JP2010234352A - Crushing treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a highly safe and simple apparatus suitably crushing chips of metal or the like. <P>SOLUTION: In the crushing treatment apparatus, a freely rotatable screw 3 having a helical blade 32 is housed inside a trough 2 with a feed port 22 opened at the upper part of one end, and a crushing head 7 is provided on the distal end part of the screw 3. The crushing head 7 includes a head body 71 fixed on the same axis 31 as the screw 3, and a detachable crushing blade 72 projected from the outer periphery of the head body 71. A crushing drum 8 is connected to the distal end of the trough 2, and the crushing head 7 is housed in the inside of the crushing drum 8. The crushing drum 8 has a discharge port 84 for discharging treated materials to the outside at the bottom part, and the peripheral edge part of the discharge port 84 functions as a fixed blade part 84a for shearing the treated materials in cooperation with the crushing blade 72. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a crushing apparatus used for finely crushing metal chips generated during cutting.

  When metal cutting is performed using a machine tool such as a lathe, chips that are removed from the metal workpiece by the cutting tool are generated, but most of the chips are collected by specialized contractors, and ingot materials are classified by material. Etc. are reused.

  However, since most of the chips generated by metal cutting are slender and curled in a spiral shape, they are bulky and cannot be efficiently transported and collected by the vehicle, resulting in reduced recycling costs. There was an inconvenience of being high.

  Therefore, a rotatable crushing rotor having a crushing blade is provided in a cylindrical casing having an opening at the top, and the chips introduced into the casing through the charging port while rotating the crushing rotor. An apparatus that can be finely crushed has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2000-334321 A

  However, according to the crushing processing apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1, since the inlet is opened right above the crushing rotor, the chips introduced into the inlet are not cut by the centrifugal force of the crushing rotor. A force that pushes back into the slot is applied. For this reason, unless pressure is applied to the chips from above, the chips may not be smoothly introduced into the casing.

  In addition, if the crushing rotor is rotationally driven directly under the inlet, it is not safe. For example, if valuables are accidentally dropped during chip feeding operation, it will be crushed immediately without the time to stop the crushing rotor, and during the crushing processing of chips by the crushing rotor In such a case, there is a risk that the chip fragments will jump out of the inlet at high speed due to the centrifugal force of the crushing rotor.

  Furthermore, when the crushing blade is formed integrally with the crushing rotor, the entire rotor has to be replaced when the crushing blade is worn, which increases the running cost.

  The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances as described above, and an object thereof is to provide a simple and highly safe apparatus capable of suitably crushing metal chips and the like.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention
In the trough having an opening at the top of one end, a rotatable screw having a spiral blade is accommodated, and a crushing processing device provided with a crushing head at the tip of the screw,
The crushing head has a head body fixed coaxially with the screw, and a detachable crushing blade protruding from the outer periphery of the head body, and is housed in a crushing drum connected to the tip of the trough,
The crushing drum has a discharge port for discharging the processed material to the outside at the bottom, and the peripheral portion of the discharge port is a fixed blade portion that shears the processed material in cooperation with the crushing blade. It is a feature.

  In addition, on the inner periphery of the crushing drum, the distance from the center of the crushing drum gradually increases in the rotation direction of the crushing head, and rises with a predetermined step from the low end of the lowland area. A highland area is formed, and the discharge port is formed so as to straddle the lowland area and the highland area, and a peripheral edge on the highland area side is the fixed blade part.

  In addition, the discharge port is located in the tangential direction of the concentric circle facing the rotational direction of the crushing head from the outside of the crushing drum with reference to a concentric circle inside the crushing drum and having a center coincident with the crushing drum. It is characterized by being perforated.

  Furthermore, a spiral ridge having a spiral direction opposite to that of the spiral blade of the screw is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the trough, and one end portion of the head body gradually increases in outer diameter toward the screw. The taper portion becomes smaller, and the crushing head is eccentrically arranged on the bottom side having the discharge port in the crushing drum.

  According to the present invention, the crushing head having the crushing blade is provided at the tip of the screw accommodated in the trough, and the crushing head is accommodated in the crushing drum connected to the trough. While rotating in synchronism, it is possible to feed the treated material into the crushing drum from the axial direction of the crushing head well and continuously crush it.

