JP2010138054A - Nanocarbon manufacturing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently mass-produce high functional nanocarbon having high purity and high stability. <P>SOLUTION: The nanocarbon manufacturing apparatus is provided with: a container 1 having refractory arranged inside and an insulating material 5 arranged outside; a pyrolytic furnace 2; a carbon forming furnace 3, and a combustion furnace 4, which are respectively arranged on the uppermost stage, a middle stage and the lowermost stage in the container 1. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a nanocarbon production apparatus for efficiently producing highly useful fibrous nanocarbon such as carbon nanotubes.

Examples of the method for producing the carbon nanotube include an arc discharge method, a laser vapor deposition method, and a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method).
The arc discharge method is a method in which graphite is evaporated by causing an arc discharge between positive and negative graphite electrodes, and carbon nanotubes are generated in a carbon deposit condensed at the tip of the cathode (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ). The laser vapor deposition method is a method of generating a carbon nanotube by putting a graphite sample mixed with a metal catalyst in an inert gas heated to a high temperature and irradiating it with a laser (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

In general, the arc discharge method or the laser evaporation method can produce carbon nanotubes with good crystallinity, but it is said that the amount of carbon nanotubes to be produced is small and difficult to produce in large quantities.
In the CVD method, a vapor phase growth substrate method (for example, refer to Patent Document 3) in which carbon nanotubes are generated on a substrate disposed in a reaction furnace, and a catalyst metal and a carbon source are flowed together in a high-temperature furnace. There are two methods such as a fluidized gas phase method (see, for example, Patent Document 4).

  However, since the vapor phase growth substrate method is a badge process, mass production is difficult. Further, the fluidized gas phase method is said to be difficult to produce carbon nanotubes with low temperature uniformity and good crystallinity. Further, as a development type of the fluidized gas phase method, a method of forming a fibrous nanocarbon by forming a fluidized bed with a fluid material also serving as a catalyst in a high-temperature furnace and supplying a carbon raw material has been proposed. However, it is considered difficult to produce carbon nanotubes with low temperature uniformity in the furnace and good crystallinity.

If carbon nanotubes with high purity and stability can be mass-produced efficiently at low cost, it will be possible to supply large quantities of nanotechnology products that make use of the characteristics of carbon nanotubes at low cost. .
JP 2000-95509 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-273308 JP 2000-86217 A JP 2003-342840 A

  The present invention has been made in consideration of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a nanocarbon production apparatus capable of efficiently mass-producing highly functional nanocarbon having high purity and stability at low cost.

  The nanocarbon production apparatus according to the present invention includes a housing in which a refractory material is disposed on the inside and a heat insulating material is disposed on the outside, and a pyrolysis furnace sequentially disposed in the uppermost, middle, and lowermost stages inside the housing. And a carbon generating furnace and a combustion furnace.

  According to the present invention, highly functional nanocarbon having high purity and stability can be mass-produced efficiently at low cost.

Hereinafter, the nanocarbon production apparatus of the present invention will be described in more detail.
(1) As described above, the nanocarbon manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention includes a casing, and a pyrolysis furnace, a carbon generation furnace, and a combustion furnace, which are sequentially arranged in the uppermost, middle, and lowermost stages inside the casing. And has. According to such a configuration, it is possible to realize a nanocarbon production apparatus having a compact configuration as compared with the case where the pyrolysis furnace, the carbon generation furnace, and the combustion furnace are individually arranged.
(2) As the pyrolysis furnace of (1) above, a pyrolysis furnace drum fixed to the casing, a transfer screw arranged in the drum, and a raw material into which the raw material is charged into the pyrolysis furnace drum Indirect external heating type equipped with a charging device, and a configuration in which a raw material of nanocarbon is generated by carbonizing in a reducing atmosphere while moving an object to be processed.

(3) In the above (1) or (2), it is preferable that the carbide is combusted in the combustion furnace and the combustion gas is used as a heat source for each of the pyrolysis furnace and the carbon generation furnace. In the case of such a configuration, the high-temperature combustion gas generated in the combustion furnace becomes a heat transfer in the casing of the heat insulating structure, so that heat loss can be reduced.
(4) In the above (1) to (3), the pyrolysis furnace and the carbon production furnace are connected by a pipe having the shortest distance between them, and pyrolysis gas containing hydrocarbons generated in the pyrolysis furnace is used. It is preferable that the pipe is sent to a carbon generation furnace to form a raw material gas for producing nanocarbon. With such a configuration, the pyrolysis gas can be used effectively, and the production efficiency of nanocarbon can be increased.

