JP2010277003A - Organ model - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an organ model which has a hydrophilic nature similar to a human body, spreads at an incision like a living human organ when it is cut, gives a cutting feel and touch just similar to a living human organ and, can be appropriately used in training the skill; a material for forming an organ model appropriately usable for the organ model; and a method for producing the same. <P>SOLUTION: The material for forming an organ model contains an aqueous gel, which comprises polyvinyl alcohol having an average degree of polymerization of 300-3,500 and a degree of saponification of 90 mol% or higher, and silica particles. The method for producing a material for forming an organ model comprises cooling a polyvinyl alcohol solution, which contains polyvinyl alcohol having an average degree of polymerization of 300-3,500 and a degree of saponification of 90 mol% or higher and silica particles, to a temperature of -10°C or lower, and thawing the formed aqueous gel. The organ model comprises the material for forming an organ model. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an organ model. More specifically, for example, an organ model that can be suitably used in a surgical practice such as an incision or cutting suture of a human body, a surgical practice using an endoscope, and the like, and it can be suitably used for the organ model. The present invention relates to an organ model molding material and a method for producing the same. The organ model of the present invention can also be suitably used when confirming the sharpness of surgical excision tools such as a surgical knife, a surgical knife, and a laser knife.

  Among surgeons' surgeries, the operation of organs such as the heart using a scalpel is a fatal wound that can be fatal if the depth of incision is too deep. Is required work. Therefore, since a surgeon is required to have a highly skilled surgical technique, a practice is conventionally performed using an internal organ of an animal such as a pig.

  However, in practice practice using internal organs of animals, when the internal organs are required to be fresh, if the procedure is mistaken and the practicing person is injured, the pathogenic bacteria contained in the internal organs of the animal from the wound And the like, there is a risk of infection, and a great deal of cost is required for hygiene management of instruments used when practicing a procedure and disposal of used internal organs. In addition, the internal organs of animals for practicing practice are not widely used by medical students, residents, practitioners, and the like.

  Therefore, an artificial organ model resembling a living body organ is used in the practice of a technique such as a doctor in order to improve the technique. Conventionally, as an artificial organ model, for example, a model main body made of silicone, urethane elastomer, styrene elastomer or the like has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  However, organ models made of these materials have water repellency, so they are not as hydrophilic as the human body, and when the incision is made, the incision does not close and spread, and the human body has a cutting feeling and feel. Are quite different, so they are not suitable for practicing doctors.

  In addition, as a model of biological soft tissue, it is obtained by injecting a solution in which two types of polyvinyl alcohol are dissolved into a biological soft tissue mold and then allowing it to gel by cooling, and removing the resulting aqueous gel composition from the mold. Model has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

  However, since this living body soft tissue model requires two kinds of polyvinyl alcohol as raw materials in the production stage, adjustment of the composition is complicated, and toxic dimethyl sulfoxide is required as a solvent. In addition, there is a disadvantage that a complicated operation of ethanol substitution and water substitution for removing dimethyl sulfoxide is required. In addition, since it is difficult to completely remove dimethyl sulfoxide from the living body soft tissue model, there is a concern about the adverse effect on the human body when the living body soft tissue model is used. Furthermore, since this model of living soft tissue has almost no elasticity, it does not have the elasticity of living organs, and its surface is sticky and has a high water content, so the cutting feeling and surface that are quite different from living organs There is a drawback that it has a state and swells greatly when water is replenished when it is soiled or dried.

  Therefore, in recent years, from doctors, medical universities, surgical hospitals, etc., it has hydrophilicity like the human body, and when the incision is made, the incised part spreads like a living organ, and the same cutting feeling as a living organ Development of an organ model that has a feel and can be suitably used for practicing a technique is highly desired.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-241988 JP 2007-316434 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above prior art, has a hydrophilicity like a human body, and when the incision is made, the incision portion expands like a living organ, and the same cutting feeling as a living organ It is an object of the present invention to provide an organ model that has a touch and can be suitably used for practicing a technique, a molding material for an organ model that can be suitably used for the organ model, and a method for manufacturing the same.

The present invention
(1) An organ model molding material comprising an aqueous gel composed of polyvinyl alcohol having an average polymerization degree of 300 to 3500 and a saponification degree of 90 mol% or more, and silica particles,
(2) Aqueous gel formed by cooling an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution containing polyvinyl alcohol and silica particles having an average polymerization degree of 300 to 3500 and a saponification degree of 90 mol% or less to a temperature of -10 ° C or lower. A method for producing a molding material for an organ model, characterized by
(3) An organ model made of the molding material for organ model described in (1) above, and (4) an organ model having a surface layer made of the molding material for organ model described in (1) above.

  The molding material for an organ model of the present invention has hydrophilicity like a human body, and when the incision is made, the incision portion spreads like a living organ, and has the same cutting feeling and feel as a living organ. It can be suitably used for an organ model used when practicing a technique.

  According to the method for producing a molding material for an organ model of the present invention, it has hydrophilicity like a human body, and when the incision is made, the incised portion expands like a living organ, and also has the same cutting feeling and feel as a living organ. It is possible to produce a molding material for an organ model having

  The organ model of the present invention has at least a surface composed of the molding material for organ model, so that it has hydrophilicity like a human body, and when the incision is made, the incised part expands like a living organ, Since it has the same cutting feeling and feel as a living organ, it can be suitably used as, for example, an organ model used when practicing a technique.

FIG. 38 is a drawing-substituting photograph of an organ model approximated to the shape of a human liver obtained in Example 26. FIG. 40 is a drawing-substituting photograph of an organ model approximated to the form of the small intestine of a human body obtained in Example 27. FIG.

  The inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies focusing on the technical problems of the above-mentioned conventional organ model. As a material constituting the organ model, the average degree of polymerization is 300 to 3500, and saponification is performed. An organ model having an aqueous gel made of polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of 90 mol% or more and a surface layer made of a material containing silica particles has hydrophilicity like a human body, and when the incision is made, the incision becomes a living organ It has been found that it has a cutting feeling and feel similar to that of a living organ, and can be suitably used for practicing a procedure by a doctor or the like. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.

  The molding material for organ model of the present invention may form a surface layer of the organ model, or may constitute the whole organ model. When the organ model molding material of the present invention forms the surface layer of the organ model, the organ model molding material of the present invention is used as the organ model surface material.

  The organ model molding material of the present invention contains an aqueous gel and silica particles made of polyvinyl alcohol having an average polymerization degree of 300 to 3500 and a saponification degree of 90 mol% or more.

  The organ model molding material of the present invention is, for example, an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution containing polyvinyl alcohol and silica particles having an average polymerization degree of 300 to 3500 and a saponification degree of 90 mol% or more at a temperature of -10 ° C or lower. It can be easily manufactured by cooling and thawing the formed aqueous gel.

  The average degree of polymerization determined by the viscosity method of polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 300 or more, more preferably 500 or more, and still more preferably 1000 or more, from the viewpoint of increasing the mechanical strength of the molding material for organ model of the present invention. From the viewpoint of imparting moderate elasticity that approximates the organ of the present invention, it is preferably 3500 or less, more preferably 3000 or less, and even more preferably 2500 or less.

  The saponification degree of polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 90 mol% or more, more preferably 95 mol% or more, and still more preferably 98 mol, from the viewpoint of increasing the mechanical strength and elastic modulus of the organ model molding material of the present invention. % Or more. There is no limitation on the upper limit of the degree of saponification of polyvinyl alcohol, and the higher it is, the more preferable it is, and the completely saponified polyvinyl alcohol is more preferable.