  In addition, since the thrust applied along the axial direction of the screw by the spiral blade is given to the processed material introduced into the trough from the inlet, there is a risk that a part of the processed material may jump out upward at a high speed. In addition, since the crushing head is housed in the crushing drum, the safety is high, and even if valuables are dropped in the trough, the screw is stopped while it reaches the crushing drum to destroy the valuables. Can be prevented.

  In addition, on the inner periphery of the crushing drum, a lowland area whose distance from the center gradually increases in the direction of rotation of the crushing head, the highland area rises with a predetermined step from the low end of the lowland area, In the configuration where the discharge port is drilled across the lowland region and the highland region, the processed material pushed between the crushing head and the inner peripheral surface of the crushing drum swells in the discharge port due to the pressure release in the lowland region. Since it is rotated and transferred to the highland area while coming out, the processed material can be suitably sheared and broken by the peripheral edge portion (fixed blade portion) of the discharge port and the crushing blade (rotary blade) of the crushing head on the highland region side. .

  In particular, in the configuration in which the discharge port is formed in the tangential direction of the inner concentric circle of the crushing drum facing the rotation direction of the crushing head from the outside of the crushing drum, the peripheral edge of the discharge port in the high altitude region is sharply fixed blade The peripheral surface of the discharge port on the opposite side to the rotation direction of the crushing head is a downward slope toward the rotation direction of the crushing head. While being introduced one by one, it can be rotated and transferred to the position of the fixed blade portion.

  On the other hand, in the configuration in which spiral ridges having a spiral direction opposite to the spiral blade of the screw are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the trough, bulky processed materials such as metal chips are also transferred with high thrust. It becomes possible.

  In addition, since one end of the head main body constituting the crushing head is a tapered portion whose outer diameter gradually decreases toward the screw, feeding of the processed material into the crushing drum is not hindered, and the outer periphery of the tapered portion The processed material can be smoothly fed into the crushing drum along the surface.

  Further, in a configuration in which the crushing head is eccentrically arranged on the bottom side of the crushing drum, a large amount of processed material is fed to the top of the crushing drum, and this is moved to the bottom side of the crushing drum while being compressed and sheared and crushed. be able to.

The side view which shows the internal structure of the crushing processing apparatus which concerns on this invention Schematic plan view of the device Rear view schematic of the device Front schematic view of the device Partial enlarged sectional view of the device Perspective view showing the crushing head Perspective view showing the crushing drum XX expanded sectional view of FIG. Partial enlarged sectional view showing a crusher change example Cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axis of the crusher shown in FIG. YY sectional view of FIG.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. First, the outline of the configuration of the crushing apparatus according to FIGS. 1 to 4 will be described. In FIGS. 1 and 2, 1 is a horizontal screw conveyor, and the screw conveyor 1 is a horizontally long trough arranged horizontally. A rotatable screw 3 is accommodated in 2.

  The trough 2 has a cylindrical shape. A flange 21 is fixed to the outer periphery of one end of the trough 2, and a slot-shaped inlet 22 is formed on the other upper end. The hopper 4 is connected to the inlet 22. . As is apparent from FIGS. 2 and 3, the hopper portion 4 is an inverted pyramid-shaped container whose diameter increases upward, and its lower end opening communicates with the input port 22. In FIG. 1, 11A and 11B are a pair of front and rear end plates having support legs 12. One end (the right end in FIG. 1) of the trough 2 is fixedly supported by the rear end plate 11B, and the flange 21 is attached. The other end (the left end in FIG. 1) is fixedly supported by the front end plate 11A via a crushing drum 8 described later.

  On the other hand, the screw 3 includes a rotating shaft 31 extending along the longitudinal direction of the trough 2 and a spiral blade 32 fixed to the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 31. Among these, the rotating shaft 31 is rotatably supported at both ends by a bearing unit 13 attached to a pair of front and rear end plates 11A and 11B, and a sprocket 14 for receiving a rotational driving force is fixed to one end thereof. Yes.

  1 and 2, reference numeral 5 denotes a drive source (motor with a speed reducer) for rotating the rotary shaft 31. The drive source 5 is fixed to the end plate 11 </ b> A above the rotary shaft 31. A sprocket 15 having a smaller diameter than the above-described sprocket 14 is fixed to the output shaft of the drive source 5, and an endless chain 16 is wound around both the sprockets 14 and 15 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4. For this reason, when the drive source 5 is driven, the power is transmitted to the rotary shaft 31 via the chain 16, thereby rotating the screw 3. The transmission system for the screw 3 is applied to the chain 16 or the like. Not only the transmission but also a gear transmission system or a direct transmission system in which the output shaft of the drive source 5 is directly connected to the rotary shaft 31 can be adopted.

