JP2011022212A - Liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liquid crystal display element having a cell structure using a resin substrate, in which a volume difference between the cell and the liquid crystal with respect to temperature changes is suppressed and peeling in an adhering portion between the resin substrate and a spacer or foaming in the liquid crystal in the cell are prevented. <P>SOLUTION: The liquid crystal display element has a cell structure containing a liquid inside; the cell including resin substrates whose surfaces are bonded via an adhesive columnar spacer; a sealing material enclosing a space between the resin substrates; and a sealing port to be used for externally injecting a liquid to a part of the cell and then sealed. The cell includes a first cell region, having a columnar spacer having a first coefficient of linear expansion and a second cell region having a columnar spacer having a second coefficient of linear expansion, wherein the volume of the second cell region is in a prescribed proportion to the volume of the first cell region, and the difference between the cell volume, after injecting a liquid to the cell and sealing the sealing port, and the volume of the liquid injected into the cell is controlled to be a given value or lower within an assumed use temperature range. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element having a structure in which liquid crystal is included between a pair of substrates having electrodes on opposite surfaces and a spacer material is provided between upper and lower substrates facing each other.

  FIG. 8 shows an example of the structure of a conventional liquid crystal display element. In the liquid crystal display element 80 having a dot matrix structure, a substrate 81 provided with a transparent electrode and an alignment film layer 82 is opposed to the surface, a peripheral seal 83, a sealing port 84, and a resin or glass having a diameter of about 3 to 7 μm. Bead spacer 85, liquid crystal 86, and the like. The peripheral seal 83 and the sealing port 84 have a role of bonding between the substrates 81 and sealing the liquid crystal 86 into the liquid crystal display element 80, and the bead spacer 85 has a role of keeping a gap between the substrates at a constant interval.

  FIG. 9 shows an arrangement by spreading the bead spacers. Since the bead spacers 93 are sprayed by the spreader 91 from above on the substrate 92, the arrangement of the bead spacers 93 is random.

  Instead of using the bead spacers 93, a structure using a regular arrangement of columnar spacers shown in FIG. 10 is often used. The bead spacers 93 are arranged by dispersing granular glass spheres or resin spheres on the substrate, whereas the columnar spacers 102 are often formed on the substrate 101 by photolithography or the like. For this reason, the columnar spacer 102 has an advantage that the spacer can be arranged in the intended shape at the intended location.

  In recent years, as a substrate provided with upper and lower transparent electrodes and an alignment film layer constituting a liquid crystal display element, development of an element using a thin and flexible resin substrate instead of a conventional glass substrate has been actively conducted. As the resin substrate, for example, a resin substrate such as PET, PC, or PES with a transparent electrode having a thickness of about 100 to 200 μm is used.

  When such a resin substrate is used, if the above-described bead spacer or normal columnar spacer is used, the resin substrate 111, the peripheral seal 112, the bead spacer, for example, as shown in FIG. When the liquid crystal display element 110 constituted by the liquid crystal 113 and the liquid crystal 114 is curved, the cell gap 115 cannot be maintained constant. For this reason, the liquid crystal 114 flows greatly when bent, and in particular, in an element using a cholesteric liquid crystal that maintains a bistable state when no voltage is applied, a display image is distorted or a display image cannot be maintained. It is inevitable that the display image is disturbed even in an element using other liquid crystal.

  One means for solving such a problem is a method using an adhesive columnar spacer. FIG. 12 shows a conventional example of a cell structure in which adhesive columnar spacers are arranged. The figure shows a dot matrix type liquid crystal display element. A transparent electrode 122 and an alignment film 125 are arranged on the surfaces of two resin substrates 121 to face each other, and an adhesive columnar spacer 123 is arranged. A structure in which the alignment films 125 are joined by, for example, an adhesive or thermocompression bonding is shown. In this structure, one type of adhesive columnar spacer 123 is arranged between the upper and lower resin substrates 121, and the both ends of the adhesive columnar spacer 123 are bonded together, so that the distance between the upper and lower resin substrates 121 can be kept constant. . With such a structure, the liquid crystal 126 can be bent while suppressing the flow of the liquid crystal 126 and the fluctuation of the cell gap at the time of bending.

