JP2011008266A - ポリフッ化コアシェル光導電体 - Google Patents
ポリフッ化コアシェル光導電体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2011008266A JP2011008266A JP2010147470A JP2010147470A JP2011008266A JP 2011008266 A JP2011008266 A JP 2011008266A JP 2010147470 A JP2010147470 A JP 2010147470A JP 2010147470 A JP2010147470 A JP 2010147470A JP 2011008266 A JP2011008266 A JP 2011008266A
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- photoconductor
- tetrafluoroethylene
- copolymer
- charge transport
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 160
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- SJHHDDDGXWOYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxytitamium phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Ti+2]=O.C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 SJHHDDDGXWOYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical group C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical group O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- KHXKESCWFMPTFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F KHXKESCWFMPTFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SKRWFPLZQAAQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N stibanylidynetin;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Sn].[Sb] SKRWFPLZQAAQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)F BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MHRNQQUEUYMEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [[[ethyl(dimethyl)silyl]amino]-dimethylsilyl]ethane Chemical compound CC[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)CC MHRNQQUEUYMEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 claims description 3
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WGGNJZRNHUJNEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexamethyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-triazatrisilinane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)N[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)N1 WGGNJZRNHUJNEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YFONAHAKNVIHPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [methyl-[[methyl(diphenyl)silyl]amino]-phenylsilyl]benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C)N[Si](C)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YFONAHAKNVIHPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZIYCGYQXFASKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony(3+) oxygen(2-) titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Sb+3].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] ZIYCGYQXFASKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004665 trialkylsilyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- JAONJTDQXUSBGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dizinc;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Zn+2].[Zn+2] JAONJTDQXUSBGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 75
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 37
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 23
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 22
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 11
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 9
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 5
- PRMHOXAMWFXGCO-UHFFFAOYSA-M molport-000-691-708 Chemical compound N1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C2=NC=3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N=3)N2[Ga](Cl)N2C4=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C2N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 PRMHOXAMWFXGCO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920006361 Polyflon Polymers 0.000 description 4
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PDGBJJIOGJPBLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-n-[4-[4-[4-(n-(3-chlorophenyl)anilino)phenyl]phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(Cl)C=CC=2)=C1 PDGBJJIOGJPBLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical group C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XPBBUZJBQWWFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosilane Chemical compound [SiH3]F XPBBUZJBQWWFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- QOKHTAQKELTIPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-butylphenyl)-n-[4-[4-[4-(n-(4-butylphenyl)-4-methylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]phenyl]-4-methylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(CCCC)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(CCCC)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 QOKHTAQKELTIPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BBDFECYVDQCSCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-[4-(n-(4-methoxyphenyl)anilino)phenyl]-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 BBDFECYVDQCSCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- HCNHNBLSNVSJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HCNHNBLSNVSJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSIKJPJINIDELZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8-octakis-phenyl-1,3,5,7,2,4,6,8-tetraoxatetrasilocane Chemical compound O1[Si](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)O[Si](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)O[Si](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)O[Si]1(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VSIKJPJINIDELZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VCYDUTCMKSROID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexakis-phenyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatrisilinane Chemical compound O1[Si](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)O[Si](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)O[Si]1(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VCYDUTCMKSROID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PUNGSQUVTIDKNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6,8,10-pentamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2$l^{3},4$l^{3},6$l^{3},8$l^{3},10$l^{3}-pentaoxapentasilecane Chemical compound C[Si]1O[Si](C)O[Si](C)O[Si](C)O[Si](C)O1 PUNGSQUVTIDKNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WZJUBBHODHNQPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7,2$l^{3},4$l^{3},6$l^{3},8$l^{3}-tetraoxatetrasilocane Chemical group C[Si]1O[Si](C)O[Si](C)O[Si](C)O1 WZJUBBHODHNQPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGGKVJMNFFSDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-n-[4-[4-(n-(3-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 OGGKVJMNFFSDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PVFQHGDIOXNKIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-[3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenyl]propan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound C=1C=CC(C(C)(C)C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PVFQHGDIOXNKIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XXWVEJFXXLLAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[4-(diethylamino)-2-methylphenyl]-phenylmethyl]-n,n-diethyl-3-methylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C(=CC(=CC=1)N(CC)CC)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XXWVEJFXXLLAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVINBVLRRUFUKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-butyl-n-[4-[4-[4-(4-butyl-n-(4-propan-2-ylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]phenyl]phenyl]-n-(4-propan-2-ylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(CCCC)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(CCCC)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C(C)C)C1=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C1 QVINBVLRRUFUKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GIXXQTYGFOHYPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol P Chemical compound C=1C=C(C(C)(C)C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 GIXXQTYGFOHYPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol Z Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)CCCCC1 SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004322 Butylated hydroxytoluene Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010034972 Photosensitivity reaction Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001370 Se alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazoline Chemical compound C1CN=NC1 DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003987 resole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004819 silanols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012321 sodium triacetoxyborohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001629 stilbenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002061 vacuum sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】電荷発生層と、電荷輸送成分、フッ化ポリマー、およびコアシェル成分を含有する電荷輸送層と、を含む光導電体であって、前記コアが金属酸化物を含み、前記シェルがシリカを含む、光導電体。
【選択図】なし
Description
30ミリメートルのアルミニウムドラム基体上に、以下のように下引き層を調製して堆積させた。ジルコニウムアセチルアセトナートトリブトキシド(35.5部)、γ−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン(4.8部)、およびポリ(ビニルブチラール)BM−S(2.5部)をn−ブタノール(52.2部)に溶解した。次いで、得られた溶液を、ディップコーターを用いて上記アルミニウムドラム基体上にコーティングし、コーティング溶液層を59℃で13分間予熱し、58℃で17分間加湿し(露点=54℃)、135℃で8分乾燥させた。下引き層の厚さは約1.3μmであった。
CAVIPRO(商標)300ナノマイザー(オハイオ州クリーブランドのファイブ・スター・テクノロジー社(Five Star Technology)製)を用いて21グラムのテトラヒドロフラン(THF)と9グラムのトルエンとの溶媒混合物に溶解/分散させたN,N’−ジフェニル−N,N−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−1,1’−ビフェニル−4,4’−ジアミン(4グラム)、三菱ガス化学株式会社から入手可能な膜形成ポリマーバインダーPCZ400[ポリ(4,4’−ジヒドロキシ−ジフェニル−1−1−シクロヘキサン、Mw=40,000)](6グラム)、およびダイキン工業株式会社から入手可能なポリテトラフルオロエチレンであるPTFE POLYFLON(商標)L−2微粒子(1グラム)から調製した分散液から32μmの電荷輸送層を電荷発生層の上にコーティングしたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に光導電体を作製した。電荷輸送層のPCZ−400/mTBD/PTFE L−2比は54.5/36.4/9.1であり、約120℃で約40分間乾燥させた。
