JP2010191559A - Information transmission method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an information transmission method for transmitting information other than newspaper articles such as advertisement, announcement, notice and job offer in a newspaper to be delivered to each house, which effectively utilizes a newspaper delivery staff as an information transmitting organization to enhance the efficiency of transmission of the information based on a situation that newspaper subscribers are reduced. <P>SOLUTION: The method includes steps of: printing the newspaper 1 containing only the newspaper articles 3 and a free paper 2 containing only information 4 other than newspaper articles such as advertisement, announcement, notice and job offer, separately; delivering both the newspaper 1 and the free paper 2 to the newspaper delivery staff; and causing a deliverer of the newspaper delivery staff to deliver the free paper 2 to a house Hb other than subscribers at which the free paper 2 can be input to a letter box or newspaper box, while delivering the news paper 1 and the free paper 2 to a house Ha of the subscribers. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention belongs to a technical field related to transmission of information using newspapers delivered as a medium.

  In recent years, the number of newspaper subscribers has decreased, and the efficiency of information transmission using newspapers delivered as a medium has declined. For this reason, leaflets on which the above information is printed are delivered to each other by delivery members of delivery organizations other than newspaper dealers, and the above information is distributed over the Internet. However, it is a big social loss that newspaper dealers who have physical and human equipment for delivering newspapers and have accumulated business know-how for a long time will not function as an information transmission organization. It is a social urgent task to improve the efficiency of information transmission by functioning effectively as an information transmission organization.

  One reason for the decrease in the number of newspaper subscribers is that the editorial style of newspapers remains mainly the old-fashioned monochrome photography and text. And the existence of advertisements that occupy a considerable area of paper is pointed out as a hindrance to the innovation of newspaper editorial style.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for example, the following technologies are known as techniques aimed at effectively functioning a newspaper store as an information transmission organization.

In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-247545, an IC chip is attached to a delivery destination newspaper receiver or the like, and information stored in the IC chip is read when a newspaper dealer delivers a newspaper. A delivery system is described that carries a terminal, reads information stored in an IC chip for each delivery destination of a newspaper, and transmits the information to a management server.

  The delivery system according to Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-259561 accurately identifies the delivery of newspapers by constructing a delivery management system that can electronically identify and record each delivery destination of newspapers and prevent non-delivery and misdelivery of newspapers. It is intended to ensure that newspaper stores function effectively as an information transmission organization, ensuring security and certainty.

  In the delivery system according to Patent Document 1, although the newspaper dealer can function effectively as an information transmission organization in terms of accuracy and certainty of information transmission, the number of newspaper subscribers is decreasing. In view of this, there is a problem that it is not possible to make a newspaper store function effectively as an information transmission organization so that the above-described information transmission efficiency can be improved. In addition, there is a problem that it is a technology unrelated to the innovation of newspaper editorial style.

  The present invention has been made in consideration of such problems, and in view of the situation that the number of newspaper subscribers is decreasing, so that the efficiency of information transmission can be improved. It is an object of the present invention to provide an information transmission method capable of effectively functioning a newspaper store as an information transmission organization and capable of renovating a newspaper editing style.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the information transmission method according to the present invention employs means described in each of the claims.

 That is, according to claim 1, a newspaper in which only newspaper articles are published and a free paper in which only information other than newspaper articles such as advertisements, announcements, announcements, job offers, etc. are printed, and the newspaper and free paper are printed. The newspaper dealer delivers the newspaper and free paper to the subscriber's delivery destination, and is free to receive mail and newspapers other than the subscriber. And delivering a free paper to a delivery destination that can input the paper.

  In this method, free paper with the above-mentioned information is also delivered at the time of newspaper delivery, and newspapers, free paper, or free paper is delivered to all households in the delivery area of the newspaper store. Regardless of the number of subscribers, the above information can be communicated to all of the newspaper dealer's delivery areas. Further, since information other than newspaper articles such as advertisements, announcements, announcements, and job offers is not published in newspapers, area flexibility is ensured in the editorial style of newspapers.

