JP2010202607A - Antimicrobial agent of extract of sciadopitys verticillata - Google Patents

Antimicrobial agent of extract of sciadopitys verticillata Download PDF

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JP2010202607A
JP2010202607A JP2009051474A JP2009051474A JP2010202607A JP 2010202607 A JP2010202607 A JP 2010202607A JP 2009051474 A JP2009051474 A JP 2009051474A JP 2009051474 A JP2009051474 A JP 2009051474A JP 2010202607 A JP2010202607 A JP 2010202607A
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extract
bacteria
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Yoko Takeuchi
竹内洋子
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an antimicrobial agent which utilizes an active ingredient of an extract from Sciadopitys verticillata, and is effective to Helicobacter pylori, pimple bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. <P>SOLUTION: A branch, stem, leaf, strobile, bark, trunk and root of Sciadopitys verticillata are used. In the case of solvent extraction, water, alcohols of ethanol or the like, propylene glycol, glycerol or the like is used as a solvent, a liquid extracted from Sciadopitys verticillata is filtered and an extract is obtained. When needed, the solvent is removed, the extract is used as it is, or diluting and/or drying treatment is carried out, and the extract is used as a powdery extract. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本願発明は、コウヤマキから抽出物を有効成分とする、ピロリ菌・ニキビ菌・緑膿菌および黄色ブドウ球菌に有効な抗菌剤に関する。
The present invention relates to an antibacterial agent effective against H. pylori, acne, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, which contains an extract from Kouyamaki as an active ingredient.

コウヤマキからの抽出物が、歯垢予防・除去および歯石沈着防止・溶解に有用なものであること、また、歯周病予防・治療に有用なものであることについては、出願人による特願2005ー203774がある。   Regarding the fact that the extract from Koyamaki is useful for preventing / removing plaque and preventing / dissolving calculus, and also useful for preventing / treating periodontal disease, Japanese Patent Application No. 2005 by the applicant. -203774.

ピロリ菌(Helicobacter pylori、ヘリコバクター・ピロリ)による感染は、昨今、病院等の医療施設・特殊老人養護ホームにおける院内感染、ホテル等の宿泊施設で大きな話題となったが、このピロリ菌は胃粘膜上皮細胞に定着していることから経口感染するものと考えられており、しかも感染者は40代・50代と歳をとるにつれて増加し、その上、近年、慢性胃炎・胃潰瘍・胃癌患者のほとんどが感染していることが判明してきたことから、大きな社会問題となり、特にその対処の重要性が指摘されている。 Infection caused by Helicobacter pylori ( Helicobacter pylori ) has recently become a hot topic in hospitals, hospitals and hospitals, and in accommodation facilities such as hotels. It is considered to be orally infected because it has settled in the cells, and the number of infected people increases with age in their 40s and 50s, and in recent years, most patients with chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers and gastric cancer Since it has been found that it is infected, it has become a major social problem, and the importance of coping with it has been pointed out.

ピロリ菌による疾患が現れるのは、保菌者の約3割、残りの7割は感染しながらも疾患症状が現れない健康保菌者と考えられている。
ピロリ菌による感染の治療法即ち除菌法には改良が続けられ、現在では抗生物質2種を含めた3剤併用治療が行われている。
The disease caused by H. pylori appears to be about 30% of carriers and the remaining 70% are healthy carriers who are infected but do not show disease symptoms.
Improvements have been made in the treatment method for H. pylori infection, that is, the eradication method, and three-drug combination treatment including two antibiotics is currently performed.

青少年少女層に特有の皮膚疾患としてニキビがあり、重症なものになると治癒後にも傷痕が残る場合も多く、特に結婚前の青少年少女にとっては、縁談に支障を来す事情になりかねないことから、精神的にダメージの大きな問題となるばかりでなく、日常生活にも多大な影響を及ぼしかねない問題である。
このため、ニキビの予防・治療に関しては、技術の進歩を反映しながら種々の予防法・治療法が提唱されてきている。
ニキビの原因としては、毛穴に残存しがちな古い角質、過剰な脂肪、それに細菌が考えられ、特に皮膚に常に存在するいわゆる常在菌と言われる細菌のなかのニキビ菌と通称されている細菌が考えられている。
また、ニキビ菌は毛穴に詰まった皮脂や皮膚の表面にたまった古い角質に繁殖する。
したがって、ニキビの予防・治療には、まず、常に皮膚を清潔にすること、脂肪分の多い食べ物を過剰に摂取しないことが大切であるが、ニキビ菌そのものの発生を押さえることも肝要である。
Acne is a skin disease peculiar to the youth and girl group, and if it becomes severe, scars often remain after healing, especially for youth girls before marriage, which may interfere with the talk. It is not only a serious problem of mental damage but also a problem that can have a great impact on daily life.
For this reason, various prevention methods and treatment methods have been proposed for the prevention and treatment of acne while reflecting the advancement of technology.
The causes of acne are old keratin that tends to remain in pores, excess fat, and bacteria, especially bacteria that are commonly called acne bacteria among so-called resident bacteria that are always present in the skin Is considered.
Acne bacteria also propagate in sebum clogged in pores and old keratin collected on the surface of the skin.
Therefore, in order to prevent and treat acne, it is important to always clean the skin and not to consume excessively fatty foods, but it is also important to suppress the occurrence of acne itself.