  However, even if the measures described above are taken, there remains a problem such as the low temperature foaming phenomenon shown in FIG. In the figure, a flexible film-like substrate 131 is provided with a transparent electrode and an orientation film (not shown) on opposite surfaces, and the upper and lower substrates 131 are bonded together with an adhesive columnar spacer 132, and the outer periphery is enclosed by a peripheral seal 133. 2 shows a liquid crystal display element having a structure in which a liquid crystal 134 is sealed. For example, it is assumed that the volume of the cell in the liquid crystal display element and the volume of the liquid crystal 134 included in the liquid crystal display element at room temperature (25 ° C.) shown in a) are substantially equal. When the temperature change of the surrounding environment occurs when the linear expansion coefficient of the substrate 131, the adhesive columnar spacer 132, and the peripheral seal 133 is small with respect to the linear expansion coefficient of the liquid crystal 134 between −25 ° C. and + 50 ° C., for example, At 20 ° C., the volume of the liquid crystal 134 becomes smaller than the internal volume of the cell, and a foaming phenomenon occurs in which a void portion where no liquid crystal exists is generated in the cell. Each arrow in the figure indicates the direction of contraction.

  Furthermore, since the material used as the columnar spacer is a member that contacts the liquid crystal in the cell, it has high reliability in that it does not change over time when it comes into contact with the liquid crystal, and that no elution occurs in the liquid crystal. Is required. As such a member, it is very difficult to develop a material that matches the linear expansion coefficient of liquid crystal while maintaining reliability. The type of liquid crystal material used is expected to change with development, and the linear expansion coefficient of the liquid crystal material changes each time. In accordance with this, it is necessary to develop a column spacer material having a different linear expansion coefficient, which requires a large cost and labor.

  The following patent documents are shown.

WO2007 / 007394 WO2006 / 097993 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 07-181498

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention suppresses the volume difference between the cell and the liquid crystal with respect to a temperature change in a liquid crystal display element having a cell structure using a resin substrate, and peels off the adhesive portion between the resin substrate and the spacer. It aims at preventing the foaming of the liquid crystal in the cell.

  In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of a liquid crystal display element includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, and the first substrate and the second substrate. A liquid crystal sandwiched therebetween, a sealing material that seals the liquid crystal between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the first substrate and the first substrate in a region surrounded by the sealing material A plurality of spacers having different expansion coefficients that join the two substrates, and a volume of a region obtained by removing the plurality of spacers having different expansion coefficients from a region surrounded by the sealing material within a desired temperature range The difference between the volume of the liquid crystal and the volume of the liquid crystal is set to a certain value or less.

  As described above, according to the disclosed liquid crystal display element, the proportion of the arrangement of the adhesive columnar spacers having two or more different linear expansion coefficients in the cell having the structure in which the adhesive columnar spacers are provided between the upper and lower substrates facing each other. By changing the difference between the volume of the liquid crystal or liquid material filled in the cell when the temperature changes, the difference between the change in the cell volume is less than a certain value, and the adhesive portion between the resin substrate and the spacer is peeled off. The foaming of the liquid crystal in the cell can be prevented.

First Example of Embodiment Second example of embodiment Relationship between cell volume and LC volume during temperature change when the ratio of the two types of columnar spacers is changed Third Example of Embodiment Fourth example of embodiment Example 5 of the embodiment Example of defining the high linear expansion coefficient spacer in the embodiment A structural example of a conventional liquid crystal display device Placement by spreading of bead spacers Regular arrangement of columnar spacers Cell gap fluctuation during bending Conventional cell structure with adhesive columnar spacers Low temperature foaming phenomenon

  Hereinafter, an embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a first example of the embodiment. It is an example of the cell structure 1 used for a liquid crystal display element. A transparent electrode and an alignment film are provided on the surfaces of the upper substrate 5-1 and the lower substrate 5-2 made of resin such as PET, PC, and PES having a thickness of about 100 to 200 μm. Detailed description of part B will be described with reference to FIG. Between the upper substrate 5-1 and the lower substrate 5-2, the first adhesive columnar spacer 2 and the second adhesive columnar spacer 3, the outer periphery has a sealing port 6, and the liquid crystal 7 enclosed by the peripheral seal 4 is external. It is designed not to leak. The sealing port 6 is sealed by filling the liquid crystal 7 between the upper substrate 5-1 and the lower substrate 5-2, and then charging and heating, for example, a thermosetting resin.