  Further, according to claim 2, in the information transmission method according to claim 1, an identification number is assigned to the free paper at the stage of printing the free paper, and the delivery person of the newspaper store assigns the identification number at the stage of delivering the free paper. It is characterized in that a terminal having the functions of reading and acquiring position information and recording them is carried, and an identification number is read and position information is obtained at each delivery destination of free paper.

  In this means, each delivery destination of free paper is geographically and electronically identified and recorded by an identification number and a terminal.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the information transmission method of the second aspect, a step of creating a delivery book specifying a delivery destination of the free paper before the step of delivering the free paper, and a terminal device after the delivery of the free paper A step of confirming the delivery of the free paper by outputting a record of reading of the recorded identification number and acquisition of position information is performed.

  In this means, the delivery destination of the free paper that is identified and recorded geographically and electronically is checked against a delivery book prepared in advance.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the information transmission method according to any one of the first to third aspects, the step of inserting another information medium into the newspaper or free paper is executed before the step of delivering the newspaper or free paper. Features.

  With this means, an information medium such as a leaflet inserted in a newspaper is also inserted into free paper.

  The information transmission method according to the present invention also performs delivery of free paper on which the above-mentioned information is described when delivering a newspaper, and delivers the newspaper or free paper to all the houses in the delivery area of the newspaper dealer. Regardless of the number of subscribers, the above information can be communicated to all households in the newspaper dealer's delivery area. It is possible to make the newspaper store function effectively as an information transmission organization so that the transmission efficiency can be increased. In addition, since newspapers do not contain information other than newspaper articles such as advertisements, announcements, announcements, and job offers, the area of freedom of newspaper editing is ensured, so the newspaper editing style may be renovated. There is an effect that can be done.

  Further, as claimed in claim 2, since each delivery destination of the free paper is identified and recorded geographically and electronically by the identification number and the terminal, the delivery destination of the free paper which is information transmission is confirmed later. There is an effect that can.

  Further, as claimed in claim 3, since the delivery destination of the free paper that is identified and recorded geographically and electronically is checked against the delivery book prepared in advance, the non-delivery and erroneous delivery of the free paper can be ensured. There is an effect that can be prevented.

  In addition, since an information medium such as a leaflet inserted in a newspaper is also folded into free paper, the amount of information transmission can be increased.

It is a figure which shows the flow of the step of the operation | work of the 1st example of the best form for implementing the information transmission method which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows the flow of the step of the operation | work of the 2nd example of the best form for implementing the information transmission method which concerns on this invention. It is a block diagram of the hardware of FIG. FIG. 3 is a detailed view of a part of FIG. 2. It is a display figure of the delivery basic ledger data created in FIG. FIG. 3 is a display diagram of delivery request data created in FIG. 2. FIG. 3 is a display diagram of delivery route book data created in FIG. 2. FIG. 3 is a display diagram of a folding list created in FIG. 2. FIG. 3 is a detailed view of another part of FIG. 2. FIG. 3 is a display diagram of delivery data created in FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a detailed view of still another partial stage of FIG. 2.

  Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the information transmission method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a first example of the best mode for carrying out the information transmission method according to the present invention.

  In the first example, four stages S1 to S4 are performed.

  In step S1, a newspaper company (a person who performs an operation for editing the newspaper 1 delivered to each house) or another person edits the newspaper 1 and the free paper 2. The newspaper 1 and the free paper 2 can be edited by different entities.

  In newspaper 1, only newspaper article 3 is posted, and information 4 other than newspaper articles such as advertisement, announcement, announcement, and job offer is not posted. Therefore, there is room in the newspaper 1 and the newspaper article 3 can be configured by novel editing that combines various printing techniques such as color photographs, color illustrations, tables, and graphs. That is, it is expected that the number of subscribers will increase as the editing style of the newspaper 1 is renewed.

  In the free paper 2, only the information 4 described above is published, and the newspaper article 3 is not published.

  Editing of the newspaper 1 and the free paper 2 is usually performed by using DTP (Desk Top Publishing) software on a computer. Therefore, since the newspaper article 3 and the information 4 described above can be collected and easily distributed, the editing cost does not increase.

