JP2010227008A - Elevated cultivation device, and elevated cultivation method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an elevated cultivation device changing and automatically controlling the level of water stored in a water storage sheet, and stabilizing maintenance of the level of water stored in the water storage sheet so as to improve the yield of products to be cultivated. <P>SOLUTION: This elevated cultivation device includes a permeable culture medium holding sheet 10 which has a cross section formed in a U shape, and holds a culture medium M where a product 1 to be cultivated is planted, a nonpermeable water storage sheet 20 which has a cross section formed in a U shape, and holds the lower side of the culture medium holding sheet 10 to store water W, a support body 40 which supports the culture medium holding sheet 10 and the water storage sheet 20 on a place the ground, and a water supplying means 50 which automatically supplies water W to the water storage sheet 20 when the level of water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 becomes a minimum level L, and automatically stops supplying water W to the water storage sheet 20 when the level of water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 becomes a maximum level H. The water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 is infiltrated into the culture medium M through the culture medium holding sheet 10 so as to let a root part 1a of the product 1 to be cultivated absorb. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an elevated cultivation apparatus for cultivating an object to be cultivated comprising plants such as fruits and vegetables such as strawberries and melons at a predetermined height higher than the ground, and an elevated cultivation method using the same.

Conventionally, as this kind of tall cultivation apparatus, what was described in patent document 1 (Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2002-281832) is known, for example.
As shown in FIG. 5, this elevated cultivation apparatus Sa is formed of a water-permeable sheet member, bent downward and formed into a U-shaped cross section, and a culture medium Ma on which an object to be cultivated 100 is planted on the inner surface side. A medium holding sheet 101 to be held and water that is formed of a water-impermeable sheet member, bent downward and formed into a U-shaped cross section, accommodates the lower side 101a of the medium holding sheet 101, and grows the cultivation object 100 The water storage sheet 102 for storing water and a support body 103 that is formed by assembling a plurality of rod-like bodies 103a and supports the medium holding sheet 101 and the water storage sheet 102 at a predetermined height higher than the ground are configured.

  The culture medium holding sheet 101 is a woven fabric in which the left and right portions are woven with fine eyes and the central portion is woven, or a plastic sheet with fine holes in the left and right portions and relatively large holes in the central portion. It consists of When this culture medium holding sheet 101 is used, the root portion 100a of the cultivation object 100 planted in the culture medium Ma protrudes downward from the central portion of the culture medium holding sheet 101. The water storage sheet 102 is at least partially transparent and stores water Wa containing fertilizers, agricultural chemicals, and the like. Further, the outside of the water storage sheet 102 is covered with a light shielding sheet 104.

  In the elevated cultivation method using this elevated cultivation apparatus Sa, the culture medium Ma is held in the culture medium holding sheet 101, the cultivated object 100 is planted in the culture medium Ma, and the water Wa containing fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, etc. is stored in the water storage sheet 102. The water is stored so that the root portion 100a of the cultivated object 100 protrudes from the water storage sheet 102. At this time, since at least a part of the water storage sheet 102 is formed to be transparent, the light shielding sheet 104 covers the outside of the water storage sheet 102 in order to block light that is harmful to the root portion 100a.

  Then, the light shielding sheet 104 is periodically turned up to grasp the state of the root portion 100a of the cultivated object 100 with the naked eye, and the water level of the water Wa stored in the water storage sheet 102 is visually confirmed. When the water level of the water Wa stored in the water storage sheet 102 decreases and the amount of water Wa containing fertilizer, agricultural chemicals or the like decreases, the water Wa is appropriately supplied.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-281832

However, in this conventional cultivating device Sa and the cultivating method using the same, since the light shielding sheet 104 is turned up and the water level of the water Wa stored in the water storage sheet 102 is confirmed visually, Therefore, there is a problem that the maintenance of the water level of the water Wa stored in the water storage sheet 102 is unstable.
In addition, when making the water level of the water Wa stored in the water storage sheet 102 always constant, since the root part 100a of the cultivated object 100 is always immersed in the water Wa stored in the water storage sheet 102, the culture medium Ma In addition, oxygen is difficult to be mixed into the root part 100a of the cultivated object 100, and there is a disadvantage that the cultivated object 100 is deteriorated in yield because it tends to adversely affect the root part 100a.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and it is possible to change the water level of water stored in the water storage sheet and to automatically control the water stored in the water storage sheet. It is an object of the present invention to provide an elevated cultivation apparatus that stabilizes the maintenance of the water level and improves the yield of the cultivated product, and an elevated cultivation method using the same.

