JP2011008266A - ポリフッ化コアシェル光導電体 - Google Patents
ポリフッ化コアシェル光導電体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】電荷発生層と、電荷輸送成分、フッ化ポリマー、およびコアシェル成分を含有する電荷輸送層と、を含む光導電体であって、前記コアが金属酸化物を含み、前記シェルがシリカを含む、光導電体。
【選択図】なし
Description
30ミリメートルのアルミニウムドラム基体上に、以下のように下引き層を調製して堆積させた。ジルコニウムアセチルアセトナートトリブトキシド(35.5部)、γ−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン(4.8部)、およびポリ(ビニルブチラール)BM−S(2.5部)をn−ブタノール(52.2部)に溶解した。次いで、得られた溶液を、ディップコーターを用いて上記アルミニウムドラム基体上にコーティングし、コーティング溶液層を59℃で13分間予熱し、58℃で17分間加湿し(露点=54℃)、135℃で8分乾燥させた。下引き層の厚さは約1.3μmであった。
CAVIPRO(商標)300ナノマイザー(オハイオ州クリーブランドのファイブ・スター・テクノロジー社(Five Star Technology)製)を用いて21グラムのテトラヒドロフラン(THF)と9グラムのトルエンとの溶媒混合物に溶解/分散させたN,N’−ジフェニル−N,N−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−1,1’−ビフェニル−4,4’−ジアミン(4グラム)、三菱ガス化学株式会社から入手可能な膜形成ポリマーバインダーPCZ400[ポリ(4,4’−ジヒドロキシ−ジフェニル−1−1−シクロヘキサン、Mw=40,000)](6グラム)、およびダイキン工業株式会社から入手可能なポリテトラフルオロエチレンであるPTFE POLYFLON(商標)L−2微粒子(1グラム)から調製した分散液から32μmの電荷輸送層を電荷発生層の上にコーティングしたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に光導電体を作製した。電荷輸送層のPCZ−400/mTBD/PTFE L−2比は54.5/36.4/9.1であり、約120℃で約40分間乾燥させた。
21グラムのテトラヒドロフラン(THF)と9グラムのトルエンとの溶媒混合物に溶解/分散させたN,N’−ジフェニル−N,N−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−1,1’−ビフェニル−4,4’−ジアミン(4グラム)、三菱ガス化学株式会社から入手可能な膜形成ポリマーバインダーPCZ400[ポリ(4,4’−ジヒドロキシ−ジフェニル−1−1−シクロヘキサン、Mw=40,000)](6グラム)、およびドイツ、フランクフルトのエボニック社から入手可能なコアシェルフィラーVP STX801[85重量パーセントの酸化チタンコアおよび15重量パーセントの1,1,1−トリメチル−N−(トリメチルシリル)−シラナミン処理シリカシェル、直径約40ナノメートル](1グラム)から調製した分散液から32μmの電荷輸送層を電荷発生層の上にコーティングしたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に光導電体を作製した。電荷輸送層のPCZ−400/mTBD/コアシェルフィラーVP STX801比は54.5/36.4/9.1であり、約120℃で約40分間乾燥させた。
21グラムのテトラヒドロフラン(THF)と9グラムのトルエンとの溶媒混合物に溶解/分散させたN,N’−ジフェニル−N,N−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−1,1’−ビフェニル−4,4’−ジアミン(4グラム)、三菱ガス化学株式会社から入手可能な膜形成ポリマーバインダーPCZ400[ポリ(4,4’−ジヒドロキシ−ジフェニル−1−1−シクロヘキサン、Mw=40,000)](6グラム)、ドイツ、フランクフルトのエボニック・インダストリー社から入手可能なコアシェルフィラーVP STX801[85重量パーセントの酸化チタンコアおよび15重量パーセントの1,1,1−トリメチル−N−(トリメチルシリル)−シラナミン処理シリカシェル、直径約40ナノメートル](0.3グラム)、およびダイキン工業株式会社から入手可能なポリテトラフルオロエチレンであるPTFE POLYFLON(商標)L−2微粒子(0.8グラム)から調製した分散液から32μmの電荷輸送層を電荷発生層の上にコーティングしたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に光導電体を作製した。電荷輸送層のPCZ−400/mTBD/コアシェルフィラーVP STX801/PTFE L−2比は54.5/36.4/2.7/6.4であり、約120℃で約40分間乾燥させた。
アトライターを用いて21グラムのテトラヒドロフラン(THF)と9グラムのトルエンとの溶媒混合物に溶解/分散させたN,N’−ジフェニル−N,N−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−1,1’−ビフェニル−4,4’−ジアミン(4グラム)、三菱ガス化学株式会社から入手可能な膜形成ポリマーバインダーPCZ400[ポリ(4,4’−ジヒドロキシ−ジフェニル−1−1−シクロヘキサン、Mw=40,000)](6グラム)、コアシェルフィラー(85重量パーセントの酸化アルミニウムコアおよび15重量パーセントのシリカシェル、直径約20ナノメートル)(0.3グラム)、およびダイキン工業株式会社から入手可能なポリテトラフルオロエチレンであるPOLYFLON(商標)L−2微粒子(0.7グラム)から調製した分散液から32μmの電荷輸送層を電荷発生層の上にコーティングすること以外は、比較例1と同様に光導電体を作製する。電荷輸送層のPCZ−400/mTBD/酸化アルミニウムシリカコアシェルフィラー/PTFE L−2比は54.5/36.4/2.7/6.4であり、約120℃で約40分間乾燥させる。