(5) In the above (1) to (4), it is preferable that an injection means for injecting a catalytic metal into the carbon generating furnace is provided in the casing. By setting it as such a structure, nanocarbon can be produced | generated by the production | generation board arrange | positioned in a carbon production furnace. In this case, examples of the catalyst metal include iron powder.
(6) In the above (1) to (5), the combustion furnace mixes and burns the reaction residual gas, carbide, and auxiliary fuel that come out of the carbon generation furnace, and burns the combustion gas into the carbon generation furnace and the pyrolysis furnace. It is preferable that the heat source be configured as a heat source. With this configuration, the combustion gas generated in the combustion furnace can be effectively used as a heat source for the carbon generation furnace and the pyrolysis furnace.

  (7) In (1) to (6) above, dilution air is introduced into the region between the pyrolysis furnace and the carbon generation furnace and the region between the carbon generation furnace and the combustion furnace provided in the casing. It is preferable that the apparatus further includes an air introduction unit for adjusting the flow of the dilution air provided in both the regions. In such a configuration, the flow regulating plate regulates the flow of the combustion gas supplied from the combustion furnace to the carbon generating furnace and the combustion gas supplied from the carbon generating furnace to the pyrolysis furnace, so that the carbon generating furnace and the pyrolysis furnace are used. The necessary temperature distribution can be created, and the combustion gas can be used effectively.

Next, a nanocarbon production apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Note that the present embodiment is not limited to the following description.
The nanocarbon manufacturing apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a casing 1 and a pyrolysis furnace 2, a carbon generation furnace 3, and a combustion furnace 4 that are sequentially arranged in the uppermost, middle, and lowermost stages inside the casing 1. I have. The casing 1 has a configuration in which a refractory material 5 is disposed on the inner side and a heat insulating material (not shown) is disposed on the outer side.

  The pyrolysis furnace 2 is an indirect external heating type, and a pyrolysis furnace drum 6 fixed to the housing 1 and a pyrolysis residue transfer screw (hereinafter referred to as a transfer screw) disposed in the pyrolysis furnace drum 6. 7) and a raw material charging device 8 for charging the raw material into the pyrolysis furnace drum 6, and a carbonized material is generated in a reducing atmosphere while moving the object to be processed to generate a nanocarbon raw material. Yes. The pyrolysis furnace 2 is provided with a pressure gauge 9 for measuring the pressure in the pyrolysis furnace 2. The transfer screw 7 is driven by a drive motor 10.

  The raw material charging device 8 is disposed on the lower side of the hopper 12 for charging a raw material 11 containing hydrocarbons such as biomass (wood, bamboo, etc.), sludge, waste, etc., and heats the raw material 9. The feeding screw 13 for feeding to the cracking furnace drum 6 and a drive motor 14 for driving the feeding screw 13 are configured.

The carbon generation furnace 3 includes a carbon generation furnace vessel 15, a carbon transfer means 16, a catalyst supply means 17 for supplying a catalyst into the carbon generation furnace vessel 15, and a plurality of carbon generators arranged in the carbon generation furnace vessel 15. The production | generation board 18 is provided.
The carbon transfer means 16 includes a casing 19 communicating with the carbon generating furnace vessel 15, a transfer screw 20 disposed in the casing 19 and the carbon generating furnace vessel 15, a drive motor 21 for driving the transfer screw 20, A rotary valve 23 interposed in a pipe 22 connected to the casing 19 and a reaction residual gas pipe 24 communicating with the carbon generating furnace vessel 15 are provided. The temperature of the carbon generation chamber 25 in the carbon generation furnace container 15 is measured by a thermometer 26.