  In order to achieve such an object, the elevated cultivation apparatus of the present invention is a medium in which a cultivated material is planted on the inner surface side, formed of a water-permeable sheet member, bent downward and formed into a U-shaped cross section. A medium-holding sheet for holding the water and a non-permeable sheet member that is bent downward and is formed in a U-shaped cross-section to store the lower side of the medium-holding sheet and store water related to cultivation of the cultivation object A water storage sheet, and a support body that supports the medium holding sheet and the water storage sheet at a predetermined height above the ground, and allows the water stored in the water storage sheet to permeate the medium through the medium holding sheet. In an elevated cultivation apparatus adapted to be absorbed by the root of the object to be cultivated, when the water level stored in the water storage sheet reaches the minimum water level, water is automatically supplied to the water storage sheet, and the water storage sheet is supplied to the water storage sheet. Water stored in water There has been a structure in which a water supply means for stopping automatically the supply of water to the water storage sheet in which the maximum water level.

  Thereby, when cultivating the object to be cultivated at a position higher than the ground, the support medium supports the medium holding sheet and the water storage sheet at a predetermined height higher than the ground, and holds the medium on the inner surface of the medium holding sheet. Plant cultures on the medium. In this state, the water supply means supplies water to the water storage sheet until the maximum water level is reached and stores the water. When the water level stored in the water storage sheet reaches the maximum water level, the water supply means automatically stops the water supply. And at least the lowest part of the culture medium holding sheet is immersed in the water stored in the water storage sheet, and water is infiltrated into the culture medium through this culture medium holding sheet so as to be absorbed from the culture medium to the root of the object to be cultivated. .

  The water stored in the water storage sheet up to the maximum water level is gradually reduced as the root of the cultivated material absorbs or spontaneously evaporates. When the water level stored in the water storage sheet becomes the minimum water level, water is automatically supplied to the water storage sheet by the water supply means.

  That is, the water level stored in the water storage sheet can be varied between the minimum water level and the maximum water level and can be automatically controlled. Since the water level stored in the water storage sheet can be automatically controlled, the maintenance of the water level stored in the water storage sheet can be stabilized. In addition, since the water level stored in the water storage sheet can be changed between the minimum water level and the maximum water level, the roots of the culture medium and the cultivated object are not constantly immersed in the water stored in the water storage sheet. Therefore, since moderate oxygen comes to be mixed in the root part of the culture medium and the cultivated object, the cultivated object can be grown while keeping the root part in good condition, and the yield of the cultivated object is improved accordingly. Can do.

And if necessary, the water supply means supplies a storage tank that stores water, a water supply pipe that supplies water from the water source to the storage tank, and a supply that supplies water stored in the storage tank to the water storage sheet When the water level stored in the pipe and the water storage sheet reaches the minimum water level, the water supply from the storage tank is allowed and the water level stored in the water storage sheet reaches the maximum water level. And supply control means for disabling water supply from the storage tank.
In this case, the supply pipe is connected in communication between the storage tank and the water storage sheet so that the water level of the storage tank and the water level of the water storage sheet are the same, and the supply control means is The water supply pipe is closed when the water level of the storage tank reaches a predetermined first height, and the water supply pipe is opened when the water level of the storage tank reaches a predetermined second height lower than the predetermined first height. It is effective to use a float valve. That is, the water level when the water stored in the storage tank has a predetermined first height and the water level when the water stored in the water storage sheet is at the maximum water level are the same, and the water stored in the storage tank has a predetermined level. The water level at the second height and the water level when the water stored in the water storage sheet is the minimum water level are the same.

  As a result, when the water level stored in the water storage sheet reaches the minimum water level, the water level stored in the storage tank reaches a predetermined second height, and in this state, water is supplied by the supply control means (float valve). The pipe is opened and water is supplied from the water source to the storage tank, and water is supplied from the storage tank to the water storage sheet while allowing water supply from the storage tank. When the water level stored in the water storage sheet reaches the maximum water level, the water level stored in the storage tank reaches a predetermined first height. In this state, the water supply pipe is provided by the supply control means (float valve). Is closed, and the water supply from the water source to the storage tank is stopped, and the water supply from the storage tank is disabled to stop the water supply from the storage tank to the water storage sheet. In this case, since the water level stored in the storage tank and the water level stored in the water storage sheet are always the same, it is easy to control the water level stored in the water storage sheet. Further, since the supply control means is constituted by a float valve, the water supply means can be made simple, and therefore the apparatus can be made simple.

