JP2010174480A - Hybrid working machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance any one of the cooling efficiency of hybrid equipment, the utilization efficiency of a space, and maintainability. <P>SOLUTION: An equipment storage space S is formed between a cabin and an engine room; three vertical tiers of equipment chambers 31-33 are formed in the equipment storage space S; an inverter/converter 18 and an electric storage device 19 as equipment requiring cooling and maintenance are housed in both the upper and mid equipment chambers 31 and 32, respectively; and a battery 26 for control is housed in the lower equipment chamber 33. Additionally, an air intake 34 is provided in a left-side panel 23 astride both the upper and mid equipment chambers 31 and 32; an exhaust port 35 is provided in a right-side panel 25 astride both the upper and mid equipment chambers 31 and 32; and a filter 36 for common use, and fans 37 and 38 for the respective equipment chambers are each provided in the air intake 34. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a hybrid work machine that uses both engine power and electric power.

  The background art will be described using an excavator as an example.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the excavator has an upper swing body 2 mounted on a crawler type lower traveling body 1 so as to be rotatable about a vertical axis, and a boom 3, an arm 4, a bucket at the front of the upper swing body 2. 5 and a work attachment 9 including boom, arm, and bucket cylinders 6, 7, and 8 for operating these are attached.

  The upper swing body 2 is mounted with a cabin 10 on the left side of the front and a counterweight 11 at the rear end.

  In this specification, “front-rear” and “left-right” refer to directions viewed from an operator seated in the cabin 10.

  A cab guard (partition wall) 12 is provided in the left-right direction behind the cabin 10 and in front of the counterweight 11, and serves as a power source in an engine room 13 formed between the cabguard 12 and the counterweight 11. The engine 14 is installed (see Patent Document 1).

  FIG. 6 shows a block configuration of a drive system and a control system when this excavator is configured as a hybrid type.

  A generator motor 15 that performs a generator action and a motor action and a hydraulic pump 16 are connected to the engine 14, and these are driven by the engine 14.

  The oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 16 is supplied to each of the boom, arm, and bucket cylinders 6 to 8 shown in FIG. 4 via a control valve (provided for each actuator, but shown here as an assembly of a plurality of control valves). , And a hydraulic actuator such as a left and right traveling hydraulic motor (not shown), and these hydraulic actuators are driven.

  On the other hand, a power storage device (power battery) 19 composed of a secondary battery or the like is connected to the generator motor 15 via an inverter / converter 18.

  The inverter / converter 18 switches between the generator action of the generator motor 15 and the motor action, while controlling the generated power or the current or torque as the motor, and depending on whether the generator output of the generator motor 15 is excessive or insufficient. The charging / discharging action of the power storage device 19 is controlled.

  In this configuration, when the required power of the hydraulic pump 16 is large, the generator motor 15 performs the motor action by the stored power of the power storage device 19 to supplement the engine output, and when the required power is small, the generator motor 15 acts as the generator. To store power in the power storage device 19. Thus, the original energy saving operation of the hybrid system is performed.

  Conventionally, a hybrid device mounted on such a hybrid excavator, that is, a generator motor 15, an inverter / converter 18, a power storage device 19, a control battery, and the like are installed in an engine room 13 or the like as disclosed in Patent Document 2. Has been.

  That is, the generator motor 15 is disposed in a space adjacent to the engine room 13 on the left and right sides of the engine 14, and other hybrid devices including the inverter / converter 18 and the power storage device 19 are disposed in front of the engine 14 in the engine room 13. Has been.

  Among these, the hybrid devices arranged in the engine room 13 that generate heat (the inverter / converter 18 and the power storage device 19 will be described as an example. Hereinafter, sometimes referred to as cooling-requiring devices) are used for maintaining the performance. It needs to be cooled.

  In this case, it is most advantageous in terms of cost, space and the like to adopt an air cooling method in which cooling air is taken in from the outside and passed between the devices requiring cooling.

Japanese Patent No. 3649147 JP 2007-107230 A

  However, in the known techniques described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, since the hybrid devices including the devices requiring cooling are arranged side by side on the same plane, the following problems have occurred.

A. Concerning the cooling efficiency of the equipment requiring cooling (i) Since the gaps between the hybrid equipment that serve as cooling air passages cannot be made large, the flow of cooling air is poor and the cooling air is evenly and sufficiently distributed to all the equipment requiring cooling. It was difficult to spread.

