JP2010535498A - 植物精油を含有するナノエマルジョンおよびナノ粒子ならびにそれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
植物精油を含有するナノエマルジョンおよびナノ粒子ならびにそれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
オレオレジン・カプシカム(oleoresin capsicum)およびTween 80を、異なる配合比率(1:3、1:4、1:5)で混合し、150rpmで3分間攪拌した。この混合液にキトサン溶液を異なる添加比率(0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%)で添加して、上記の速度で3分間攪拌した後、50℃水浴槽内で1分間反応させて混合物を製造した。この混合物を、超音波装置(sonic dismembrator Model 500, Fisher scientific, USA)を用いて振幅45%、30W、4℃の条件下で3分間超音波処理し、水中油型(O/W)ナノエマルジョンを製造した。ここで添加比率とは、キトサン溶液全体量に対する、オレオレジン・カプシカムおよびTween 80の混合液の添加含量を意味する。例えば、添加比率0.4%は、オレオレジン・カプシカム:Tween 80=1:4混合液0.4gに、キトサン溶液100mlを添加したことを意味する。以下同文である。
ナノエマルジョンの安定性を測定するために、粒子サイズおよび粘度を測定した。
オレオレジン・カプシカムおよびTween 80の配合比率を1:3、1:4、および1:5にして製造したナノエマルジョンに対して75℃熱処理を行った後、粒子サイズを上記方法で測定した。Tween 80の配合比率が増加するとともに、ナノエマルジョンのサイズが小さくなったが、オレオレジン・カプシカムおよびTween 80の配合比率を1:4および1:5にして製造したナノエマルジョンは各々サイズが52.1nm、13.32nmである均一で安定したナノエマルジョンを形成した(図2)。
1:4の配合比率のオレオレジン・カプシカムおよびTween 80を0.2質量%キトサン溶液と0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、および1.0%の添加比率で混合してナノエマルジョンを製造した後、25℃にて7日間保管した。その後、ナノエマルジョンの粒子サイズを上記方法で測定した。0.2%添加比率では不安定なエマルジョンが形成され、貯蔵の間に粒子サイズが一部変化したが、0.4%以上の添加比率では安定したエマルジョンが形成された(図4)。
1:4の配合比率のオレオレジン・カプシカムおよびTween 80を0.05質量%〜0.2質量%のキトサン溶液と0.4%の添加比率で混合してナノエマルジョンを製造した後、その粒子サイズを上記方法で測定した。ナノエマルジョンの形成において、キトサン溶液0.05質量%〜0.2質量%の範囲では、粒子サイズが12.94nm〜17.67nmの範囲で、大きな差異は示さなかった(図5)。
1:4の配合比率のオレオレジン・カプシカムおよびTween 80を0.2質量%のキトサン溶液と0.4%の添加比率で混合した後、pHを3、4、5、および6に調整してナノエマルジョンを製造した。製造されたナノエマルジョンの粒子サイズおよび粘度を、上記方法によって測定した。pHが3から6に増加するにつれてナノエマルジョンの粒子サイズが増加したが、貯蔵4日後にはその粒子サイズは減少し、15.45nm〜22.53nmの互いに類似した粒子サイズとなった。この結果は、低いpHによるキトサンの化学的分解が原因と推定された。また、粒子サイズの変化は、貯蔵日数が増加するとともに減少する粘度の測定結果と相関することが示された(図7)。
1:4の配合比率のオレオレジン・カプシカムおよびTween 80を0.2質量%のキトサン溶液と0.4%の添加比率で混合してナノエマルジョンを製造した後、50℃、75℃、および100℃にて、15分間の熱処理を行った。ナノエマルジョンは、50℃、75℃、100℃の熱処理によって粒子サイズが各々66.30nm、63.40nm、93.60nmであり、温度の増加とともに増加した(図8)。この結果、50℃以上の熱処理で、ナノエマルジョンのミセル(micelle)構造が変形され、安定性が若干落ちることが確認できたが、高温の熱処理でさえも、100nm以下のナノエマルジョンの形成可能性および食品への利用可能性は示された。
オレオレジン・カプシカムの他にショウガ精油およびニンニク精油を用いて、0.05質量%キトサン溶液および0.05質量%アルギン酸溶液によりナノエマルジョンを製造した。これらの粒子サイズは24.91nm〜35.80nmの範囲にあり、各々の種類による粒子サイズの差異は大きくなかった(図9)。したがって、種々の食品内の機能成分および親水性バイオポリマーを用いたナノエマルジョンの製造可能性を確認した。
二重層ナノエマルジョンの製造のために、オレオレジン・カプシカムおよびTween 80を1:4で混合した混合物0.4gを、0.05質量%のアルギン酸溶液(pH 4.9)100mlに添加して25℃にて150rpmで30分間攪拌混合し、次いで18mM CaCl2溶液7.6mlを添加して150rpmで60分間攪拌混合した。この混合物に0.05%キトサン溶液(pH 4.6)25mlを添加し、150rpmで2時間攪拌混合し、二重層エマルジョンを安定化させた。マイクロ単位のサイズを有するエマルジョンを除去するために、4℃にて11,000rpmで40分間遠心分離した後、上清のみを取った。三重層ナノエマルジョン製造のためのアルギン酸およびキトサンの濃度の選定のために、アルギン酸の濃度は0.05質量%に固定し、キトサンの濃度は0.05〜0.09質量%の種々に設定して、ナノエマルジョンを製造した。0.05質量%のアルギン酸溶液および0.05質量%のキトサン溶液を、各々pH4.9、4.6に調整して調製した。オレオレジン・カプシカムおよびTween 80の混合液0.75gに0.05質量%アルギン酸(pH4.9)117.5mlを添加してそれらを30分間攪拌し、次いでこの混合物に18mM CaCl2溶液7.5mlを1時間攪拌しながら徐々に添加してアルギン酸一次エマルジョンを製造した。この製造された一次エマルジョンに0.05質量%キトサン(pH4.6)25mlを1時間30分間攪拌しながら徐々に添加した。形成されたナノエマルジョンを一定した速度で30分間攪拌し、フィルターで濾過した後、室温にて24時間安定化させた。