  Polyvinyl alcohol can usually be used as an aqueous solution. When polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved in water, it is preferable to warm polyvinyl alcohol or water from the viewpoint of increasing the solubility of polyvinyl alcohol. The concentration of polyvinyl alcohol in the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution is preferably 1% by weight or more, more preferably 3% by weight or more, and further preferably 5% by weight or more from the viewpoint of increasing the mechanical strength of the organ model molding material of the present invention. In view of sufficiently dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in water and improving moldability, it is preferably 40% by weight or less, more preferably 30% by weight or less, and still more preferably 20% by weight or less.

  The molding material for organ models of the present invention contains silica particles. Since the molding material for organ model of the present invention contains silica particles in this way, an organic solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide, which is harmful to the human body, is used as before, or cold thawing of an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution is repeated many times. An organ model molding material that has hydrophilicity similar to that of the human body without being repeated, has an incised portion that expands like a living organ, and has the same cutting feel and feel as a living organ. Obtainable.

  The particle diameter of the silica particles is preferably about 3 to 100 nm from the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability in polyvinyl alcohol and the smoothness of the molding material for organ model of the present invention.

  The amount of silica particles is preferably 0.01 parts by weight or more, more preferably from 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, from the viewpoint of increasing the mechanical strength and elasticity of the molding material for organ model of the present invention and improving water wettability. Is 0.05 parts by weight or more, more preferably 0.1 parts by weight or more, and preferably 50 parts by weight or less, more preferably 30 parts by weight, from the viewpoint of preventing the organ model molding material of the present invention from becoming hard. Part or less, more preferably 20 parts by weight or less. Silica particles can usually be mixed with polyvinyl alcohol or an aqueous solution thereof.

  The silica particles are preferably used as, for example, colloidal silica. The content of the silica particles in the colloidal silica is preferably about 3 to 40% by weight from the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability in polyvinyl alcohol and the mechanical strength of the organ model molding material of the present invention. Colloidal silica can be easily obtained commercially, for example, as a product name: Snowtex (registered trademark) manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.

  Moreover, it is preferable to add a polysaccharide to polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution from a viewpoint of preventing the surface layer from drying.

  Examples of polysaccharides include chitin, deacetylated chitin, chitosan, chitosan acetate, chitosan maleate, chitosan glycolate, chitosan sorbate, chitosan formate, chitosan salicylate, chitosan propionate, chitosan lactate, chitosan itako Nate, chitosan niacate, chitosan gallate, chitosan glutamate, carboxymethyl chitosan, alkyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, starch, collagen, alginate, hyaluronic acid, heparin, etc. It is not limited to only. Of these, chitosan and derivatives thereof are preferred, and chitosan is more preferred from the viewpoint of preventing drying of the molding material for organ model of the present invention.

  Examples of chitosan include those obtained by deacetylating chitin derived from crustaceans such as shrimp, crab, and squid. Chitosan is readily available on the market. Chitosan can usually be used in the form of a powder. The molecular weight of chitosan is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably 10,000 to 200,000, more preferably 10,000 to 40,000.

  Since the amount of polysaccharide varies depending on the type and the like, it cannot be determined unconditionally. However, it is usually preferably 0 per 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol from the viewpoint of preventing drying of the molding material for organ model of the present invention. .3 parts by weight or more, more preferably 0.5 parts by weight or more, further preferably 1 part by weight or more, and preferably 300 parts by weight from the viewpoint of allowing the organ model molding material of the present invention to have appropriate elasticity. Parts or less, more preferably 250 parts by weight or less, still more preferably 200 parts by weight or less.

  The polysaccharide is usually preferably used as an aqueous solution from the viewpoint of enhancing dispersibility. The aqueous polysaccharide solution can be obtained, for example, by dissolving it in an aqueous solution of an acid such as acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, or lactic acid so that the concentration is about 0.5 to 10% by weight. In addition, you may adjust this aqueous solution to neutrality-basicity with basic substances, such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, as needed.

  The polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is added with an appropriate amount of additives such as colorants such as pigments and dyes, fragrances, antioxidants, antifungal agents, and antibacterial agents, as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired. May be. These additives can usually be added to an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol. When the organ model of the present invention is used as an organ model for a procedure practice in an operation such as incision or cutting suture of a human body, for example, in order to approximate the organ, the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is a colorant having a desired color. It is preferable that it is colored.

  Next, the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is cooled to a temperature of −10 ° C. or lower, and the formed aqueous gel is thawed to obtain an organ model molding material.

  When producing an organ model comprising the molding material for organ model of the present invention, for example, the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is injected into a mold having an inner surface shape corresponding to the form of the organ, and the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution in the mold is used. By cooling to a temperature of −10 ° C. or lower and thawing the formed aqueous gel, an organ model molding material can be produced.

  Moreover, when manufacturing the molding material for organ models of this invention in a sheet form, for example, after pouring polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution into a container etc. so that it may become a predetermined depth, and making it into a sheet form, it is -10 degrees C or less temperature. Cooling. The container may be a resin container, a metal container, or the like. The bottom surface of the container may be flat or may have an inner surface shape corresponding to the shape of a desired organ model. When a flat sheet is formed, the bottom surface of the container is preferably flat.

  The organ model molding material of the present invention may be a laminate of a sheet-shaped organ model molding material and a resin sheet from the viewpoint of increasing mechanical strength or approximating the surface state of a living organ. Good. The laminate of the sheet-shaped molding material for organ model and the resin sheet is obtained by, for example, placing the resin sheet on the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution or placing the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution on the resin sheet, and the obtained polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and the resin sheet. Can be easily manufactured by cooling the sheet on which is laminated to a temperature of −10 ° C. or lower.

  When a resin sheet is placed on a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and the laminated sheet obtained by laminating the obtained polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and the resin sheet is cooled to a temperature of −10 ° C. or lower, for example, the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is a temperature of −10 ° C. or lower. Before cooling, the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution is placed in a container having a flat bottom so as to have a desired depth, and a resin sheet is placed on the top. In addition, when a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is placed on a resin sheet and the sheet obtained by laminating the obtained polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and the resin sheet is cooled to a temperature of −10 ° C. or lower, for example, the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is −10 ° C. or lower. Before cooling to temperature, the resin sheet may be placed in a container having a flat bottom surface, and an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution may be placed on the top surface so as to have a desired depth.

  As the resin sheet, it is preferable to use a resin sheet that is excellent in adhesion to the aqueous gel to be formed. Suitable resin sheets include, for example, polyvinyl alcohol films, vinyl chloride resin sheets, polyvinylidene chloride films, resin sheets made of polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyamide films such as polyester films, polyurethane films, and nylon films. Although mentioned, this invention is not limited only to this illustration. Among these resin sheets, the polyvinyl alcohol film is preferable because it has excellent adhesion to the aqueous gel to be formed. Examples of polyvinyl alcohol films that can be easily obtained commercially include biaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol films such as those manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. and trade names: Bobron (registered trademark).

  The resin sheet may be a net-like resin sheet provided with a large number of holes. Examples of the net-shaped resin sheet include a net-shaped resin sheet made of a resin such as polyester, polyurethane, and nylon. However, the present invention is not limited to such examples. The mesh opening of the net-like resin sheet is not particularly limited, but is usually about 0.1 to 3 mm.

  The thickness of the resin sheet varies depending on the type of resin constituting the resin sheet and cannot be determined unconditionally, but is usually about 0.03 to 2 mm.

