JP2010509988A - 治療薬を異なるタイミングで管外側および管腔側に放出するステント - Google Patents
治療薬を異なるタイミングで管外側および管腔側に放出するステント Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010509988A JP2010509988A JP2009537210A JP2009537210A JP2010509988A JP 2010509988 A JP2010509988 A JP 2010509988A JP 2009537210 A JP2009537210 A JP 2009537210A JP 2009537210 A JP2009537210 A JP 2009537210A JP 2010509988 A JP2010509988 A JP 2010509988A
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Landscapes
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- Epidemiology (AREA)
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- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
A.医療器具
本発明に特に適した医療器具には、当業者に周知の任意の種類の医療用ステントが挙げられる。好ましくは、ステントは、患者の血管内に永久的に移植するために設計され、開口部を備えたステント側壁構造を有する血管内ステントである。好適な血管内ステントとしては、自己拡張型ステントおよびバルーン拡張型ステントが挙げられる。本発明に有用な自己拡張型ステントの例は、ウォールステン(Wallsten)の米国特許第4,655,771号および同第4,954,126号明細書、ならびにウォールステン(Wallsten)らの米国特許第5,061,275号明細書に例証されている。好適なバルーン拡張型ステントの例は、ピンチャシク(Pinchasik) らの米国特許第5,449,373号明細書に示されている。特定の実施形態では、ステントは、開口部を備えたステント側壁構造を含む。そのようなステントが使用されるときには、場合によっては、側壁構造の開口部が保たれるようにステントに一致させて該ステント上にコーティングを配置することが望ましい。好ましい実施形態では、本発明に適したステントはExpressステントである。より好ましくは、ExpressステントはExpress(商標)ステントまたはExpress2(商標)ステント(米国マサチューセッツ州ナティック所在のボストン・サイエンティフィック・インコーポレイテッド(Boston Scientific, Inc.) 製)である。
B.好適な治療薬
「治療薬」という用語は、生物学的活性を有する物質、さらには遺伝物質および生体物質をも包含する。本明細書で挙げる治療薬には、そのアナログおよび誘導体も含まれる。限定するものではないが、好適な治療薬の例には、ヘパリン、ヘパリン誘導体、ウロキナーゼ、デキストロフェニルアラニン・プロリン・アルギニン・クロロメチルケトン(PPack)、エノキサプリン(enoxaprin) 、アンギオペプチン、ヒルジン、アセチルサリチル酸、タクロリムス、エベロリムス、ラパマイシン(シロリムス)、ピメクロリムス、アムロジピン、ドキサゾシン、グルココルチコイド、ベタメタゾン、デキサメタゾン、プレドニゾロン、コルチコステロン、ブデソニド、スルファサラジン、ロシグリタゾン、ミコフェノール酸、メサラミン、パクリタキセル、5−フルオロウラシル、シスプラチン、ビンブラスチン、ビンクリスチン、エポチロン、メトトレキサート、アザチオプリン、アドリアマイシン、mutamycin(登録商標)、エンドスタチン、アンギオスタチン、チミジンキナ−ゼ阻害剤、クラドリビン、リドカイン、ブピバカイン、ロピバカイン、D−Phe−Pro−Argクロロメチルケトン、血小板レセプター拮抗薬、抗トロンビン抗体、抗血小板レセプター抗体、アスピリン、ジピリダモール、プロタミン、ヒルジン、プロスタグランジン阻害剤、抗血小板薬、トラピジル、liprostin(商標)、ダニ由来抗血小板ペプチド、5−アザシチジン、血管内皮細胞増殖因子、成長因子レセプター、転写活性化因子、翻訳プロモーター、抗増殖剤、成長因子阻害剤、成長因子レセプター拮抗薬、転写抑制因子、翻訳抑制因子、複製阻害剤、抑制抗体、成長因子に対する抗体、成長因子と細胞毒素とで構成される二官能分子、抗体と細胞毒素とで構成される二官能分子、コレステロール低下薬、血管拡張剤、内因性の血管作動機構を阻害する薬剤、放射性化学薬品、酸化防止剤、プロブコール、抗生物質、ペニシリン、セフォキシチン、オキサシリン、トブラマイシン、抗血管新生剤、繊維芽細胞成長因子、エストロゲン、エストラジオール(E2)、エストリオール(E3)、17−βエストラジオール、ジゴキシン、β遮断薬、カプトプリル、エナロプリル(enalopril) 