Moreover, it is set as the structure which attached the water absorption sheet which absorbs water to the inner surface of the said culture medium holding sheet as needed. That is, the culture medium is held by the water absorbing sheet.
Thereby, when at least the lowermost part of the culture medium holding sheet is immersed in the water stored in the water storage sheet, the water absorbing sheet is also immersed in the water stored in the water storage sheet. The water absorbing sheet absorbs water at the immersed portion, and then the water absorbed by the capillary phenomenon rises and spreads throughout the water absorbing sheet. Since this water-absorbing sheet encloses the culture medium, the water absorbed by the water-absorbing sheet penetrates into the culture medium, so that the water stored in the water storage sheet can penetrate into the entire culture medium.

Furthermore, if necessary, the medium is composed of cedar bark.
Since cedar bark is a material with excellent drainage and breathability, the use of this cedar bark in the medium makes it easier for the water stored in the water storage sheet to permeate the entire medium, and the root of the medium and the object to be cultivated. Oxygen can be easily passed through and the root portion can be kept good. Moreover, since the crushed cedar bark is lightweight, the operation | work which hold | maintains a culture medium on a culture medium holding sheet can be simplified. Furthermore, after use, the discardability can be improved by putting it into the field as compost.

  Moreover, in order to achieve the said objective, the high cultivation method of this invention is a high cultivation method which cultivates a to-be-cultivated thing using said up-setting cultivation apparatus, Comprising: The quantity which concerns on cultivation of a to-be-cultivated thing The fertilizer is mixed with the medium, and then the medium is held on the medium holding sheet. Thereafter, the cultivated material is planted on the medium, and in this state, water is supplied to the water storage sheet by the water supply means, and the water storage While changing the water level stored in the sheet, the root of the cultivated product is absorbed to cultivate the cultivated product.

  As a result, when the water stored in the water storage sheet penetrates the culture medium through the culture medium holding sheet, the fertilizer mixed in the culture medium is eluted by the water, and the eluted fertilizer is mixed with the water so that the root of the cultivated material Will be absorbed from. As in the past, when fertilizer-containing water (liquid fertilizer) is stored in a water storage sheet, it is necessary to periodically adjust the liquid fertilizer composition, but this method is not necessary and the work efficiency can be improved accordingly. . Moreover, since the water level of the water stored in the water storage sheet is changed, the root part of the culture medium and the object to be cultivated is not always immersed in the water stored in the water storage sheet. Therefore, the cultivated product can be grown while keeping the root portion good, and the yield of the cultivated product can be improved accordingly.

  Furthermore, in order to achieve the above object, the elevated cultivation method of the present invention is an elevated cultivation method for cultivating an object to be cultivated using the elevated cultivation apparatus, wherein the culture medium holding sheet holds the culture medium. The fertilizer is applied to the surface of the culture medium immediately after planting the culture medium in the medium, and in this state, water is supplied to the water storage sheet by the water supply means. While changing the water level stored in the sheet, the root of the cultivated product is absorbed to cultivate the cultivated product.

  As a result, when the water stored in the water storage sheet penetrates the medium through the medium holding sheet, the fertilizer applied to the surface of the medium elutes with water, and the eluted fertilizer mixes with the water, It is absorbed from the root. In order to ensure that the eluted fertilizer is mixed with water, it is desirable to lightly mix the fertilizer and the medium after fertilizing the medium surface. As in the past, when fertilizer-containing water (liquid fertilizer) is stored in a water storage sheet, it is necessary to periodically adjust the liquid fertilizer composition, but this method is not necessary and the work efficiency can be improved accordingly. . Moreover, since the water level of the water stored in the water storage sheet is changed, the root part of the culture medium and the object to be cultivated is not always immersed in the water stored in the water storage sheet. Therefore, the cultivated product can be grown while keeping the root portion good, and the yield of the cultivated product can be improved accordingly.

  According to the elevated cultivation apparatus of the present invention, the water level stored in the water storage sheet can be varied between the minimum water level and the maximum water level and can be automatically controlled. Since the water level stored in the water storage sheet can be automatically controlled, the maintenance of the water level stored in the water storage sheet can be stabilized. In addition, since the water level stored in the water storage sheet can be changed between the minimum water level and the maximum water level, the roots of the culture medium and the cultivated object are not constantly immersed in the water stored in the water storage sheet. Therefore, since moderate oxygen comes to be mixed in the root part of the culture medium and the cultivated object, the cultivated object can be grown while keeping the root part in good condition, and the yield of the cultivated object is improved accordingly. Can do.

