JP3998025B2 - Hybrid construction machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a hybrid construction machine that uses both engine power and electric power.

  FIG. 4 shows an excavator which is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

  In this excavator, an upper swing body 2 is mounted on a crawler type lower traveling body 1 so as to be rotatable around a vertical axis, and a boom 3, an arm 4, a bucket 5, and these are mounted on a front portion of the upper swing body 2. An excavation device 9 including boom, arm, and bucket cylinders 6, 7, and 8 to be operated is attached and configured.

  The upper swing body 2 is mounted with a cabin 10 on the left side of the front and a counterweight 11 at the rear end.

  A partition wall 12 is provided behind the cabin 10 in the left-right direction, and an engine 14 as a power source is installed in an engine room 13 formed between the partition wall 12 and the counterweight 11 (Patent Document 1). reference).

  FIG. 5 shows a block configuration of a drive system and a control system when this excavator is configured as a hybrid type.

  A variable displacement hydraulic pump 16 and a generator motor 17 that performs a generator action and a motor action in parallel are connected in parallel to the engine 14 via a power distribution device (power divider, sometimes called PTO) 15. These are driven simultaneously by the engine 14.

  The hydraulic pump 16 has a control valve (provided for each actuator, but here shown as an assembly of a plurality of control valves) 18, and the boom, arm, and bucket cylinders 6 to 8 shown in FIG. Hydraulic actuators such as left and right traveling hydraulic motors (not shown) are connected, and these hydraulic actuators are driven by the pressure oil supplied from the hydraulic pump 16.

  On the other hand, a power storage device 20 made of a secondary battery or the like is connected to the generator motor 17 via an inverter / converter 19.

  The inverter / converter 19 switches between the generator operation of the generator motor 17 and the motor operation, controls the generated power or the current or torque as the motor based on the command from the controller 21, and generates the power of the generator motor 17. The charging / discharging action of the power storage device 20 is controlled according to the excess or deficiency of the machine output.

  The controller 21 outputs an engine speed command, a pump capacity command for the hydraulic pump 16, a torque command for the generator motor 17, and the like based on the charge amount of the power storage device 20, the rotation speed of the generator motor 17, and the like.

  In this configuration, when the required power of the hydraulic pump 16 is large, the generator motor 17 performs an electric motor action by the electric power stored in the power storage device 20 to supplement the engine output, and when the required power is small, the generator motor 17 is an electric generator action. To store power in the power storage device 20. Thus, the original energy saving operation of the hybrid system is performed.

The arrangement of devices in the hybrid excavator is shown in Patent Document 2.
Japanese Patent No. 3649147 JP 2004-169465 A

  In the case of a hybrid excavator, an engine-related and hydraulic system equipment (hydraulic pump 16, control valve 18 as well as a fuel tank, a hydraulic oil tank, a cooling fan, a radiator, not shown) are installed in the same space as a general excavator. In addition to the oil cooler, etc., it is necessary to install hybrid devices such as the generator motor 17, the inverter / converter 19, the power storage device 20, and the controller 21.

  That is, many devices must be packed in a limited space.

  In this case, in the conventional excavator, as shown in FIG. 4 and Patent Document 1, a partition wall 12 is provided at the rear portion of the upper swing body 2, and the engine room 13 is provided at the rear portion of the upper swing body 2 by the partition wall 12. The section is formed.

  Note that an equipment room in which hydraulic equipment is mainly installed is formed on the right side of the engine room 13, and the equipment room and the engine room 13 are similarly partitioned by a dedicated partition wall.

  For this reason, according to the conventional hybrid excavator, the dedicated partition wall and the space around it are wasted, and this waste makes it difficult to arrange the equipment by reducing the effective volume of the narrow equipment installation space. It was.