  In FIG. 1, 6 is a crusher interposed between the screw 3 and the end plate 11A. The crusher 6 includes a crushing head 7 provided at the tip of the screw 3 and a crushing drum 8 connected to the tip of the trough 2, and the crushing head 7 is accommodated in the crushing drum 8. According to the crusher 6, the processed material (for example, metal chips curled spirally) fed into the crushing drum 8 by the screw 3 can be continuously crushed and refined. it can.

  In particular, as shown in FIG. 5, on the inner peripheral surface of the trough 2, a spiral having a height that does not interfere with the spiral blade 32 in a section from the front end of the insertion port 22 to the tip connected to the crushing drum 8. A ridge 23 is formed. The spiral ridge 23 is formed by winding a flat steel having a thickness of several millimeters in a spiral shape and fixing the same to the inner peripheral surface of the trough 2 by welding or other means. The direction of the spiral is opposite. For example, when the spiral blade 32 is left-handed, the spiral ridge 23 is right-handed. According to this, in the trough 2, the propulsion force of the processed material toward the crusher 6 by rotating the screw 3 in the direction opposite to the spiral direction of the spiral blade 32 increases, and the processed material is put into the crusher 6. It can be sent in well.

  Here, referring to the configuration of the crusher 6 with reference to FIGS. 5 to 8, the crushing head 7 includes a horizontally long head body 71 and a detachable crushing blade 72 fixed to the outer periphery thereof. Among these, the head main body 71 is fixed coaxially with the screw 3, and both of them 3 and 71 share the rotating shaft 31. In particular, in this example, the rotary shaft 31 has a small-diameter shaft portion 31a protruding from the trough 2 of the screw conveyor 1 as shown in FIG. 5, and the head body 71 is shrink-fitted to the small-diameter shaft portion 31a. It is fixed by fastening means such as keys and bolts. As is apparent from FIGS. 5 and 6, one end of the head main body 71 is a tapered portion 71 a whose outer diameter gradually decreases toward the screw 3 on the screw 3 side, and the end diameter is the screw 3 side. The rotation shaft 31 has substantially the same diameter. Further, as is apparent from FIG. 6, on the outer periphery of the head main body 71, groove portions 71b extending along the axial direction are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction (90-degree intervals in the illustrated example). The crushing blade 72 is attached to 71b.

  The crushing blade 72 is made of a tough tool steel having wear resistance, and its shape is a horizontally long plate shape that fits into the groove portion 71b. One edge of the crushing blade 72 extends along the axial direction of the crushing head 7 and a sharp cutting edge 72a. Has been. Then, the crushing blade 72 is fitted into the groove portion 71 b in a state where the tip portion including the cutting edge 72 a protrudes from the outer periphery of the head main body 71. In particular, a cutout recess 71c is formed on the outer periphery of the head body 71 adjacent to the groove 71b as shown in FIG. 6, and the crushing blade 72 is held down by a bolt (not shown) arranged in the cutout recess 71c. It is like that. Therefore, while the crushing blade 72 is firmly fixed to the head main body 71 by tightening the bolt, the crushing blade 72 can be easily detached from the head main body 71 by loosening the bolt when the crushing blade 72 is worn.

  On the other hand, in FIGS. 7 and 8, the crushing drum 8 is a hard metal cylinder having a length slightly larger than that of the crushing head 7, and disk-shaped flanges 81 are fixed to the outer circumferences of both ends in an eccentric state. ing. Between the two flanges 81, round shaft-shaped ribs 82 are provided on both the left and right sides of the crushing drum 8 so as to circumscribe the crushing drum 8. Both ends of each rib 82 are fixed to the flange 81, and a bolt 83 is screwed toward the crushing drum 8 at a central portion in the length direction of the rib 82, and the crushing drum 8 and each rib 82 are connected by the bolt 83. Tightly connected. A plurality of discharge ports 84 having a predetermined diameter are formed in the bottom of the crushing drum 8. The discharge port 84 is for discharging the processed material to the outside, and in this example, four round holes having a diameter of about 30 mm are formed as the discharge port 84. In particular, on the inner peripheral side of the crushing drum 8, the peripheral edge portion of the discharge port 84 is a fixed blade portion 84 a that shears the processed material in cooperation with the crushing blade 72 (rotating blade) described above.