  The newspaper 1 and the free paper 2 are printed by a newspaper company or a printer. Regarding the printing style of the newspaper 1 and the free paper 2, it is not always necessary to unify the paper quality, size, and the like. As for the number of copies of free paper 2, if newspaper 1 is a national newspaper, the number of subscribers of the newspaper 1 from the total number of households in the country (delivery destinations where the free paper 2 can be put into a mailbox, newspaper receiver, etc.) The number is reduced.

  In step S2, newspaper 1 or free paper 2 printed by a newspaper company or a delivery company is delivered to a newspaper store.

  Regarding the delivery of the newspaper 1 and the free paper 2, it is not necessary to be simultaneous, but time must be taken so that the free paper 2 can be delivered simultaneously on the delivery date of the newspaper 1. The number of distributions of the free paper 2 is the number obtained by subtracting the number of subscribers of the newspaper 1 from the total number of units in the delivery area of the newspaper store.

  In step S3, the newspaper store inserts other information media 5 into the newspaper 1 and the free paper 2, respectively.

  The information medium 5 to be inserted includes various types such as an advertising flyer in which information is printed on paper, a CD, DVD or other thin product sample in which information paper or information is recorded on an electromagnetic recording medium. The information medium 5 is held in the shape of a folded leaflet that is sandwiched between the folded newspaper 1 and the free paper 2. In addition, in order not to damage the characteristics of the newspaper 1 on which the information 4 is not posted, it is possible not to insert the information medium 5 into the newspaper 1 or to limit the types of the information medium 5 to be inserted. .

  In step S4, a delivery person M at a newspaper store delivers newspaper 1 and free paper 2 to delivery destination H.

  The delivery person M carries both the newspaper 1 and the free paper 2 and delivers the newspaper 1 and the free paper 2 to the delivery destination Ha of the regular subscriber, while receiving mail and newspapers other than the regular subscriber. The free paper 2 is delivered to a delivery destination Hb that can input the free paper 2. That is, the delivery person M delivers both the newspaper 1 and the free paper 2 or the free paper 2 to all the houses in the delivery area he / she owns. Therefore, compared with the delivery of only the newspaper 1 that is normally performed, the delivery of both the newspaper 1 and the free paper 2 is not particularly troublesome.

  In the newspaper store, a delivery book in which delivery destinations H that are regular subscribers are usually arranged is prepared. In addition, a delivery route book with delivery orders assigned to delivery destinations H is also prepared. Furthermore, it also includes a list of delivery destinations H that were regular subscribers in the past and future delivery destinations H for sales of subscription expansion. Therefore, since the newspaper dealer has a list of all the delivery area households, it is easy to create a delivery book for either delivering the newspaper 1 or delivering free paper 2 to all the delivery area houses. Therefore, the selective delivery of the newspaper 1 and the free paper 2 can be executed even if the delivery person M is not familiar with the delivery area.

  According to the first example, both the newspaper 1 and the free paper 2 or the free paper 2 are delivered to all the households, and the information 4 is transmitted to all the households. Therefore, in the present situation where the number of regular subscribers of the newspaper 1 is reduced, it is possible to make the newspaper dealer function effectively as an information transmission organization by reforming a simple expansion of the delivery service, and to increase the efficiency of transmission of the information 4 described above.

  2 to 12 show a second example of the best mode for carrying out the information transmission method according to the present invention.

  The second example includes a management computer 6 and a terminal 7 as hardware equipment for implementation.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the management computer 6 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 61, a storage unit 62, an input unit 63, a display unit 64, an output unit 65, a delivery basic ledger database (DB) 66, a request reception database (DB). And 67, a delivery route book database (DB) 68. The central processing unit 61 includes a microprocessor or the like having a control circuit, an arithmetic circuit, a clock circuit, and the like, and functions as the center of the management computer 6. The storage unit 62 includes a readable / writable semiconductor storage device or the like, and stores some application software in addition to a basic OS (Operating System). As application software, delivery basic ledger data creation software for creating delivery basic ledger data F1, request acceptance data creation software for creating request acceptance data F2, and delivery sequential route book data creation for creating delivery route book data F3 There is software and delivery confirmation software for comparing delivery route book data F3 and delivery data F5 described later. The input unit 63 includes buttons, switches, a keyboard, a connection terminal device, and the like, and gives necessary instructions to the central processing unit 61 and takes in necessary data from the outside. The display unit 64 includes a display device such as a display and a speaker, and displays necessary data as images and sounds. The output unit 65 includes a connection terminal device connected to the printer or the terminal device 7, and necessary data is output to the outside. The delivery basic ledger database 66 is configured as an auxiliary memory such as a hard disk, and stores the basic delivery ledger data F1 created by the delivery basic ledger data creation software. The request reception database 67 is configured as an auxiliary memory such as a hard disk, and stores request reception data F2 created by the request reception data creation software. The delivery route book database (DB) 68 is configured as an auxiliary memory such as a hard disk, and stores delivery route book data F3 created by the delivery route book data creation software.

