JP2010501482A - 細胞死の13c−mrイメージング又は分光法 - Google Patents
細胞死の13c−mrイメージング又は分光法 Download PDFInfo
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- pyruvate
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
図1は、エトポシドで処理したEL4細胞懸濁液及び未処理EL4細胞懸濁液中における13C1−ピルビン酸塩及び13C1−乳酸塩のピーク強度を時間に対して示している。
1:未処理対照細胞懸濁液及びエトポシド処理細胞懸濁液における13C1−ピルビン酸塩強度(100で割った値)。
2:対照細胞懸濁液における13C1−乳酸塩強度。
3:エトポシド処理細胞懸濁液における13C1−乳酸塩強度。
1:未処理EL4細胞懸濁液。
2:エトポシド処理EL4細胞懸濁液。
3:エトポシド/ニコチンアミド処理EL4細胞懸濁液。
国際公開第98/39277号の実施例7に従って合成したトリス(8−カルボキシ−2,2,6,6−テトラ(ヒドロキシエチル)ベンゾ[1,2−4,5′]ビス−(1,3)ジチオール−4−イル)メチルナトリウム塩10g(70mmol)をアルゴン雰囲気下で280mlのジメチルアセトアミド中に懸濁した。水素化ナトリウム(2.75g)、次いでヨウ化メチル(5.2ml)を添加し、わずかに発熱性の反応を34℃の水浴中で1時間(60分間)進行させた。水素化ナトリウム及びヨウ化メチルの添加は、それぞれ同量の化合物を用いて2回繰り返した。最後の添加後、混合物を室温で68時間撹拌し、次いで500mlの水中に注ぎ込んだ。40mlの1M NaOH(水溶液)を用いてpHをpH>13に調整し、混合物を周囲温度で15時間撹拌することで生成したメチルエステルを加水分解した。次に、50mlの2M HCl(水溶液)を用いて混合物を約2のpHに酸性化し、酢酸エチル(500ml及び2×200ml)で3回抽出した。合わせた有機相をNa2SO4上で乾燥し、次いで蒸発乾固させた。アセトニトリル/水を溶離剤として用いる分取HPLCによって粗生成物(24g)を精製した。集めた画分を蒸発させてアセトニトリルを除去した。残った水相を酢酸エチルで抽出し、有機相をNa2SO4上で乾燥し、次いで蒸発乾固させた。水(200ml)を残留物に添加し、0.1M NaOH(水溶液)を用いてpHを注意深く7に調整したが、この過程中に残留物は徐々に溶解した。中和後、水溶液を凍結乾燥した。
実施例1のラジカル5.0mgを13C1−ピルビン酸(164μl)に溶解することで20mM溶液を調製した。試料を均質になるまで混合し、溶液のアリコート(41mg)を試料カップに入れ、DNP分極装置内に挿入した。
実施例1のラジカル(209.1mg)を13C1−ピルビン酸(553mg)と未標識ピルビン酸(10.505g)の混合物に溶解することで15mM溶液を調製した。試料を均質になるまで混合し、溶液のアリコート(2.015g)を試料カップに入れ、DNP分極装置内に挿入した。
国際公開第97/09633号の実施例7に記載されたようにしてトリス(8−カルボキシ−2,2,6,6−テトラ(ヒドロキシエトキシ)メチル−ベンゾ[1,2−d:4,5−d′]ビス−(1,3)ジチオール−4−イル)メチルナトリウム塩を合成した。試料を均質になるまで混合し、試料カップに入れ、DNP分極装置内に挿入した。DNP条件下、3.35Tの磁場中において1.2Kでマイクロ波(93.950GHz)を照射して試料を分極させた。Varian Inova−200 NMR分光計を用いて試料からの13C−NMR信号を取得した。熱平衡13C−NMR信号の測定値及び増強13C−NMR信号からDNPの増強を計算した。16%の13C−分極が得られた。
実施例1のDNP剤(トリチルラジカル)を13C1−ピルビン酸(44mg、91%)に溶解することで15mM溶液を調製した。試料を均質になるまで混合し、溶液を試料カップに入れ、DNP分極装置内に挿入した。
6.1 EL4細胞の前処理
EL4マウスリンパ腫細胞(108細胞)を、16時間の暴露後に細胞死を誘発することが知られている化合物である15μMのエトポシド(PCH Pharmachemie BV、ハルレエム)で処理した。別の細胞集合を、15μMのエトポシド及び20mMのニコチンアミド(公知のPARP阻害剤)で16時間処理した。細胞死(アポトーシス及び壊死)はアクリジンオレンジ及びヨウ化プロピジウム染色によって確認した。10%FCSを含む37℃のRPMI1640増殖培地で細胞を3回洗浄し、エトポシド処理及びエトポシド/ニコチンアミド処理EL4細胞懸濁液2mlに、実施例5に係るイメージング剤2mlを添加した。かくして、最終細胞懸濁液は30mMの過分極13C1−ピルビン酸塩及び37.5mMの乳酸塩を含んでいた。