、スタチン、ステロイド、ビタミン、パクリタキセル(およびその誘導体、アナログ、またはタンパク質に結合したパクリタキセル(例えばAbraxane(商標))、2’−スクシニル−タキソール、2’−スクシニル−タキソールトリエタノールアミン、2’−グルタリル−タキソール、2’−グルタリル−タキソールトリエタノールアミン塩、N−(ジメチルアミノエチル)グルタミンを備えた2’−O−エステル、N−(ジメチルアミノエチル)グルタミド塩酸塩を備えた2’−O−エステル、ニトログリセリン、亜酸化窒素、酸化窒素、抗生物質、アスピリン、ジギタリス、エストロゲン、エストラジオールおよびグリコシド、が挙げられる。一実施形態では、治療薬は平滑筋細胞阻害剤または抗生物質である。好ましい実施形態では、治療薬はタキソール(例えばTaxol(登録商標))またはそのアナログもしくは誘導体である。別の好ましい実施形態では、治療薬はパクリタキセル、またはそのアナログもしくは誘導体である。さらに別の好ましい実施形態では、治療薬は、エリスロマイシン、アンフォテリシン、ラパマイシン、アドリアマイシンなどのような抗生物質である。
一実施形態では、治療薬は細胞の代謝を変化させることができるか、またはタンパク質合成、DNA合成、紡錘糸形成、細胞増殖、細胞移動、微小管形成、微小繊維形成、細胞外マトリックス合成、細胞外マトリックス分泌、もしくは細胞の体積増大のような細胞活性を抑制することができる。別の実施形態では、治療薬は細胞増殖または細胞移動のうち少なくともいずれか一方を阻害することができる。
C.好適なポリマー
コーティング組成物を形成するために有用なポリマーは、特に体内に器具を挿入または移植する間は生体適合性を有し、かつ体組織を刺激しないポリマーでなければならない。そのようなポリマーの例としては、限定するものではないが、ポリウレタン、ポリイソブチレンおよびそのコポリマー、シリコーン、ならびにポリエステルが挙げられる。他の好適なポリマーには、ポリオレフィン、ポリイソブチレン、エチレン−αオレフィンコポリマー、アクリルポリマーおよびアクリルコポリマー、ポリ塩化ビニルのようなハロゲン化ビニルのポリマーおよびコポリマー、ポリビニルメチルエーテルのようなポリビニルエーテル、ポリフッ化ビニリデンおよびポリ塩化ビニリデンのようなポリハロゲン化ビニリデン、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリビニルケトン、ポリスチレンのようなポリビニル芳香族、ポリ酢酸ビニルのようなポリビニルエステル;ビニルモノマ−のコポリマー、エチレンメチルメタクリラートコポリマーのような、ビニルモノマ−とオレフィンのコポリマー、アクリロニトリル−スチレンコポリマー、ABS樹脂、エチレン−酢酸ビニルコポリマー、ナイロン66およびポリカプロラクトンのようなポリアミド、アルキド樹脂、ポリカーボネート、ポリオキシエチレン、ポリイミド、ポリエーテル、エポキシ樹脂、ポリウレタン、レーヨン−トリアセテート、セルロース、酢酸セルロース、酪酸セルロース、酢酸酪酸セルロース、セロハン、ニトロセルロース、プロピオン酸セルロース、セルロースエーテル、カルボキシメチルセルロース、コラーゲン、キチン、ポリ乳酸、ポリグリコール酸、ならびにポリ乳酸−ポリエチレンオキシドコポリマーが挙げられる。ポリマーは、医療器具の機械的な負荷(例えば拡張および収縮)を受ける部分に適用されるため、シリコーン(例えばポリシロキサンおよび置換ポリシロキサン)、ポリウレタン、熱可塑性エラストマー、エチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマー、ポリオレフィンエラストマー、およびEPDMゴムのような弾性ポリマーから選択されることが好ましい。ポリマーは、ステントが外力または応力を受けたときに、コーティングがストラットの表面により強く付着できるように選択される。さらに、コーティングは1種類のポリマーを使用して形成することができるが、ポリマーの様々な組み合わせが用いられてもよい。
D.コーティング材を形成する方法
本明細書に記載された器具に適したコーティング組成物は、ポリマーまたは治療薬のうち少なくともいずれか一方を溶媒に溶解または懸濁させることにより調製することができる。コーティング組成物を調製するために使用可能な溶媒には、前記ポリマーまたは治療薬のうち少なくともいずれか一方を溶液中に溶解または懸濁させることができるものが含まれる。好適な溶媒の例としては、限定するものではないが、温水などの水、テトラヒドロフラン、メチルエチルケトン、クロロホルム、トルエン、アセトン、イソオクタン、1,1,1,トリクロロエタン、ジクロロメタン、イソプロパノール、IPA、およびこれらの混合物が挙げられる。