  As the management computer 6, a personal computer in which the storage unit 62, the delivery basic ledger database 66, the request reception database 67, and the delivery route book database 68 are integrated into a hard disk or the like can be used.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the terminal 7 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 71, a storage unit 72, an input unit 73, a display unit 74, an output unit 75, a GPS unit 76, and a scanner unit 77. It is configured as a carry type. The central processing unit 71 includes a microprocessor having a control circuit, an arithmetic circuit, a clock circuit, and the like, and functions as the center of the terminal device 7. The storage unit 72 is composed of a readable / writable semiconductor storage device or the like, and stores some application software in addition to a basic OS (Operating System). Application software includes GPS operation software that controls the GPS unit 76, scanner operation software that controls the scanner unit 77, and delivery data creation software that creates delivery data. The input unit 73 includes buttons, switches, a keyboard, a connection terminal device, and the like, and gives necessary instructions to the central processing unit 71 and takes in necessary data from the outside. The display unit 74 includes a display device such as a display and a speaker, and displays necessary data as images and sounds. The output unit 75 includes a connection terminal device connected to a printer or the management computer 6 and outputs necessary data to the outside. The GPS unit 76 has a function of receiving a satellite signal and calculating at least the longitude and latitude at which the terminal 7 is located. The scanner unit 77 has a function of reading at least an identification signal such as a barcode or QR code by optical means.

  In the second example, in the step S1, an identification number 8 such as a barcode or QR code is assigned when editing or printing the free paper 2.

  Then, before step S4, steps S4a to S4d are executed at the newspaper store.

  In step S4a, a delivery basic ledger in which the aforementioned delivery destinations H (Ha, Hb) are arranged is created.

  The basic delivery ledger is created for all households in the delivery area of the newspaper dealer by using the above-mentioned name list of the newspaper dealer. However, when the delivery area is expanded, etc., a door-to-door map (house map) and other door-to-door information are used. In addition, when the vacant house is vacated or newly occupies after issuance and transmission of used information, it is updated to the latest delivery basic ledger each time. Information for these updates will be obtained through the efforts of newspaper dealers. Of the delivery destinations H, the delivery destination Hb of the free paper 2 does not take the form of face-to-face delivery, so a house or the like that can put the free paper 2 into a mailbox, newspaper receiver, etc., excluding simple garages and storage It is limited to. However, a mail box, a newspaper box, and the like include mere gaps between houses, shelves, and the like. Further, the delivery destination H is arranged for each area where one delivery person M of a newspaper store can deliver on foot or by bicycle for several hours in order to improve delivery efficiency. In addition, each arranged delivery destination H can be added with position information (longitude, latitude) and map information, or can be given a delivery order.

  In creating the delivery basic ledger, the management basic computer 6 creates the delivery basic ledger data F1 by the delivery basic ledger data creation software. As shown in FIG. 5, the delivery basic ledger data creation software divides the basic delivery ledger data F1 for each area (the delivery area of the newspaper store appropriately), the house number F1b, the name / name. Each item of F1c, address F1d, and delivery item type F1e can be created to be displayed on the display unit 64 in a list form. The delivery item type F1e can be as simple as “O” for the delivery of the newspaper 1 and “X” for the delivery of the free paper 2. The delivery basic ledger database 66 is created by storing the delivery basic ledger data F1.

  In step S4b, a delivery request for the information medium 5 from the delivery requester is accepted.