  Therefore, the present invention provides a hybrid construction machine that can efficiently arrange equipment by effectively utilizing equipment installation space without waste.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, an upper swing body is mounted on the lower traveling body, a cabin is provided on each of the front left and right sides of the upper swing body, and a counterweight is provided on the rear end portion. A generator motor that houses the engine with its output shaft facing in the left-right direction and that performs a generator action and a motor action, a power storage device that is charged by the output of the generator motor, a generator motor and a power storage device In a hybrid construction machine including a hybrid device including an inverter / converter that controls an operation, a power distribution device that distributes engine power to a hydraulic pump and a generator motor is disposed on each of left and right sides of the engine, and the power storage The device and the inverter / converter are arranged side by side behind the cabin and in front of the engine. Power storage device, an inverter / converter, and the respective casings of the power distribution device, which is constituted of the partition wall in plan view L-shape defining the engine room.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the first aspect, the hydraulic pump and the generator motor are connected in parallel to the power distribution device outside the engine room.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the first or second aspect, hydraulic equipment such as a fuel tank, a hydraulic oil tank, and a control valve is disposed outside the engine room.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the configuration according to any one of the first to third aspects, an intake chamber that sucks outside air by a cooling fan is formed on the opposite side of the power distribution device in the engine room, and the power storage device is placed in the intake chamber. It is arranged in the face.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the configuration according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the power storage device is installed on the side closer to the side surface of the upper swing body among the left and right.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of any one of the first to fifth aspects, the cabin and the casing of the power storage device are connected by a duct, and the air in the cabin is led to the power storage device for cooling or heating. It is composed.

  A seventh aspect of the invention is the configuration according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, in which a controller that controls a hybrid device or the like is disposed on the power storage device.

  According to the present invention, the power storage device and the inverter / converter are juxtaposed on the left and right in the rear of the cabin and in front of the engine, and an L-shaped partition wall is formed by both of them and each casing of the power distribution device to partition the engine room. Since it forms, compared with the case where a partition wall for exclusive use is provided conventionally, the apparatus installation space of an upper revolving body can be efficiently utilized and the apparatus can be efficiently stored in a narrow space.

  In addition, by arranging the power storage device and the inverter / converter on the left and right, the wiring between the two can be minimized, so that the wiring work is simplified and the space required for wiring is reduced, and the degree of freedom of layout of the equipment is reduced. Can be increased.

  In this case, in the invention of claim 2, the hydraulic pump and the generator motor are connected in parallel to the power distribution device outside the engine room, and in the invention of claim 3, the oil pressure of the fuel tank, the hydraulic oil tank, the control valve, etc. outside the engine room. Since the devices are arranged, the hydraulic pump and the generator motor, or the hydraulic devices are thermally shut off from the engine by the power distribution device, and adverse effects due to engine heat can be suppressed.

  On the other hand, according to the fourth and fifth aspects of the present invention, the intake chamber for sucking outside air is formed by the cooling fan on the opposite side of the power distribution device in the engine room, and the power storage device is arranged facing the intake chamber. The affected power storage device can be air-cooled by the outside air.

  In this case, according to the invention of claim 5, since the power storage device is disposed on the side (low temperature side) close to the side surface of the revolving structure that contacts the outside air, the cooling effect can be further enhanced. Further, by providing a maintenance port at the position of the power storage device on the side surface of the upper swing body, maintenance and replacement work of the power storage device is facilitated.

  According to the invention of claim 6, since the interior of the cabin and the inside of the casing of the power storage device are connected by the duct and the air in the cabin is guided to the power storage device for cooling or heating, the power storage device is cooled in the cabin. Or, it can be heated and cooled by the warm air as in the cabin. For this reason, the performance degradation due to the heat of the power storage device can be more reliably prevented.

  Incidentally, the controller 21 shown in FIG. 5 has conventionally been arranged in the cabin due to lack of space. For this reason, the electrical connection between the controller 21 and the power storage device 20 outside the cabin, the generator motor 17 and the like is troublesome.

  On the other hand, according to the invention of claim 7, since the controller is arranged on the power storage device outside the cabin, the electrical connection between the controller and the power storage device, the generator motor and the like is facilitated.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  In the embodiment, the same parts as those shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description thereof is omitted.

  FIG. 1 is a view of the equipment arrangement in the upper swing body 2 as seen from above.

  An engine 14 is installed at the rear part of the upper swing body 2, and the left side in front of the engine 14 and behind the cabin 10 (left side as viewed from an operator seated in the cabin 10. The same applies to the left and right and front and rear directions described below. ) And the inverter / converter 19 are arranged side by side with almost no gap on the right side.