  The cell structure 1 has an outer shape of the cell structure 1 of 100 mm × 100 mm, a cell gap (a distance between the upper substrate 5-1 and the lower substrate 5-2) of about 4 μm, and a first adhesive columnar spacer 2 having a high linear expansion coefficient. 10% of the area ratio of the second adhesive columnar spacer 3 having the low linear expansion coefficient to the entire area where the second adhesive columnar spacer 3 having the low linear expansion coefficient is disposed, The linear expansion coefficient is 250 ppm for liquid crystal 7 (= 250 μm / ° C./m), the first adhesive columnar spacer 2 having a high linear expansion coefficient is 580 ppm, the second adhesive columnar spacer 3 having a low linear expansion coefficient is 150 ppm, The upper substrate 5-1 and the lower substrate 5-2 are 70 ppm. The first adhesive columnar spacer 2 and the second adhesive columnar spacer 2 are, for example, acrylic resin heat-adhesive columnar spacers having a wall surface structure having a columnar or cross-shaped cross section having a diameter of about 10 to 100 μm, A resin or the like is blended so as to have a desired linear expansion coefficient. The peripheral seal 4 is made of an acrylic or epoxy photocuring or thermosetting sealing material. The liquid crystal is a cholesteric liquid crystal or a chiral nematic liquid crystal. Here, the cross-sectional shape of the adhesive columnar spacer may be any of a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, and other wall surfaces having ten shapes.

  FIG. 1 a shows a plan view at normal temperature (25 ° C.). For the sake of explanation, a state in which the upper substrate 5-1 is removed is shown. b) shows an A-A 'cross-sectional view at room temperature. c) shows an A-A ′ cross-sectional view of the cell structure 1 when the cell structure 1 is at room temperature, for example, at −20 ° C. The cell gap in the region where the first adhesive columnar spacer 2 is disposed is smaller than that at room temperature, and the cell gap in the region where the second adhesive columnar spacer 3 is disposed is disposed in the first adhesive columnar spacer 2. It does not shrink compared to the cell gap in the area. As a whole, the region where the second adhesive columnar spacer 3 is disposed is apparently expanded.

  Further, d) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A ′ when the cell structure 1 is changed from normal temperature to, for example, + 70 ° C. The cell gap in the region where the first adhesive columnar spacer 2 is arranged is larger than that at room temperature, and the cell gap in the region where the second adhesive columnar spacer 3 is arranged is arranged in the first adhesive columnar spacer 2. It does not become larger than the cell gap of the area where the area is located. As a whole, the region where the second adhesive columnar spacer 3 is arranged is apparently contracted.

  FIG. 2 shows a second example of the embodiment. It is a detailed explanatory view of the B section in FIG.

  A transparent electrode and an alignment film are provided on the surfaces of the upper substrate 5-1 and the lower substrate 5-2 made of resin such as PET, PC, and PES having a thickness of about 100 to 200 μm, respectively. The upper resin substrate 22-1 is provided with an upper electrode 21-1 and an alignment film 24 as shown in the figure. The lower resin substrate 22-2 is provided with a lower electrode 21-2 and an alignment film 24 as shown in the figure. The upper electrode 21-1 and the lower electrode 21-2, which are transparent electrodes, are formed by patterning, for example, indium and tin oxide ITO in a matrix on the surface of the resin substrate, and a polyimide-based thickness as an alignment film 24 thereon. A film of about 300 to 1000 mm is laminated.

  In the present invention, in a cell having a structure in which an adhesive columnar spacer is provided between opposing upper and lower substrates, the ratio of the arrangement of adhesive columnar spacers having two or more different linear expansion coefficients is changed. That is, the ratio of the area in which the second adhesive columnar spacer 3 having a low linear expansion coefficient to the area in which the first adhesive columnar spacer 2 having a high linear expansion coefficient is arranged is changed from, for example, 10% described above. Change to the percentage. As a result, the difference between the change amount of the cell volume with respect to the volume change at the time of the temperature change of the liquid crystal or liquid material filled in the cell is set to a certain value or less, and due to the difference in expansion and contraction between the cell structure 1 and the liquid crystal 7. It is intended to prevent peeling of the bonding portion between the resin substrate and the spacer and foaming of the liquid crystal in the cell.

  Each member constituting the cell structure 1 is required to have high reliability such as a change with time and no elution to the liquid crystal. As these members, it is difficult to develop a material that matches the linear expansion coefficient of the liquid crystal while maintaining reliability, and the linear expansion coefficient of the liquid crystal material varies with the type of liquid crystal material used. Along with this, a large cost and time are required to develop materials having different linear expansion coefficients for the columnar spacer materials. For this reason, the ratio of the area where the second adhesive columnar spacer 3 having a low linear expansion coefficient to the area where the first adhesive columnar spacer 2 having a high linear expansion coefficient is arranged as described above, for example, The problem is to be solved by changing from the above 10% to another ratio.

  FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the cell volume and the LC volume when the temperature changes when the ratio of the two types of columnar spacers is changed. The figure was obtained by the following calculation method.

When the planar direction of the resin substrate is the X axis and the Y axis, and the thickness direction of the resin substrate is the Z axis, the length of the resin substrate in the X axis direction at 0 ° C .: L ₁ , the length of the resin substrate in the Y axis direction is: L _2, the columnar spacers volume ratio (the first adhesive columnar spacers 2 second adhesive columnar spacers 2) occupied in the cell space of: a%, the Z-axis direction of the columnar spacer length: L 3 _(the first The lengths of the adhesive columnar spacer 2 and the second adhesive columnar spacer 2 are the same at 0 ° C.), the volume V _{1 of} the liquid crystal, the linear expansion coefficient of the resin substrate: a ₁ , and the linear expansion coefficient of the liquid crystal: a ₃ linear expansion coefficient of the column spacer 1: _{a 4,} the linear expansion coefficient of the columnar spacers 2: and _{a 5.}

Here, when the total area of the first adhesive columnar spacer 2 and the second adhesive columnar spacer 2 is 100, the ratio of the cell region of the first adhesive columnar spacer 2 is B%. Since the ratio of the cell area is (100-B)%,
LC volume at T ° C. (liquid crystal volume) −cell volume≈ [L ₁ L ₂ L ₃ × {2 (a ₃ −a ₁ ) −3 × A (B × 0.01) × 0.01 (a ₃ − _{a 4)} + L 1 L} 2 L 3 × {2 (a 3 -a 1) -3 × a (100-B) × 0.01 × 0.01 (a 3 -a 5)}] can be expressed as × T . In summary, LC volume at T ° C. (liquid crystal volume) −cell volume≈K ₁ (K ₂ −K ₃ B) T. The unit of length is mm, and the unit of linear expansion coefficient is ppm (= 250 μm / ° C./m). It can be seen that K ₁ , K ₂ , and K ₃ are constants, and the LC volume-cell volume is expressed by a linear expression of temperature T with B as a variable.

When the specifications of each member of the cell structure 1 shown in FIG. 1 are applied, a graph as shown in FIG. 3 is obtained. That is, in each member of the cell structure 1 shown in FIG. 1, the ratio of the first adhesive columnar spacer 2 (the first adhesive columnar spacer when the total area where both adhesive columnar spacers are arranged is 100 is used. The ratio of the area occupied by 2 is expressed in% (hereinafter referred to as the arrangement ratio) is 90%, but in the case of 50%, it is indicated by the line (a), and the resin substrate 5-1 and the resin substrate 5- 2. The volume change at the time of temperature change of the cell structure constituted by the first adhesive columnar spacer 2 and the second adhesive columnar spacer 3 does not coincide with the volume change of the liquid crystal. In this case, for example, when the environmental temperature is 70 ° C., the liquid crystal volume becomes as large as 0.3 mm ^{3 with} respect to the cell volume, which causes a problem that the pressure in the cell is increased and the adhesion portion of the wall surface is peeled off.

  When the arrangement ratio of the first adhesive columnar spacers 2 having a high linear expansion coefficient is 80% shown in (c), the resin substrate 5-1, the resin substrate 5-2, the first adhesive columnar spacer 2, and the second adhesion. The volume change at the time of temperature change of the cell structure constituted by the conductive columnar spacer 3 substantially coincides with the volume change of the liquid crystal 7. In this case, for example, even when the environmental temperature is 70 ° C., there is almost no difference between the cell volume and the liquid crystal volume, so there is no increase in the pressure in the cell, and problems such as separation of the adhesive portions of both adhesive columnar spacers occur. No longer. That is, it is a line that can be called an ideal line.

  Here, each straight line of the graph intersects at 0 ° C. This is calculated so that LC volume−cell volume = 0 at 0 ° C. because the temperature for sealing the sealing port 6 is 0 ° C. This is because.