  Moreover, according to the high cultivation method using this high cultivation apparatus, after mixing the quantity of the fertilizer which concerns on cultivation of a to-be-cultivated thing with a culture medium, a culture medium holding sheet | seat is made to hold | maintain a culture medium, and it is then cultivated to a culture medium In the case of planting an object, when the water stored in the water storage sheet penetrates the medium through the medium holding sheet, the fertilizer mixed in the medium is eluted by the water, and the eluted fertilizer is mixed with the water and covered. If it comes to be absorbed from the root part of the cultivated product, the medium is retained in the medium holding sheet, and immediately after planting the cultivated material in the medium, fertilizer in an amount related to cultivation of the cultivated material is applied to the surface of the medium, When the water stored in the water storage sheet penetrates the medium through the medium holding sheet, the fertilizer applied to the surface of the medium elutes with the water, and the eluted fertilizer mixes with the water and is absorbed from the root of the cultivated material. Will come to be. As in the past, when fertilizer-containing water (liquid fertilizer) is stored in a water storage sheet, it is necessary to periodically adjust the liquid fertilizer composition, but this method is not necessary and the work efficiency can be improved accordingly. .

It is a perspective view which shows the tall cultivation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a partially expanded front view which shows the tall cultivation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a table | surface which shows the yield in the case where it is related with embodiment of this invention and the water level stored by a water storage sheet is made constant, and it fluctuates. It is a table | surface which shows the yield when it concerns on embodiment of this invention and the case where a fertilizer is mixed beforehand with a culture medium and the liquid fertilizer is stored in a water storage sheet | seat. It is a figure which shows an example of the conventional tall cultivation apparatus.

  Hereinafter, an elevated cultivation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention and an elevated cultivation method using the same will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. This Embodiment demonstrates the case where the strawberry as a to-be-cultivated thing is planted in the culture medium which consists of the ground cedar bark, and is cultivated in the position higher than the ground. First, the elevated cultivation apparatus will be described.

  FIG.1 and FIG.2 has shown the tall cultivation apparatus S which concerns on embodiment of this invention. This apparatus S is formed of a water-permeable sheet member, is bent downward and is formed in a U-shaped cross section, and holds a medium M on which the strawberry 1 as the cultivation object 1 is planted on the inner surface 10a side. 10 and a water storage sheet 20 formed of a water-impermeable sheet member, bent downward and formed in a U-shaped cross section, containing the lower side 10b of the culture medium holding sheet 10 and storing water W related to cultivation of the strawberry 1. And the support 40 for supporting the culture medium holding sheet 10 and the water storage sheet 20 at a predetermined height above the ground, and the water storage sheet 20 automatically when the water level of the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 reaches the minimum water level L. Water supply means 50 for automatically supplying water W and automatically stopping the supply of water W to the water storage sheet 20 when the level of the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 reaches the maximum water level H. Become.

  The culture medium holding sheet 10 is formed of a rectangular sheet member, and is formed so as to have fine eyes by weaving thread-like chemical fibers vertically and horizontally. The medium holding sheet 10 has both end portions 11 along the longitudinal direction supported by the support body 40, and holds and holds the medium M in which a plurality of strains of strawberries 1 are planted at predetermined intervals on the inner surface 10a side. The root 1a of the strawberry 1 planted in the medium M is woven in fine eyes so as not to protrude outward from the inner side surface 10a. In the embodiment, the lowermost portion 10 c bent downward is located 15 cm below the both end portions 11 supported by the support body 40. In addition, the distance between the lowermost part 10c and the both end parts 11 supported by the support body 40 does not necessarily need to be 15 cm, and may be appropriately changed depending on the volume of the medium M to be held.

  Further, a water absorbing sheet 30 that absorbs water W is attached to the inner side surface 10 a of the culture medium holding sheet 10. In the embodiment, the water-absorbing sheet 30 is formed of polyester fiber, and when the medium M is held by the medium holding sheet 10, the root 1 a of the strawberry 1 planted in the medium M is outward from the inner side surface 30 a of the water-absorbing sheet 30. It is woven into relatively rough eyes that can protrude into the surface. The water absorbing sheet 30 is attached to the entire inner surface 10 a of the medium holding sheet 10 and encloses the medium M.

  The water storage sheet 20 is formed of a rectangular non-stretchable sheet member. The water storage sheet 20 has both end portions 21 along the longitudinal direction supported by the support 40, and stores water W related to cultivation of the strawberry 1 on the inner surface 20 a, and stores the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20. The medium M is infiltrated through the medium holding sheet 10 and absorbed by the root 1a of the strawberry 1. In the embodiment, both end portions 21 of the water storage sheet 20 supported by the support body 40 are located 5 cm below the both end portions 11 of the culture medium holding sheet 10 supported by the support body 40. The lowermost part 20 b bent downward is located 20 cm below the both end parts 21 supported by the support body 40. That is, the lowermost part 20 b of the water storage sheet 20 is located 10 cm below the lowermost part 10 c of the culture medium holding sheet 10. In addition, the distance between the both ends 21 of the water storage sheet 20 supported by the support 40 and the both ends 11 of the culture medium holding sheet 10 supported by the support 40 may not necessarily be 5 cm. The distance between the lowermost portion 20b and the both end portions 21 supported by the support body 40 is not necessarily 20 cm, and may be changed as appropriate.