常在菌そのものは肌にとって必要なものであるが、増え過ぎるとニキビ等の肌のトラブルを起しかねないものでもある。
ニキビ菌と言われる常在菌の中には、アクネ菌・黄色ブドウ状菌・マセラチア菌等があり、特にアクネ菌(Propionibacterium acnes)はその筆頭にあげられている。
Indigenous bacteria itself is necessary for the skin, but if it increases too much, it may cause skin problems such as acne.
Among the indigenous bacteria called acne bacteria, there are acne bacteria, yellow grape-like bacteria, maseratia bacteria, etc., and particularly, Acne bacteria ( Propionibacterium acnes ) are listed at the top of the list.

緑膿菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)は、ピロリ菌と同様、院内感染や日和見感染の原因菌として医学上重要視されている。
緑膿菌は、消毒液や抗生物質に対する抵抗力がもともと高い上に、後天的に薬剤耐性を獲得したものが多いため、一旦発症すると治療が困難となる場合が多い。
緑膿菌はグラム陰性好気性桿菌に属する真正細菌の一種で、自然環境中に存在する代表的は常在菌であり、ヒトに対する病原性があり、健常者に感染することは殆どないが、免疫力の低下した人には感染(日和見感染)する特徴を有する。
また、他の病原菌と比べて、発育には特殊な栄養源を必要としないため、増殖し易いのが特徴である。
さらに、緑膿菌はバイオフィルムを生活の場として、その内部で効率良く増殖・生存し、一方バイオフィルムは物質表面に強く付着するため、その内部で生存している菌(緑膿菌)は、むき出しの状態に比べると、洗い流したり剥がしたりするなどの機械的な除去に対して強くなり、さらに、消毒薬などの薬剤がバイオフィルムを通してバイオフィルム内部に浸透することが困難なため薬剤に強くなり、その上バイオフィルム内部に存在するため他の微生物に捕食されることも少ない。
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa ), like Helicobacter pylori, is considered medically important as a causative bacterium for nosocomial and opportunistic infections.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa has high resistance to disinfectants and antibiotics, and many have acquired drug resistance. Therefore, once it develops, it is often difficult to treat.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a kind of eubacteria belonging to the Gram-negative aerobic gonococcus, and is typically a resident bacteria that exists in the natural environment, is pathogenic to humans, and hardly infects healthy people. Persons with reduced immunity are characterized by infection (opportunistic infection).
In addition, compared with other pathogenic bacteria, it does not require a special nutrient source for growth, and is characterized by being easy to grow.
In addition, Pseudomonas aeruginosa grows and survives efficiently inside the biofilm as a place of life, while the biofilm adheres strongly to the surface of the substance, so the bacteria that live inside (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) Compared to the bare state, it is more resistant to mechanical removal such as washing away or peeling, and it is more resistant to chemicals because it is difficult for drugs such as disinfectants to penetrate into the biofilm through the biofilm. In addition, since it exists inside the biofilm, it is rarely preyed on by other microorganisms.

緑膿菌は、さまざまな蛋白質を菌体外に分泌しており、この中には外毒素、溶血素や分泌酵素として作用するものがあり、これらが緑膿菌の病原性と密接な関連性を有している。
溶血素や分泌酵素は、感染部位の組織を破壊し、さらなる細菌に侵入や増殖を容易にするとともに、出血や壊死などを引き起こす病原因子として働くことになる。
Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes various proteins outside the cells, some of which act as exotoxins, hemolysins and secreted enzymes, which are closely related to the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. have.
Hemolysin and secretory enzymes destroy the tissue at the site of infection, facilitate entry and growth of additional bacteria, and act as pathogenic agents that cause bleeding and necrosis.

緑膿菌に対しては、逆性石鹸などの消毒薬が古くから使用されてきたが、緑膿菌は自然耐性が強く、消毒液の濃度が低い場合には、その消毒液の中で増殖することもあることも知られている。
また、緑膿菌は後出の黄色ブドウ球菌と同様、副鼻腔疾患からの検出菌として検出量の多い菌として検出されていることから、臨床的意義を重く見るべきだという意見が多く報告されている。
緑膿菌に投与された抗生物質の中には、使用により獲得耐性が生まれ、無効化された抗生物質もある程である。
For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, disinfectants such as reverse soap have been used for a long time, but Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly resistant to nature and grows in the disinfectant when the concentration of the disinfectant is low. It is also known that sometimes.
As Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been detected as a large amount of bacteria detected from sinus disease, as in the following Staphylococcus aureus, many opinions have been reported that its clinical significance should be regarded heavily. ing.
Among the antibiotics administered to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, there are some antibiotics that have acquired resistance and have been nullified by use.