  The combustion furnace 4 includes a combustion furnace container 27, a pyrolysis residue charging device 28, an incineration residue discharging device 29, and an auxiliary burner 30. The pyrolysis residue charging device 28 has a hopper 32 for charging the pyrolysis residue 31 from the pyrolysis furnace 2, a charging screw 33 for supplying the pyrolysis residue 31 to the combustion furnace container 27, and driving the charging screw 33. Drive motor 34. A plurality of combustion gas outlet nozzles 37 for supplying the combustion gas 36 from the combustion chamber 35 in the combustion furnace vessel 25 to the carbon generating furnace 3 side are provided on the upper portion of the combustion furnace vessel 25. The temperature in the combustion chamber 35 is measured by a thermometer 38.

  The incineration residue discharge device 29 includes a casing 39 communicating with the combustion furnace container 27, a combustion residue transfer screw 40 disposed in the combustion furnace container 25 and the casing 39, and a drive motor 41 for driving the transfer screw 40. And a rotary valve 43 interposed in a pipe 42 communicating with the casing 39.

  A thermometer 45 for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas 44 in the upper region of the pyrolysis furnace 2 is disposed at the upper portion of the housing 1. In addition, a chimney 46 for discharging the exhaust gas 44 is provided at the top of the housing 1. The pyrolysis furnace 2 and the carbon generating furnace vessel 15 of the carbon generating furnace 3 are communicated with each other by a pyrolysis gas pipe 47 so as to connect them at the shortest distance.

In the region between the pyrolysis furnace 2 and the carbon generating furnace 3 and in the region between the carbon generating furnace 3 and the combustion furnace 4, an air introduction pipe 48 as an air introduction means and a flow adjustment for adjusting the flow of the introduced air. Each plate 49 is provided. In the figure, reference numeral 51 denotes pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis furnace 2, reference numeral 52 denotes auxiliary combustion supplied to the combustion furnace 4, reference numeral 53 denotes combustion air, reference numeral 54 denotes a reaction residual gas combustion flame, Reference numeral 55 indicates the auxiliary burner flame, and reference numeral 56 indicates the incineration residue discharged from the combustion furnace 4. Reference numeral 57 in the figure indicates a catalyst supply pipe (catalyst supply means) for introducing a catalyst into the carbon generation furnace vessel 15 of the carbon generation furnace 3.

Next, the operation in the case of producing nanocarbon with the nanocarbon production apparatus of FIG. 1 will be described.
First, an indirect external heating type is adopted for the pyrolysis furnace 2 and fixed, the outside of the pyrolysis furnace drum 5 is heated and carbonized in a reducing atmosphere while the workpiece is moved by the transfer screw 7. This carbide burns in the combustion furnace 4 and becomes a heat source for the pyrolysis furnace 2 and the carbon generation furnace 3. The pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis furnace 2 is sent to the carbon generation furnace 3 without being cooled. Therefore, tar is not generated in the pyrolysis furnace 2.

  The pyrolysis gas containing hydrocarbons is sent to the carbon generating furnace 3 through the pyrolysis gas pipe 47 at the shortest distance, and becomes a raw material gas for producing the nanocarbon 58. The carbon generation furnace 3 is also externally heated to generate carbon in a reducing atmosphere. Here, a catalytic metal such as iron powder is injected into the carbon generating furnace vessel 15 of the carbon generating furnace 3 from the catalyst supply pipe 57 in order to generate nanocarbon 58.

The carbide is burned by mixing the residual reaction gas 59 and the auxiliary fuel 52 that are discharged from the carbon generating furnace 3 in the combustion furnace 4. The high-temperature combustion gas 36 generated in the combustion furnace 4 heats the carbon generation furnace 3 to the outside, and further heats the pyrolysis furnace 2 to the outside. Here, since the combustion gas 36 performs heat transfer in the housing 1 having a heat insulating structure, heat loss can be reduced.
The inside of the housing 1 is kept at a slight negative pressure by the draft effect of the chimney 46, and the inside of the pyrolysis furnace 2 and the carbon generating furnace 3 is maintained in a reducing atmosphere by making a seal structure in which outside air does not enter.