  The support body 40 includes a vertical bar 41 whose lower end 41a is driven perpendicularly to the ground, and a parallel bar 42 provided in parallel to the ground. A pair of vertical bars 41 are provided at a predetermined interval along the width direction of the medium holding sheet 10 and the water storage sheet 20, and the pair of vertical bars 41 are arranged at a predetermined interval along the longitudinal direction of the medium holding sheet 10 and the water storage sheet 20. A plurality are provided. The parallel bar 42 includes an upper parallel bar 42a that supports the culture medium holding sheet 10 and a lower parallel bar 42b that supports the water storage sheet 20, and the upper parallel bar 42a and the lower parallel bar 42b are connected to the culture medium holding sheet 10 and the water storage tank. One by one is installed on each of a plurality of vertical bars 41 provided along the longitudinal direction of the sheet 20. A plurality of sets of the support bodies 40 assembled in this way are provided at predetermined intervals along the width direction of the culture medium holding sheet 10 and the water storage sheet 20. In the embodiment, in the embodiment, the upper end 41b of the vertical bar 41 is positioned 90 cm higher than the ground, and the pair of vertical bars 41 are provided at an interval of 25 cm. Further, the upper parallel bar 42a is installed on the upper end 41b of each vertical bar 41, and the lower parallel bar 42b is provided at a position 5 cm below the upper parallel bar 42a. Further, a plurality of sets of supports 40 are provided at intervals of 40 cm along the width direction of the medium holding sheet 10 and the water storage sheet 20. In addition, the space | interval of each vertical bar | burr 41 and the parallel bar | burr 42 is not limited to what was mentioned above, You may change suitably.

  The medium holding sheet 10 and the water storage sheet 20 are supported by the respective supports 40 assembled in this way. Specifically, the medium holding sheet 10 is hung on a pair of upper parallel bars 42a and fixed using a fixing member, and the water storage sheet 20 is hung on a pair of lower parallel bars 42b and fixed using a fixing member.

  The water supply means 50 is a storage tank 51 that stores the water W, a water supply pipe 53 that supplies the storage tank 51 with water W from the water source 52, and a supply that supplies the water W stored in the storage tank 51 to the water storage sheet 20. When the water level of the water W stored in the pipe 54 and the water storage sheet 20 becomes the minimum water level L, the water supply from the storage tank 51 is permitted and the water level of the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 becomes the maximum water level H. Supply control means 55 for disabling water supply from the storage tank 51.

The storage tank 51 is located in the vicinity of the water storage sheet 20 so that the water level of the water W stored in the storage tank 51 and the water level of the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 are the same. Further, the water supply pipe 53 connects the upper side portion of the storage tank 51 and the water source 52.
The supply pipe 54 is arranged such that the water level of the water W stored in the storage tank 51 and the water level of the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 are equal to each other. The lower part 20b is connected in communication.

  The supply control means 55 closes the water supply pipe 53 when the water level of the storage tank 51 reaches a predetermined first height Ha in the water supply pipe 53, and the water level of the storage tank 51 is a predetermined second height lower than the predetermined first height Ha. When it becomes La, it is comprised with the float valve 55a which opens the water supply pipe 53. FIG. The water level when the water W stored in the storage tank 51 is the predetermined first height Ha is the same as the water level when the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 is the maximum water level H, and is stored in the storage tank 51. The water level when the water W is a predetermined second height La is the same level as the water level when the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 is the minimum water level L.

  Next, the elevated cultivation method will be described. The elevated cultivation method according to the present embodiment is performed using the elevated cultivation apparatus S configured as described above.

  First, the fertilizer of the quantity which concerns on cultivation of the strawberry 1 is mixed with the culture medium M, Next, this culture medium M is hold | maintained at the culture medium holding sheet 10, and the strawberry 1 is planted in the culture medium M at predetermined intervals after that. In this state, water W is supplied to the water storage sheet 20 by the water supply means 50, and the strawberry 1 is cultivated by absorbing the water W in the root 1a of the strawberry 1 while changing the water level of the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20. I will do it.