E.多孔性表面を作製する方法
ステントの管外側表面、管腔側表面または側面のうち少なくともいずれかが、図6Aおよび図6Bのような複数の細孔を備えた金属酸化物または金属材料を含んでなる本発明のステントの実施形態において、場合により、反応性プラズマ、電解エッチングまたはイオン衝撃の使用を伴う微小粗化(micro-roughing)技術によって細孔を作製することができる。細孔は、サンドブラスト加工、レーザアブレーションまたは化学エッチングのような他の方法によって作製することもできる。
F.ステントストラットにキャビティを作る方法
治療薬を含むように設計されたストラット内のキャビティは、細孔を作るための当分野で良く知られた技術によって形成することができる。例えば、図7A〜図7Cで具体化されるように、ステントストラット内のキャビティは、レーザアブレーション、微小粗化技術、サンドブラスト加工、もしくは化学エッチング、またはこれらの方法の組み合わせによって作製することができる。EDM(放電加工)による微小穿孔加工または電子ビ−ム穿孔加工によりキャビティを形成することもできる。作られるキャビティは必要に応じて任意の形状、大きさ、および深さを有することができる。
Claims (30)
- 患者の血管内に移植するために設計されたステントであって、
複数のストラットと開口部とを含んでなる管状のステント側壁構造と、少なくとも1つのストラットは、管外側表面と、管外側表面の反対側の管腔側表面とを含むことと、
管外側表面および管腔側表面に配置される、第1のポリマーと治療薬とを含んでなる第1のコーティング組成物と、
管腔側表面に配置された第1のコーティング組成物の一部の上に配置される第2のコーティング組成物と、第2のコーティング組成物は生分解性であり、生体吸収性ポリマーを含むことと
を備えるステント。 - 管外側表面には第2のコーティング組成物が配置されず、ステントが移植されると、管外側表面に配置された第1のコーティング組成物が血管と直接接触する、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 管外側表面に配置された第1のコーティング組成物の一部の上に第2のコーティング組成物がさらに配置される、請求項1に記載のステント。
- ストラットは、第1の側面および第1の側面の反対側の第2の側面をさらに含み、各側面は管外側表面と管腔側表面との間に配置される、請求項1に記載のステント。
- ストラットの第1の側面および第2の側面に第1のコーティング組成物が配置され、第1および第2の側面のそれぞれに配置された第1のコーティング組成物の一部の上に第2のコーティング組成物が配置される、請求項4に記載のステント。
- 第1のポリマーは生物学的に安定性を有する、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 治療薬は、抗血栓形成剤、抗血管新生剤、抗増殖剤、再狭窄抑制剤、成長因子、抗生物質または放射性化学薬品を含む、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 治療薬は平滑筋細胞の増殖を抑制する物質を含む、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 治療薬は、パクリタキセル、シロリムス、エベロリムス、ピメクロリムス、またはタクロリムスを含む、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 第1のコーティング組成物に対して付与される場合、第2のコーティング組成物は治療薬を含まない、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 生体吸収性ポリマーは多価電解質成分を含む、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 第1のコーティング組成物および第2のコーティング組成物は、側壁構造の開口部が保たれるように、ステントの表面に一致するように配置される、請求項1に記載のステント。
- ステントは血管内ステントである、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 患者の血管内に移植するために設計された血管内ステントであって、
複数のストラットと開口部とを含んでなる管状のステント側壁構造と、少なくとも1つのストラットは、管外側表面と、管外側表面の反対側の管腔側表面と、第1の側面および第1の側面の反対側の第2の側面とを含み、各側面は管外側表面と管腔側表面との間に配置されることと、