  In accepting the delivery request for the information medium 5, the delivery date and delivery area are specified. Acceptable delivery dates are usually after the next day, but there is no problem with the same day depending on the business execution ability of the operator. In addition, the acceptable delivery area is the entire delivery area of the newspaper store.

  In accepting the delivery request for the information medium 5, the management computer 6 creates the request acceptance data F2 by the request acceptance data creation software. As shown in FIG. 6, the request reception data creation software can create the request reception data F2 such that the reception date, customer name, etc. F2a are displayed on the display unit 64 in a list form. When the delivery area (designated area) is input, another window F2b is opened on the display unit 64, and a button F2c for checking the delivery area and a necessary number F2d are displayed. By storing the request reception data F2, the request reception database 67 is created. It is also possible to prepare an invoice or the like from the request reception database 67 by providing a money amount column in the reception date, customer name, etc. F2a.

  In step S4c, a delivery book specifying the delivery destination H is created from the delivery basic ledger.

  The delivery book is created by specifying the delivery destination H for each delivery area and processing the delivery basic ledger.

  That is, a delivery book can be created quickly by creating a basic delivery ledger in advance.

  In the creation of the delivery book, the delivery route book data F3 in which the delivery order is given to the delivery destination H is created in the management computer 6 by the delivery route book data creation software. That is, the delivery basic ledger data F1 stored in the delivery basic ledger database 66 is processed to create delivery route book data F3. As shown in FIG. 7, the delivery route book data creation software can be created so that names and names F3c are arranged in the delivery order F3b for each delivery area F3a and displayed on the display unit 64 in a form format. it can. When the delivery destination H is an apartment house, it is convenient to display the room number F3d. It is also convenient to display symbols F3e etc. for guiding the order of delivery, such as “neighboring”, “back”, “facing”, and “impact”. Also, the location information of the delivery destination H is included. The name / name F3c is color-coded so that the delivery of the newspaper 1 and free paper 2 can be discriminated at a glance. By storing the delivery route book data F3, the delivery route book database 68 is created.

  In step S4d, the delivery route book data F3 updated to the latest information on the delivery date is output from the management computer 6 corresponding to the delivery area of each delivery person M. Delivery route book data F3 output from the management computer 6 is input to the terminal 7.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the delivery route book data F3 is transmitted from the management computer 6 to the terminal device 7 by connecting the output unit 65 of the management computer 6 and the input unit 73 of the terminal device 7 in a wired or wireless manner. Is called. The delivery route book data F3 input to the terminal 7 is stored in the storage unit 72 and displayed on the display unit 74 as necessary.

  In step S3, as shown in FIG. 2, the information medium 5 requested to be delivered by a plurality of delivery requesters who deliver on the day from the request acceptance data F2 stored in the request acceptance database 67 of the management computer 6 is delivered for each delivery area. This is performed based on the created folding list F4. In the folding list F4, as shown in FIG. 8, the delivery area F4a and the name F4b of the information medium 5 to be folded are displayed in order.

  In step S4, the delivery person M who carries the terminal 7 delivers it as it is to each delivery destination Ha of the newspaper 1 based on the delivery book, and reads the identification number 8 and the position information of each delivery destination Hb of the free paper 2. Obtain and deliver. Since the delivery route book with the delivery order of the delivery destination H provided as a delivery book is guided in the moving direction for delivery, the delivery person M who is unfamiliar with the geography of the delivery destination H can efficiently deliver. It becomes possible. Further, by displaying the delivery route book as a delivery book on the display unit 74 of the terminal device 7, even a delivery person M who is unfamiliar with the geography of the delivery destination H can be delivered accurately. Therefore, it is not necessary to request the skill level of the delivery person M. In addition, it is possible to grasp at a glance from the delivery route book which of the newspapers 1 and free paper 2 is delivered to each delivery destination H.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the delivery person M carries out the delivery start operation (including the delivery name input) from the input unit 73 of the terminal 7 to which the delivery route book data F3 is input, and carries the terminal 7 Then depart for delivery. The delivery start operation from the input unit 73 of the terminal 7 automatically activates the scanner operation software stored in the storage unit 72. Then, the free paper 2 is taken out at the delivery destination Ha, and the identification number 8 is read by the scanner unit 77 of the terminal 7 and then put (posted) into a mail box, a newspaper box or the like. The scanner operation software automatically activates the GPS operation software at the time of reading by the scanner unit 77 to obtain position information.

