JP2010091934A5 - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- JP2010091934A5 JP2010091934A5 JP2008263959A JP2008263959A JP2010091934A5 JP 2010091934 A5 JP2010091934 A5 JP 2010091934A5 JP 2008263959 A JP2008263959 A JP 2008263959A JP 2008263959 A JP2008263959 A JP 2008263959A JP 2010091934 A5 JP2010091934 A5 JP 2010091934A5
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- photosensitive member
- polishing
- electrophotographic photosensitive
- electrophotographic
- cleaning
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Description
本発明は、電子写真装置の製造方法及びプロセスカートリッジの製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electrophotographic apparatus and a method for manufacturing a process cartridge.
近年、電子写真感光体は、低価格及び高生産性等の利点から、光導電性物質（電荷発生物質や電荷輸送物質）として有機材料を用いた感光層（有機感光層）を支持体上に設けてなる電子写真感光体、いわゆる有機電子写真感光体が普及している。有機電子写真感光体としては、光導電性染料や光導電性顔料等の電荷発生物質を含有する電荷発生層と光導電性ポリマーや光導電性低分子化合物等の電荷輸送物質を含有する電荷輸送層とを積層してなる感光層、いわゆる積層型感光層を有するものが主流である。これは、高感度及び材料設計の多様性等の利点を考慮したものである。 In recent years, electrophotographic photoreceptors have a photosensitive layer (organic photosensitive layer) using an organic material as a photoconductive substance (charge generating substance or charge transporting substance) on a support due to advantages such as low cost and high productivity. An electrophotographic photosensitive member provided, so-called organic electrophotographic photosensitive member, has become widespread. As an organic electrophotographic photoreceptor, a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material such as a photoconductive dye or a photoconductive pigment, and a charge transport containing a charge transport material such as a photoconductive polymer or a photoconductive low molecular weight compound The mainstream is a photosensitive layer formed by laminating layers, that is, a so-called laminated photosensitive layer. This takes into account advantages such as high sensitivity and diversity in material design.
一般に電子写真感光体は、現像材と共に、帯電、露光、現像、転写、クリーニング等からなる一連の電子写真画像形成プロセスにおいて用いられるが、電気的外力や機械的外力が直接加えられる。そのため、特にその表面層にはこれら外力よって引き起こされる多くの課題が発生する。具体的な課題の例としては、表面層の傷や磨耗の発生による耐久性能の低下、現像材の融着やフィルミング、転写効率の低下、画像流れ、クリーニング不良等による画像欠陥等が挙げられる。 In general, an electrophotographic photoreceptor is used in a series of electrophotographic image forming processes including charging, exposure, development, transfer, cleaning, and the like together with a developer, but an electric external force or a mechanical external force is directly applied. Therefore, many problems caused by these external forces occur particularly in the surface layer. Specific examples of problems include a decrease in durability performance due to the occurrence of scratches and wear on the surface layer, fusion and filming of the developer, a decrease in transfer efficiency, image defects due to image flow, poor cleaning, and the like. .
本発明は、上記の課題のうち、クリーニング不良の課題解決に関わる発明である。 The present invention is an invention related to solving the problem of defective cleaning among the above problems.
まず、クリーニングとは、転写されずに電子写真感光体の表面に残留したトナーをクリーニングブレードにて除去する工程を指す。クリーニング不良の原因としては、クリーニングブレードのびびり、めくれ、クリーニングブレードのエッジのえぐれ、欠け、クリーニングブレードと電子写真感光体のニップ部への異物の挟まり等が挙げられる。これらの結果として、トナーがクリーニングされず、次工程の出力画像に異常をきたすのである。 First, cleaning and refers to the process of removing the toner remaining on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member without being transferred by the cleaning blade. Causes of cleaning failure include chattering of the cleaning blade, turning over, chipping or chipping of the edge of the cleaning blade, and foreign matter being caught in the nip portion between the cleaning blade and the electrophotographic photosensitive member . As a result, the toner is not cleaned, and an output image in the next process is abnormal.
上記のクリーニング不良を解決する手法として、電子写真感光体の表面を粗面化する方法がある。粗面化の手段として、特許文献１には、表面層を形成する際の乾燥条件を制御することにより、電子写真感光体の表面をユズ肌状に粗面化する方法が開示されている。また、特許文献２には、表面層に粒子を含有させることで、電子写真感光体の表面を粗面化する技術が開示されている。また、特許文献３には、特定のクリーニング手段及びトナーを用い、有機電子写真感光体の表面を粗面化する技術が開示されている。また、特許文献４には、フィルム状研磨材を用いて表面層の表面を研磨することによって、電子写真感光体の表面を粗面化する技術が開示されている。また、特許文献５には、ブラスト処理により電子写真感光体の周面を粗面化する技術が開示されている。 As a technique for solving the above-mentioned cleaning failure, there is a method of roughening the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. As a means for roughening, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for roughening the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member into a crusty skin by controlling drying conditions when forming a surface layer. Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for roughening the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member by containing particles in a surface layer. Patent Document 3 discloses a technique for roughening the surface of an organic electrophotographic photoreceptor using specific cleaning means and toner. Patent Document 4 discloses a technique for roughening the surface of an electrophotographic photoreceptor by polishing the surface of the surface layer using a film-like abrasive. Patent Document 5 discloses a technique for roughening the peripheral surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member by blasting.