  On the other hand, a power distribution device 15 that distributes engine power to the hydraulic pump 16 and the generator motor 17 is provided on the right side of the engine 14.

  The power distribution device 15 is arranged in a state where the rear end portion is close to the inner surface of the counterweight 11 and the front end portion is in contact with or close to the right side surface of the inverter / converter 19.

  An L-shaped partition wall W is formed by the casings of the power distribution device 15, the inverter / converter 19 and the power storage device 20 (all of which are almost rectangular boxes, which are not particularly marked in FIG. 1). A room 13 is defined as a space surrounded by the partition wall W and the counterweight 11 at the rear part of the upper swing body 2.

  A device chamber 22 is formed in the entire right side of the upper swing body 2 including the right side of the engine room 13, and a hydraulic pump 16 and a generator motor 17 are connected in parallel to the power distribution device 15 in the rear portion of the device chamber 22. .

  In the equipment chamber 22, an auxiliary power storage device 23, a fuel tank 24, a DC / DC converter 25, a hydraulic oil tank 26, and a control valve 18 are arranged in order from the front.

  Note that the right side surface of the equipment room 22 and the left side surface of the engine room 13 are respectively covered by guard members 27a and 27b indicated by two-dot chain lines in FIG.

  Further, an intake chamber 28 as a part of the engine room 13 is provided on the left side of the engine 14, and the intake chamber 28 is sucked with a cooling fan 29 for sucking outside air as indicated by an arrow in FIG. A radiator 30 and an oil cooler 31 that are cooled by outside air are provided.

  In FIG. 1, 32 is a compressor disposed behind the engine 14 in the engine room 13, and 33 is an engine muffler.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a controller 21 (not shown in FIG. 1 for simplification) is arranged above the power storage device 20.

  The controller 21 is housed in the casing 34 in a tilted posture, as shown, in order to reduce the overall height, and is placed on the casing 35 of the power storage device 20.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the controller 21 includes a hybrid control portion 21a and a hydraulic control portion 21b, which are housed in a casing 34 in a front-to-back overlapping state.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a recessed portion 36 that is recessed forward is formed in the lower portion of the back surface of the cabin 10, and the power storage device 20 and the controller 21 are configured so that a part of each casing 35, 34 is fitted into the recessed portion 36. It is arranged at the rear.

  In this manner, the inverter / converter 19 and the power storage device 20 are arranged side by side behind the cabin 10 and in front of the engine 14, and the L-shaped partition wall W is configured by both of them and each casing of the power distribution device 15. Since the engine room 13 is partitioned, it is possible to eliminate the waste of the partition wall and the surrounding space compared to the case where a dedicated partition wall is provided as in the prior art, and the equipment installation space for the upper swing body 2 is effective. Can be used. That is, many devices can be efficiently stored in a limited space.

  In addition, since the power storage device 20 and the inverter / converter 19 are arranged side by side, the wiring between the two can be minimized, so that the wiring work is simplified and the space required for the wiring is reduced, and the layout of the equipment is free. The degree can be increased.

  On the other hand, the hydraulic pump 16 and the generator motor 17 are connected in parallel to the power distribution device 15 in the equipment room 22 outside the engine room 13, and the oil pressure of the fuel tank 24, hydraulic oil tank 25, control valve 18, etc. is connected to the equipment room 22. Since the devices are arranged, these devices can be thermally shut off from the engine 14 by the power distribution device 15 to suppress adverse effects due to engine heat.

  Furthermore, since the power storage device 20 is arranged facing the intake chamber 28, the power storage device 20 whose performance is degraded by heat can be air-cooled by the outside air.

  In this case, as shown in the figure, since the power storage device 20 is arranged on the left side, that is, on the side close to the side surface of the revolving unit that contacts the outside air (low temperature side), the cooling effect can be further enhanced. Further, by providing a maintenance port at a position facing the power storage device 20 in the left guard member 26b, maintenance and replacement work of the power storage device 20 is facilitated.

  Further, since the controller 21 is arranged on the power storage device 20 outside the cabin 10, the controller 21, the power storage device 20, and the power generation are compared with the case where the controller 21 is installed in the cabin 10 as in the past. The electric motor 17 and the like can be electrically connected outside the cabin 10. For this reason, this connection work becomes easy.

