat, corn, or soybean, so that the above-mentioned effects can be remarkably obtained.

  The binding agent for aquaculture feed of the present invention is a partially decomposed product of cereal protein having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 20,000 to 200,000, and the weight average molecular weight of the partially decomposed product of cereal protein. It contains a partially decomposed product having a ratio (Mw / Mo) of Mw to the weight average molecular weight Mo of the grain protein of 0.01 to 0.1.

In the present invention, “aquatic fish” means all fish cultivated with ginger and the like. For example, fish such as red sea bream, sardine, horse mackerel, mackerel, saury; large fish such as bluefin tuna, yellowfin, bigeye, albacore, southern bluefin tuna, cocinaga, Atlantic bluefin tuna, adult yellowtail and salmon adults; , Crustaceans such as krill and mami.
Moreover, aquaculture feed means the compound feed used for the culture of these aquatic fish.

In the present invention, “cereal protein” means a protein contained in a cereal.
Among such cereal proteins, proteins derived from wheat (for example, wheat), corn, or beans (for example, soybean) are particularly preferable because they can be stably supplied.
Wheat protein contains glutenin and gliadin as main components and is usually called wheat gluten.
Corn protein contains zein and glutelin as main components and is usually called corn gluten.
Soy protein contains globulin as a main component.
These are all known substances, and can be obtained from grains by a conventional method such as separation or extraction.

  The grain protein partial degradation product used in the present invention is obtained by subjecting the grain protein to at least one kind of degradation treatment selected from alkali treatment, acid treatment, enzyme treatment, reducing agent treatment and oxidizing agent treatment. Can do. As a specific preparation method, for example, the method described in JP-A No. 1-127032 can be mentioned.

  According to the knowledge of the present inventor, as the grain protein partial degradation product used in the present invention, the grain protein is at least one selected from alkali treatment, acid treatment, enzyme treatment, reducing agent treatment and oxidizing agent treatment. More preferred is a multistage partial decomposition product obtained by subjecting to a decomposition treatment in combination with a seed, and the above-mentioned cereal protein is subjected to a decomposition treatment by a combination of an alkali treatment and an acid treatment. The product is particularly preferred.

The partially decomposed product of grain protein used in the present invention has a weight average molecular weight Mw in the range of 20,000 to 200,000, and the weight average molecular weight Mw of the partially decomposed product of grain protein (after decomposition) and the grain. A protein (before decomposition treatment) with a weight average molecular weight Mo ratio (Mw / Mo) of 0.01 to 0.1 is suitable.
From the viewpoint of the caking effect of the aquaculture fish culture feed, those having Mw in the range of 50,000 to 150,000 and Mw / Mo of 0.025 to 0.075 are particularly preferable.

  When Mw is less than 20,000 or when Mw / Mo is less than 0.01, the caking effect of the aquaculture fish culture feed may be reduced mainly by amino acids and oligomers thereof. . On the other hand, if Mw exceeds 200,000 or Mw / Mo exceeds 0.1, it will be close to the properties of undegraded grain protein, and the caking effect of aquaculture fish culture feed will be low, which is not suitable. There is.

  The above weight average molecular weight is determined by using sodium polystyrene sulfonate having a known molecular weight of 1,600, 6,500, 16,000, 65,000, 88,000 as a standard substance and Sephadex G manufactured by Pharmacia as a carrier. It is the value measured by the gel filtration method using -75 or G-100.

  As the grain protein partial degradation product used in the present invention, in addition to those obtained by the grain protein degradation treatment as described above, for example, commercially available Gulpearl (registered trademark) series manufactured by Katayama Chemical Industry Laboratory Co., Ltd. Product can be used.

The aquatic fish culture feed of the present invention is a grain protein that is contained in the above-mentioned caking agent for aquatic fish culture feed, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the mixed feed for aquaculture fish culture of the present invention. 1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 7 parts by weight, more preferably 1.5 to 2.0.
When the caking agent for aquaculture feed is less than 1 part by weight, the caking effect of the aquaculture feed may not be obtained. On the other hand, if the aquaculture fish culture feed exceeds 10 parts by weight, the caking effect may be reduced.

The mixed feed for aquaculture fish culture used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include those containing fish meal as a main component and containing nutrients and the like.
Examples of raw materials for formula feeds include animal protein sources such as fish meal, lactose casein, meat meal; plant protein sources such as corn gluten, wheat gluten, defatted soybeans, yeast, seaweed powder; wheat, barley, corn, milo, defatted Examples include carbohydrate sources such as rice bran; fat sources such as fish oil, vegetable oil and animal oil; vitamins and minerals as nutritional supplements; flavors and palatability substances for promoting food intake; preservatives and the like.