  Then, the crushing drum 8 is fixed between the trough 2 and the end plate 11A using a bolt hole 81a formed in the flange 81 as shown in FIG. One flange 81 is abutted against the flange 21 of the trough 2 and bolted, and the other flange 81 is abutted against the end plate 11A and bolted. As is clear from FIG. 5, the crushing drum 8 has a larger diameter than the trough 2 and is connected to the trough 2 in an eccentric state, and the crushing head 7 is connected to the crushing drum 8. The arrangement is eccentric to the bottom side. As a result, a large space S is formed above the bottom of the crushing drum 8 as is apparent from FIG. 8, and the cutting edge 72a of the crushing blade 72 is in sliding contact with the inner peripheral surface on the bottom side of the crushing drum 8. Or they are close to each other.

  Next, the operation of the crushing apparatus configured as described above will be described. When the drive source 5 is driven, the rotational driving force is transmitted to the rotary shaft 31 so that the screw 3 is unidirectional (FIG. 1). The crushing head 7 which is rotationally driven in the direction of the arrow of FIG. 5 and is coaxially fixed to the same is also rotationally driven in the same direction and at the same speed in synchronism with the screw 3. In this state, when metal chips, such as spirally curled, are thrown into the hopper section 4 as processing objects, they fall into the trough 2 through the insertion port 22, and the spiral blade 32 of the screw 3 against the chips. A propulsive force in the direction from the left to the crusher 6 (left side in FIG. 1) is given.

  For this reason, the chips are transferred in the trough 2 from below the hopper 4 toward the crusher 6, and the propulsive force is increased by the action of the spiral ridges 23 shown in FIG. It will be entered. At this time, the crushing head 7 does not hinder the feeding of the chips into the crushing drum 8, and smoothly guides the chips to the front side of the crushing drum 8 by the action of the tapered portion 71 a. Particularly, most of the chips are rotated in the crushing drum 8 by receiving the rotational force of the crushing head 7 while being guided to the upper space S having a large capacity.

  The chips reaching the bottom of the crushing drum 8 are sandwiched between the crushing blade 72 passing through the position of the discharge port 84 and the peripheral portion (fixed blade portion 84a) of the discharge port 84, both of which 72, 84a. It is discharged from the discharge port 84 while being finely crushed by receiving the shearing force. A container (not shown) or the like is disposed below the crushing drum 8 so as to collect the crushed pieces.

  As described above, according to the crushing apparatus according to the present invention, since the screw conveyor 1 and the crusher 6 are integrally combined, the screw 3 and the crushing head 7 are connected by the single drive source 5. While rotating synchronously, chips can be pushed into the crushing drum 8 by a fixed amount from the axial direction of the crushing head 7 by a certain amount.

  Further, since the propelling force along the axial direction of the screw 3 is given to the chips thrown into the hopper portion 4 by the spiral blade 32, a part of the chips is thrown into the inlet 22 when the chips are put in. Since the crushing head 7 having no crushing blade 72 and driven to rotate is housed in the crushing drum 8 without jumping out at a higher speed at a higher speed, the safety is high and valuables are dropped in the hopper 4. Even if it is lost, the screw 3 can be stopped while it reaches the crushing drum 8 to prevent the valuables from being destroyed.

  As mentioned above, although the specific example of this invention was demonstrated, the crushing apparatus which concerns is not necessarily restricted to the above structures. For example, in the above description, the crushing blade 72 is a straight blade extending along the axial direction of the crushing head 7, but this may be a twisted blade that is inclined with respect to the axis of the crushing head 7. The shear resistance at the time can be reduced. However, if the discharge port 84 forming the fixed blade portion 84a is formed into a circular hole as in the above example, even if the crushing blade 72 on the rotation side is a straight blade, the blade edge 72a and the fixed blade portion 84a are crossed obliquely. The shear resistance can be reduced.

  Further, the crushing head 7 is not limited to be arranged eccentrically on the bottom side of the crushing drum 8 as in the above example, but the crushing head 7 is arranged concentrically with respect to the crushing drum 8 as shown in FIGS. You may make it do.