また、医療施設の院内感染が臨床上の大きな問題となっている。
黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)が耐性化すると、メチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌(Methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus、以下「MRSA」という。)となることから、医療施設や特殊老人養護ホームにおいて常在菌である黄色ブドウ球菌の除菌処置は重要な問題である。
黄色ブドウ球菌の病原性はMRSAとほぼ同等とも言われ、健常者においても皮膚・軟部組織感染症などを起し得るものであり、近年では、健康な人においてもごく一般的な感染症の起炎菌として発見されることもあり、医療施設から街中へと広がってきていると言われている。
In addition, nosocomial infections in medical facilities are a major clinical problem.
When Staphylococcus aureus becomes resistant, it becomes methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (hereinafter referred to as “MRSA”). Staphylococcal disinfection is an important issue.
The virulence of Staphylococcus aureus is said to be almost equivalent to MRSA, and it can cause skin and soft tissue infections even in healthy individuals. In recent years, the occurrence of very common infections in healthy people is also possible. It is said that it has spread from medical facilities to the whole city as it has been discovered as a flame bacterium.

上記、ピロリ菌、ニキビ菌、緑膿菌および黄色ブドウ球菌に対して有効な物質や抗菌剤が化学的に作り上げられ治療に用いられているが、ともすると一般に人は化学的に創製された物質や抗菌剤よりも身近にある天然物由来の物質や抗菌剤を好む傾向があり、特に昨今は、抗生物質に対して薬剤耐性を獲得した細菌について云々されることもあり、また近年の自然指向の高まりから、抗菌性の高い天然物由来の抗菌剤が望まれてきており、その要請も高まってきている。   Substances and antibacterial agents that are effective against H. pylori, acne, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus are chemically created and used for treatment. There is a tendency to prefer natural-derived substances and antibacterial agents that are more familiar than antibacterial agents and antibacterial agents, and in recent years, there have been many comments about bacteria that have acquired drug resistance against antibiotics. As a result of this increase, antibacterial agents derived from natural products with high antibacterial properties have been desired, and the demand for such antibacterial agents has also increased.

以上のような鑑点から、本願発明者は、既に、歯垢予防・除去および歯石沈着防止・溶解、ならびに歯周病予防・治療に有用なことが実証されたコウヤマキからの抽出液を用い、上記諸細菌に関し、抗菌活性について試験を行い、有用なことを確認した。
From the above point of view, the present inventor has already used an extract from Kouyamaki that has been proven to be useful for preventing and removing plaque and preventing and dissolving tartar deposition, and for preventing and treating periodontal disease. The above bacteria were tested for antibacterial activity and confirmed to be useful.

特願2005ー203774Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-203774

本願発明の課題は、上記のような事情のもとで考えだされたもので、コウヤマキ科の枝・茎・葉・球果・樹皮・樹幹および根から抽出処理して得られる抽出物が有する有効成分を利用した、ピロリ菌、ニキビ菌の一種であるアクネ菌、緑膿菌および黄色ブドウ球菌に有効な抗菌剤を提供することにある。
The subject of the present invention has been conceived under the circumstances as described above, and has an extract obtained by extraction processing from branches, stems, leaves, cones, bark, tree trunks and roots of the Komaki family. It is an object to provide an antibacterial agent effective against H. pylori, acne, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, which are active ingredients and use H. pylori.

本願発明者は、鋭意探究した結果、コウヤマキ科の枝・茎・葉・球果・樹皮・樹幹および根から抽出処理して得られる抽出物が、歯科医療関係において顕著な効果があることを見いだした(特願2005ー203774)が、さらなる研究探究の結果、上記抽出物が、ピロリ菌、ニキビ菌の一種であるアクネ菌、緑膿菌および黄色ブドウ球菌にも極めて有効な薬効を発揮しうることを見いだし、本願発明に至ったものである。
As a result of diligent research, the inventor of the present application has found that an extract obtained by extracting from branches, stems, leaves, cones, bark, tree trunks and roots of the Koyamai family has a remarkable effect in dentistry. (Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-203774), however, as a result of further research and investigation, the above extract can exert an extremely effective medicinal effect on H. pylori, a kind of acne, acne, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. As a result, the present invention has been achieved.