As described above, the nanocarbon manufacturing apparatus according to the above embodiment includes a housing 1 in which a refractory material is disposed on the inside and a heat insulating material 5 is disposed on the outside, as shown in FIG. A pyrolysis furnace 2, a carbon generation furnace 3, and a combustion furnace 4 are disposed in the uppermost stage, the middle stage, and the lowermost stage, respectively. The furnace 2 is configured to be externally heated. In this case, since the high-temperature combustion gas 36 becomes a heat transfer in the housing 1 having a heat insulating structure, heat loss can be reduced.
Further, the inside of the housing 1 is kept at a slight negative pressure by the draft effect of the chimney 46, and the inside of the pyrolysis furnace 2 and the carbon generating furnace 3 is maintained in a reducing atmosphere by adopting a seal structure in which outside air does not enter. Can do.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. Further, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of constituent elements disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, you may combine suitably the component covering different embodiment. Specifically, in the above embodiment, for example, a suction fan may be provided in the chimney to draw in the exhaust gas. In this case, the pyrolysis furnace and the carbon generation furnace can be more reliably maintained in a reducing atmosphere by the suction fan.

It is the schematic of the nanocarbon manufacturing apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Housing | casing, 2 ... Pyrolysis furnace, 3 ... Carbon production furnace, 4 ... Combustion furnace, 5 ... Thermal insulation, 7,20 ... Transfer screw, 8 ... Raw material charging device, 9 ... Pyrolysis furnace pressure gauge, 10 , 14, 21, 34, 41 ... drive motor, 12, 32 ... hopper, 13, 33 ... charging screw, 13 ... heat insulating material, 15 ... carbon generating furnace vessel, 16 ... carbon transfer screw, 17 ... catalyst supply pipe (catalyst (Supply means), 18 ... generating plate, 19, 39 ... casing, 23, 43 ... rotary valve, 24 ... reaction residual gas piping, 25 ... carbon generating chamber, 26 ... carbon generating furnace thermometer, 27 ... combustion furnace vessel, 28 ... Pyrolysis residue charging device, 29 ... Incineration residue production device, 30 ... Auxiliary burner, 31 ... Pyrolysis residue, 35 ... Combustion chamber, 36 ... Combustion gas, 37 ... Combustion gas outlet nozzle, 38 ... Combustion chamber thermometer, 40 ... combustion residue transfer Screw, 44 ... exhaust gas 45 ... exhaust gas thermometer, 47 ... pyrolysis gas pipe, 48 ... air introduction pipe, 49 ... flow control plate, 51 ... pyrolysis gas.

Claims (7)

A housing having a refractory material on the inside and a heat insulating material on the outside, and a pyrolysis furnace, a carbon generation furnace, and a combustion furnace sequentially arranged in the uppermost, middle, and lowermost stages inside the housing. An apparatus for producing nanocarbon, characterized in that: The pyrolysis furnace is an indirect external unit comprising a pyrolysis furnace drum fixed to the casing, a transfer screw disposed in the drum, and a raw material charging device for charging the raw material into the pyrolysis furnace drum. 2. The nanocarbon production apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the nanocarbon production apparatus is a heating type and is configured to generate a nanocarbon raw material by carbonizing in a reducing atmosphere while moving an object to be processed. 3. The nanocarbon production apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the carbide is burned in the combustion furnace, and the combustion gas is used as a heat source for each of the pyrolysis furnace and the carbon generation furnace. The pyrolysis furnace and the carbon production furnace are connected by a pipe having the shortest distance between them, and a pyrolysis gas containing hydrocarbons generated in the pyrolysis furnace is sent to the carbon production furnace through the pipe to generate nanocarbon. The apparatus for producing nanocarbon according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the apparatus is configured as a raw material gas. The nanocarbon production apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an injection means for injecting a catalytic metal into the carbon generating furnace is provided in the casing. The combustion furnace has a configuration in which a reaction residual gas, a carbide, and an auxiliary fuel that come out of the carbon generation furnace are mixed and burned, and the combustion gas is used as a heat source for the carbon generation furnace and the pyrolysis furnace. Item 6. The nanocarbon production apparatus according to any one of Items 1 to 5. Air introduction means for introducing dilution air to the region between the pyrolysis furnace and the carbon generation furnace and the region between the carbon generation furnace and the combustion furnace provided in the casing, and provided in both the regions The apparatus for producing nanocarbon according to claim 1, further comprising a flow adjusting plate for adjusting the flow of the diluted air.

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