  In particular, in the modified example of the crusher 6 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the distance from the center of the crushing drum 8 is the rotation direction of the crushing head 7 (FIG. 10). Are formed with a lowland area La that gradually increases in the counterclockwise direction and a highland area Ha that rises with a predetermined step δ from the low end of the lowland area La. The lowland area La and the highland area Ha are alternately formed along the rotation direction of the crushing head 7, and the curvature radius of the highland area Ha coincides with the cutting edge circle radius of the crushing blade 72.

  According to this example, as is apparent from FIGS. 10 and 11, the six crushing drums 8 (three rows in one row and three rows) are provided with the discharge ports 84 straddling the lowland region La and the highland region Ha. The peripheral edge of each discharge port 84 on the high altitude region Ha side is a fixed blade portion 84a. For this reason, the processed material pushed between the crushing head 7 and the inner peripheral surface of the crushing drum 8 is rotated and transferred to the high altitude region Ha while bulging into the discharge port 84 due to pressure release in the low altitude region La. The processed material can be suitably sheared and crushed by the peripheral edge portion (fixed blade portion 84a) of the discharge port 84 and the crushing blade 72 (rotary blade) of the crushing head 7 on the high altitude region Ha side.

  Further, in this example, the discharge port 84 is not drilled at a right angle toward the center of the crushing drum 8, but is concentrically located inside the crushing drum 8 and coincides with the crushing drum 8 as shown in FIG. With respect to (for example, the outer periphery of the head main body 71), the concentric circles are drilled from the outside of the crushing drum 8 so as to be opposed to the crushing head 7 in the rotational direction. According to this, the peripheral edge portion of the discharge port 84 in the high altitude region Ha can be a sharp (acute angle or right angle) fixed blade portion 84a, and the discharge port 84 on the opposite side to the rotation direction of the crushing head 7 can be obtained. Since the peripheral surface of the crushing head 7 becomes a downward slope 84b in the rotation direction of the crushing head 7, the workpiece is rotated and transferred to the position of the fixed blade portion 84a while gradually introducing the processed material into the discharge port 84 along the slope 84b. Can do.

  In addition, in the modified example shown in FIGS. 9-11, since it is the structure similar to the said example about the part (The crushing head 7 and the screw conveyor 1) except the crushing drum 8, description is abbreviate | omitted. 10 is not limited to being concentrically arranged with respect to the crushing drum 8, but may be arranged eccentrically on the bottom side of the crushing drum 8 as in the above example (as shown in FIG. 8).

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Screw conveyor 13 Bearing unit 2 Trough 22 Slot 23 Spiral protrusion 3 Screw 31 Rotating shaft 31a Small diameter shaft part 32 Spiral blade 4 Hopper part 5 Drive source 6 Crusher 7 Crushing head 71 Head main body 71a Taper part 72 Crushing blade 72a Cutting edge 8 Crushing drum 84 Discharge port 84a Fixed blade portion La Lowland area Ha Highland area δ Step

Claims (6)

In the trough having an opening at the top of one end, a rotatable screw having a spiral blade is accommodated, and a crushing processing device provided with a crushing head at the tip of the screw,
The crushing head has a head body fixed coaxially with the screw, and a detachable crushing blade protruding from the outer periphery of the head body, and is housed in a crushing drum connected to the tip of the trough,
The crushing drum has a discharge port for discharging the processed material to the outside at the bottom, and the peripheral portion of the discharge port is a fixed blade portion that shears the processed material in cooperation with the crushing blade. Characterized crushing processing device. On the inner periphery of the crushing drum, there are a lowland area where the distance from the center of the crushing drum gradually increases in the rotation direction of the crushing head, and a highland area that rises with a predetermined step from the low end of the lowland area. 2. The crushing process according to claim 1, wherein the discharge port is formed so as to straddle the lowland region and the highland region, and a peripheral portion on the highland region side is the fixed blade portion. apparatus. The discharge port is formed in the tangential direction of the concentric circle facing the rotation direction of the crushing head from the outside of the crushing drum with reference to a concentric circle inside the crushing drum and having a center coincident with the crushing drum. The crushing processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the crushing apparatus is provided. The crushing processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a spiral ridge having a spiral direction opposite to a spiral blade of the screw is formed on an inner peripheral surface of the trough. . The crushing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein one end portion of the head body is a tapered portion whose outer diameter gradually decreases toward the screw. The crushing processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the crushing head is disposed eccentrically on a bottom side having the discharge port in the crushing drum.

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