  (Ii) Although the required air volume (necessary degree of cooling) differs depending on the equipment requiring cooling, since the equipment is arranged on the same plane in the same space, cooling was possible only under the same conditions.

  For this reason, there existed a problem that the cooling efficiency of a cooling required apparatus was bad.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a technology in which the power storage device 19 is installed behind the cabin 10 and the cold air for air conditioning in the cabin 10 is sent to the back surface of the power storage device 19 through a duct that penetrates the partition wall 12. It is possible to apply this technology to hybrid devices in general.

  However, in this technique, since it is necessary to make a hole through which the duct passes through the cabin 10 and the partition wall 12, processing is troublesome and the cost is increased, and the space in the engine room is reduced by the piping space of the duct. May interfere with the arrangement of other equipment.

B. Regarding space utilization efficiency Space utilization efficiency is poor because hybrid devices including cooling devices are simply arranged on the same plane. For this reason, the layout of the equipment is limited within a limited space, or as a result of expanding the space, the rear end turning radius of the machine is increased.

C. Maintenance For hybrid devices that require maintenance, including replacement (hereinafter referred to as maintenance-needed devices), remove the panel depending on the position of the target device, or open it with a hinge to the side of the machine or Maintenance is performed from above.

  In this case, the maintenance-required equipment having high maintenance priority and frequency is arranged at a position where it can be accessed from the outside as much as possible (for example, the side of the machine).

  However, maintainability has deteriorated due to the fact that other adjacent devices are in the way and a sufficient maintenance space cannot be secured, and that the side opposite to the access side cannot be reached by hands or tools.

  Therefore, the present invention provides a hybrid work machine that can improve all of the cooling efficiency of the equipment requiring cooling, the space utilization efficiency, and the maintainability.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of upper and lower stages of equipment chambers are defined in the equipment housing space for housing the hybrid equipment, and the plurality of hybrid equipments are distributed and arranged in each equipment room.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the first aspect, as a hybrid device, a generator motor driven by an engine, a power storage device charged by an output of the generator motor, and the operation of the generator motor and the power storage device are controlled. And the inverter / converter and the power storage device are arranged in separate device rooms.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the first or second aspect, a panel that forms the device accommodating space and serves as a chamber wall of each device room, and an intake port that takes cooling air into each device room from the outside; An exhaust port for exhausting exhausted air to the outside is provided, and a fan and a filter for sucking outside air toward each device room are provided at the intake port.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the third aspect, the intake port and the filter are provided across both the device rooms so as to serve as the intake ports for both the upper and lower adjacent device rooms.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the fourth aspect, the fan is provided facing each device room so as to suck in outside air for each device room.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the structure according to any one of the third to fifth aspects, the panel provided with the air inlet is detachably attached or opened / closed, and the filter and the fan are attached / detached / opened / closed integrally with the panel. It is attached in the state to obtain.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the configuration according to any one of the third to sixth aspects, the cooling air sucked into each equipment room passes through the air inlet of the hybrid equipment disposed in the equipment room and exits from the air outlet. A rectifying plate for restricting the flow of air is provided so as to flow through.

  According to the present invention, first, in order to disperse and arrange the hybrid equipment in the upper and lower equipment rooms, the passage of the cooling air in each equipment room is widened to improve the flow of the cooling air, and for each equipment. Suction and exhaust performance according to the required air volume can be secured.

  For this reason, the cooling efficiency of a cooling required apparatus can be improved significantly.

  In addition, there is no need to make a duct hole in the cabin or the like as in the case of using cold air in the cabin, and there is no possibility that the space in the engine room is reduced by the duct piping space or the like.

  Secondly, space usage efficiency can be increased by stacking and arranging the hybrid devices in a plurality of upper and lower stages.

  This facilitates device layout. Alternatively, the device occupying space can be reduced to reduce the rear end turning radius of the machine.

  Third, it is possible to arrange the hybrid devices so as not to interfere with each other's maintenance. In addition, it is possible to place maintenance-needed devices, especially devices with high maintenance priority and frequency, in the device room that is most accessible from the outside (for example, the uppermost device room).

  Thereby, the maintainability of a maintenance required apparatus can be improved.

  In this case, according to the invention of claim 2, since the inverter / converter and the power storage device, both of which require cooling and require maintenance, and which are large and have different required air volumes, are arranged in separate equipment rooms, the cooling efficiency can be improved. And the effect of improving maintainability is high.