  The temperature when cooling the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution is −10 ° C. or lower, more preferably −15 ° C. or lower, more preferably −20 ° C. or lower, from the viewpoint of increasing the mechanical strength of the organ model molding material of the present invention. From the viewpoint of increasing the production efficiency of the molding material for organ model of the present invention, it is preferably −35 ° C. or higher, more preferably −30 ° C. or higher.

  The time for cooling the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution at the above temperature is preferably about 1 to 10 hours, more preferably 3 to 8 from the viewpoint of enhancing the mechanical strength of the molding material for organ model of the present invention and enhancing its production efficiency. It is about time.

  The aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution is frozen by cooling the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution at a desired temperature for a desired time. At that time, the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution is gelled, so that an aqueous gel containing silica particles is formed.

  Next, the aqueous gel containing silica particles thus obtained is thawed. For example, the aqueous gel may be naturally thawed by being left at room temperature, or may be thawed by heating. However, natural thawing is preferable from the viewpoint of enhancing energy efficiency. The temperature at which the aqueous gel is thawed is not particularly limited, and may usually be about room temperature to 40 ° C.

  The thawed aqueous gel can be heated if necessary. By heating the aqueous gel, the aqueous gel structure constituting the aqueous gel can be made uniform. The aqueous gel can be heated, for example, in a drying chamber. The temperature of the aqueous gel is preferably 35 ° C. or more, more preferably 40 ° C. or more from the viewpoint of homogenizing the aqueous gel structure, and preferably 80 ° C. or less, more preferably from the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in gel elasticity. Is 75 ° C. or lower, more preferably 70 ° C. or lower. The time for adjusting the temperature of the aqueous gel to the above temperature varies depending on the temperature and thus cannot be determined unconditionally, but is usually about 0.5 to 3 hours from the viewpoint of homogenizing the aqueous gel structure. It is preferable. After adjusting the temperature of the aqueous gel, the aqueous gel may be allowed to cool to room temperature.

  By the above operation, the organ model molding material of the present invention containing an aqueous gel and silica particles is obtained. The organ model molding material of the present invention can be used as it is as the organ model molding material, but may be cut into a predetermined size as necessary. In the present invention, the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution is injected into a mold having an inner shape corresponding to the form of the organ, and the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution in the mold is cooled to a temperature of −10 ° C. or lower to form an aqueous solution. By defrosting the gel, the organ model may be manufactured simultaneously with the production of the organ model molding material.

  By the way, in the conventional method for producing a gel using two kinds of polyvinyl alcohol and using dimethyl sulfoxide and water as solvents, it is necessary to repeat the operation of cold thawing of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution a plurality of times.

  In contrast, in the present invention, since silica particles and polyvinyl alcohol are used in combination as raw materials, the cooling of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution can be performed without repeating the cold thawing operation of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution a plurality of times as in the prior art. An aqueous gel having good mechanical strength can be efficiently obtained by performing thawing once. The cold thawing operation may be repeated a plurality of times as necessary.

  When the organ model molding material of the present invention is formed into a sheet shape, the thickness of the sheet is determined depending on the type of the organ model or the type of blade used when cutting the sheet made of the organ model molding material of the present invention. However, it is usually 0.5 mm or more, more preferably 1 mm or more from the viewpoint of improving the operability of the sharpness inspection of the blade. From the viewpoint, it is preferably 30 mm or less, more preferably 25 mm or less.

  Examples of blades include surgical scalpels used in surgical procedures such as incisions and sutures of the human body, surgical procedures such as endoscopes, surgical knifes, surgical scissors such as laser scalpels, etc. However, the present invention is not limited to such examples.

  The organ model of the present invention may be made of the organ model molding material or may have a surface layer made of the organ model molding material. The surface layer may be composed only of the organ model molding material, or may be a material obtained by adding an additive to the organ model molding material, or the organ model molding material. And a laminated sheet of resin sheet or nonwoven fabric.

  The organ model of the present invention preferably has a surface layer made of the molding material for organ model and is hollow from the viewpoint of reducing the weight and approximating an actual organ.

  An organ model having a surface layer made of the organ model molding material and having a hollow inside, for example, has a surface layer made of the organ model molding material formed on the surface of a balloon having a hollow inside. In addition, it can be manufactured by curving a sheet-shaped molding material for an organ model into a cylindrical shape and bonding the end portions of the sheet.

  The balloon forms a prototype of an organ model. Since the size and shape of the balloon vary depending on the type of organ, it cannot be determined unconditionally. Therefore, it is preferable to appropriately determine the size according to the type of the organ.

  The balloon is preferably a hollow balloon that can be easily deformed from the viewpoint of manufacturing an organ model having a target organ shape. Examples of the balloon include a resin balloon that can be easily deformed, a rubber balloon represented by natural rubber, silicone rubber, and the like. Among these, for example, rubber balloons typified by rubber balloons made of natural rubber, silicone rubber, and the like can be suitably used because they have elasticity. The thickness of the balloon is not particularly limited as long as it can be formed into a desired organ shape and can be easily deformed.

  The size of the balloon is such that the surface layer made of the organ model molding material is formed on the outer periphery thereof. It is preferable to adjust the size of the target organ model so that when the surface layer made of the organ model molding material is formed, the size of the target organ model is reduced.

  The organ model having a surface layer made of the molding material for organ model and having a hollow inside, for example, wraps a balloon having a hollow inside with the molding material for organ model, and if necessary, the surplus organ model Removing the molding material, bonding the ends of the molding material to each other, curving the sheet-shaped organ model molding material into a cylinder, and if necessary, removing the excess organ model molding material, It can manufacture by the method etc. which adhere | attach an edge part.

  The thickness of the sheet-shaped organ model molding material is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 to 20 mm, preferably about 1 to 10 mm. The thickness of the sheet-shaped molding material for organ model can be easily adjusted by, for example, rolling using a roller or the like. By this rolling operation, excess water contained in the organ model molding material can be easily removed.

  Since the size and shape of the molding material for the organ model vary depending on the type of the organ model and the like, it cannot be determined in general and is not particularly limited. For example, when a balloon is used, the balloon is usually wrapped. Any size and shape may be used, and when an intestinal tract such as the large intestine or the small intestine is manufactured, the size and shape may be any suitable for the intestinal tract. For example, when an organ model having a shape and a size corresponding to an organ is manufactured using the organ model molding material, the organ model molding material itself has the shape and size of the organ model.

  When the balloon is used, the balloon may be wrapped with a molding material for organ model and the ends may be bonded to each other. Examples of the method of bonding the end portions include a method of bonding by thermal fusion, a method of bonding by an adhesive, and the like, but the present invention is not limited only to such illustration. Among these, an adhesive is not required, and production efficiency is increased. Therefore, a method of bonding by heat fusion is preferable.

  If the balloon contained in the organ model is removed from the organ model before adhering the ends of the organ model molding material, it is formed only of the surface layer made of the organ model molding material. It is possible to manufacture an organ model in which is hollow. Further, in the case where the balloon contained therein is not removed from the organ model, an organ model in which a surface layer made of a molding material for organ model is formed on the surface of the balloon that is hollow inside can be manufactured. . In this case, from the viewpoint of maintaining the shape of the surface layer made of the organ model molding material, it is preferable that a resin sheet, a resin net, a nonwoven fabric, or the like is provided on the lower surface of the surface layer.

  An organ model in which a resin sheet, a resin net, a nonwoven fabric, or the like is provided on the lower surface of the surface layer is filled with a liquid or gel that will be described later when the internal cavity is filled with the liquid or gel described later. Can be prevented from coming into direct contact with the organ model molding material forming the surface layer.