6.1に記載したようなエトポシド処理EL4細胞懸濁液中の13C−ピルビン酸塩及び13C−乳酸塩からの13C−信号強度を、イメージング剤の添加時刻から240秒の期間にわたって追跡した。9.4Tで低フリップ角パルスを用いて毎秒1つの13Cスペクトルを取得し、全部で240のスペクトルを得た。エトポシドで処理しない(未処理)EL4リンパ腫細胞の対照品も上記に略述したようにして検査し、未処理及びエトポシド処理EL4細胞からの13C−ピルビン酸塩及び13C−乳酸塩のピーク強度をグラフ上にプロットした(図1)。
6.1に記載したようなエトポシド処理及びエトポシド/ニコチンアミド処理EL4細胞懸濁液中の13C−ピルビン酸塩及び13C−乳酸塩からの13C−信号強度を、イメージング剤の添加時刻から240秒の期間にわたって追跡した。9.4Tで低フリップ角パルスを用いて毎秒1つの13Cスペクトルを取得し、全部で240のスペクトルを得た。エトポシドで処理しない(未処理)EL4リンパ腫細胞の対照品も上記に略述したようにして検査し、未処理、エトポシド処理及びエトポシド/ニコチンアミド処理EL4細胞からの13C−ピルビン酸塩及び13C−乳酸塩のピーク強度を比較した。修正ブロッホ式に基づく二部位交換モデルにデータを当てはめ、順方向及び逆方向交換13Cの流れに関する速度定数を求めた。図2中の棒グラフは、3回の実験±標準偏差を表している。
実施例1のDNP剤(トリチルラジカル)を13C1−ピルビン酸(44mg、91%)に溶解することで15mM溶液を調製した。試料を均質になるまで混合し、溶液を試料カップに入れ、DNP分極装置内に挿入した。
EL4細胞の皮下埋込みにより、マウスにおいてリンパ腫腫瘍を形成した。マウスを67mg/kgのエトポシドの腹腔内注射で処理した。エトポシド処理後の腫瘍細胞死を組織学的に評価した。エトポシド処理しないマウスを対照として使用した。
Claims (11)
- 細胞死を検出するために13C−MRイメージング及び/又は13C−MR分光法を実施する方法であって、過分極13C−ピルビン酸塩を含むイメージング剤を使用する方法。
- イメージング剤をヒト又はヒト以外の動物の身体に投与し、前記ヒト又はヒト以外の動物の体内における細胞死を検出するために前記13C−MRイメージング及び/又は13C−MR分光法を実施する、請求項1記載の方法。
- イメージング剤を細胞培養物又はエクスビボ組織に添加し、前記細胞培養物又はエクスビボ組織中における細胞死を検出するために前記13C−MRイメージング及び/又は13C−MR分光法を実施する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 13C−ピルビン酸塩及びその代謝産物である13C−乳酸塩からの13C−信号強度を経時的に追跡する、請求項1ないし請求項3記載の方法。
- 13C−ピルビン酸塩及び13C−乳酸塩からの13C−信号強度を、イメージング剤の投与/添加の時点から約10分後、好ましくは約6分後、さらに好ましくは約5分後まで追跡する、請求項4記載の方法。
- 細胞死が、13C−乳酸塩からの13C−信号強度の低下又は13C−乳酸塩からの13C−信号の欠如或いは13C−乳酸塩の生成速度の低下によって検出される、請求項1ないし請求項5記載の方法。
- イメージング剤がさらに乳酸塩を含む、請求項1ないし請求項6記載の方法。
- 前記イメージング剤の投与/添加に先立ち、前記ヒト又はヒト以外の動物の身体に乳酸塩が投与される、請求項2及び請求項4ないし請求項6記載の方法。
- 前記イメージング剤の添加に先立ち、前記細胞培養物又はエクスビボ組織に乳酸塩が添加される、請求項3ないし請求項6記載の方法。
- 過分極13C−ピルビン酸塩が13C−ピルビン酸又は13C−ピルビン酸塩の動的核分極によって得られる、請求項1ないし請求項9記載の方法。
- 細胞死を検出するために13C−MRイメージング及び/又は13C−MR分光法を実施する方法で使用するためのイメージング剤の製造における、過分極13C−ピルビン酸塩及び任意の乳酸塩の使用。
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