上記の粗面化手法の中でも、研磨部材を電子写真感光体の表面に当接して電子写真感光体の表面を粗面化する方法は、技術的に簡便で汎用性が高く、また低コストであり、量産性にも優れているため、有利である。 Among the above-mentioned roughening method, a method of roughening the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the abrasive member in contact with the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, technically high simple, versatile and low cost It is advantageous because it is excellent in mass productivity.
研磨部材を用いて電子写真感光体を粗面化する手段としては、特許文献６に、金属製のワイヤーブラシを用いて表面層の表面を研磨することによって、電子写真感光体の表面を粗面化する技術が開示されている。また、特許文献７には、砥石、あるいは研磨ベルトを用いて表面層の表面を研磨する技術が開示されている。また、特許文献８には、ラッピングテープを用いて表面層の表面を機械研磨する技術が開示されている。また、参考文献９には、表面粗さを制御してラッピングシートを用いて研磨を行う技術が開示されている。 As a means for roughening the electrophotographic photosensitive member by using a polishing member, in Patent Document 6, by polishing the surface of the surface layer by using a metal wire brush, rough surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member The technology to be converted is disclosed. Patent Document 7 discloses a technique for polishing the surface of a surface layer using a grindstone or a polishing belt. Patent Document 8 discloses a technique for mechanically polishing the surface of a surface layer using a wrapping tape. Reference 9 discloses a technique for controlling the surface roughness and polishing using a lapping sheet.
研磨部材を用いて電子写真感光体を粗面化する方法で得られた電子写真感光体は、既存の電子写真プロセスにおいて成果を挙げてきた。
しかしながら、電子写真のタンデム化に伴い、クリーニング性能に求められる要求レベルはますます高くなってきている。例えば、多様化するメディア種に対応するために、ひとつの機械に高速と低速のプロセススピードが設定される場合、それぞれの条件でクリーニングを成立させなければならない。また、タンデム方式では、フルカラー出力時、クリーニングブレードのニップにトナーがある状態でも、単色出力時、非出力色のクリーニングブレードのニップにトナーが無い状態でも安定したクリーニングを維持しなければならず、より許容範囲の広いクリーニング性能が必要となる。他にも、カラーとブラックでトナー種や帯電方式が異なる場合、それらの条件に全て対応できるクリーニングシステムが必要となる。 However, as electrophotography becomes tandem, the required level required for cleaning performance is increasing. For example, in order to cope with diversified media types, when a high speed and a low process speed are set in one machine, cleaning must be established under each condition. In the tandem method, stable cleaning must be maintained even when toner is in the nip of the cleaning blade at full color output, or even when there is no toner in the nip of the cleaning blade for non-output colors at the time of single color output. A cleaning performance with a wider tolerance is required. In addition, when the toner type and charging method are different between color and black, a cleaning system that can cope with all of these conditions is required.
多様化する要求に広く対応できるクリーニング性能が求められており、許容範囲の広いクリーニングシステムを開発する必要があった。一方、先に述べたように、電子写真感光体においては、研磨部材を用いて電子写真感光体の表面を粗面化する方法が有利である。そこで、本発明者等は、研磨部材で電子写真感光体の表面を粗面化する手法を採用した上で、従来よりも許容範囲の広いクリーニングシステムを開発することを目的として検討を行った。 There is a demand for cleaning performance that can meet a wide variety of demands, and it is necessary to develop a cleaning system with a wide tolerance. On the other hand, as described above, in the electrophotographic photoreceptor, a method of roughening the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member with a polishing member is advantageous. The present inventors have, after adopting the method of surface roughening of the electrophotographic photosensitive member by polishing member, was studied in order to develop a broad cleaning system of tolerance than conventional.
すなわち、本発明の目的は、研磨部材で表面を粗面化した電子写真感光体を用いて、従来よりも許容範囲の広いクリーニングシステムを達成できる電子写真装置の製造方法及びプロセスカートリッジの製造方法を提供することである。 An object of the present invention, by using the electrophotographic photoreceptor whose surface is roughened by polishing member, a manufacturing method of a manufacturing method and a process cartridge of an electrophotographic apparatus capable of achieving a wide cleaning system of tolerance than conventional Is to provide.
本発明者らは、電子写真感光体の研磨目の方向と画像形成プロセス中の回転方向を指定することでクリーニングの許容範囲が拡大することを見出した。 The present inventors have found that the allowable range of cleaning by specifying the rotation direction of the polishing grain direction and the image forming process of the electrophotographic photosensitive member has been found to expand.