  As described above, the arrangement ratio of the first adhesive columnar spacer 2 is 100%, that is, the specifications of each member of the cell structure 1 are examined one by one without using the second adhesive columnar spacer 3, Although it is extremely difficult to suppress the fluctuation of the difference between the cell volume and the liquid crystal volume with respect to the temperature change, it is difficult to reduce the difference between the cell volume and the liquid crystal volume by providing a region having the second adhesive columnar spacers 3 having different linear expansion coefficients. It is easy to absorb the fluctuation with respect to the temperature change.

  FIG. 4 shows a third example of the embodiment. The figure shows an example of a manufacturing process of a cell structure having two types of adhesive columnar spacers having different linear expansion coefficients. A case is shown in which the cell structure shown in FIG. 1 has an outer shape larger than 100 mm × 100 mm. In a), a first adhesive columnar spacer is formed by photolithography on a PET resin substrate having a width of 100 mm, a height of 120 mm, and a thickness of 150 μm. The first adhesive columnar spacer is an acrylic resin having a cross-shaped wall thickness of 40 μm, a thickness of 4 μm, and a linear expansion coefficient of 580 ppm. Here, a 10% region for forming the second adhesive columnar spacer is left as shown in the upper part of the figure.

  Next, as shown in a) ′, a peripheral seal is applied around the PET resin substrate to form the upper member 41. For the peripheral seal, an acrylic thermosetting sealing material is used, and the width is 100 μm and the thickness is 50 μm. Here, description of the manufacturing process of the upper and lower electrodes, the alignment film, the liquid crystal inlet, the sealing port, and the like using the prior art shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 is omitted.

  On the other hand, as shown in b), a second adhesive columnar spacer is formed by photolithography on another PET resin substrate having a width of 100 mm × a height of 120 mm and a thickness of 150 μm. The second adhesive columnar spacer is a cylindrical acrylic resin having a diameter of 50 μm, a thickness of 4 μm, and a linear expansion coefficient of 150 ppm. A region where the second adhesive columnar spacer is formed is a region corresponding to a portion left on the upper part of a) ′, and bonding is performed in c). The two substrates on which the adhesive columnar spacers are formed are evenly pressurized and heated to bond the upper and lower substrates together.

  Thus, the cell structure shown in d) is completed. Cholesteric liquid crystal is injected into the space inside the cell structure, and the sealing port is sealed at a predetermined temperature, for example, 0 ° C.

  FIG. 5 shows a fourth example of the embodiment. This is a case of a cell structure in which two types of adhesive columnar spacers are arranged and the linear expansion coefficients of the two types of adhesive columnar spacers are both larger than the linear expansion coefficient of the liquid crystal (or liquid) material. The entire region in which the outer shape of the resin substrate 51 is 120 mm × 100 mm, the cell gap is about 4 μm, the first adhesive columnar spacer 53 having a low linear expansion coefficient and the second adhesive columnar spacer 54 having a high linear expansion coefficient are disposed. 10% of the region where the second adhesive columnar spacer 54 having a high linear expansion coefficient is disposed, and the linear expansion coefficient of each member is 250 ppm for the liquid crystal 7 and the first adhesive columnar shape having a low linear expansion coefficient. The spacer 53 is 300 ppm, the second adhesive columnar spacer 54 having a high linear expansion coefficient is 580 ppm, and the resin substrate 51 is 70 ppm. The first adhesive columnar spacer 2 and the second adhesive columnar spacer 2 are, for example, acrylic resin thermal adhesive columnar spacers having a wall surface structure having a diameter of about 10 to 100 μm or a cross-shaped cross section. Thus, a resin or the like is blended so as to have a desired linear expansion coefficient. The peripheral seal 55 is made of an acrylic or epoxy photocuring or thermosetting sealing material. The liquid crystal is a cholesteric liquid crystal or a chiral nematic liquid crystal.

  In FIG. 5, unlike FIG. 1, the arrangement rate of the adhesive columnar spacer having a high linear expansion coefficient and the arrangement rate of the adhesive columnar spacer having a low linear expansion coefficient are reversed.

  FIG. 6 shows a fifth example of the embodiment. a) is a type in which the outer periphery of the first adhesive columnar spacer 62 is surrounded by the second adhesive columnar spacer 63, and b) is a third adhesive columnar in the lower region of the figure where the second adhesive columnar spacer 63 was present. The type c) in which the region of the spacer 66 is provided, and c) is the type in which the region of the third adhesive columnar spacer 66 is also provided on the left side of the drawing. In this example, the first adhesive columnar spacer region can be used as a display region, and the second adhesive columnar spacer region can be used as a non-display region.