上記で作製した比較例1、2、および3ならびに実施例Iの光導電体を、1回の帯電−除電サイクルに続けて1回の帯電−露光−除電サイクルの順で行う光放電サイクルが得られるように設定したスキャナを用いて試験した。サイクルと共に光強度を漸増させて、種々の露光強度における感光性および表面電位が測定される一連の光放電特性(PIDC)曲線を得た。また、表面電位を漸増させながら一連の帯電−除電サイクルを行い種々の電圧に対する電荷密度曲線を描き、更なる電気的特性を得た。スキャナには、種々の表面電位で一定の電圧を帯電するように設定したスコロトロンを取り付けた。4つの光導電体を、一連のニュートラルデンシティーフィルターを調整することで露光強度を漸増させながら、表面電位700ボルトで試験した。露光光源は780ナノメートルの発光ダイオードであった。ゼログラフィーのシミュレーションは、周囲条件(相対湿度40パーセント、22℃)に環境が調節された遮光チャンバーで行った。
FX469(富士ゼロックス株式会社製)磨耗設備(wear fixture)を用いて上記4つの光導電体の摩耗試験を行った。各磨耗試験を開始する前に、パーマスコープを用いて各光導電体の総厚を測定した。その後、光導電体を別々に摩耗設備中に5万サイクル分置いた。再度、総厚を測定し、厚さの差を用いて光導電体の摩耗率(ナノメートル/キロサイクル)を算出した。摩耗率が小さいほど、光導電体の摩耗抵抗性が大きい。摩耗率のデータ概要を表1に示す。
Claims (4)
- 電荷発生層と、電荷輸送成分、フッ化ポリマー、およびコアシェル成分を含有する電荷輸送層と、を含む光導電体であって、前記コアが金属酸化物を含み、前記シェルがシリカを含む、光導電体。
- 前記シェルが疎水性剤で化学的に修飾されており、
前記フッ化ポリマーが、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、テトラフルオロエチレンとヘキサフルオロプロピレンのコポリマー、テトラフルオロエチレンとパーフルオロ(プロピルビニルエーテル)のコポリマー、テトラフルオロエチレンとパーフルオロ(エチルビニルエーテル)のコポリマー、テトラフルオロエチレンとパーフルオロ(メチルビニルエーテル)のコポリマー、テトラフルオロエチレンとヘキサフルオロプロピレンとフッ化ビニリデンのコポリマー、およびその混合物からなる群から選択され、
前記疎水性剤が、ヘキサメチルジシラザン、2,2,4,4,6,6−ヘキサメチルシクロトリシラザン、1,3−ジエチル−1,1,3,3−テトラメチルジシラザン、1,1,3,3−テトラメチル−1,3−ジフェニルジシラザン、1,3−ジメチル−1,1,3,3−テトラフェニルジシラザン、およびその混合物からなる群から選択されるシラザンあり、
前記金属酸化物が、酸化チタン、酸化アルミニウム、酸化セリウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化スズ、酸化アルミニウム亜鉛、二酸化アンチモンチタン、酸化アンチモンスズ、酸化インジウム、酸化インジウムスズ、またはその混合物である、請求項1に記載の光導電体。 - 前記電荷輸送成分が、
前記フッ化ポリマーが、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、テトラフルオロエチレンとヘキサフルオロプロピレンのコポリマー、テトラフルオロエチレンとパーフルオロ(プロピルビニルエーテル)のコポリマー、テトラフルオロエチレンとパーフルオロ(エチルビニルエーテル)のコポリマー、テトラフルオロエチレンとパーフルオロ(メチルビニルエーテル)のコポリマー、テトラフルオロエチレンとヘキサフルオロプロピレンとフッ化ビニリデンのコポリマーからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の光導電体。 - 前記電荷発生層が、チタニルフタロシアニン、ヒドロキシガリウムフタロシアニン、アルコキシガリウムフタロシアニン、ハロガリウムフタロシアニン、無金属フタロシアニン、ペリレン、およびその混合物の少なくとも1つを含む顔料を含有し、
前記シェルが、トリアルキル−N−(トリアルキルシリル)−シラナミンを含み、
更に、前記光導電体が、支持基体、正孔阻止層および接着層を含み、前記正孔阻止層が前記支持基体と前記電荷発生層の間に設けられ、前記接着層が前記正孔阻止層と前記電荷発生層の間に設けられている、請求項1に記載の光導電体。
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JP6425523B2 (ja) * | 2013-12-26 | 2018-11-21 | キヤノン株式会社 | 電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置 |
US10370564B2 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2019-08-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Adhesive compositions comprising a silsesquioxane polymer crosslinker, articles and methods |
US10392538B2 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2019-08-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Adhesive compositions comprising a silsesquioxane polymer crosslinker, articles and methods |
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JP2019061003A (ja) * | 2017-09-26 | 2019-04-18 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 電子写真感光体及び画像形成装置 |
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