本発明に従って、表面層を有する円筒状の電子写真感光体の表面を研磨する研磨工程と、
電子写真感光体にクリーニングブレードが画像形成プロセス中の電子写真感光体の回転方向に対してカウンター方向に当接される電子写真装置に、該研磨工程後の電子写真感光体を設置する設置工程と
を有する電子写真装置の製造方法において、
該研磨工程が、研磨部材と該研磨工程前の電子写真感光体とを接触させ、該研磨部材と該研磨工程前の電子写真感光体とを、該研磨工程前の電子写真感光体の周方向のいずれか一方向に相対的に移動させて、該研磨工程前の電子写真感光体の表面を研磨する工程であり、
該設置工程が、該研磨工程後の電子写真感光体の研磨目の方向と、画像形成プロセス中の電子写真感光体の回転方向とが同じ向きとなるように、該研磨工程後の電子写真感光体を該電子写真装置に設置する工程である
ことを特徴とする電子写真装置の製造方法が提供される。
In accordance with the present invention, a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member Migaku Ken step you polishing a surface of which has a surface layer,
In an electrophotographic apparatus that will be abutted against a counter direction with respect to the rotation direction of the electronic photosensitive member in the cleaning blade in the image forming process electronic photosensitive member, install the electrophotographic photosensitive member after the polishing step the manufacturing method of an electrophotographic apparatus having a Installation step,
The polishing step, the polishing member and brought into contact with an electrophotographic photosensitive member prior to the polishing step, the circumferential direction of the polishing member and the pre-polishing step and the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the polishing step before the electrophotographic photosensitive member Noi are relatively moved to shift one direction, a step of polishing the surface of the polishing step before the electrophotographic photosensitive member,
The set location process, the direction of the polishing marks of the electrophotographic photosensitive member after the polishing step, so that the rotational direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member in the image forming process is the same direction, electrophotographic after the polishing step There is provided a method of manufacturing an electrophotographic apparatus, which is a step of installing a photoconductor in the electrophotographic apparatus.
更に、本発明に従って、表面層を有する円筒状の電子写真感光体の表面を研磨する研磨工程と、
電子写真感光体にクリーニングブレードが画像形成プロセス中の電子写真感光体の回転方向に対してカウンター方向に当接されるプロセスカートリッジに、該研磨工程後の電子写真感光体を設置する設置工程と
を有するプロセスカートリッジの製造方法において、
該研磨工程が、研磨部材と該研磨工程前の電子写真感光体とを接触させ、該研磨部材と該研磨工程前の電子写真感光体とを、該研磨工程前の電子写真感光体の周方向のいずれか一方向に相対的に移動させて、該研磨工程前の電子写真感光体の表面を研磨する工程であり、
該設置工程が、該研磨工程後の電子写真感光体の研磨目の方向と、画像形成プロセス中の電子写真感光体の回転方向とが同じ向きとなるように、該研磨工程後の電子写真感光体を該プロセスカートリッジに設置する工程である
ことを特徴とするプロセスカートリッジの製造方法が提供される。
Further, according to the present invention, a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member Migaku Ken step you polishing a surface of which has a surface layer,
Set in a process cartridge that will be abutted in a counter direction with respect to the cleaning blade electronic photosensitive member rotational direction of the electronic photosensitive member in an image forming process, install the electrophotographic photosensitive member after the polishing step In a manufacturing method of a process cartridge having a placing step,
The polishing step, the polishing member and brought into contact with an electrophotographic photosensitive member prior to the polishing step, the circumferential direction of the polishing member and the pre-polishing step and the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the polishing step before the electrophotographic photosensitive member Noi are relatively moved to shift one direction, a step of polishing the surface of the polishing step before the electrophotographic photosensitive member,
The set location process, the direction of the polishing marks of the electrophotographic photosensitive member after the polishing step, so that the rotational direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member in the image forming process is the same direction, electrophotographic after the polishing step A process cartridge manufacturing method is provided, which is a step of installing a photoconductor in the process cartridge.
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、研磨部材で表面を粗面化した電子写真感光体を用いて、従来よりも許容範囲の広いクリーニングシステムを構築できる。 As described above, according to the present invention, by using the electrophotographic photoreceptor whose surface is roughened by polishing member can be constructed a wide cleaning system of tolerance than conventional.
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
＜研磨工程＞
本発明にかかる研磨工程は、少なくとも、研磨部材と研磨工程前の電子写真感光体を接触させ、研磨部材と研磨工程前の電子写真感光体を、電子写真感光体の周方向のいずれか一方向に相対的に移動させて研磨する工程である。
<Polishing process>
It is written that Migaku Ken step in the present invention, at least, a polishing member and the polishing step is contacted prior to the electrophotographic photoreceptor, the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the polishing step before the polishing member, the circumferential direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member Neu This is a step of polishing by moving the relative displacement in one direction.
本発明に用いる研磨部材としては、砥石、ブラシ、研磨ローラー、ラッピングシート等、公知の部材が使用できる。量産性を考慮すれば、研磨部材の劣化を回避できるもの、交換頻度の少ないものが好ましい。例えば、ロールトゥロールのラッピングシートは、巻き取るにつれて常に新しい面が現れるため、量産性に優れている。 As the polishing member used in the present invention, known members such as a grindstone, a brush, a polishing roller, and a wrapping sheet can be used. In consideration of mass productivity, those that can avoid the deterioration of the polishing member and those that are less frequently replaced are preferable. For example, a roll-to-roll wrapping sheet is excellent in mass productivity because a new surface always appears as it is wound.