  An organ model with a water-impermeable resin sheet on the lower surface of the surface layer is a resin sheet when the incision wound is too deep and is not appropriate during surgical practice such as incision of the human body or cutting suture. Since the liquid or gel filled in the cell is leaked from the wound mouth, it is suitable for use as an organ model for procedural exercises that can easily confirm whether appropriate procedural exercises are being performed. can do.

  In addition, the organ model that is provided with a resin net or non-woven fabric on the lower surface of the surface layer is not appropriate when the wound due to incision is too deep when practicing surgery in surgery such as incision and cutting suture of the human body, Resin nets and non-woven fabrics are torn and can be suitably used as an organ model for practicing techniques that can easily confirm whether or not proper practicing is practiced by the feel when the net is cut. .

  In an organ model having a cavity inside, the inside may remain a cavity depending on the type of organ, but if necessary, a liquid or gel can be filled therein.

  For example, when a liquid having a color similar to that of blood is filled in the cavity inside the organ model, an organ model in which the blood-like liquid is filled in the organ model can be manufactured. This organ model is suitable for practicing surgical procedures such as incision and cutting sutures in the human body, etc., because the liquid filled inside leaks from the wound mouth when the wound due to incision is too deep and inappropriate. Therefore, it can be suitably used as an organ model for a technique practice that can easily confirm whether or not an appropriate technique practice is being performed.

  In addition, when a gel is filled in the cavity of an organ model, the organ model has the same color or hardness as that of the organ tissue constituting the organ. An organ model filled with a gel can be produced. This organ model is practiced because the gel filled inside leaks out from the wound mouth when the wound by the incision is too deep when practicing in surgery such as incision and cutting suture of the human body etc. Therefore, it can be suitably used as an organ model for practicing that can easily confirm whether or not proper practicing is being performed.

  There is no particular limitation on the gel filled in the organ model, and a gel having a wide range of gel strengths ranging from fluidity to high agar-like gel strength can be selected depending on the type of living organ. The internal cavity can be filled. Examples of the gel include a gel obtained by cold-thawing a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, a gel obtained by absorbing water in a water-absorbent resin, agar, jelly, and the like, but the present invention is limited only to such illustrations. It is not a thing. In addition, it is preferable to use the gel which has the property approximated to the structure | tissue in the organ according to the kind of the organ. Further, for example, additives such as colorants such as pigments and dyes, fragrances, antioxidants, antifungal agents, and antibacterial agents may be added to the gel in an appropriate amount.

  An organ model in which a surface layer made of a molding material for an organ model is formed on the surface of a balloon whose inside is a cavity is filled with liquid or gel when the cavity inside is filled with liquid or gel. Or it can prevent that a gel and the molding material for organ models which forms the surface layer contact directly. In this organ model, when practicing surgical procedures such as incision and cutting sutures of the human body, when the wound due to incision is too deep and inappropriate, the balloon is torn and the liquid or gel filled in the wound is damaged. Since it leaks from the mouth, it can be suitably used as an organ model for procedure practice that can easily confirm whether or not appropriate procedure practice is being performed.

  In the organ model of the present invention, another balloon having a hollow inside is inserted into a balloon having a hollow inside, and a liquid or gel is filled in a gap between the outer balloon and the inner balloon. A surface layer made of a molding material for an organ model may be formed on the outer surface. Since this organ model can make the inside of the inner balloon hollow, the weight can be reduced and the cost can be reduced. In this organ model, the outer balloon, the inner balloon, and the liquid or gel to be filled may be the same as described above.

  An organ model in which a liquid or gel is filled in a gap between an outer balloon and an inner balloon, for example, inserts another balloon having a hollow inside into a balloon having a hollow inside, and liquid is inserted into the gap between the two. Or after filling the gel with a predetermined amount, inflating the inner balloon by filling the inner balloon with gas or liquid, sealing by means such as binding the outer balloon and the inner balloon opening, then, It can be manufactured by forming a surface layer on the outer surface of the outer balloon in the same manner as described above. This surface layer can be produced in the same manner as described above by wrapping this balloon with an organ model molding material, removing excess organ model molding material if necessary, and bonding the ends thereof. .

  In addition, the organ model of the present invention is preferably one in which a surface layer is formed on a substrate having a shape corresponding to an internal organ from the viewpoint of further approximating an actual organ.

  The substrate having a shape corresponding to the internal organ is measured based on the data obtained by measuring the shape and size of the affected organ by, for example, computed tomography (CT) such as positron tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. The substrate can be manufactured by a method of manufacturing a substrate having the same size and shape as that of the affected organ by performing a three-dimensional process with a computer and processing the base material based on the data. Examples of the base material include an epoxy resin having a property of being cured by irradiation with radiation or heat rays, and a polystyrene foam resin that can be easily cut, but the present invention is not limited to such examples.

  The formed substrate has the same shape as the organ. The size of the substrate can be set to be the same size as that of the actual organ when a surface layer made of a molding material for organ model having the same thickness as the surface layer of the organ is formed on the substrate. From the viewpoint of approximating a real organ.

  An organ model in which a surface layer is formed on a substrate having a shape corresponding to an organ is a method similar to a method for producing an organ model obtained by forming a surface layer made of an organ model molding material on the surface of the balloon. Thus, for example, the substrate can be produced by wrapping the substrate with an organ model molding material, removing the excess organ model molding material as necessary, and bonding the ends thereof.

  An organ model in which a surface layer is formed on a substrate having a shape corresponding to an organ has a surface layer close to the organ without taking the affected organ out of the body, and is the same size as the organ. And an organ model having a shape can be grasped with the naked eye. Therefore, this organ model is not only useful as an organ model for an operation plan before performing a surgical operation, but also as an organ model for explaining to a patient or their family in advance about an operation. Useful.

  In addition, the surface of the organ model, the inside and the inner surface of the organ model, if necessary, by using the organ model molding material, a tube or surface thin film that looks like a sputum, a sputum, a blood vessel, etc. May be formed.

  The organ model of the present invention can be produced by using the organ model molding material of the present invention obtained as described above.

  Since the surface layer of the organ model of the present invention is formed of a molding material for an organ model, it has elasticity similar to that of a living organ, and when the incision is made, the incised portion expands like a living organ and becomes wet. In addition to being close to living organs, the surface has a non-sticky surface and a low moisture content, and has excellent properties that it does not swell much even when replenished with moisture when dried. Accordingly, the organ model of the present invention can be suitably used as an organ model for surgical practice, an organ model for confirming the sharpness of a surgical excision tool, and the like.

  Examples of the organ model include the brain, heart, esophagus, stomach, bladder, small intestine, large intestine, liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen, and uterus. However, the present invention is limited to such examples. It is not a thing.

  In addition, the organ model of the present invention has an incision feeling and a touch similar to those of living tissue such as human skin. For example, an operation for inspecting the sharpness before shipping the manufactured surgical resection tool. It can also be used as an organ model for inspecting the sharpness of the surgical excision tool, an organ model for confirming the sharpness of the surgical excision tool before surgery, and the like.

  Next, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to such examples.

Production Example 1 (Production of viscous gel)
10% polyvinyl alcohol at 25 ° C. [degree of saponification: 98 to 99 mol%, average degree of polymerization: 1700, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., trade name: Kuraray Poval PVA-117] 300 mL of an aqueous solution was placed in a 1 L beaker. Thereafter, 300 mL of a saturated borax aqueous solution at 25 ° C. was added to the beaker and stirred, and the resulting fluid gel was obtained.