本願発明者は、花瓶に長期間入れられ放置され、半ば乾燥したコウヤマキの球果に大きな樹液の塊ができていることを見つけ・注視し、何かの薬効があるのではないかと、種々の抽出方法を試行し、さらに様々の分野に薬効を試みた結果、歯科関係に薬効が顕著なことを見い出し、さらに、今回、ピロリ菌、ニキビ菌の一種であるアクネ菌、緑膿菌および黄色ブドウ球菌にも極めて有効な抗菌剤となりうることを見いだしたものである。   The inventor of the present application finds and observes that a large lump of sap is left in the vase for a long time in a vase and is semi-dried, and there are various medicinal effects. As a result of trials of extraction methods and further medicinal effects in various fields, it was found that the medicinal effects were prominent in dental relations. Furthermore, acne, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and yellow grapes, which are a type of H. pylori and acne, It has been found that it can be an extremely effective antibacterial agent against cocci.

ピロリ菌(Helicobacter pylori)、アクネ菌(Propionibacterium acnes)の抗菌力試験を次のように行なった。
上記両菌を塗布した平板培地の上部4ヵ所に検体1(コウヤマキ抽出液)を滴下し、培養後、発育阻止の有無を観察した。
なお、検体1(コウヤマキ抽出液)との比較検体として、コウヤマキを抽出する際に使用したエタノールを検体2として、検体1と同様の試験を行った。
その結果を、下記表1および培養終了後の試験用平板培地の写真を、ピロリ菌に関して図1・図2に、アクネ菌に関して図3・図4に示す。
これらの結果から、ピロリ菌に対しては相当の抗菌力があり、またアクネ菌に対しても相応の抗菌力があることが判る。
また、これらの細菌は、定着患部において口内炎細菌のようなバイオフィルムとはなっていないので、本願発明の抗菌剤は、これらの細菌に対し、より大きな抗菌力を発揮するものと期待される。
Antibacterial activity tests of Helicobacter pylori and Propionibacterium acnes were performed as follows.
Specimen 1 (Koyamaki extract) was dropped into the upper four places of the plate medium coated with both of the above bacteria, and the presence or absence of growth inhibition was observed after culturing.
In addition, the test similar to the sample 1 was done by using as the sample 2 the ethanol used when extracting Koyamaki as a sample for comparison with the sample 1 (Koyamaki extract).
The results are shown in Table 1 below and photographs of the test plate medium after completion of culture in FIGS. 1 and 2 for H. pylori and FIGS. 3 and 4 for P. acne.
From these results, it can be seen that there is a considerable antibacterial activity against H. pylori and a corresponding antibacterial activity against Acne.
In addition, since these bacteria are not biofilms such as stomatitis bacteria in the affected affected area, the antibacterial agent of the present invention is expected to exert a greater antibacterial activity against these bacteria.