研磨部材と電子写真感光体の接触のさせ方は、電子写真感光体の表面が研磨できればいかなる手段を用いてもよい。例えば、研磨部材と電子写真感光体とを移動ステージにそれぞれ固定して、ステージを移動させて接触させる、あるいは、研磨部材をバネで支持し、これに電子写真感光体を押し当てて接触させる等の方法がある。また、接触させる圧力についても、研磨部材の種類によって適切に設定すればよい。その調整方法としては、例えば、砥石等の硬い研磨部材の場合はバネ等によって圧力を調整することができ、ラッピングシート等はゴムやスポンジ等の弾性部材でラッピングシートの背面から押圧し、これの電子写真感光体への侵入量で圧力を調整することができる。 Is manner of contact of the polishing member and the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member may use any means if polishing. For example, each fixed to a polishing member and the electrophotographic photosensitive member to move the stage, is contacted by moving the stage, or the polishing member is supported by a spring, to which such contacting by pressing the electrophotographic photosensitive member There is a way. Moreover, what is necessary is just to set appropriately the pressure made to contact with the kind of grinding | polishing member. As the adjustment method, for example, in the case of a hard polishing member such as a grindstone, the pressure can be adjusted by a spring or the like, and the wrapping sheet or the like is pressed from the back surface of the wrapping sheet by an elastic member such as rubber or sponge. Ru can adjust the pressure in the entry amount of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
研磨部材と電子写真感光体を、周方向に相対的に移動させる手段には下記のパターンがある。
（ａ）電子写真感光体を固定し（回転させず）、研磨部材を電子写真感光体の周面に沿って移動させる（図３）。
（ｂ）電子写真感光体を軸中心に回転させ、研磨部材を固定する（図４）。
（ｃ）電子写真感光体を軸中心に回転させ、かつ、研磨部材を電子写真感光体の周面に沿って移動させる（図５）。
Means for moving the polishing member and the electrophotographic photosensitive member relative to each other in the circumferential direction include the following patterns.
(A) fixing the electrophotographic photoreceptor (without rotation), it is moved along the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the polishing member (Figure 3).
(B) The electrophotographic photosensitive member is rotated around the axis to fix the polishing member (FIG. 4).
(C) an electrophotographic photosensitive member is rotated around the axis, and is moved along the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the polishing member (Figure 5).
本発明の研磨工程は、研磨部材と電子写真感光体を、周方向に相対的に移動させて電子写真感光体の表面が研磨できればよく、上記のいずれの手段を用いてもよい。 Polishing step of the present invention, the polishing member and an electrophotographic photosensitive member, are relatively moved in the circumferential direction as long polishing the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member may be used any means described above.
研磨部材と電子写真感光体を、電子写真感光体の周方向のいずれか一方向に相対的に移動させることに関して、上記の（ａ）〜（ｃ）それぞれについて説明する。また、合わせて、本発明の要点である「研磨目」についても説明する。 The abrasive member and an electrophotographic photosensitive member, with respect to relatively moving in the circumferential direction Neu Zureka first direction of the electrophotographic photoreceptor will be described for each of the (a) ~ (c). In addition, the “polishing eye” that is the main point of the present invention will also be described.
「研磨目」とは、研磨工程後の電子写真感光体の研磨の方向を指定するために本発明者等が定めたものである。「研磨目」とは、電子写真感光体の周面のある点から見たときに、研磨部材が相対的に移動して行く方向を指す。図２を用いて説明する。図２−１は、研磨部材と電子写真感光体を接触させて研磨する場合の略図である。これを図中の矢印の方向から見た図が図２−２である。図２−２のように、電子写真感光体を固定し（回転させず）、研磨部材を矢印のＡの方向に移動させて研磨を行った場合、「研磨目」は、ａの方向を指す。 The “polishing eye” is defined by the present inventors in order to designate the direction of polishing of the electrophotographic photosensitive member after the polishing step . The "polishing marks", when viewed from the point on the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member refers to a direction in which the polishing member is gradually moved relatively. This will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of polishing when a polishing member and an electrophotographic photosensitive member are brought into contact with each other. A view of this from the direction of the arrow in FIG. As shown in Figure 2-2, to secure the electrophotographic photoreceptor (without rotation), if the polishing member was polished by moving in the direction of arrow A, "polishing marks" refers to the direction of a .
これを踏まえて（ａ）〜（ｃ）のそれぞれについて説明する。 Based on this, each of (a) to (c) will be described.
（ａ）の場合について図３を用いて説明する。図３は、図２−２の場合と同じである。電子写真感光体が固定されており、研磨部材を電子写真感光体の周面に沿って、周方向のいずれか一方向に移動させる。Ａ方向に移動させれば、研磨目はａ方向、Ｂ方向に移動させれば、研磨目はｂ方向である。
（ｂ）の場合について図４を用いて説明する。図４も、研磨部材と電子写真感光体の配置は図２の場合と同じである。（ａ）の場合と逆に、（ｂ）の場合は研磨部材が固定されており、電子写真感光体を軸中心でいずれか一方向に回転させる。Ａ’方向に回転させれば、研磨目はｂ方向、Ｂ’方向に回転させれば、研磨目はａ方向である。
（ｃ）の場合は、研磨部材と電子写真感光体の周面の相対速度の関係によって、研磨方向が決まる。その場合分けは以下のとおりである。
（１）電子写真感光体の周面と研磨部材の移動方向が逆。
（２）電子写真感光体の周面と研磨部材の移動方向が同じで、電子写真感光体の周面の速度のほうが速い。
（３）電子写真感光体の周面と研磨部材の移動方向が同じで、移動速度も同じ。
（４）電子写真感光体の周面と研磨部材の移動方向が同じで、研磨部材の速度のほうが速い。
The case of (a) will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is the same as FIG. 2-2. Electrophotographic and photoreceptor are fixed, the abrasive member along the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, to move either in one direction in the circumferential direction. If moved in the A direction, the polishing eye is in the a direction, and if moved in the B direction, the polishing eye is in the b direction.