  About 600 mL of the mixture containing the resulting fluid gel was added to a 2 L beaker in which 600 mL of a saturated boric acid aqueous solution at 25 ° C. had been added in advance, and sufficiently stirred to obtain a viscous gel. An acrylic water-soluble paint (trade name: Delta Serum Coat, manufactured by Delta Co., Ltd.) was added as a colorant to the resulting viscous gel and colored to a color similar to blood to obtain a colored viscous gel.

Example 1
A polyvinyl alcohol having a viscosity average polymerization degree of 1700 and a saponification degree of about 98 to 99 mol% (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., trade name: Kuraray Poval PVA-117) is prepared so that the concentration becomes 10% by weight. did. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes while heating to 80 ° C., and then allowed to cool to room temperature. 500 mL of the obtained aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution was placed in a 1 L beaker.

  Next, 15 mL of colloidal silica (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., trade name: Snowtex XP, silica particle size: about 5 nm, silica content: 5 wt%) was added to the beaker. The contents were stirred so as to have a uniform composition.

  A chestnut-colored and translucent acrylic poster color (trade name: Delta Serum Coat, manufactured by Delta) similar to the color of a human stomach was added and stirred to obtain a uniform composition.

  The obtained aqueous solution of colored polyvinyl alcohol (liquid temperature: 20 ° C.) is placed in a polypropylene rectangular parallelepiped resin container having a vertical length of 25 cm, a horizontal length of 20 cm, and a height of 7 cm. Pour so that the depth is about 2 mm, and a biaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol film (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name: Boblon (registered trademark), thickness: about 14 μm) does not enter the upper surface. I piled up like this.

  Next, the resin container was placed in a freezer (room temperature: −20 ° C.), cooled for 5 hours, then taken out of the freezer and allowed to stand at room temperature until it reached room temperature.

  Next, the obtained sheet was taken out from this resin container, put in a drier, heated to 60 ° C., held at the same temperature for 10 minutes, then taken out from the drier and allowed to cool. The obtained sheet was cut into a size of B5 to produce an organ model molding material.

  Next, a rubber balloon made of natural rubber (capacity: about 0.8 L) which was inflated to be slightly smaller than the size of the human stomach by blowing in air was prepared, and the opening was closed. After placing the rubber balloon on the organ model molding material obtained above with the closing mouth facing upward, pinch the four corners of the organ model molding material with your fingers, wrap the rubber balloon, The four corners were gathered, tied with a string, and the surplus portion of the organ model molding material was cut with scissors to produce an original model of an organ model having a shape resembling a pear-like stomach bag shape.

  The parts of the organ model in which the four corners were tied were fused with a soldering iron (100 V, 30 W) and formed into a sealed bag shape. Thereafter, a pear-like organ model that more closely resembles a stomach bag shape was produced by superimposing an organ model molding material manufactured in the same manner as described above on the original shape of the formed organ model.

Example 2
In Example 1, polyvinyl alcohol having an average degree of polymerization of 1000 and a degree of saponification of about 98 to 99 mol% [manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., trade name: Kuraray Poval PVA-110] was used as the polyvinyl alcohol. Except for this, an organ model was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Example 3
In Example 1, polyvinyl alcohol having an average degree of polymerization of 2000 and a degree of saponification of about 98 to 99 mol% [manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., trade name: Kuraray Poval PVA-120] was used as the polyvinyl alcohol. Except for this, an organ model was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Example 4
In Example 1, an organ model was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of colloidal silica was changed to 1 mL.

Example 5
In Example 1, an organ model was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of colloidal silica was changed to 80 mL.

Example 6
In Example 1, after pouring a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution (liquid temperature: 20 ° C.) into a resin container, a biaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol film [manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name: Bobron (registered trademark) ), Thickness: about 14 μm], an organ model was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above was not repeated.

Example 7
In Example 1, instead of a biaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol film [manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name: Bobron (registered trademark), thickness: about 14 μm], a polyester net (basis weight: 50 mg / cm ²⁾ An organ model was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that.

Example 8
In the same manner as in Example 1, an organ model having a shape approximated to a pear-shaped stomach bag shape was prepared. Next, after inserting a needle into the surface of the organ model, rupturing and deflating the built-in rubber balloon, unwind the tied part of the organ model and take out the rubber balloon to include the rubber balloon. Got no organ model.

Example 9
In Example 8, instead of a biaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol film (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name: Bobron (registered trademark), thickness: about 14 μm), a polyester net (basis weight: 50 mg / cm ²⁾ ) Was used in the same manner as in Example 8 except that an organ model was prepared.

Example 10
In Example 1, an organ similar to Example 1 was used except that a rubber balloon filled with 150 mL of water instead of blowing air into the rubber balloon and inflated slightly smaller than the size of the human stomach was used. A model was created. This organ model approximated the shape of a stomach bag.

Example 11
In Example 10, instead of a biaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol film (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name: Bobron (registered trademark), thickness: about 14 μm), a polyester net (basis weight: 5 g / cm ²⁾ ) Was used in the same manner as in Example 10 except that an organ model was prepared.

Example 12
In Example 1, instead of blowing air into the rubber balloon, a rubber balloon filled with 150 mL of the viscous gel obtained in Production Example 1 and expanded slightly smaller than the size of the human stomach was used. An organ model was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. This organ model approximated the shape of a stomach bag.

Example 13
In Example 12, instead of a biaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol film [manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name: Bobron (registered trademark), thickness: about 14 μm], a polyester net (basis weight: 50 mg / cm ²⁾ ) Was used in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the organ model was prepared.

Example 14
In Example 1, a rubber balloon made of another natural rubber similar to the rubber balloon was inserted into the rubber balloon made of natural rubber so that the rubber balloons were overlapped. The gap between the outer rubber balloon and the inner rubber balloon is filled with 150 mL of the viscous gel obtained in Production Example 1, and air is blown into the inner rubber balloon so that the outer rubber balloon and the inner rubber balloon are blown. After the balloon was inflated, an organ model was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a rubber balloon in which the openings of these rubber balloons were sealed was used. This organ model approximated the shape of a stomach bag.

Example 15
In Example 14, instead of a biaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol film [manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name: Bobron (registered trademark), thickness: about 14 μm], a polyester net (basis weight: 50 mg / cm ²⁾ ) Was used in the same manner as in Example 14 except that an organ model was prepared.

Example 16
A polyvinyl alcohol having a viscosity average polymerization degree of 1700 and a saponification degree of about 98 to 99 mol% (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., trade name: Kuraray Poval PVA-117) is prepared so that the concentration becomes 10% by weight. did. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes while heating to 80 ° C., and then allowed to cool to room temperature. 500 mL of the obtained aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution was placed in a 1 L beaker.

  Next, 15 mL of colloidal silica (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., trade name: Snowtex XP, silica particle size: about 5 nm, silica content: 5 wt%) was added to the beaker. The contents were stirred so as to have a uniform composition.

  A chestnut-colored and translucent acrylic poster color (trade name: Delta Serum Coat, manufactured by Delta) similar to the color of a human stomach was added and stirred to obtain a uniform composition.

The obtained aqueous solution of colored polyvinyl alcohol (liquid temperature: 20 ° C.) is placed in a polypropylene rectangular parallelepiped resin container having a vertical length of 25 cm, a horizontal length of 20 cm, and a height of 7 cm. Pour so that the depth is about 2 mm, and overlay a polyester net (basis weight: 50 mg / cm ² ) on the upper surface so that no air bubbles enter, and it is located at the approximate center in the depth direction of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution. So that the polyester net was sunk.