The aquatic fish farm feed of the present invention may contain a binder such as pregelatinized starch and wheat flour other than the binder for aquatic fish farm feed of the present invention as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
What is necessary is just to set suitably the mixing | blending ratio of each raw material in the mixing feed for aquaculture fish culture according to the kind and growth degree of object culture fish.
More specifically, the following mixed feed A and B are mentioned.

(Formulated feed A)
Fish powder 37 parts by weight Squid meal 35 parts by weight Flour 15 parts by weight Wheat gluten 5 parts by weight Astaxanthin 1 part by weight Vitamin mixture 2 parts by weight Mineral mixture 5 parts by weight

(Formulated feed B)
Fish powder 72 parts by weight Potato starch 6 parts by weight Wheat flour 4 parts by weight Fish oil 8 parts by weight Sorbit powder 6 parts by weight Calcium phosphate 0.5 parts by weight Betaine 0.5 parts by weight Vitamin mixture 1 part by weight Mineral mixture 2 parts by weight

The aquatic fish farming feed of the present invention can be prepared by blending the aquatic fish farming feed binding agent of the present invention with the blended feed for aquatic fish farming by a known method and molding it into a desired shape by a known method. Good.
For example, by supplying the above compounded feed, the binding agent for aquatic fish culture feed of the present invention and water to an extruder (kneading extruder) such as uniaxial, biaxial or triaxial, granulating and then drying What is necessary is just to manufacture.
The shape and size may be appropriately set according to the type of the target cultured fish and the degree of growth thereof, and examples thereof include a cylindrical shape having a diameter of about several mm to several tens of mm and a length of about several mm.

  The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Preparation Examples and Test Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Preparation Examples and Test Examples.

In the preparation examples, the following partially decomposed protein of grain protein and a commercially available thickener (binder) were used.
Grain protein partial degradation product (A)
Partial degradation product of cereal protein (Mw about 150,000, Mw / Mo = 0.075)
Cereal protein partial degradation product (B)
Partial degradation product of cereal protein (Mw approx. 50,000, Mw / Mo = 0.025)
Calcium alginate

Preparation Example 1 (Preparation and Molding of Aquatic Fish Culture Feed (a))
To the above mixed feed A 3000 g, 1% by weight (30 g) of red pigment astaxanthin (DSM, product name: catafil red) is added and mixed for a nutritional component elution prevention effect confirmation test, and then a partially decomposed product of grain protein ( Add A) or (B) to the concentrations shown in Table 1, add 500 g of water, and use an extruder (manufactured by Nippon Steel Works, Ltd., product name: Lab Ruder, die diameter φ8 mm), Granulated to about 8 mm × length about 10 mm.
Subsequently, the obtained granulated material was dried in an incubator with a set temperature of 105 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain 2625 g of aquatic fish culture feed (a) having a water content of 12% or less (Examples 1 to 7).

An aquaculture fish aquaculture feed for comparative tests was obtained in the same manner as described above except that calcium alginate, which is a commercially available thickener, was used instead of the partially decomposed product of cereal protein (Comparative Example 1).
Moreover, the aquaculture fish culture feed for a comparative test was obtained like the above except not mix | blending the partial decomposition product of grain protein (comparative example 2: blank).

Test Example 1 (Confirmation test for shape retention and nutritional component elution prevention of aquaculture fish culture feed)
20 aquaculture fish culture feed (a) was put into a 500 mL beaker containing 200 mL of artificial seawater (salt concentration: 3.5%, water temperature: 25 ° C.) prepared in advance and allowed to stand for 15 hours.
Artificial seawater was prepared by diluting artificial seawater powder (manufactured by Yashima Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., product name: Aquamarine) with tap water.

Next, using a spectrophotometer (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, model: UV-1650), the concentration of astaxanthin eluted in artificial seawater was measured based on the absorbance at a wavelength of 660 nm, and the measured value of the blank of Comparative Example 2 As a reference, the elution inhibition rate (%) of astaxanthin was calculated from the following formula.
Elution inhibition rate (%) = 100− (absorbance of specimen / absorbance of blank) × 100
The obtained results are shown in Table 1.

The shape retention property of aquaculture fish culture feed immersed in artificial seawater for 15 hours was evaluated according to the following criteria.
○: Even if it is strongly picked with a finger, it is not crushed. ○: It is not crushed even if it is lightly picked with a finger. X: The surface is broken when picked with a finger. X: It is broken when picked with a finger.