The case of (b) will be described with reference to FIG. Also in FIG. 4, the arrangement of the polishing member and the electrophotographic photosensitive member is the same as in FIG. Contrary to the case of (a), in the case of (b), the polishing member is fixed, and the electrophotographic photosensitive member is rotated in any one direction around the axis. If rotated in the A ′ direction, the polishing eye is in the b direction, and if rotated in the B ′ direction, the polishing eye is in the a direction.
The In the case of (c), the relationship between the relative speed of the peripheral surface of the abrasive member and an electrophotographic photosensitive member, the polishing direction is determined. The cases are as follows.
(1) moving direction opposite of the peripheral surface and the polishing member of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
(2) moving direction of the peripheral surface and the polishing member of the electrophotographic photosensitive member are the same, more speed of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is high.
(3) the moving direction of the peripheral surface and the polishing member of the electrophotographic photosensitive member are the same, the moving speed is also the same.
(4) moving direction of the peripheral surface and the polishing member of the electrophotographic photosensitive member are the same, is the faster speed of the polishing member.
それぞれについて説明する。 Each will be described.
（１）の場合について図５を用いて説明する。図５では、電子写真感光体がＡ’方向に回転し、研磨部材がＢ方向に移動しており、このとき、研磨目はｂ方向である。図示はしていないが、電子写真感光体の回転方向と研磨部材の移動方向が逆になれば、当然、研磨目の向きも逆になる。 The case of (1) will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 5, the electrophotographic photosensitive member rotates in the A ′ direction, and the polishing member moves in the B direction. At this time, the polishing eye is in the b direction. Although not illustrated, if the moving direction is opposite rotational direction and a polishing member of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, of course, the orientation of the polishing marks also reversed.
（２）の場合について図６を用いて説明する。図６では、電子写真感光体がＡ’方向に回転し、研磨部材がＡ方向に移動しており、電子写真感光体の周面の速度の方が早い。このとき、電子写真感光体の周面のある点から研磨部材を見たとき、研磨部材は相対的にｂ方向に移動していくので、研磨目はｂ方向である。図示はしていないが、電子写真感光体の回転方向と研磨部材の移動方向が逆になれば、当然、研磨目の向きも逆になる。 The case (2) will be described with reference to FIG. In Figure 6, the electrophotographic photosensitive member is rotated in the A 'direction, the polishing member is moved in the direction A, towards the speed of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is earlier. At this time, when viewed polishing member from a point on the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the abrasive member moves relatively b direction, polishing marks are b direction. Although not illustrated, if the moving direction is opposite rotational direction and a polishing member of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, of course, the orientation of the polishing marks also reversed.
（３）の場合について図７を用いて説明する。図７では、電子写真感光体がＡ’方向に回転し、研磨部材がＡ方向に移動しており、その速度は同じである。この場合は、電子写真感光体の表面を研磨することができないので、本発明の主旨から外れている。 The case (3) will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 7, the electrophotographic photosensitive member rotates in the A ′ direction, the polishing member moves in the A direction, and the speed is the same. In this case, it is impossible to polish the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, it is deviated from the gist of the present invention.
（４）の場合について図８を用いて説明する。図８では、電子写真感光体がＡ’方向に回転し、研磨部材がＡ方向に移動しており、研磨部材の速度の方が早い。このとき、電子写真感光体の周面のある点から研磨部材を見たとき、研磨部材は相対的にａ方向に移動していくので、研磨目はａ方向である。図示はしていないが、電子写真感光体の回転方向と研磨部材の移動方向が逆になれば、当然、研磨目の向きも逆になる。 The case of (4) will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 8, the electrophotographic photosensitive member rotates in the A ′ direction, the polishing member moves in the A direction, and the speed of the polishing member is faster. At this time, when viewed polishing member from a point on the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, since the polishing member moves relatively a direction, polishing marks is a direction. Although not illustrated, if the moving direction is opposite rotational direction and a polishing member of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, of course, the orientation of the polishing marks also reversed.
＜クリーニングブレード＞
クリーニングブレードの材質は、弾性体が好ましい。一般的には、特にウレタンゴムが使用されている。弾性体には、添加剤や架橋処理等を行い、硬度・反発弾性等の特性を制御してもよい。
<Cleaning blade>
The material of the cleaning blade is preferably an elastic body. In general, urethane rubber is particularly used. The elastic body may be subjected to additives, cross-linking treatment, and the like to control properties such as hardness and impact resilience.
本発明に用いられるクリーニングブレードは、電子写真感光体に対して、電子写真感光体の画像形成プロセス中の回転方向に対してカウンター方向に当接される。これについて、図９、１０、１１を用いて説明する。図９は、電子写真感光体にクリーニングブレードが当接されている図である。これを矢印の方向から見た図が図１０である。電子写真感光体の画像形成プロセス中の回転方向がＰ方向であり、クリーニングブレードが図１０の向きに当接された状態をカウンター（あるいはカウンター当接）と呼ぶ。逆に図１１のように当接された状態をトレーリング（あるいはトレーリング当接）と呼ぶ。 The cleaning blade used in the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member, which abuts in a counter direction with respect to the rotational direction of the image forming process of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. This will be described with reference to FIGS. Figure 9 is a diagram cleaning blade is in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member. FIG. 10 shows this as seen from the direction of the arrow. Rotational direction of the image forming process of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is P direction, they called the state where the cleaning blade is in contact with the orientation of FIG. 10 and the counter (or counter abutment). Conversely, the contact state as shown in FIG. 11 is called trailing (or trailing contact).