  Next, the resin container was placed in a freezer (room temperature: −20 ° C.), cooled for 5 hours, then taken out of the freezer and allowed to stand at room temperature until it reached room temperature.

  Next, the obtained sheet is taken out from the resin container, put in a drier, heated to 60 ° C. and held at the same temperature for 10 minutes, then taken out from the drier, allowed to cool, and a polyvinyl alcohol sheet is obtained. Produced.

On the other hand, a polyester net (basis weight: 50 mg / cm ² ) was placed on a flat base, and a laundry paste mainly composed of commercially available polyvinyl alcohol was applied to the polyester net. The polyvinyl alcohol sheets were stacked and integrated, and lightly rolled from the upper surface with a cylindrical roller. The obtained sheet is inverted, and a laminating sheet is produced by drying the washing paste by blowing warm air with a hair dryer (manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., trade name: Wind Press EH5401). The sheet | seat was cut | judged to the magnitude | size of B5, and the molding material for organ models was obtained.

  Next, a rubber balloon made of natural rubber (capacity: about 0.8 L) which was inflated to be slightly smaller than the size of the human stomach by blowing in air was prepared, and the opening was closed.

After placing on a table with the polyester net of the molding material for organ model obtained above facing upward, place the rubber balloon with the mouth closed upward, and for the organ model Pinch the corners of the molding material with your fingers, wrap the rubber balloon, wrap the corners, tie them together with a string, cut the surplus portion of the molding material for the organ model with scissors, and have a shape that approximates the shape of a pear-shaped stomach The original model was made.

  The parts of the organ model in which the four corners were tied were fused with a soldering iron (100 V, 30 W) and formed into a sealed bag shape. Thereafter, a pear-like organ model that more closely resembles a stomach bag shape was produced by superimposing an organ model molding material manufactured in the same manner as described above on the original shape of the formed organ model.

Example 17
In the same manner as in Example 16, an organ model having a shape approximated to a pear-like stomach bag shape was produced. Next, after inserting a needle into the surface of the organ model, rupturing and deflating the built-in rubber balloon, unwind the tied part of the organ model and take out the rubber balloon to include the rubber balloon. Got no organ model.

Example 18
In Example 16, instead of blowing air into the rubber balloon, 150 mL of water was filled, and a rubber balloon inflated slightly smaller than the size of the human stomach was used in the same manner as in Example 16, except that A model was created. This organ model approximated the shape of a stomach bag.

Example 19
In Example 16, instead of blowing air into the rubber balloon, a rubber balloon filled with 150 mL of the viscous gel obtained in Production Example 1 and expanded slightly smaller than the size of the human stomach was used. An organ model was prepared in the same manner as in Example 16. This organ model approximated the shape of a stomach bag.

Example 20
In Example 16, a rubber balloon made of another natural rubber similar to the rubber balloon was inserted into the rubber balloon made of natural rubber, so that the rubber balloons were overlapped. The gap between the outer rubber balloon and the inner rubber balloon is filled with 150 mL of the viscous gel obtained in Production Example 1, and air is blown into the inner rubber balloon so that the outer rubber balloon and the inner rubber balloon are blown. After the balloon was inflated, an organ model was prepared in the same manner as in Example 16 except that a rubber balloon in which the openings of these rubber balloons were sealed was used. This organ model approximated the shape of a stomach bag.

Example 21
A polyvinyl alcohol having a viscosity average polymerization degree of 1700 and a saponification degree of about 98 to 99 mol% (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., trade name: Kuraray Poval PVA-117) is prepared so that the concentration becomes 10% by weight. did. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes while heating to 80 ° C., and then allowed to cool to room temperature. 500 mL of the obtained aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution was placed in a 1 L beaker.

  Next, 15 mL of colloidal silica (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., trade name: Snowtex XP, silica particle size: about 5 nm, silica content: 5 wt%) was added to the beaker. The contents were stirred so as to have a uniform composition.

  A chestnut-colored and translucent acrylic poster color (trade name: Delta Serum Coat, manufactured by Delta) similar to the color of a human stomach was added and stirred to obtain a uniform composition.

The obtained aqueous solution of colored polyvinyl alcohol (liquid temperature: 20 ° C.) is placed in a polypropylene rectangular parallelepiped resin container having a vertical length of 25 cm, a horizontal length of 20 cm, and a height of 7 cm. Pour so that the depth is about 2 mm, and place a nylon meltblown nonwoven fabric (basis weight: 100 g / m ² ) on the upper surface so that no air bubbles enter, and it is located at the approximate center in the depth direction of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution. Sunk the nonwoven fabric.

  Next, the resin container was placed in a freezer (room temperature: −20 ° C.), cooled for 5 hours, then taken out of the freezer and allowed to stand at room temperature until it reached room temperature.

  Next, the obtained sheet is taken out from the resin container, put in a drier, heated to 60 ° C. and held at the same temperature for 10 minutes, then taken out from the drier, allowed to cool, and a polyvinyl alcohol sheet is obtained. Produced.

On the other hand, a nylon meltblown nonwoven fabric (basis weight: 100 g / m ² ) is placed on a flat table, and a laundry paste mainly composed of commercially available polyvinyl alcohol is applied to the nonwoven fabric. The alcohol sheets were stacked and integrated, and lightly rolled from the upper surface with a cylindrical roller. The obtained composite sheet was reversed, and the laundry paste was dried by blowing warm air with a hair dryer (trade name: Wind Press EH5401 manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.) to prepare a laminated sheet. The laminated sheet was cut into a size of B5 to obtain an organ model molding material.

  Next, a rubber balloon made of natural rubber (capacity: about 0.8 L) which was inflated to be slightly smaller than the size of the human stomach by blowing in air was prepared, and the opening was closed.

After placing the molding material for organ model obtained above on the table, place the rubber balloon with the closing mouth facing upward, pinch the four corners of the molding material for organ model with your fingers, and lift the rubber balloon. The four corners were wrapped, tied with a string, and the surplus portion of the organ model molding material was cut with scissors to produce an original organ model having a shape resembling a pear-like stomach bag shape.

  The parts of the organ model in which the four corners were tied were fused with a soldering iron (100 V, 30 W) and formed into a sealed bag shape. Thereafter, a pear-like organ model that more closely resembles a stomach bag shape was produced by superimposing an organ model molding material manufactured in the same manner as described above on the original shape of the formed organ model.

Example 22
In the same manner as in Example 21, an organ model having a shape approximated to a pear-shaped stomach bag shape was produced. Next, after inserting a needle into the surface of the organ model, rupturing and deflating the built-in rubber balloon, unwind the tied part of the organ model and take out the rubber balloon to include the rubber balloon. Got no organ model.

Example 23
In Example 21, an organ was prepared in the same manner as in Example 21 except that a rubber balloon filled with 150 mL of water instead of blowing air into the rubber balloon and inflated slightly smaller than the size of the human stomach was used. A model was created. This organ model approximated the shape of a stomach bag.

Example 24
In Example 21, instead of blowing air into the rubber balloon, a rubber balloon filled with 150 mL of the viscous gel obtained in Production Example 1 and expanded slightly smaller than the size of the human stomach was used. An organ model was prepared in the same manner as in Example 21. This organ model approximated the shape of a stomach bag.