  From the results of Table 1, the aquatic fish farmed feed (Examples 1 to 7) containing the partial degradation products (A) and (B) of cereal protein are the aquatic fish cultured feed (Comparative Example 1) containing calcium alginate and Compared with aquaculture feed that does not contain a partially decomposed protein of grain protein (Comparative Example 2), the shape retention is good and the elution suppression rate is high, and the components in the aquaculture fish feed are difficult to elute I understand.

Preparation Example 2 (Preparation and Molding of Aquatic Fish Culture Feed (b))
The grain protein partial degradation product (A) was added to and mixed with 1000 g of the above mixed feed B so as to have the concentrations shown in Table 2.
Next, the obtained mixture and water were fed to an extruder (manufactured by Nippon Steel Works, product name: Lab Ruder, die diameter φ8 mm) set at a barrel temperature of 90 to 130 ° C., respectively, with a feed amount of 300 g / min and a water supply amount of 5 g / The mixture was supplied and kneaded in minutes, and pressure-molded (granulated) to a diameter of about 8 mm × length of about 10 mm.
The obtained molded product was dried in an incubator at a set temperature of 105 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain 930 g of aquatic fish culture feed (b) having a water content of 15% or less (Examples 8 to 10).

An aquaculture fish aquaculture feed for comparative tests was obtained in the same manner as described above, except that a partially decomposed product of cereal protein was not blended (Comparative Example 3).
Moreover, the aquaculture fish culture feed for a comparative test was obtained like the above except not having mix | blended the partial decomposition product of grain protein and having made the water content into 20% (comparative example 4).

Test Example 2 (Shape retention confirmation test for aquaculture feed)
20 artificial fish culture feeds (b) were added to artificial seawater prepared in advance in the same manner as in Test Example 1, and allowed to stand for 3 hours.
Subsequently, the shape retention of the aquaculture fish culture feed immersed in artificial seawater for 3 hours was evaluated in the same manner as in Test Example 1.
The obtained results are shown in Table 2.

At the same time, a sensory evaluation test was conducted and sensory evaluation was performed according to the following criteria.
The obtained results are shown in Table 2.
(sensory evaluation)
◎: The surface is soft and easy to crush ○: The surface is soft and easy to crush △: The surface is hard and requires a little force to crush ×: The surface is hard and requires a considerable amount of force to crush The results are shown in Table 2.

Furthermore, the surface condition was evaluated visually and tactilely according to the following criteria.
(Surface condition)
：: Smooth and glossy ○: Slightly smooth and glossy △: Lots of unevenness and slightly rough ×: Lots of unevenness are shown in Table 2.

  From the results of Table 2, the aquatic fish culture feed (Examples 8 to 10) containing the partially decomposed product of grain protein (A) (Examples 8 to 10) is the aquaculture fish cultured feed that does not contain the partially decomposed product of grain protein (A) (Comparative Example). It can be seen that the shape retention is good compared to 3 and 4). Moreover, it turns out that shape retention falls when a moisture content will be 10%.

Claims (6)

  A ratio of the weight average molecular weight Mw of the grain protein partial degradation product, the weight average molecular weight of 20,000 to 200,000, and the grain protein weight degradation molecular weight Mo. A caking agent for aquaculture fish culture feed comprising a partially decomposed product having (Mw / Mo) of 0.01 to 0.1.   The grain protein partial degradation product is a partial degradation product obtained by subjecting the grain protein to at least one degradation treatment selected from alkali treatment, acid treatment, enzyme treatment, reducing agent treatment and oxidizing agent treatment. The binding agent for aquatic fish culture feed according to claim 1.   The cereal protein partial degradation product is obtained by subjecting the cereal protein to a degradation treatment by a combination of an alkali treatment and at least one selected from an acid treatment, an enzyme treatment, a reducing agent treatment and an oxidizing agent treatment. The caking agent for aquatic fish farming feed according to claim 2, which is a multistage partially decomposed product.   The aquatic fish culture feed according to claim 3, wherein the partially decomposed product of the cereal protein is an acid-alkali combined multistage partially decomposed product obtained by subjecting the cereal protein to a decomposition treatment by a combination of an alkali treatment and an acid treatment. Binder.   The said grain protein is a protein derived from wheat, corn, or soybean, The binding agent for aquaculture fish culture feed as described in any one of Claims 1-4.   Grains contained in the binder for aquatic fish farming feed, wherein the caking additive for aquatic fish farming feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is used with respect to 100 parts by weight of the mixed feed for aquaculture fish farming. An aquaculture fish-cultured feed comprising a partial degradation product of protein in an amount of 1 to 10 parts by weight.