一般に、トレーリングよりもカウンターの方がクリーニング性能に優れているため、既存のクリーニングシステムには、ほとんどの場合、カウンター当接が採用されている。図１３は、クリーニングブレードと電子写真感光体が接触している部分を拡大し、カウンター当接のクリーニングの状態を模式化したものである。電子写真感光体１は便宜上、平面として図示している。カウンター当接の場合、弾性体であるクリーニングブレード３の先端は電子写真感光体１の回転方向Ｐにひきずられて変形している。この変形によって、電子写真感光体１とクリーニングブレード３は十分な接触面積をもち（以下、この接触部分をニップ部と称する）、トナー７を阻止する。更にＣ面側にトナーの阻止層が形成されてクリーニング状態を維持する。しかし、トレーリングの場合、ニップ部の面積は狭くなる傾向にあり、トナーの阻止層が不安定になるため、クリーニング不良となり易い。以上の理由により、本発明のクリーニングシステムは、カウンター当接を採用している。 In general, counters have better cleaning performance than trailing, so most existing cleaning systems employ counter abutment. FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of a portion where the cleaning blade and the electrophotographic photosensitive member are in contact with each other, and schematically illustrates the cleaning state of the counter contact. The electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 is shown as a plane for convenience. If the counter contact, the tip of the cleaning blade 3 is an elastic body is deformed dragged in the rotational direction P of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1. By this deformation, the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 and the cleaning blade 3 have a sufficient contact area (hereinafter, this contact portion is referred to as a nip portion) and blocks the toner 7. Further, a toner blocking layer is formed on the C surface side to maintain the cleaning state. However, in the case of trailing, the area of the nip portion tends to be narrowed, and the toner blocking layer becomes unstable, which tends to cause poor cleaning. For the above reason, the cleaning system of the present invention employs counter contact.
クリーニングブレードを電子写真感光体に押し付ける圧力（ブレード当接圧）は、クリーニングブレードの電子写真感光体への侵入量や、当接する角度（図１０のθ）、クリーニングブレードをバネで支持している場合にはバネの設定で制御することができる。また、これらを適当に組み合わせて、各々のプロセスに適した条件を選択できる。クリーニングブレードの当接角は、ブレード当接圧及びブレード当接圧の分布を好適に維持する観点から、２０°以上４０°以下であることが好ましい。ブレード当接圧は、低過ぎるとトナーのすり抜けが発生し、高過ぎるとクリーニングブレードのびびりや反転が発生するため、各プロセスにおいて最適化する必要がある。 The pressure for pressing the cleaning blade on an electrophotographic photosensitive member (blade contact pressure), push-in amount and to an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the cleaning blade abutting angle (theta in Figure 10), and supports the cleaning blade spring In some cases, it can be controlled by setting a spring. Moreover, it is possible to select conditions suitable for each process by appropriately combining these. The contact angle of the cleaning blade is preferably 20 ° or more and 40 ° or less from the viewpoint of suitably maintaining the blade contact pressure and the blade contact pressure distribution. When the blade contact pressure is too low, toner slips out, and when the blade contact pressure is too high, the cleaning blade chatters or reverses, so it is necessary to optimize in each process.
＜設置工程＞
本発明にかかる設置工程は、電子写真感光体の研磨目の方向と、画像形成プロセス中の回転方向が同じ向きとなるように電子写真感光体を設置する工程である。
<Installation Step>
Installation process according to the present invention, the direction of the polishing marks of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, a step of installing an electrophotographic photoreceptor as the rotation direction of the image forming process is the same direction.
研磨目の方向は、前述したとおり、研磨部材の相対的な移動方向によって一意的に決まる方向である。また本発明は、カウンター方式のクリーニングブレードを採用したものである。すなわち、本発明の設置工程は、カウンター方式のクリーニングブレードに対して、研磨目の方向が向かっていくように電子写真感光体を設置する工程である。そのように電子写真感光体を設置することで、研磨部材で表面を粗面化した電子写真感光体を用いて、従来よりも許容範囲の広いクリーニングシステムを構築できる。メカニズムについては、検討結果から予想されるメカニズムを後述する。 As described above, the direction of the polishing eye is a direction uniquely determined by the relative moving direction of the polishing member. Further, the present invention employs a counter type cleaning blade. That is, Installation process of the present invention, the cleaning blade of the counter scheme is a step of installing an electrophotographic photoreceptor so that the direction of polishing marks goes toward. By so placing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, using an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface roughened by polishing member can be constructed of a wide cleaning system of tolerance than conventional. Regarding the mechanism, a mechanism expected from the examination results will be described later.