Example 25
In Example 21, a rubber balloon made of another natural rubber similar to the rubber balloon was inserted into the rubber balloon made of natural rubber, so that the rubber balloons were overlapped. The gap between the outer rubber balloon and the inner rubber balloon is filled with 150 mL of the viscous gel obtained in Production Example 1, and air is blown into the inner rubber balloon so that the outer rubber balloon and the inner rubber balloon are blown. After the balloon was inflated, an organ model was prepared in the same manner as in Example 21 except that a rubber balloon in which the openings of these rubber balloons were sealed was used. This organ model approximated the shape of a stomach bag.

Comparative Example 1
In Example 1, an organ model was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that colloidal silica was not used.

Comparative Example 2
80 g of polyvinyl alcohol powder (average polymerization degree: 1700, saponification degree: 99.0 mol%) and 20 g of polyvinyl alcohol powder (average polymerization degree: 1800, saponification degree: 86 to 90 mol%) are mixed, An alcohol mixture was obtained. The obtained polyvinyl alcohol mixture was dissolved in a mixed solvent of dimethyl sulfoxide and water [dimethyl sulfoxide / water (weight ratio): 80/20] while heating at 120 ° C. to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution having a water content of 80% by weight. Prepared.

  The obtained polyvinyl alcohol solution was poured into a polypropylene resin container having a capacity of 200 mL, and then the resin container was cooled to room temperature.

  By immersing the contents of this resin container in 200 mL of ethanol at room temperature for 2 hours to replace dimethyl sulfoxide with ethanol, the contents in the resin container are immersed in water, and then the contents are resinized. Removed from container.

  When the contents were observed, they were not sufficiently gelled, had almost no elasticity, had fluidity, and had a sticky surface, so it was impossible to produce an organ model using the contents. It was.

  Therefore, a polyvinyl alcohol having an average degree of polymerization of 1700 and a saponification degree of 99.0 mol% and a polyvinyl alcohol having an average degree of polymerization of 1800 and a saponification degree of 86 to 90 mol% are It is understood that an elastic gel cannot be obtained even when the mixture is mixed at a weight ratio of 20, dissolved in a mixed solvent of water and dimethyl sulfoxide, and the obtained polyvinyl alcohol is cooled to room temperature.

Comparative Example 3
In Comparative Example 1, after pouring the polyvinyl alcohol solution into a polypropylene resin container having a capacity of 200 mL, the temperature for cooling the resin container was changed from room temperature to −20 ° C., frozen at this temperature for 24 hours, and then A gel was prepared and an organ model was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the solution was returned to room temperature and thawed. At that time, a gel was obtained unlike the comparative example 1, but it was confirmed that the obtained gel had low elasticity and its surface was sticky.

Comparative Example 4
A commercially available silicone rubber sheet having a thickness of 4 mm was cut into a size of B5 to prepare an organ model molding material.

  As a conventional organ model, an organ model was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the organ model molding material obtained above instead of the organ model molding material used in Example 1.

Experimental example 1
The physical properties of the organ models obtained in each Example and each Comparative Example are as follows. Appearance, wettability (hydrophilicity), cutting comfort, incision, stickiness, elasticity, moisture content, and water absorption after drying are as follows. It investigated according to. The results are shown in Table 1.

(1) Appearance Ten students and instructors majoring in surgery at the Graduate School of Medicine observed the appearance of the organ model and evaluated it based on the following evaluation criteria. In addition, it becomes a pass criterion that there is no one who has evaluated D.
〔Evaluation criteria〕
A: Indistinguishable from living organs.
B: Very close to a living organ.
C: Approximate to a living organ.
D: Not approximate to a living organ.

(2) Water wettability A resin flat plate constituting the surface layer of each organ model is prepared, and contact angle meter [manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd., product number: CA-X] is used to evaluate the water touch. The contact angle with water was measured when 5 seconds had passed after water was brought into contact with a flat plate in the atmosphere at 25 ° C.

(3) Cutting comfort Surgical scalpel [Feather Safety Razor Co., Ltd., Stainless Steel Surgical Surgical Blade No. 10] was applied to 10 students and instructors majoring in surgery at the Graduate School of Medicine. It was used to actually cut into organ models and examined the cutting comfort, and evaluated based on the following evaluation criteria. In addition, it becomes a pass criterion that there is no one who has evaluated D.
〔Evaluation criteria〕
A: Indistinguishable from living organs.
B: Very close to a living organ.
C: Approximate to a living organ.
D: Not approximate to a living organ.

(4) Incision The surgical knife (Feather Safety Razor Co., Ltd., stainless steel surgical blade No. 10) is provided to 10 students and instructors majoring in surgery at the University's Graduate School of Medicine. It was actually used on an organ model to observe whether the wound at the incision spread as well as a living organ, and was evaluated based on the following evaluation criteria. In addition, it becomes a pass criterion that there is no one who has evaluated D.
〔Evaluation criteria〕
A: Indistinguishable from living organs.
B: Very close to a living organ.
C: Approximate to a living organ.
D: Not approximate to a living organ.

(5) Stickiness The students and faculty majoring in surgery at the university's Graduate School of Medicine touched the organ model to examine the stickiness and evaluated it based on the following evaluation criteria. In addition, it becomes a pass criterion that there is no one who has evaluated D.
〔Evaluation criteria〕
A: Indistinguishable from living organs.
B: Very close to a living organ.
C: Approximate to a living organ.
D: Not approximate to a living organ.

(6) Elasticity Ten students and instructors majoring in surgery at the University's Graduate School of Medicine touched the organ model to examine its elasticity and evaluated it based on the following evaluation criteria. In addition, it becomes a pass criterion that there is no one who has evaluated D.
〔Evaluation criteria〕
A: Indistinguishable from living organs.
B: Very close to a living organ.
C: Approximate to a living organ.
D: Not approximate to a living organ.

(7) Moisture content After measuring the mass of the organ model, it was put in a dryer at 40 ° C. and dried until the mass change almost disappeared.
[Moisture content]
= [(Mass of organ model before drying)-(Mass of organ model after drying)]]
÷ (mass of organ model before drying) x 100
Based on the above, the water content was determined.

(8) Water Absorption after Drying The organ model dried at “(7) Moisture content” was immersed in water at 25 ° C. for 10 minutes, then taken out, and compared with the organ model before drying, the following evaluation criteria Based on the evaluation.
〔Evaluation criteria〕
A: It has the same surface layer as the organ model before drying.
B: The surface layer is not swollen as compared with the organ model before drying.
C: The surface layer is slightly swollen as compared with the organ model before drying.
D: The surface layer is considerably swollen compared to the organ model before drying.

  In Comparative Example 1, since the gel could not be produced, the physical properties of the organ model could not be measured.

  From the results shown in Table 1, each of the organ models obtained in each example uses an organ model molding material containing polyvinyl alcohol and silica particles, and therefore has the same elasticity as a living organ. The incision expands like a living organ when the incision is made, the water wettability and cutting comfort approximate that of a living organ, and the surface is non-sticky and has a low moisture content. It turns out that there is an excellent effect of not swelling much.

Experimental example 2
Sheets (thickness: 2 mm) prepared separately from only the organ model molding material obtained in Example 1 and the organ model molding material obtained in Comparative Example 3 were cut into dumbbells having a width of 5 mm, respectively. Three samples were prepared, pulled at a rate of 1 mm / min with a tensile tester [manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, trade name: Autograph AGS-5kNG], and measured for strength at break (breaking strength). Three average values were obtained.

As a result, the breaking strength of the surface layer obtained in Example 1 was 0.5 N / mm ² , whereas the breaking strength of the surface layer obtained in Comparative Example 3 was 1.1 N / mm ² . . Therefore, the organ model molding material obtained in Comparative Example 3 has a very high strength and is hard, whereas the organ model molding material obtained in Example 1 has an appropriate strength. I know that there is.