試験方法は以下の通りである。
検体
検体1:コウヤマキ68%エタノール抽出液
コウヤマキの葉と枝(25:4)の 500g を 68%エタノール 3l に3ヶ月浸漬して作製
検体2:エタノール
試験用培地
BA培地: 5%馬脱繊維血液添加 Blood Agar Base No.2(0X0ID)
GAMA培地:GAM寒天培地[日本製薬株式会社]
GAMB培地:GAMブイヨン培地[日本製薬株式会社]
試験菌
試験菌1
試験菌(Helicobacter pylori)をBA培地で37℃±1℃、3〜4日間微好気培養後、再度BA培地で37℃±1℃、3〜4日間微好気培養し、菌体を生理食塩水に浮遊させ、菌数が約107/ml となるように調整し、菌液とした。
試験菌2
試験菌(Propionibacterium acnes)をGAMA培地で37℃±1℃、3〜4日間嫌気培養後、GAMB培地で37℃±1℃、22〜26時間嫌気培養した試験菌をGAMB培地を用いて、菌数が約107/ml となるように調整し、菌液とした。
試験用平板培地の作製
試験菌1用
BA培地をシャーレに15ml分注して固化させた後、菌液 0.1 ml を塗布し、試験用平板培地とした。
試験菌2用
GAMA培地をシャーレに15ml分注して固化させた後、菌液 0.1 ml を塗布し、試験用平板培地とした。
試験操作
試験用平板培地上の4ヵ所に検体 10μl を滴下し、試験菌1は37℃±1℃、4日間微好気培養後、試験菌2は37℃±1℃、2日間嫌気培養後、発育阻止の有無を肉眼観察により判定した。
なお、菌液の生菌数を、試験菌1はBA培地を用いた平板塗沫培養法(37℃±1℃、4日間微好気培養)、試験菌2はGAMA培地を用いた混釈平板培養法(37℃±1℃、2〜3日間嫌気培養)により測定し、試験用平板培地1枚当たりの菌濃度に換算した。
The test method is as follows.
Specimen Specimen 1: Kouyamaki 68% ethanol extract
Prepared by dipping 500g of Koyamaki leaves and branches (25: 4) in 3L of 68% ethanol for 3 months Sample 2: Ethanol test medium
BA medium: 5% equine defibrinated blood added Blood Agar Base No.2 (0X0ID)
GAMA medium: GAM agar medium [Nippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.]
GAMB medium: GAM bouillon medium [Nippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.]
Test bacteria Test bacteria 1
Test bacteria ( Helicobacter pylori ) in BA medium at 37 ° C ± 1 ° C for 3-4 days, then microaerobically cultured in BA medium again at 37 ° C ± 1 ° C for 3-4 days. The suspension was suspended in a saline solution and adjusted so that the number of bacteria was about 10 7 / ml to obtain a bacterial solution.
Test bacteria 2
Test bacteria ( Propionibacterium acnes ) were anaerobically cultured in GAMA medium at 37 ° C ± 1 ° C for 3-4 days and then anaerobically cultured in GAMB medium at 37 ° C ± 1 ° C for 22-26 hours using GAMB medium. The number was adjusted to about 10 7 / ml to obtain a bacterial solution.
Preparation of test plate medium For test bacteria 1
After 15 ml of BA medium was dispensed into a petri dish and solidified, 0.1 ml of the bacterial solution was applied to make a test plate medium.
For test bacteria 2
After 15 ml of GAMA medium was dispensed into a petri dish and solidified, 0.1 ml of the bacterial solution was applied to make a test plate medium.
Test procedure Drop 10 μl of the sample into 4 locations on the test plate medium, test bacteria 1 after microaerobic culture at 37 ° C ± 1 ° C for 4 days, test bacteria 2 after anaerobic culture at 37 ° C ± 1 ° C for 2 days The presence or absence of growth inhibition was determined by visual observation.
In addition, the number of viable bacteria in the bacterial solution, the test bacteria 1 is a plate smear culture method using a BA medium (37 ° C ± 1 ° C, microaerobic culture for 4 days), the test bacteria 2 is a mixture using a GAMA medium It measured by the plate culture method (37 degreeC +/- 1 degreeC, anaerobic culture for 2 to 3 days), and converted into the microbe density | concentration per test plate culture medium.

緑膿菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)の抗菌活性試験を次のように行なった。
その結果を、下記表2に示す。
なお、表2には、殆どの人が保菌している大腸菌(Escherichia coli)に対する試験結果も、比較参考のため、記載した。
これらの結果から、緑膿菌に対しては顕著な抗菌活性があり、黄色ブドウ球菌に対しても相当な抗菌活性があることが判る。
Antibacterial activity tests for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were performed as follows.
The results are shown in Table 2 below.
In Table 2, test results for Escherichia coli carried by most people are also shown for comparison.
From these results, it can be seen that there is remarkable antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and considerable antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