  In addition, according to the inventions of claims 3 to 6, the panel (side panel or upper panel) that forms the device housing space and serves as the chamber wall of each device room, and the intake port for taking cooling air into each device room from the outside In addition, an exhaust port that discharges cooled air to the outside is provided, and a fan and filter that sucks outside air toward each device room are provided at the intake port. In addition, it is possible to positively supply clean air that does not contain water, dust, or the like to the equipment requiring cooling to further increase the cooling efficiency.

  In this case, according to the fourth and fifth aspects of the present invention, since the intake port and the filter are provided across both the device rooms so as to serve as both the upper and lower adjacent device rooms, the processing and the filter for the intake port are provided. Maintenance is easy.

  Further, according to the invention of claim 5, since the fan is provided facing each equipment room so as to suck in the outside air for each equipment room, the inverter / converter and the power storage differing particularly in the required air volume as in the invention of claim 2. This is suitable when the apparatus is provided in a separate equipment room.

  According to the invention of claim 6, since the panel provided with the air inlet is detachably attached or opened and opened, and the filter and the fan are attached to the panel in such a state that it can be attached to and detached from the panel, or can be opened and closed. Maintenance of the hybrid device that is a maintenance device is further facilitated.

  According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, when the cooling equipment is provided with an air inlet and an outlet and the cooling air flows between them, the cooling air can be circulated through the regular cooling route by the rectifying plate.

It is a schematic plan view of the hybrid apparatus accommodation part which shows embodiment of this invention. It is the II-II sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is the III-III sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is the IV-IV sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is a schematic side view of the shovel which is an example to which the present invention is applied. It is a block block diagram of a hybrid shovel.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 1 is a top view schematically showing the configuration of the upper frame left side of the upper swing body 2 in FIG. 5, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view (rear view) taken along the line II-II in FIG.

  As shown in both figures, at the rear of the cabin of the upper frame 20 constituting the upper swing body 2, a cab guard 21 on the front side, a rear panel 22 on the rear side, and side panels 23 and 24 on the left and right sides are provided vertically, respectively. By providing the upper panel 25 horizontally on the upper surface, a device storage space S is formed between the cabin 10 and the engine room 13, and the hybrid device is stored in the device storage space S.

  In the embodiment, as the hybrid equipment housed therein, as shown in FIG. 2, the inverter / converter 18 and the power storage device 19 that are cooling equipment and maintenance equipment and the control battery 26 that is maintenance equipment are required. Only the types (hereinafter, these may be collectively referred to as hybrid devices) are illustrated.

  The left panel 23 is attached to the upper frame 20 at the rear end side by a hinge 23a as shown in FIG. 1, and as shown by a two-dot chain line, the panel 23 is opened around the hinge 23a. Maintenance can be performed.

  The device storage space S is divided into upper, middle, and lower three-stage device chambers 31, 32, and 33 by upper and lower support shelves 27, 28 and a plurality of support legs 29, 30,. The upper device chamber 31 accommodates the inverter / converter 18, the middle device chamber 32 accommodates the power storage device 19, and the lower device chamber 33 accommodates the control battery 26.

  Both the support shelves 27 and 28 are bolted to the support legs 29... 30 so that they can be attached and detached as needed during maintenance of the middle and lower devices (the power storage device 19 and the control battery 26). Is detachably attached.

  On the other hand, the left panel 23 is provided with an intake port 34 for taking in cooling air from the outside, and the right panel 24 is provided with an exhaust port 35 for discharging cooled air to the outside.

  The intake port 34 and the exhaust port 35 are provided so as to straddle the upper and middle stage device chambers 31 and 32, respectively, and cooling air taken from the outside is distributed to the upper and middle stage device chambers 31 and 32 to be cooled air. Are joined and discharged to the outside.

  In addition, a filter 36 for filtering the introduced air is provided in the air inlet 34 so as to straddle both the equipment chambers 31 and 32, similarly to the air inlet 34.

  In this case, since the required air volume is different between the inverter / converter 18 and the power storage device 19 (the inverter / converter 18 has a larger required air volume than the power storage device 19), an appropriate amount of cooling air is provided for each device room. In order to be able to inhale, suction fans (hereinafter simply referred to as fans) 37 and 38 are provided separately facing the device chambers 31 and 32 on the downstream side of the filter 36.

  The filter 36 and the fans 37 and 38 are attached to the left panel 23 so that maintenance including replacement can be performed with the panel 23 opened.