管外側表面、管腔側表面および側面に配置される、生物学的に安定性を有する第1のポリマーと再狭窄抑制剤とを含んでなる第1のコーティング組成物と、
管腔側表面ならびに第1の側面および第2の側面に配置される第2のコーティング組成物と、第2のコーティング組成物は生分解性であり、生体吸収性ポリマーを含むことと
を備え、
管外側表面には第2のコーティング組成物が配置されず、ステントが移植されると、管外側表面に配置された第1のコーティング組成物が血管と直接接触する、ステント。 - 患者の血管内に移植するために設計された血管内ステントであって、
複数のストラットと開口部とを含んでなる管状のステント側壁構造と、少なくとも1つのストラットは、管外側表面と、管外側表面の反対側の管腔側表面と、第1の側面および第1の側面の反対側の第2の側面とを含み、各側面は管外側表面と管腔側表面との間に配置されることと、
管外側表面に配置される、第1のポリマーと治療薬とを含んでなる第1のコーティング組成物と、第1のコーティング組成物は管腔側表面および側面には配置されないことと、
管腔側表面、第1の側面および第2の側面、ならびに管外側表面に配置された第1のコーティング組成物の一部の上に配置される第2のコーティング組成物と、第2のコーティング組成物は生分解性であり、生体吸収性ポリマーを含むことと
を備えるステント。 - 第1のポリマーは生物学的に安定性を有する、請求項15に記載のステント。
- 治療薬は、抗血栓形成剤、抗血管新生剤、抗増殖剤、再狭窄抑制剤、成長因子、抗生物質または放射性化学薬品を含む、請求項15に記載のステント。
- 治療薬は平滑筋細胞の増殖を抑制する物質を含む、請求項17に記載のステント。
- 治療薬は、パクリタキセル、シロリムス、エベロリムス、ピメクロリムス、またはタクロリムスを含む、請求項15に記載のステント。
- 第1のコーティング組成物に対して付与される場合、第2のコーティング組成物は治療薬を含まない、請求項15に記載のステント。
- 生体吸収性ポリマーは多価電解質成分を含む、請求項15に記載のステント。
- 患者の血管内に移植するために設計された、生体吸収性の血管内ステントであって、
複数のストラットと開口部とを含んでなる管状のステント側壁構造と、少なくとも1つのストラットは生体吸収性材料を含むことと、該ストラットは、管外側表面、管外側表面の反対側の管腔側表面、および管外側表面に連通するストラット内部キャビティを含み、該キャビティ内に治療薬を含むことと
を備えるステント。 - 生体吸収性の第1のポリマーを含んでなる第1のコーティング組成物が、管外側表面および管腔側表面にさらに配置される、請求項22に記載のステント。
- キャビティ内に生体吸収性の第2のポリマーをさらに含む、請求項22に記載のステント。
- 治療薬は、抗血栓形成剤、抗血管新生剤、抗増殖剤、再狭窄抑制剤、成長因子、抗生物質または放射性化学薬品を含む、請求項22に記載のステント。
- 治療薬は再狭窄抑制剤を含む、請求項25に記載のステント。
- 治療薬は平滑筋細胞の増殖を抑制する物質を含む、請求項22に記載のステント。
- 治療薬は、パクリタキセル、シロリムス、エベロリムス、ピメクロリムス、またはタクロリムスを含む、請求項22に記載のステント。
- 生体吸収性ポリマーは多価電解質成分を含む、請求項22に記載のステント。
- 第1のコーティング組成物および第2のコーティング組成物は、側壁構造の開口部が保たれるように、ステントの表面に一致するように配置される、請求項22に記載のステント。
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ATE494017T1 (de) | 2011-01-15 |
WO2008063539A3 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
WO2008063539A2 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
EP2111241A2 (en) | 2009-10-28 |
EP2111241B1 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
EP2305323A2 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
US20090062910A1 (en) | 2009-03-05 |
DE602007011822D1 (de) | 2011-02-17 |
CA2668765A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
EP2305323A3 (en) | 2011-04-13 |
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