  The identification number 8 read by each delivery destination Ha and the obtained position information are created as delivery data F5 by the delivery data creation software together with the delivery time read by the scanner unit 77, and stored in the terminal 7 Stored in the unit 72.

  After the delivery is completed, the delivery person M returns to the departure place and then performs a delivery end operation from the input unit 73 of the terminal 7.

  The delivery data F5 includes a delivery area F5a, a delivery person name (delivery person) F5b, a delivery frequency (number of delivery destinations H) F5c, a folding number (identification number 8) F5e, position information F5f, a delivery start time F5g, and a delivery end. The time F5h is created so as to be displayed in a list form. The delivery start time F5g and the delivery end time F5h are input by a delivery start operation and a delivery end operation by the delivery person M, and are used for labor management such as wage calculation.

  Further, in the second example, in step S5 following step S5, a record of reading of the identification number 8 recorded in the terminal 7 and acquisition of position information is output to confirm the delivery of the free paper 2.

  In confirming the delivery of the free paper 2, the output unit 75 of the terminal 7 and the input unit 63 of the management computer 6 are connected by wire and wirelessly to transmit the delivery data F5. The delivery data F5 input to the management computer 6 is compared with the delivery route book data F3 by delivery confirmation software as shown in FIG. That is, the position information of the delivery work Ha of the free paper 2 stored in the delivery route book data F3 is compared with the obtained position information of the delivery data F5, and quick and accurate comparison is performed from the numerical information. If there is a delivery failure, replenishment delivery is performed. In addition, it is convenient to display a map on the display unit 64 of the management computer 6 and display the delivery destination Ha of the delivery failure from the position information.

  According to the second example, a means for restricting the delivery behavior of the delivery person M by creating a delivery book in response to the delivery request from the delivery basic ledger is configured, and the free paper is used by the terminal 7 carried by the delivery person M. Therefore, the present invention can be effectively applied to the delivery of a large number of unaddressed free papers 2 to each other. And the certainty and accuracy of the delivery of the free paper 2 can be supported from the record in the terminal device 7. At the same time, the reliability and accuracy of delivery of the information medium 5 can be supported.

  As described above, in addition to the forms shown in the drawings, a delivery book printed on paper can be carried by a delivery person. In addition, the delivery book may be a simplified version of the delivery route book.

  Furthermore, when confirming the delivery, the total number of delivery orders F3b of the delivery route book data F3 and the total number of deliveries F5c of the delivery data F5 can be simply compared. Further, when the delivery person M is a skilled person, it is only necessary to browse the delivery book with the management computer 6.

1 newspaper 2 free paper 3 newspaper article 4 information 5 information medium 6 management computer 7 terminal 8 identification number H delivery destination Ha delivery destination (newspaper)
Hb delivery address (free paper)

Claims (4)

  Separately printing newspapers that contain only newspaper articles and free papers that contain only non-newspaper articles such as advertisements, announcements, announcements, and job offers, and both newspapers and free papers at newspaper dealers The delivery destination where the delivery person of the newspaper dealer can deliver the free paper to the mail receiver, newspaper receiver, etc. other than the subscriber while delivering the newspaper and free paper to the delivery destination of the subscriber A method for delivering free paper, comprising the step of delivering free paper.   2. The information transmission method according to claim 1, wherein an identification number is assigned to the free paper at the stage of printing the free paper, and a delivery person of the newspaper store reads the identification number and obtains the position information at the stage of delivering the free paper. An information transmission method comprising carrying a terminal equipped with a function of recording data and the like and reading an identification number and obtaining position information at each delivery destination of free paper.   3. The information transmission method according to claim 2, wherein a delivery book specifying a delivery destination of the free paper is created before the delivery of the free paper, and an identification number recorded on the terminal is read after the delivery of the free paper. And a step of confirming the delivery of the free paper by outputting a record of the acquisition of the position information and the acquisition of the position information. 4. The information transmission method according to claim 1, wherein a step of inserting another information medium into the newspaper or free paper is executed before the step of delivering the newspaper or free paper.