  As a means for realizing different intake air amounts, the fans 37 and 38 having different capacities may be used. For example, two fans 37 and 38 may be installed in the upper device chamber 31 and one in the middle device chamber 32. The number of fans 37 and 38 may be different.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the inverter / converter 18 and the power storage device 19 are constituted by main bodies 19a and 20a and casings 19b and 20b covering the main bodies 19a and 20a, respectively. 39, 40, and air outlets 41, 42 are provided on the far side. In FIG. 3, reference numeral 43 denotes a fan provided at the air inlet 39 of the inverter / converter 18.

  As a result, the inverter / converter 18 and the power storage device 19 constitute an internal air cooling device that draws the cooling air from the air inlets 39 and 40 into the casings 19 b and 20 b and then circulates the cooling air from the air outlets 41 and 42.

  In this case, the cooling air does not enter the air inlets 39 and 40 but goes directly to the air outlets 41 and 42 (exhaust port 35), or the cooled air that has exited from the air outlets 41 and 42 enters the air inlets 40 and 42 side. In order not to return, that is, to flow through an appropriate cooling route from the air inlets 40 and 42 into the casings 19b and 20b and exit from the air outlets 41 and 42 as shown by double line arrows in FIGS. The rectifying plates 44 and 45 for restricting the air flow are provided in the device rooms 31 and 32, respectively.

  The rectifying plates 44 and 45 are provided in a state of blocking unnecessary passages between the device casings 19b and 20b and the peripheral surface of the device room.

  Thus, since the hybrid devices (inverter / converter 18, power storage device 19, control battery 26) are distributed and arranged in the upper and lower three-stage device rooms 31 to 33, the following effects can be obtained.

About cooling efficiency (1) The passage of the cooling air in each of the equipment rooms 31 to 33 can be widened to improve the flow of the cooling air, and the cooling air can be spread over the entire surface of the equipment.

  (2) Since air cooling can be performed for each of the upper and middle device rooms 31 and 32, it is possible to ensure the suction and exhaust performance according to the required air volume for each device by using the separate fans 37 and 38 as in the embodiment. it can.

  (3) The side panels 23 and 24, which are the chamber walls of the respective device rooms 31 to 33, discharge the cooling air from the outside to the upper and lower device chambers 31 and 32 and the cooled air to the outside. Since the exhaust port 35 is provided and the fans 37 and 38 and the filter 36 for sucking outside air toward the two device chambers 31 and 32 are provided in the intake port 34, the temperature is low from the outside and is indispensable for the hybrid device. In addition, it is possible to positively supply clean air that does not contain water, dust, or the like to the equipment requiring cooling to further increase the cooling efficiency.

  (4) The left side panel 23 that forms the device accommodating space S and that serves as the chamber walls of the upper and middle device chambers 31 and 32, and the intake port 34 that takes cooling air into the device chambers 31 and 32 from the outside, Since the exhaust port 35 for discharging the cooled air to the outside is provided, and the fans 37 and 38 for sucking outside air toward both the device chambers 31 and 32 and the filter 36 for filtration are provided in the intake port 34. The cooling efficiency can be further increased by actively supplying clean air, which is low in temperature and external to water and dust, which is indispensable for hybrid equipment, to the equipment requiring cooling.

  From the above points, the cooling efficiency of the inverter / converter 18 and the power storage device 19 which are the devices requiring cooling can be remarkably improved.

  Moreover, there is no need to make a duct hole in the cabin or the like as in the case of a known technique using cold air in the cabin, and there is no risk that the space will be reduced by the duct piping space or the like.

About space use efficiency Space use efficiency can be increased by stacking the hybrid devices 18, 19, and 26 in a plurality of stages.

  This facilitates device layout. Alternatively, the device occupying space can be reduced to reduce the rear end turning radius of the machine.

About maintainability (I) It becomes possible to arrange | position each hybrid apparatus 18, 19, and 26 so that it may not interfere with each other's maintenance.

  (II) Equipment requiring maintenance, especially equipment with high priority and frequency of maintenance (inverter / converter 18 in the example of the embodiment) is placed in the equipment room (in the embodiment, upper equipment room 31) that is most easily accessible from the outside. It becomes possible to do.

  (III) Since the left side panel 23 forming the device accommodating space S is attached to be openable and closable, the left side of the space S can be easily opened to perform maintenance of the hybrid devices 18, 19, and 26 from the outside of the left side of the machine.

  (IV) Since the filter 36 and the fans 37 and 38 are attached to the left side panel 23 in a state where the filter 36 and the fans 37 and 38 can be opened and closed integrally with the panel 23, they can be maintained in an open space outside.