0.05%アルギン酸溶液および0.05%キトサン溶液を用いて、オレオレジン・カプシカムおよびTween 80の配合比率を1:4、そして添加比率を0.4%とする条件で製造した二重層ナノエマルジョンに対して−18℃にて真空凍結乾燥を行って、ナノ粒子を製造した。製造された二重層ナノ粒子50mgを50mlの蒸留水と50rpmで30分間攪拌混合して再溶解させた後、その粒子サイズを測定した(図12)。粒子サイズの測定結果は、13.71nmから18.92nmに若干増加したが、粒子サイズ間に大きな差異はなく、ナノエマルジョンは比較的に安定した形態で再形成されることを確認した。
原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)測定のために、製造されたナノエマルジョンを蒸留水で希釈し、その100μlをスライドカバーグラス上に置き、25℃にて24時間乾燥した。原子間力顕微鏡はパークシステムズ社のXE−100を用い、測定にはタッピングモード(tapping mode)であるノンコンタクトモード(non-contact mode)を用いた。このために、市販されているタッピングモード用AFMプローブ(ナノセンサーズ社、弾性定数=42N/m、共振周波数=320kHz)を用いた。測定速度を0.3Hz、測定サイズをXスキャン1μm×Yスキャン1μm、画像データの形式を256ピクセル256ラインにして実施した。位相遅れについて標準化されたデータを得るために、位相遅れを原子力間顕微鏡の「ゼロ位相(zero phase)」命令を用いて初期化した後、測定した。原子間力顕微鏡でナノエマルジョンの形態(morphology)を測定した結果、均一なミセル構造を形成していることを確認した(図13)。
Claims (9)
- ナノエマルジョンの全体質量に対し、0.03質量%〜0.3質量%の植物精油、0.09質量%〜1.5質量%のソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、0.05質量%〜1.0質量%の水溶性バイオポリマー、および残量の水を含む、ナノエマルジョン。
- 前記植物精油が、トウガラシ精油、ニンニク精油、ショウガ精油、およびタマネギ精油からなる群から選択される1つ以上を含む、請求項1に記載のナノエマルジョン。
- 前記水溶性バイオポリマーが、キトサン、アルギン酸、セルロース、カラギーナン、ゼラチン、アラビアガム、ペクチン、およびグアーガムからなる群から選択される1つ以上を含む、請求項1に記載のナノエマルジョン。
- 前記ソルビタン脂肪酸エステルがTween 60またはTween 80である、請求項1に記載のナノエマルジョン。
- 請求項1から4のいずれか1つに記載のナノエマルジョンを溶媒沈殿または真空凍結乾燥して製造されたナノ粒子。
- 単一層ナノエマルジョンの製造方法であって、
0.05質量%〜1.0質量%の水溶性バイオポリマーに、植物精油0.03質量%〜0.3質量%およびソルビタン脂肪酸エステル0.09質量%〜1.5質量%を添加する工程;
残量の水を添加する工程;および
該混合物をナノエマルジョンにする工程
を含む、方法。 - 二重層ナノエマルジョンの製造方法であって、
0.05質量%〜1.0質量%の1つの水溶性バイオポリマーに、植物精油0.03質量%〜0.3質量%およびソルビタン脂肪酸エステル0.09質量%〜1.5質量%を添加する工程;
残量の水を添加する工程;
該混合物に塩化カルシウムを添加する工程;
塩化カルシウムを添加した該混合物をナノエマルジョンにする工程;
該ナノエマルジョンに0.05質量%〜1.0質量%の他の水溶性バイオポリマーを添加し、次いでナノエマルジョンにする工程;および
該ナノエマルジョンを遠心分離してナノサイズのエマルジョンを分離する工程
を含む、方法。 - 三重層ナノエマルジョンの製造方法であって、
0.05質量%〜1.0質量%の1つの水溶性バイオポリマーに、植物精油0.03質量%〜0.3質量%およびソルビタン脂肪酸エステル0.09質量%〜1.5質量%を添加する工程;
残量の水を添加する工程;
該混合物に塩化カルシウムを添加する工程;
塩化カルシウムを添加した該混合物をナノエマルジョンにする工程;
該ナノエマルジョンに0.05質量%〜1.0質量%の他の水溶性バイオポリマーを添加し、次いでナノエマルジョンにする工程;
該ナノエマルジョンに0.05質量%〜1.0質量%のさらに他の水溶性バイオポリマー溶液を添加し、次いでナノエマルジョンにする工程;および
該ナノエマルジョンを遠心分離してナノサイズのエマルジョンを分離する工程
を含む、方法。 - 前記ナノエマルジョンを溶媒沈殿または真空凍結乾燥する工程をさらに含む、請求項6から8に記載のナノ粒子の製造方法。
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JP2019026623A (ja) * | 2017-08-03 | 2019-02-21 | 花王株式会社 | 膜構造体の製造方法 |
JP2019026624A (ja) * | 2017-08-03 | 2019-02-21 | 花王株式会社 | 経口用膜構造体の製造方法 |
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