試料には、抽出液である試料Aの他、試料Aに混入していると予測される夾雑物をゲル濾過して除去するとともにゲル濾過して得られた第2ピークおよび第1ピークの分画した試料を用いた。
ゲル濾過は、Sephacryl(登録商標) S-100 High Resolution(Amersham Bioscience, Uppsala, Sweden)を Column C 26/100(Amersham)に充填し、試料 25 ml を供した。溶出には 0.05M Tris-HCL buffer(pH 7.5)を用いて 15 ml ずつ分画した。
試料A:コウヤマキ(葉25:枝4、500g)を68%エタノール(3l)に3ヶ月浸漬した抽出液
試料B:試料Aをゲル濾過して得られた第2ピークの凍結乾燥標品
試料B1:試料Bを 60%エタノールで溶解したもの
試料B2:試料Bを 0.05M phosphate buffer saline(pH 7.5) で溶解、16倍に希釈したもの
試料C: 試料Bと同様にゲル濾過して得られた第1ピークの凍結乾燥標品を、さらに 60%エタノールで溶解したもの
試験菌
試験菌1:Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145
試験菌2:Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600
抗菌活性測定用培地
TSAY: 0.5% yeast extract(Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI, USA)を含む trypticase soy agar(BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, MD, USA)平板
TSBY: 0.5% yeast extract(Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI, USA)を含む trypticase soy broth(BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, MD, USA)平板
試験操作および抗菌活性の測定
TSBY平板で 16時間培養した試験菌 100μl を、溶解して54℃に保っている soft agar 6ml に滴下して混和後、TSAY平板上に流し固めた。次に、試料液の2倍連続希釈液 10μl ずつ滴下して 24時間培養した(図2)。
抗菌活性(数値)は、阻止が認められた滴下部位に滴下した液の最大希釈の逆数(Arbitrary unit、以下 AU という。)で表示した。図2においては、128倍希釈の場合まで、阻止が確認できるので、抗菌活性は 128 AU ということになる。
In addition to sample A, which is an extract, the sample includes gel filtration to remove contaminants that are expected to be mixed in sample A, and the second peak and the first peak obtained by gel filtration. The cut sample was used.
For gel filtration, Sephacryl® S-100 High Resolution (Amersham Bioscience, Uppsala, Sweden) was packed in Column C 26/100 (Amersham), and a 25 ml sample was provided. Elution was carried out with 15 ml fractions using 0.05 M Tris-HCL buffer (pH 7.5).
Sample A: Extract obtained by immersing Kouyamaki (leaf 25: branch 4, 500 g) in 68% ethanol (3 l) for 3 months Sample B: Second peak freeze-dried sample obtained by gel filtration of sample A Sample B1 : Sample B dissolved in 60% ethanol Sample B2: Sample B dissolved in 0.05M phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.5) and diluted 16 times Sample C: Obtained by gel filtration in the same manner as Sample B 1st peak freeze-dried preparation further dissolved in 60% ethanol Test Bacteria Test Bacteria 1: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145
Test bacteria 2: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600
Antibacterial activity measurement medium
TSAY: trypticase soy agar (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, MD, USA) plate containing 0.5% yeast extract (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI, USA)
TSBY: trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, MD, USA) plate containing 0.5% yeast extract (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI, USA)
100 μl of the test bacteria cultured on the TSBY plate for 16 hours was added dropwise to 6 ml of soft agar dissolved and kept at 54 ° C., mixed and poured onto the TSAY plate. Next, 10 μl of 2-fold serial dilution of the sample solution was added dropwise and cultured for 24 hours (FIG. 2).
The antibacterial activity (numerical value) was expressed as the reciprocal (Arbitrary unit, hereinafter referred to as AU) of the maximum dilution of the liquid dropped on the dripping site where inhibition was observed. In FIG. 2, since the inhibition can be confirmed up to 128-fold dilution, the antibacterial activity is 128 AU.

ピロリ菌(Helicobacter pylori)に検体1(コウヤマキ抽出液)を滴下した場合の培養終了時の試験用平板培地の写真である。It is a photograph of the test plate medium at the end of the culture when specimen 1 (Koyamaki extract) is dropped into Helicobacter pylori . ピロリ菌(Helicobacter pylori)に検体2(エタノール)を滴下した場合の培養終了時の試験用平板培地の写真である。It is a photograph of the plate medium for a test at the time of completion | finish of culture | cultivation at the time of test substance 2 (ethanol) being dripped at Helicobacter pylori . アクネ菌(Propionibacterium acnes)に検体1(コウヤマキ抽出液)を滴下した場合の培養終了時の試験用平板培地の写真である。It is the photograph of the test plate culture medium at the time of completion | finish of culture | cultivation at the time of the test substance 1 (Koyamaki extract) being dripped at acne bacteria ( Propionibacterium acnes ). アクネ菌(Propionibacterium acnes)に検体2(エタノール)を滴下した場合の培養終了時の試験用平板培地の写真である。It is a photograph of the test plate medium at the end of the culture when specimen 2 (ethanol) is added dropwise to Propionibacterium acnes . 抗菌活性を、単位:AU で表示する際の試験例を示す写真である。It is a photograph which shows the test example at the time of displaying antibacterial activity by unit: AU.

抽出原料に使用するコウヤマキは、高野槙・ほんまき・本槙とも記述され、学名「Sciadopitys verticillata」、植物学上は、裸子植物門(PINOPHYTA)、マツ綱(PINOPSIDA)、マツ目(PINALES)、コウヤマキ科(SCIADOPITYACEAE)、コウヤマキ属(Sciadopytys)に属する植物であって、かって地球上広範囲に生育していたものが、現在では日本国だけに取り残されて生育している植物である。   Kouyamaki used as the raw material for the extraction is also described as Takano Kaoru, Honmaki, Motosaki, and the scientific name is `` Sciadopitys verticillata ''. Plants belonging to the family (SCIADOPITYACEAE) and the genus Sciadopytys, which have grown extensively on the earth, are now plants that are left behind and grown only in Japan.

なお、コウヤマキは、その属する科について、「スギ科」あるいは「マツ科」等種々論争があったが、最近では分子生物学的系統進化の見地から1属1種のコウヤマキ科として分類されるようになっている、植物学上も特異な存在の植物である。   In addition, although Koyamaki has various disputes about the family to which it belongs, such as "Sugi family" or "Pinaceae", it seems to be classified as a kind of Koyamaki family from the viewpoint of molecular biological system evolution recently. It is a unique plant in botany.