  The power storage device 20 is air-cooled by being arranged facing the intake chamber 28 as described above. In this embodiment, for the purpose of obtaining a higher air-conditioning effect, air for cooling and heating in the cabin 10 is used. The configuration to be used is taken.

  Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, both suction and discharge ducts 37 and 38 are provided on the outer rear side (recess 36) of the cabin 10.

  The suction duct 37 is disposed on the right side of the cabin 10, and the discharge duct 38 is disposed on the left side, with one end communicating with the cabin 10 and the other end communicating with the casing 35 of the power storage device 20. Both suction and discharge fans (not shown) are provided at the cabin side ends of 37 and 38.

  Thus, cool air or warm air in the cabin 10 is introduced into the casing 35 of the power storage device 20 from the suction duct 37 and passes through the casing 35 from the right end to the left end, and then discharged from the left end through the duct 38 to the cabin 10. It is configured to go back in.

  With this forced air conditioning system, the power storage device 20 can be maintained at a temperature condition equivalent to that in the cabin 10, and in particular, deterioration in performance due to overheating in summer and overcooling in winter can be prevented.

  In addition, you may comprise so that both the ducts 37 and 38 may provide an on-off valve, and when the air-conditioning effect | action of the electrical storage apparatus 20 is unnecessary, the distribution | circulation of the air in the cabin 10 is interrupted | blocked.

  By the way, the present invention uses a clam cell type bucket as a modification of the shovel, a machine having a gripping type or a vibration type crushing device instead of the bucket 5 as an example of diversion of the shovel, and a telescopic arm. It can also be applied to existing machines.

It is a top view which shows the equipment arrangement | positioning of the upper turning body in the shovel concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a side view which expands and shows a partly opened part of the shovel. It is a rear view of the part shown in FIG. It is a side view which shows the general structure of an shovel. It is a block block diagram of the drive system and control system in the case of configuring the excavator as a hybrid type.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Lower traveling body 2 Upper turning body 10 Cabin 11 Counterweight 13 Engine room 14 Engine 15 Power distribution device 16 Hydraulic pump 17 Generator motor 18 Control valve 19 Inverter / converter 20 Power storage device 21 Controller 24 Fuel tank 25 Hydraulic oil tank 28 Intake chamber 29 Cooling fan 34 Controller casing 35 Power storage device casing W Partition wall 37 Suction duct 38 Discharge duct

Claims (7)

  An upper revolving unit is mounted on the lower traveling unit, a cabin is provided on each of the front left and right sides of the upper revolving unit, and a counterweight is provided on the rear end, and an engine is provided behind the counterweight and in front of the counterweight. Is stored in a state in which it faces left and right, and a generator motor that performs a generator action and a motor action, a power storage device that is charged by the output of the generator motor, and an inverter / converter that controls the action of the generator motor and the power storage device In a hybrid construction machine including a hybrid device including: a power distribution device that distributes engine power to a hydraulic pump and a generator motor on the left and right sides of the engine; and the power storage device and the inverter / converter, It is arranged behind the cabin and in front of the engine side by side. Motor / converter, and the respective casings of the power distribution device, a hybrid construction machine, characterized in that to constitute a partition wall in plan view L-shape defining the engine room.   2. The hybrid construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic pump and the generator motor are connected in parallel to the power distribution device outside the engine room.   The hybrid construction machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein hydraulic equipment such as a fuel tank, a hydraulic oil tank, and a control valve is disposed outside the engine room.   4. An intake chamber for sucking outside air by a cooling fan is formed on the opposite side of the power distribution device in the engine room, and the power storage device is arranged facing the intake chamber. The hybrid construction machine described in 1.   The hybrid construction machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the power storage device is installed on a side closer to a side surface of the upper swing body among the left and right.   The interior of the cabin and the casing of the power storage device are connected by a duct, and the air in the cabin is guided to the power storage device for cooling or heating. Hybrid construction machine.   The hybrid construction machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a controller for controlling the hybrid device or the like is disposed on the power storage device.

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