Example 26
A polyvinyl alcohol having a viscosity average polymerization degree of 1700 and a saponification degree of about 98 to 99 mol% (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., trade name: Kuraray Poval PVA-117) is prepared so that the concentration becomes 10% by weight. did. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes while heating to 80 ° C., and then allowed to cool to room temperature. 500 mL of the obtained aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution was placed in a 1 L beaker.

  Next, 15 mL of colloidal silica (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., trade name: Snowtex XP, silica particle size: about 5 nm, silica content: 5 wt%) was added to the beaker. The contents were stirred so as to have a uniform composition.

  0.5 mL of a red-brown, semi-transparent acrylic poster color (trade name: Delta Serum Coat, manufactured by Delta Inc.) similar to the color of human liver was added and stirred to obtain a uniform composition.

  After creating a gypsum mold that has an inner shape corresponding to the shape of the human liver (upper and lower molds), applying a release agent to the inner surface, matching the mold, and sealing the joint surface, The colored polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution (liquid temperature: 20 ° C.) obtained above was poured into the injection hole provided on the upper surface of the mold.

  Next, the mold was placed in a freezer (room temperature: −20 ° C.), cooled for 5 hours, then removed from the freezer and allowed to stand at room temperature until it reached room temperature.

  Next, the mold was placed in a dryer, heated to 60 ° C., held at the same temperature for 10 minutes, then removed from the dryer and allowed to cool. Thereafter, the mold was opened, and the obtained organ model (length: about 15 cm, width: about 10 cm) was taken out of the mold.

  The obtained organ model is shown in FIG. FIG. 1 is a drawing-substituting photograph of the organ model obtained above. As shown in FIG. 1, it can be seen that the obtained organ model has a form that approximates the liver of the human body.

  Next, the physical properties of the organ model approximated to the shape of the liver of the human body obtained above were the same as in Example 1 in appearance, water wettability (hydrophilicity), cutting comfort, incisibility, stickiness, elasticity, When the water content and the water absorption after drying were examined, it was confirmed that it was the same as in Example 1.

  Further, when the surgeon looked at the organ model approximated to the form of the human liver obtained above, this organ model approximated the form of the human liver, and surgery such as incision and cutting sutures of the human body. I was able to get the evaluation that it was suitable for the technique practice etc.

Example 27
A polyvinyl alcohol having a viscosity average polymerization degree of 1700 and a saponification degree of about 98 to 99 mol% (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., trade name: Kuraray Poval PVA-117) is prepared so that the concentration becomes 10% by weight. did. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes while heating to 80 ° C., and then allowed to cool to room temperature. 500 mL of the obtained aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution was placed in a 1 L beaker.

  Next, 15 mL of colloidal silica (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., trade name: Snowtex XP, silica particle size: about 5 nm, silica content: 5% by weight) is added to the beaker. The contents were stirred so as to have a uniform composition.

  As a human intestinal tract, 0.5 mL of a chestnut-colored and translucent acrylic poster color (trade name: Delta Serum Coat, manufactured by Delta), which is close to the color of the small intestine, was added and stirred to obtain a uniform composition.

  The obtained colored polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution (liquid temperature: 20 ° C.) is placed in a polypropylene rectangular parallelepiped resin container having a vertical length of 25 cm, a horizontal length of 20 cm, and a height of 7 cm. Pour so that the depth is about 5 mm, and the upper surface of the biaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol film [manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name: Bobron (registered trademark), thickness: about 14 μm] does not contain bubbles I piled up like this.

  Next, the resin container was placed in a freezer (room temperature: −20 ° C.), cooled for 5 hours, then taken out of the freezer and allowed to stand at room temperature until it reached room temperature. The obtained sheet was taken out from the resin container, put in a drier, heated to 60 ° C., held at the same temperature for 10 minutes, then taken out from the drier and allowed to cool. The obtained sheet was cut into a rectangle having a length of 15 cm and a width of 6 cm to produce a molding material for an organ model.

  Next, the biaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol film of the obtained molding material for organ model is made to be the outer surface, curved in the short side direction to be cylindrical, and the ends of the long sides are integrated. For this purpose, the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution obtained above was applied to the joint portion at the end of the long side, and then cold-thawing was performed in the same manner as described above to prepare an organ model having a small intestine shape.

  The obtained organ model is shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a drawing-substituting photograph of the organ model obtained above. As shown in FIG. 2, it can be seen that the obtained organ model has a form approximating the small intestine of the human body.

  The physical properties of the obtained organ model are the same as in Example 1. Appearance, water wettability (hydrophilicity) on the inner surface, cutting comfort, incisibility, stickiness on the inner surface, elasticity, moisture content on the inner surface, and inner surface When the water absorption after drying in was examined, it was confirmed that it was the same as Example 1.

  From the above, the organ model of the present invention is, for example, an organ model for surgical practice such as a surgical practice such as an incision or cutting suture of a human body, a surgical practice such as an endoscope, and confirmation of sharpness of a surgical excision tool. It can be seen that it can be suitably used as an internal organ model.

Claims (18)

  An organ model molding material comprising an aqueous gel composed of polyvinyl alcohol having an average polymerization degree of 300 to 3500 and a saponification degree of 90 mol% or more and silica particles.   The molding material for organ models according to claim 1, wherein an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution containing polyvinyl alcohol and silica particles is cooled to a temperature of -10 ° C or lower, and then the formed aqueous gel is thawed.   The molding material for organ models according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of silica particles is 0.01 to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol.   The organ model molding material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a resin sheet is laminated on one surface thereof.   The organ model molding material according to claim 4, wherein the resin sheet is a polyvinyl alcohol sheet.   A polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution containing polyvinyl alcohol and silica particles having an average polymerization degree of 300 to 3500 and a saponification degree of 90 mol% or more is cooled to a temperature of −10 ° C. or less, and the formed aqueous gel is thawed. The manufacturing method of the molding material for organ models characterized by these.   The method for producing a molding material for an organ model according to claim 6, wherein after the formed aqueous gel is thawed, the temperature of the aqueous gel is adjusted to 35 to 80 ° C.   The method for producing a molding material for an organ model according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol concentration in the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution is 1 to 40% by weight.   The method for producing an organ model molding material according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the amount of silica particles is 0.01 to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol.   The resin sheet is placed on the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, or the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is placed on the resin sheet, and the sheet obtained by laminating the obtained polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and the resin sheet is cooled to a temperature of -10 ° C or lower. 10. A method for producing an organ model molding material according to any one of 9 above.   The method for producing an organ model molding material according to claim 10, wherein the resin sheet is a polyvinyl alcohol sheet.   The organ model which consists of the molding material for organ models in any one of Claims 1-5.   An organ model comprising a surface layer made of the organ model molding material according to claim 1.   The organ model according to claim 13, which has a surface layer and has a hollow inside.   The organ model according to claim 14, wherein a surface layer is formed on an outer surface of a balloon having a hollow inside.   The organ model according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the hollow portion inside is filled with a liquid or gel.   Another balloon with a hollow inside is inserted into a balloon with a hollow inside, and the gap between the outer balloon and the inner balloon is filled with liquid or gel, and a surface layer is formed on the outer surface of the outer balloon. The organ model according to any one of claims 14 to 16, which is formed.   The organ model according to claim 13, wherein a surface layer is formed on a substrate having a shape corresponding to the organ.