抽出原料としては、コウヤマキの枝・茎・葉・球果・樹皮・樹幹および根を使用し、乾燥度合は問題とならない。
さらに、統一的に小さく裁断されたものが望ましく、特に樹の場合は粉砕したものが好ましい。
As the raw material for extraction, branches, stems, leaves, cones, bark, tree trunks and roots of Koyamaki are used, and the degree of dryness is not a problem.
Furthermore, it is desirable that the material is uniformly cut into small pieces, and in the case of trees, pulverized ones are preferable.

抽出原料からの抽出方法には、溶媒抽出と乾溜抽出とがあるが、溶媒抽出の方が簡便であることから多用される。
溶媒抽出の場合、溶媒としては、極性溶媒を用いるのが望ましく、例えば、水・水性溶媒・親水性有機溶媒等が挙げられ、これらは単独または2種以上を適宜組合わせて用いられる。
Extraction methods from extraction raw materials include solvent extraction and dry distillation extraction, and are frequently used because solvent extraction is simpler.
In the case of solvent extraction, it is desirable to use a polar solvent as the solvent, and examples thereof include water, an aqueous solvent, a hydrophilic organic solvent, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

抽出溶媒として用いる水・水性溶媒としては、飲用に供される水の他、日常使用・利用する各種の水や、精製水・リン酸カリウム緩衝液・リン酸ナトリウム緩衝液・生理食塩水等も用いることができる。   Examples of water and aqueous solvents used as extraction solvents include drinking water, various types of water used and used daily, purified water, potassium phosphate buffer, sodium phosphate buffer, physiological saline, etc. Can be used.

抽出溶媒として用いる親水性有機溶媒としては、メタノール・エタノール等のアルコール類の他、プロピレングルコール、グリセリン等、また、エチルエーテル・トルエン・ヘキサン等を使用することができる。   As the hydrophilic organic solvent used as the extraction solvent, propylene glycol, glycerin, etc., ethyl ether, toluene, hexane, etc. can be used in addition to alcohols such as methanol and ethanol.

具体的な操作手順としては、公知となっている方式である溶媒を還流させる抽出装置を用いて1〜10時間程度の加熱処理すればよく、また、熱水あるいは常温の水中に抽出原料を浸漬させても良い。
浸漬時間は、使用する溶媒、溶媒の濃度、溶媒の温度等によって変動する。
装置不要の最も簡便な方法は、果実酒用のアルコール濃度35%の焼酎に、1ヶ月程度浸漬する方法である。長期間かけて抽出する場合は、浸漬中は時々容器を振ったり、撹拌することが望ましい。抽出後は、濾過して抽出液を得る。
抽出原料と溶媒の量の関係は、溶媒の濃度等にも関係するが、実施例として、後述する。
As a specific operation procedure, it may be heat-treated for about 1 to 10 hours using an extraction device that refluxes the solvent, which is a known method, and the extraction raw material is immersed in hot water or normal temperature water. You may let them.
The immersion time varies depending on the solvent used, the concentration of the solvent, the temperature of the solvent, and the like.
The simplest method that does not require an apparatus is a method of immersing in a shochu liquor with an alcohol concentration of 35% for fruit wine for about one month. When extracting over a long period of time, it is desirable to occasionally shake or stir the container during immersion. After extraction, it is filtered to obtain an extract.
The relationship between the amount of the extraction raw material and the solvent is related to the concentration of the solvent and the like, but will be described later as an example.

こうして得られた抽出液は、人体に悪影響のない溶剤の場合は、そのままあるいは希釈して使用することもできるが、さらに、公知の方法で減圧濃縮して抽出物として使用することもでき、さらに乾燥し、粉末状の抽出物とし、植物エキス乾燥物として使用することもできる。
さらに、使用に供する際の使用態様・剤形としては、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、固形状・粉状・液状・ゲル状(ペースト状)・液状剤・ゲル剤・固形剤(例えば錠剤・散剤・顆粒剤・カプセル剤)・粉末・スプレー剤・ムース剤等、使用用途に応じて種々選択でき、これらへの加工・製剤化は常套的な方法によって行われる。
なお、本願発明の抽出物は、独特の苦味・渋味・色合い等を有することから、適宜甘味料・香味料・着色料を添加することが望ましい。
In the case of a solvent that does not adversely affect the human body, the extract thus obtained can be used as it is or after dilution, but it can also be used as an extract after being concentrated under reduced pressure by a known method. It can also be dried to obtain a powdery extract and used as a dried plant extract.
Furthermore, the use mode / dosage form for use is not particularly limited, and for example, solid, powder, liquid, gel (paste), liquid, gel, solid (for example, Tablets, powders, granules, capsules), powders, sprays, mousses, and the like can be selected depending on the intended use, and processing and formulation into these are performed by conventional methods.
In addition, since the extract of the present invention has a unique bitterness, astringency, hue, and the like, it is desirable to add sweeteners, flavors, and coloring agents as appropriate.