  Specifically, the water W is supplied from the water source 52 to the storage tank 51, the water W is supplied from the storage tank 51 to the water storage sheet 20, and the water level of the water W stored in the storage tank 51 reaches the predetermined first height Ha. The water level of the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 is set to the maximum water level H. In this state, at least the lowermost part 10 c of the culture medium holding sheet 10 is immersed in the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20. When the water level of the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 reaches the maximum water level H, the water level of the water W stored in the storage tank 51 becomes the predetermined first height Ha, and in this state, the float valve 55a The water supply pipe 53 is closed, the water supply of the water W from the water source 52 to the storage tank 51 is stopped, the water supply from the storage tank 51 is disabled, and the water W is supplied from the storage tank 51 to the water storage sheet 20. To stop. That is, when the water level of the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 reaches the maximum water level H, the water supply means 50 automatically stops the supply of the water W.

  When the water storage sheet 20 stores water W up to the maximum water level H and at least the lowermost part 10c of the medium holding sheet 10 is immersed in the water W, the water absorbing sheet 30 attached to the inner side surface 10a of the medium holding sheet 10 is also at least The lowermost part 30 b comes to be immersed in the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20. The water absorbing sheet 30 absorbs the water W at the immersed portion, and then the water W absorbed by the capillary phenomenon rises and spreads throughout the water absorbing sheet 30. Since the water absorbing sheet 30 encloses the medium M, the water W absorbed by the water absorbing sheet 30 penetrates into the medium M. Therefore, the water W stored in the water storing sheet 20 is transferred to the entire medium M. Can penetrate.

  When the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 penetrates the medium M through the medium holding sheet 10 and the water absorbing sheet 30, the fertilizer mixed in the medium M is eluted by the water W, and the eluted fertilizer is mixed with the water W. And it comes to be absorbed from the root 1a of the strawberry 1.

  Then, the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 up to the maximum water level H is gradually absorbed by the root 1a of the strawberry 1 or spontaneously evaporated, and is stored in the water storage sheet 20. When the water level of the water W reaches the minimum water level L, the water level of the water W stored in the storage tank 51 reaches a predetermined second height La. When this state is reached, the water supply pipe 53 is opened by the float valve 55a, and the water source The water W is supplied from the storage tank 51 to the storage tank 51, and the water supply from the storage tank 51 is allowed, so that the water W is supplied from the storage tank 51 to the water storage sheet 20. That is, when the water level of the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 reaches the minimum water level L, the water supply means 50 automatically supplies the water W to the water storage sheet 20.

  The water W supplied to the water storage sheet 20 is automatically stopped when the water level of the stored water W reaches the maximum water level H. Thereafter, the supply of the water W to the water storage sheet 20 as described above, Stop is repeated automatically and strawberry 1 is grown.

  As described above, the water level of the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 can be varied between the minimum water level L and the maximum water level H and can be automatically controlled. Since the water level of the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 can be automatically controlled, the maintenance of the water level of the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 can be stabilized. Moreover, since the water level of the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 can be changed between the minimum water level L and the maximum water level H, the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 by the root portion 1a of the culture medium M or the strawberry 1 is stored. So that moderate oxygen can be mixed into the culture medium M and the root part 1a of the strawberry 1, so that the strawberry 1 can be grown while maintaining the root part 1a well. The yield of 1 can be improved.

  Further, since the supply pipe 54 is connected and connected between the storage tank 51 and the water storage sheet 20 so that the water level of the storage tank 51 and the water level of the water storage sheet 20 are equal to each other, the supply pipe 54 is stored in the storage tank 51. The water level of the water W and the water level of the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 are always the same, so that the water level of the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 can be easily controlled. Further, since the supply control means 55 is constituted by the float valve 55a, the water supply means 50 can be made simple, and therefore the apparatus S can be made simple.

  Furthermore, when water (liquid fertilizer) containing fertilizer is stored in the water storage sheet 20 as in the prior art, it is necessary to periodically adjust the liquid fertilizer composition. Since the fertilizer is mixed in advance, it is not necessary to improve the work efficiency. Moreover, when the fertilizer of the quantity which concerns on cultivation of the strawberry 1 is previously mixed with the culture medium M, compared with the case where the water (liquid fertilizer) containing the fertilizer is stored in the water storage sheet | seat 20 like the past, the yield of the strawberry 1 is real. Can be improved.

  Furthermore, since the cedar bark is a material excellent in drainage and air permeability, by using this cedar bark for the medium M, the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 can easily penetrate the entire medium M, Oxygen can be easily passed through the culture medium M and the root part 1a of the strawberry 1, and the root part 1a can be maintained well. Moreover, since the crushed cedar bark is lightweight, the operation | work which hold | maintains the culture medium M to the culture medium holding sheet 10 can be simplified. Furthermore, after use, the discardability can be improved by putting it into the field as compost.