  Although not shown in the type illustrated in FIG. 6, the illustration is omitted. For example, a first adhesive columnar spacer region is provided in the center of each figure in a vertical direction in a strip shape, and is separated to the left and right. The regions of the columnar spacers can be used as independent display screens.

  FIG. 7 shows an example of defining the high linear expansion coefficient spacer in the embodiment. In FIG. 3, it is ideal to arrange the adhesive columnar spacer arrangement ratio having a high linear expansion coefficient at a ratio of 80%. However, when the range of the arrangement ratio is defined, the adhesion of the adhesive columnar spacer to the substrate is set. It is defined from strength, Young's modulus of the adhesive columnar spacer, Young's modulus of the upper and lower substrates, compression elastic modulus of the liquid crystal material, and operating temperature range of the cell structure.

For example, in the cell structure shown in FIG. 1, the material adhesive force of two types of adhesive columnar spacers is 400 N / mm ² , the two types of adhesive columnar spacer material Young's modulus: 4.8 GPa, and the Young's modulus of the upper and lower resin substrates: 2 .6 GPa, cell structure operating temperature range: upper limit 70 ° C. At this time, in a state just before the adhesive columnar spacer is peeled off from the resin substrate, according to Hook's law, the elongation of the adhesive columnar spacer in the cell is about 0.0033 μm, and the elongation of the upper and lower resin substrates is 0. It is about 1538 mm. Thus, the cell volume and liquid volume difference that peeling does not occur in the adhesive columnar spacers (shown in broken lines in FIG. 7) 0.113 mm ³ is the upper limit. The arrangement ratio range is from the arrangement ratio in which the LC volume-cell volume value does not exceed the peeling upper limit value within the operating temperature to the arrangement ratio drawing an ideal line. In the case of this example, at 70 ° C., the upper limit volume difference is reached when the arrangement ratio is 70%, and since the ideal line is drawn when the arrangement ratio is 80%, 70% to 80% is high. It turns out that it becomes the arrangement | positioning rate range of a linear expansion spacer.

  In the above description, the cell structure sandwiched between the two resin substrates containing the liquid crystal has been described. However, a cell structure in which a plurality of such cell structures are stacked may of course be used. .

1 Cell structure 2, 53, 62 First adhesive column spacer 3, 54, 63 Second adhesive column spacer 4, 55, 64, 83, 112, 133 Peripheral seal 6, 52, 65, 84 Sealing port 7, 25, 86, 114, 126 Liquid crystal 24, 125 Alignment film 26 Liquid crystal inlet 41 Upper member 42 Lower member 51, 61, 111, 121 Resin substrate 66 Third adhesive columnar spacers 80, 110 Liquid crystal display elements 81, 92, 101, 131 Substrate 82 Transparent electrode and alignment layer 85, 93, 113 Bead spacer 91 Spreader 102 Column spacer 115 Cell gap 122 Transparent electrode 123, 132 Adhesive column spacer

Claims (5)

A first substrate;
A second substrate facing the first substrate;
A liquid crystal sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate;
A sealing material for sealing the liquid crystal between the first substrate and the second substrate;
A plurality of spacers having different expansion coefficients that join the first substrate and the second substrate in a region surrounded by the sealing material;
With
In a desired temperature range, a difference between a volume of a region obtained by removing the plurality of spacers having different expansion coefficients from a region surrounded by the sealing material and a volume of the liquid crystal is a predetermined value or less. The liquid crystal display element is
A spacer having a first expansion coefficient that joins the first substrate and the second substrate in a first region of the region surrounded by the sealing material;
A spacer having a second expansion coefficient that joins the first substrate and the second substrate in a second region of the region surrounded by the sealing material;
A liquid crystal display element according to claim 1. The spacer having the second expansion coefficient has a difference between the volume of the liquid crystal and the volume of the region excluding the spacer and the first spacer from the region surrounded by the sealing material within a desired temperature range. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 2, wherein the liquid crystal display element has an expansion coefficient that is a predetermined value or less. The spacer having the second expansion coefficient includes a spacer having the first expansion coefficient from a region surrounded by the sealing material in the first region, and the second expansion coefficient from the region surrounded by the sealing material. In the second region where the difference between the volume of the region excluding the spacer and the volume of the liquid crystal is a certain value or less within a desired temperature range, the first substrate and the second substrate Joining,
The liquid crystal display element according to claim 2. The first area is a display area;
The liquid crystal display element according to claim 2, wherein the second region is a non-display region.

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