  From the above points, it is possible to improve the maintainability of maintenance-required equipment.

Other Effects (a) As in the embodiment, the inverter / converter 18 and the power storage device 19 that are both a cooling-requiring device and a maintenance-requiring device and that are large in size and have different required air volumes are arranged in separate device rooms 31, 32 As a result, the effect of improving the cooling efficiency and the effect of improving maintainability are further enhanced.

  (B) Since the intake port 34 and the filter 36 are provided across the device chambers 31 and 32 so as to be shared by the upper and middle device chambers 31 and 32, the processing for opening the intake port 34 and the maintenance of the filter 36 are performed. Becomes easy.

  (C) Since the fans 37 and 38 are provided facing both the device rooms 31 and 32 so as to suck in the outside air for each of the device rooms 31 and 32, the power storage capacity is different from that of the inverter / converter 18 having a different required air volume as in the embodiment. This is suitable when the apparatus 19 is provided in the separate equipment rooms 31 and 32.

  (D) For the inverter / converter 18 and the power storage device 19 that are required to be cooled, an internal air cooling system in which air inlets 39 and 40 and outlets 41 and 42 are provided and cooling air flows between them is provided. The cooling efficiency can be increased as compared with the case of adopting an external indirect air cooling method in which the main bodies 19a and 20a are indirectly cooled from the outside.

  In addition, since the cooling air can be circulated through the regular cooling route by the rectifying plates 44 and 45, the cooling efficiency can be further improved.

Other Embodiments (1) The equipment chamber formed in the equipment housing space S is not limited to the upper and lower three stages of the above embodiment, but may be formed in two upper and lower stages or four or more stages.

  (2) The hybrid device housed in the device rooms 31 to 33 may be other than the inverter / converter 18, the power storage device 19, and the control battery 26 exemplified in the above embodiment.

  (3) Although the intake port 34 and the exhaust port 35 are provided across the upper and middle device rooms 31 and 32 in the above embodiment, they may be provided for each device room.

  (4) In the above embodiment, the left side panel 23 is attached so as to be freely opened and closed. Moreover, you may attach the right side panel 24 or the upper side panel 25 so that opening and closing or removal is possible.

  (5) The present invention is not limited to the shovel, and can be applied to other hybrid work machines such as a crusher and a dismantling machine configured by diverting the shovel.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS S Device accommodation space 18 Inverter / converter 19 Power storage device 21 Cab guard which forms device accommodation space 22 Same rear panel 23 Left side panel 23a Hinge 24 Right side panel 25 Upper panel 26 Control battery 27, 28 Support shelf 29 which forms an equipment room, 30 Same support leg 31 Upper equipment room 32 Middle equipment room 33 Lower equipment room 34 Air inlet 35 Air outlet 36 Filter 37, 38 Fan 39, 40 Air inlet 41, 42 Air outlet 44, 45 Rectifier plate

Claims (7)

  A hybrid work machine, wherein a plurality of upper and lower stages of equipment chambers are partitioned and formed in an equipment accommodating space for accommodating hybrid equipment, and the plurality of hybrid equipments are distributed and arranged in each equipment room.   The hybrid device includes a generator motor driven by an engine, a power storage device charged by the output of the generator motor, and an inverter / converter that controls the operation of the generator motor and the power storage device, and the inverter / converter and power storage The hybrid work machine according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is disposed in a separate equipment room.   A panel that forms the device housing space and is a chamber wall of each device room is provided with an intake port for taking cooling air into the device room from the outside and an exhaust port for discharging cooled air to the outside. The hybrid work machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a fan and a filter for sucking outside air toward each equipment room are provided in the mouth.   4. The hybrid work machine according to claim 3, wherein the intake port and the filter are provided across both device rooms so as to serve as both the upper and lower adjacent intake ports for the device rooms.   5. The hybrid work machine according to claim 4, wherein the fan is provided facing each equipment room so as to suck in outside air for each equipment room.   6. A panel provided with an air inlet is detachably attached or opened / closed, and a filter and a fan are attached to the panel in a state where the filter and fan can be attached / detached / opened together with the panel. The hybrid work machine according to item 1.   A rectifying plate is provided that regulates the air flow so that the cooling air sucked into each device room flows through the cooling route exiting from the air outlet through the air inlet of the hybrid device arranged in the device room. The hybrid work machine according to any one of claims 3 to 6.

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