  In addition, as an elevated cultivation method performed using the elevated cultivation apparatus S configured as described above, the culture medium M is held in the culture medium holding sheet 10 and the strawberry 1 is planted immediately after the strawberry 1 is planted in the culture medium M. Fertilizer in an amount related to the cultivation is applied to the surface of the medium M, and in this state, the water W is supplied to the water storage sheet 20 by the water supply means 50, and the strawberry 1 is changed while changing the water level of the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20. The strawberry 1 may be cultivated by absorbing the water W into the root part 1a of the strawberry. In this case, it is desirable to lightly mix the fertilizer and the medium M after fertilizing the surface of the medium M. When the water W is supplied to the water storage sheet 20 by the water supply means 50 and the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 penetrates the medium M through the medium holding sheet 10 and the water absorbing sheet 30, the fertilizer applied to the surface of the medium M Is eluted with water W, and the eluted fertilizer is mixed with water W and absorbed from the root 1a of the strawberry 1. Then, in the same manner as described above, the water supply means 50 cultivates the strawberry 1 by causing the root 1a of the strawberry 1 to absorb the water W while automatically changing the water level of the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20. . Also in this case, the same operations and effects as described above are achieved.

<Experimental example>
Examples of experiments are shown below.
[Experimental Example 1]
In this experiment, strawberry is used as the object to be cultivated 1, and the difference in the actual yield between the case where the strawberry 1 is cultivated and the case where the strawberry 1 is cultivated by changing the water level stored in the water storage sheet 20 at a constant level. It is what saw. This is because the strawberry variety “Sachinoka” seeded on July 5, 2005 was planted in the medium M on September 5, 2005, and water (liquid fertilizer) with a certain amount of fertilizer added to the water storage sheet 20 was maximized. When the water level H (position 5 cm below the surface of the medium M) is constantly supplied, the water (liquid fertilizer) with a certain amount of fertilizer added is the maximum water level H (position 5 cm below the surface of the medium M). ) And the minimum water level L (the position where the lowermost part 10c of the culture medium holding sheet 10 is not immersed) was each subjected to an experiment for 6 months. Moreover, the elevated cultivation apparatus S of the present invention is installed in the facility, and the temperature in the facility is heated by a heater so that the temperature is 7 ° C. or higher, and the ground temperature in the medium M is also about 15 ° C. The mixture was heated with a heating wire, and further illuminated with an incandescent lamp from November 10, 2005 to February 20, 2005 to extend the light period for 3 hours.
FIG. 3 shows the experimental results. From this result, in all sizes of 3L, 2L, L, M, S, A, and B, the yield is higher when the water level of the water (liquid fertilizer) stored in the water storage sheet 20 is changed. Even when looking at the product fruit yield and the total yield, the yield is higher when the water level of the water (liquid fertilizer) stored in the water storage sheet 20 is changed. That is, when the level of water (liquid fertilizer) stored in the water storage sheet 20 is varied between the minimum water level L and the maximum water level H, the water level stored in the water storage sheet 20 is kept constant. It shows that the yield is improved.

[Experimental example 2]
In this experiment, strawberry is used as the cultivated object 1 and the amount of fertilizer related to cultivation of the strawberry 1 is previously applied to the medium M in the elevated cultivation method of the present invention in which the water level of the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 is changed. It shows the difference in the actual yield between the case where the strawberry 1 is cultivated by mixing and the case where the water (liquid fertilizer) containing fertilizer is stored in the water storage sheet 20 and the strawberry 1 is cultivated. When the fertilizer was mixed with the medium M in advance, the experiment was performed with three weights per strain prepared. This is a mixture of strawberry cultivar "Sachinoka" seeded on July 5, 2005, planted on medium M on September 5, the same day, after fertilizing the surface of medium M with the amount of fertilizer for cultivation. The water W is stored in the water storage sheet 20, and the water level of the water W stored in the water storage sheet 20 is set to the maximum water level H (a position 5 cm below the surface of the medium M) and the minimum water level L (the bottom of the medium holding sheet 10). 10c is not soaked), and water (liquid fertilizer) with a certain amount of fertilizer added to the water storage sheet 20 is stored, and the water level stored in the water storage sheet 20 (liquid fertilizer) is maximized. The experiment was performed for 6 months, respectively, between the water level H (a position 5 cm below the surface of the medium M) and the minimum water level L (a position where the lowermost part 10c of the medium holding sheet 10 is not immersed). . Moreover, the elevated cultivation apparatus S of the present invention is installed in the facility, and the temperature in the facility is heated by a heater so that the temperature is 7 ° C. or higher, and the ground temperature in the medium M is also about 15 ° C. The mixture was heated with a heating wire, and further illuminated with an incandescent lamp from November 10, 2005 to February 20, 2005 to extend the light period for 3 hours.
FIG. 4 shows the experimental results. From this result, in all sizes of 3L, 2L, L, M, S, A, and B, the yield is higher when the fertilizer is premixed in the medium M, and the product fruit yield and the total yield. The yield is higher when the fertilizer is mixed in the medium M in advance. That is, when the amount of fertilizer related to cultivation of the strawberry 1 is mixed in the medium M in advance, the yield is improved as compared with the case where water containing the fertilizer (liquid fertilizer) is stored in the water storage sheet 20.