なお、本願発明にかかる抗菌剤は、本願発明にかかる抽出物からなるものであっても、また、それを有効成分として含有するものであっても良く、本願発明の効果を損なわないかぎり、公知の若しくは将来公知となりうる他の薬効のある成分を組み合わせることもできる。   The antibacterial agent according to the present invention may be composed of the extract according to the present invention, or may contain it as an active ingredient, and is known as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Or other medicinal ingredients that may become known in the future.

以下、実施例により本願発明を具体的に説明するが、本願発明はこれらによって何ら制限をうけるものではない。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples. However, the present invention is not limited by these examples.

もっとも簡単な抽出方法は、次の通りである。
コウヤマキの葉を750g、茎を250gを、アルコール濃度35%の果実酒用焼酎 3リットルに、常温で1ヶ月以上浸漬し、時折、瓶を振ったり、内容物を撹拌する。
1ヶ月程度の浸漬で、強くはないが独特の臭・苦味・渋味を有する、濃い茶色の抽出液が得られる。
The simplest extraction method is as follows.
Immerse 750 g of Koyamaki leaves and 250 g of stems in 3 liters of shochu for fruit liquor with an alcohol concentration of 35% for more than 1 month at room temperature. Occasionally shake the bottle or stir the contents.
A dark brown extract with a unique odor, bitterness and astringency, but not strong, is obtained after immersion for about one month.

エタノールを使用した抽出方法(例1)は、次の通りである。
コウヤマキの葉を375g、茎を125gを、アルコール濃度80%程度のエタノール 3リットルに、常温で1ヶ月以上浸漬し、時折、瓶を振ったり、内容物を撹拌する。
1ヶ月程度の浸漬で、独特の臭・苦味・渋味を有する、暗緑色の抽出液が得られる。
本実施例の場合は、実施例1に比べアルコール濃度が高いこともあって、実施例1に比べると、独特の臭・苦味・渋味もやや強いものとなる。
The extraction method using ethanol (Example 1) is as follows.
375 g of Koyamaki leaves and 125 g of stems are immersed in 3 liters of ethanol with an alcohol concentration of about 80% at room temperature for one month or longer. Occasionally shake the bottle or stir the contents.
A dark green extract with unique odor, bitterness and astringency can be obtained by immersion for about one month.
In the case of this example, the alcohol concentration is higher than that in Example 1, and compared to Example 1, the unique odor, bitterness and astringency are somewhat strong.

エタノールを使用した抽出方法(例2)は、次の通りで、今回の抗菌力試験に使用した抽出液である。
コウヤマキの葉を430g、茎を70gを、アルコール濃度68%のエタノール 3リットルに、常温で3ヶ月浸漬し、時折、瓶を振ったり、内容物を撹拌する。
本実施例の場合は、実施例2に比べると、アルコール濃度がやや低いが、浸漬期間が長いこともあって、実施例2とほぼ同等の臭・苦味・渋味のものが得られる。
The extraction method using ethanol (Example 2) is as follows, and is the extract used in this antibacterial activity test.
430 g of Koyamaki leaves and 70 g of stems are immersed in 3 liters of ethanol with an alcohol concentration of 68% at room temperature for 3 months, occasionally shaking the bottle or stirring the contents.
In the case of this example, the alcohol concentration is slightly lower than that of Example 2, but the soaking time is almost the same as that of Example 2 because the soaking period is long.

抗菌剤として医療分野や日常生活に有益なものであり、それも広範囲に適用できる。   As an antibacterial agent, it is useful in the medical field and daily life, and it can be applied in a wide range.

Claims (4)

水及び又は有機溶媒に、コウヤマキ科の枝・茎・葉・球果・樹皮・樹幹および根を浸漬し、抽出処理して得られる抽出物、を有効成分とする、抗菌剤であって、ニキビ菌の一種であるアクネ菌に有効な抗菌剤   An antibacterial agent comprising, as an active ingredient, an extract obtained by immersing branches, stems, leaves, cones, bark, tree trunks, and roots of Koyamaceae in water and / or organic solvents, Antibacterial agent effective against acne bacteria, a type of fungus 請求項1記載の抽出物を有効成分とする抗菌剤であって、ピロリ菌に有効な抗菌剤   An antibacterial agent comprising the extract according to claim 1 as an active ingredient, which is effective against H. pylori 請求項1記載の抽出物を有効成分とする抗菌剤であって、緑膿菌に有効な抗菌剤   An antibacterial agent comprising the extract according to claim 1 as an active ingredient, which is effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 請求項1記載の抽出物を有効成分とする抗菌剤であって、黄色ブドウ球菌に有効な抗菌剤   An antibacterial agent comprising the extract according to claim 1 as an active ingredient, which is effective against Staphylococcus aureus
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