＜クリーニングの許容範囲の評価＞
クリーニング性能の許容範囲の広さを確認する手段のひとつとして、クリーニングブレードを電子写真感光体に押し付ける圧力（ブレード当接圧）を変化させて、クリーニングが成立する圧力範囲の幅を確認する手段がある。より高い圧力から低い圧力までクリーニングが成立するクリーニングシステムは、許容範囲の広いクリーニングシステムと言える。
<Evaluation of acceptable cleaning range>
As a means to check the width of the allowable range of cleaning performance, the cleaning blade by changing the pressure (blade contact pressure) to press the electrophotographic photosensitive member, a means to check the width of the pressure range in which the cleaning is established is there. A cleaning system in which cleaning is performed from a higher pressure to a lower pressure can be said to be a cleaning system with a wide tolerance.
本発明の効果は、ブレード当接圧の許容範囲の幅を指標として評価した。 The effect of the present invention was evaluated using the width of the allowable range of blade contact pressure as an index.
上述の通り、ブレード当接圧を変化させる方法はさまざまにあるが、本発明においては、クリーニングブレードをバネによって電子写真感光体に加圧し、そのバネを引く力を変化させることで、当接圧を変化させた。 As described above, the method of changing the blade contact pressure in different, in the present invention, by changing the cleaning blade by a spring on the electrophotographic photosensitive member is pressurized, a force to pull the spring, contact pressure Changed.
本発明の製造方法によれば、クリーニングが成立する当接圧の範囲が、本発明の方法でない場合と比べて広くなった。本発明の方法でない場合、すなわち、電子写真感光体の研磨目の方向と、画像形成プロセス中の回転方向が逆向きとなるように電子写真感光体を設置した場合には、本発明の方法で許容される当接圧であっても、トナーのすり抜けが生じた。許容範囲は、高圧力側でも低圧力側でも、本発明の方が広かった。 According to the manufacturing method of the present invention, the range of the contact pressure at which cleaning is established is wider than in the case of not using the method of the present invention. If not the method of the present invention, i.e., the direction of the polishing marks of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, when the rotational direction of the image forming process has established the electrophotographic photosensitive member so as to be opposite to, in the method of the present invention Even if the contact pressure was allowed, toner slipped out. The allowable range of the present invention was wider on both the high pressure side and the low pressure side.
本発明の方法でない場合について、その要因を明らかにするべく、高圧力設定時にすり抜けが生じたクリーニングブレードのニップ部近傍を顕微鏡観察した。その結果、図１３のＤ面側に、図１５に示すような繊維状の物質の付着が認められた。分析の結果、これは電子写真感光体の表面層と同じ成分であることが判明した。つまり、電子写真感光体の表面が破壊されて、細かい破砕片となり、これがニップ部を通過していたのである。トナーのすり抜けは、その際、ニップ部に隙間が生じたことが原因であると予想できる。一方、低圧力設定時にトナーのすり抜けが生じた場合のクリーニングブレードにも、高圧力側のそれよりも少ないが、図１６に示すように繊維状の物質が付着していた。以上の結果から、メカニズムについて以下のように考えている。
・高圧力の場合…破砕片が大量に発生し、削れ粉がニップ部に挟まり、トナーがすり抜ける。
・中圧力の場合…破砕片の発生が減少し、クリーニングが成立する。
・低圧力の場合…破砕片の発生は減少するが、低圧力ではニップ面積が狭く、トナー阻止層が不安定な状態にあるため、破砕片にトナーの阻止層が乱されてすり抜けが生じる。
In the case of not being the method of the present invention, in order to clarify the cause, the vicinity of the nip portion of the cleaning blade in which slipping occurred when the high pressure was set was observed with a microscope. As a result, adhesion of a fibrous substance as shown in FIG. 15 was observed on the D surface side of FIG. The results of the analysis, which proved to be the same component as the front surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. That is, the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is broken, becomes fine fragments, which is had through the nip portion. The toner slipping can be expected to be caused by a gap formed in the nip portion. On the other hand, the fibrous material adhered to the cleaning blade in the case where the toner slipped out at the low pressure setting, as shown in FIG. 16, although less than that on the high pressure side. Based on the above results, the mechanism is considered as follows.
・ In the case of high pressure: A large amount of crushed pieces are generated, scraping powder gets caught in the nip, and toner slips through.
・ In the case of medium pressure: The generation of crushed pieces is reduced and cleaning is established.
When the pressure is low: The generation of crushed pieces is reduced, but at a low pressure, the nip area is narrow and the toner blocking layer is in an unstable state.
このように、クリーニングの許容範囲を減少させる原因は電子写真感光体の表面の破壊とそれに伴って生じる破砕片にあることが示唆された。よって、本発明者らは、本発明のシステムにおいては、電子写真感光体の研磨目の方向と、画像形成プロセス中の回転方向を同じ向きとすることで、電子写真感光体の表面が破壊され難くなっていると予想している。 Thus, the cause of reducing the tolerance of cleaning it in the destruction and fragments generated with it the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member was suggested. Accordingly, the present inventors have found that in the system of the present invention, the direction of the polishing marks of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the rotation direction of the image formation process by the same direction, the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is broken I expect it to be difficult.
＜電子写真感光体＞
本発明にかかる電子写真感光体は、円筒状の支持体上に感光層を形成したものであれば特に制限されない。
<Electrophotographic photoreceptor>
Such electronic photoreceptor of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the formation of the photosensitive layer on a cylindrical support.
本発明にかかる電子写真感光体は、支持体上に、導電層、中間層、電荷発生層、電荷輸送層、保護層、あるいは、電荷発生物質と電荷輸送物質をともに含む層等のうち、いくつかの層、あるいは全てを有していてもよい。 The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to the present invention includes a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, a charge transport layer, a protective layer, or a layer containing both a charge generation material and a charge transport material on a support. You may have that layer or all.