In addition, in the said embodiment, although the to-be-cultivated object 1 was the strawberry 1, it is not necessarily limited to this, Other fruits, such as melons, and plants, such as vegetables, may be changed suitably. There is no problem.
Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the water absorbing sheet 30 was formed using the polyester fiber, it is not necessarily limited to this, What is necessary is just a water absorptive material, and it may change suitably.

S High cultivation apparatus M Medium H Maximum water level L Minimum water level Ha Predetermined first height La Predetermined second height 1 Cultivated matter (strawberry)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1a Root part 10 Medium holding sheet 11 End part 20 Reservoir sheet 21 End part 30 Water absorption sheet 40 Support body 41 Vertical bar 42 Parallel bar 42a Upper parallel bar 42b Lower parallel bar 50 Water supply means 51 Storage tank 52 Water source 53 Water supply pipe 54 Supply pipe 55 Supply Control means 55a Float valve

Claims (7)

Formed with a water-permeable sheet member, bent downward and formed into a U-shaped cross section, and a medium holding sheet for holding a medium on which the cultivated material is planted on the inner side, and formed with a non-water-permeable sheet member and below A water storage sheet that is formed in a U-shaped cross section and accommodates the lower side of the culture medium holding sheet and stores water related to cultivation of the cultivated material, and the culture medium holding sheet and the water storage sheet at a predetermined height above the ground. In the elevated cultivation apparatus provided with a support that supports at a high position, the water stored in the water storage sheet penetrates the medium through the medium holding sheet and is absorbed by the root of the cultivated object.
Water is automatically supplied to the water storage sheet when the water level stored in the water storage sheet reaches the minimum water level, and to the water storage sheet when the water level stored in the water storage sheet reaches the maximum water level. An elevated cultivation apparatus comprising water supply means for automatically stopping the supply of water.   The water supply means includes a storage tank for storing water, a water supply pipe for supplying water from a water source to the storage tank, a supply pipe for supplying water stored in the storage tank to the water storage sheet, and the water storage sheet When the water level stored in the storage tank reaches the minimum water level, water supply from the storage tank is allowed, and when the water level stored in the water storage sheet reaches the maximum water level, water supply from the storage tank 2. The elevated cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising supply control means for disabling the operation.   The supply pipe is connected in communication between the storage tank and the water storage sheet so that the water level of the storage tank and the water level of the water storage sheet are the same, and the supply control means is connected to the water supply pipe. A float valve that closes the water supply pipe when the water level of the storage tank reaches a predetermined first height and opens the water supply pipe when the water level of the storage tank reaches a predetermined second height lower than the predetermined first height. The elevated cultivation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is configured.   The elevated cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a water-absorbing sheet for absorbing water is attached to an inner surface of the medium holding sheet.   The elevated cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the culture medium is made of cedar bark. An elevated cultivation method for cultivating an object to be cultivated using the elevated cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
An amount of fertilizer related to cultivation of the cultivated material is mixed with the medium, and then the medium is held on the medium holding sheet, and then the cultivated material is planted on the medium, and in this state, the water storage means is used to store the water storage. An elevated cultivation method, wherein water is supplied to a sheet, and the cultivated product is cultivated by absorbing water in a root portion of the cultivated product while changing a water level of water stored in the water storage sheet. An elevated cultivation method for cultivating an object to be cultivated using the elevated cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
Immediately after the culture medium is held on the culture medium holding sheet and the planted material is planted on the medium, fertilizer in an amount related to the cultivation of the planted material is fertilized on the surface of the culture medium. An elevated cultivation method, wherein water is supplied to a sheet, and the cultivated product is cultivated by absorbing water in a root portion of the cultivated product while changing a water level of water stored in the water storage sheet.

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