21グラムのテトラヒドロフラン(THF)と9グラムのトルエンとの溶媒混合物に溶解/分散させたN,N’−ジフェニル−N,N−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−1,1’−ビフェニル−4,4’−ジアミン(4グラム)、三菱ガス化学株式会社から入手可能な膜形成ポリマーバインダーPCZ400[ポリ(4,4’−ジヒドロキシ−ジフェニル−1−1−シクロヘキサン、Mw=40,000)](6グラム)、およびドイツ、フランクフルトのエボニック社から入手可能なコアシェルフィラーVP STX801[85重量パーセントの酸化チタンコアおよび15重量パーセントの1,1,1−トリメチル−N−(トリメチルシリル)−シラナミン処理シリカシェル、直径約40ナノメートル](1グラム)から調製した分散液から32μmの電荷輸送層を電荷発生層の上にコーティングしたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に光導電体を作製した。電荷輸送層のPCZ−400/mTBD/コアシェルフィラーVP STX801比は54.5/36.4/9.1であり、約120℃で約40分間乾燥させた。
21グラムのテトラヒドロフラン(THF)と9グラムのトルエンとの溶媒混合物に溶解/分散させたN,N’−ジフェニル−N,N−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−1,1’−ビフェニル−4,4’−ジアミン(4グラム)、三菱ガス化学株式会社から入手可能な膜形成ポリマーバインダーPCZ400[ポリ(4,4’−ジヒドロキシ−ジフェニル−1−1−シクロヘキサン、Mw=40,000)](6グラム)、ドイツ、フランクフルトのエボニック・インダストリー社から入手可能なコアシェルフィラーVP STX801[85重量パーセントの酸化チタンコアおよび15重量パーセントの1,1,1−トリメチル−N−(トリメチルシリル)−シラナミン処理シリカシェル、直径約40ナノメートル](0.3グラム)、およびダイキン工業株式会社から入手可能なポリテトラフルオロエチレンであるPTFE POLYFLON(商標)L−2微粒子(0.8グラム)から調製した分散液から32μmの電荷輸送層を電荷発生層の上にコーティングしたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に光導電体を作製した。電荷輸送層のPCZ−400/mTBD/コアシェルフィラーVP STX801/PTFE L−2比は54.5/36.4/2.7/6.4であり、約120℃で約40分間乾燥させた。
アトライターを用いて21グラムのテトラヒドロフラン(THF)と9グラムのトルエンとの溶媒混合物に溶解/分散させたN,N’−ジフェニル−N,N−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−1,1’−ビフェニル−4,4’−ジアミン(4グラム)、三菱ガス化学株式会社から入手可能な膜形成ポリマーバインダーPCZ400[ポリ(4,4’−ジヒドロキシ−ジフェニル−1−1−シクロヘキサン、Mw=40,000)](6グラム)、コアシェルフィラー(85重量パーセントの酸化アルミニウムコアおよび15重量パーセントのシリカシェル、直径約20ナノメートル)(0.3グラム)、およびダイキン工業株式会社から入手可能なポリテトラフルオロエチレンであるPOLYFLON(商標)L−2微粒子(0.7グラム)から調製した分散液から32μmの電荷輸送層を電荷発生層の上にコーティングすること以外は、比較例1と同様に光導電体を作製する。電荷輸送層のPCZ−400/mTBD/酸化アルミニウムシリカコアシェルフィラー/PTFE L−2比は54.5/36.4/2.7/6.4であり、約120℃で約40分間乾燥させる。
上記で作製した比較例1、2、および3ならびに実施例Iの光導電体を、1回の帯電−除電サイクルに続けて1回の帯電−露光−除電サイクルの順で行う光放電サイクルが得られるように設定したスキャナを用いて試験した。サイクルと共に光強度を漸増させて、種々の露光強度における感光性および表面電位が測定される一連の光放電特性(PIDC)曲線を得た。また、表面電位を漸増させながら一連の帯電−除電サイクルを行い種々の電圧に対する電荷密度曲線を描き、更なる電気的特性を得た。スキャナには、種々の表面電位で一定の電圧を帯電するように設定したスコロトロンを取り付けた。4つの光導電体を、一連のニュートラルデンシティーフィルターを調整することで露光強度を漸増させながら、表面電位700ボルトで試験した。露光光源は780ナノメートルの発光ダイオードであった。ゼログラフィーのシミュレーションは、周囲条件(相対湿度40パーセント、22℃)に環境が調節された遮光チャンバーで行った。
FX469(富士ゼロックス株式会社製)磨耗設備(wear fixture)を用いて上記4つの光導電体の摩耗試験を行った。各磨耗試験を開始する前に、パーマスコープを用いて各光導電体の総厚を測定した。その後、光導電体を別々に摩耗設備中に5万サイクル分置いた。再度、総厚を測定し、厚さの差を用いて光導電体の摩耗率(ナノメートル/キロサイクル)を算出した。摩耗率が小さいほど、光導電体の摩耗抵抗性が大きい。摩耗率のデータ概要を表1に示す。
Claims (4)
- 電荷発生層と、電荷輸送成分、フッ化ポリマー、およびコアシェル成分を含有する電荷輸送層と、を含む光導電体であって、前記コアが金属酸化物を含み、前記シェルがシリカを含む、光導電体。
- 前記シェルが疎水性剤で化学的に修飾されており、
前記フッ化ポリマーが、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、テトラフルオロエチレンとヘキサフルオロプロピレンのコポリマー、テトラフルオロエチレンとパーフルオロ(プロピルビニルエーテル)のコポリマー、テトラフルオロエチレンとパーフルオロ(エチルビニルエーテル)のコポリマー、テトラフルオロエチレンとパーフルオロ(メチルビニルエーテル)のコポリマー、テトラフルオロエチレンとヘキサフルオロプロピレンとフッ化ビニリデンのコポリマー、およびその混合物からなる群から選択され、
前記疎水性剤が、ヘキサメチルジシラザン、2,2,4,4,6,6−ヘキサメチルシクロトリシラザン、1,3−ジエチル−1,1,3,3−テトラメチルジシラザン、1,1,3,3−テトラメチル−1,3−ジフェニルジシラザン、1,3−ジメチル−1,1,3,3−テトラフェニルジシラザン、およびその混合物からなる群から選択されるシラザンあり、
前記金属酸化物が、酸化チタン、酸化アルミニウム、酸化セリウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化スズ、酸化アルミニウム亜鉛、二酸化アンチモンチタン、酸化アンチモンスズ、酸化インジウム、酸化インジウムスズ、またはその混合物である、請求項1に記載の光導電体。 - 前記電荷輸送成分が、
前記フッ化ポリマーが、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、テトラフルオロエチレンとヘキサフルオロプロピレンのコポリマー、テトラフルオロエチレンとパーフルオロ(プロピルビニルエーテル)のコポリマー、テトラフルオロエチレンとパーフルオロ(エチルビニルエーテル)のコポリマー、テトラフルオロエチレンとパーフルオロ(メチルビニルエーテル)のコポリマー、テトラフルオロエチレンとヘキサフルオロプロピレンとフッ化ビニリデンのコポリマーからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の光導電体。 - 前記電荷発生層が、チタニルフタロシアニン、ヒドロキシガリウムフタロシアニン、アルコキシガリウムフタロシアニン、ハロガリウムフタロシアニン、無金属フタロシアニン、ペリレン、およびその混合物の少なくとも1つを含む顔料を含有し、
前記シェルが、トリアルキル−N−(トリアルキルシリル)−シラナミンを含み、
更に、前記光導電体が、支持基体、正孔阻止層および接着層を含み、前記正孔阻止層が前記支持基体と前記電荷発生層の間に設けられ、前記接着層が前記正孔阻止層と前記電荷発生層の間に設けられている、請求項1に記載の光導電体。
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JP6425523B2 (ja) * | 2013-12-26 | 2018-11-21 | キヤノン株式会社 | 電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置 |
US10370564B2 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2019-08-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Adhesive compositions comprising a silsesquioxane polymer crosslinker, articles and methods |
WO2015195355A1 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2015-12-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Adhesive compositions comprising a silsesquioxane polymer crosslinker, articles and methods |
WO2016048736A1 (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2016-03-31 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Curable polymers comprising silsesquioxane polymer core silsesquioxane polymer outer layer, and reactive groups |
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