支持体としては、導電性を有するもの（導電性支持体）であればよい。材質としては、例えば、鉄、銅、金、銀、アルミニウム、亜鉛、チタン、鉛、ニッケル、スズ、アンチモン、インジウム等の金属や合金、又は、これらの酸化物、あるいは、カーボン、導電性高分子等の導電性材料が挙げられる。また、上述の導電性材料は、支持体としてそのまま成形加工されてもよく、また、基材となる部材の表面に塗布又は蒸着されることによって支持体の表面層を形成してもよい。また、基材となる部材の表面のエッチング処理やプラズマ処理の処理剤として用いてもよい。 As a support body, what is necessary is just to have electroconductivity (conductive support body). Examples of the material include metals, alloys such as iron, copper, gold, silver, aluminum, zinc, titanium, lead, nickel, tin, antimony, and indium, oxides thereof, carbon, and conductive polymers. For example, a conductive material. Moreover, the above-mentioned conductive material may be molded as it is as a support, or may be formed on the surface of a member to be a base material to form a surface layer of the support. Moreover, you may use as a processing agent of the etching process of the surface of the member used as a base material, or a plasma processing.
また、支持体の表面は、レーザー光等の散乱による干渉縞の防止等を目的として、切削処理、粗面化処理、アルマイト処理等を施してもよい。 The surface of the support may be subjected to cutting treatment, roughening treatment, alumite treatment, etc. for the purpose of preventing interference fringes due to scattering of laser light or the like.
導電層は、カーボンブラック、導電性顔料や抵抗調節顔料を結着樹脂とともに溶剤に分散及び／又は溶解させて得られる導電層用塗布液を用いて形成することができる。導電層用塗布液には、加熱や放射線照射によって重合し、硬化物となる化合物（重合性の化合物）を含有させてもよい。導電層の層厚は、０．２μｍ以上４０μｍ以下であることが好ましく、１μｍ以上３５μｍ以下であることがより好ましく、５μｍ以上３０μｍ以下であることがより一層好ましい。 The conductive layer can be formed using a conductive layer coating solution obtained by dispersing and / or dissolving carbon black, a conductive pigment or a resistance adjusting pigment in a solvent together with a binder resin. The conductive layer coating liquid may contain a compound (polymerizable compound) that is polymerized by heating or radiation irradiation to become a cured product. The thickness of the conductive layer is preferably 0.2 μm or more and 40 μm or less, more preferably 1 μm or more and 35 μm or less, and even more preferably 5 μm or more and 30 μm or less.
導電層に用いられる結着樹脂としては、例えば、スチレン、酢酸ビニル、塩化ビニル、アクリル酸エステル、メタクリル酸エステル、フッ化ビニリデン、トリフルオロエチレン等のビニル化合物の重合体／共重合体、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルアセタール、ポリカーボネート、ポリエステル、ポリスルホン、ポリフェニレンオキサイド、ポリウレタン、セルロース樹脂、フェノール樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ケイ素樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等が挙げられる。 Examples of the binder resin used for the conductive layer include polymers / copolymers of vinyl compounds such as styrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, acrylic acid ester, methacrylic acid ester, vinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene, and polyvinyl alcohol. , Polyvinyl acetal, polycarbonate, polyester, polysulfone, polyphenylene oxide, polyurethane, cellulose resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, silicon resin, epoxy resin and the like.
導電層に用いられる導電性顔料及び抵抗調節顔料としては、例えば、アルミニウム、亜鉛、銅、クロム、ニッケル、銀、ステンレス等の金属や合金の粒子や、これらを樹脂の粒子の表面に蒸着したもの等が挙げられる。また、酸化亜鉛、酸化チタン、酸化スズ、酸化アンチモン、酸化インジウム、酸化ビスマス、スズをドープした酸化インジウム、アンチモンやタンタルをドープした酸化スズ等の金属酸化物の粒子でもよい。これらの粒子は、単独で用いてもよいし、２種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。２種以上を組み合わせて用いる場合は、単に混合するだけでもよいし、固溶体や融着の形にしてもよい。 Examples of conductive pigments and resistance control pigments used in the conductive layer include particles of metals and alloys such as aluminum, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel, silver, and stainless steel, and those deposited on the surface of resin particles. Etc. Further, particles of metal oxide such as zinc oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, antimony oxide, indium oxide, bismuth oxide, tin-doped indium oxide, antimony or tantalum-doped tin oxide may be used. These particles may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more types are used in combination, they may be simply mixed, or may be in the form of a solid solution or fusion.
感光層の接着性改良、塗工性改良、支持体からの電荷注入性改良、感光層の電気的破壊に対する保護等のために中間層を形成してもよい。 An intermediate layer may be formed to improve the adhesion of the photosensitive layer, improve the coating property, improve the charge injection from the support, protect the photosensitive layer from electrical breakdown, and the like.
中間層の材料としては、例えば、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリ−Ｎ−ビニルイミダゾール、ポリエチレンオキシド、エチルセルロース、エチレン−アクリル酸共重合体、カゼイン、ポリアミド、Ｎ−メトキシメチル化６ナイロン、共重合ナイロン、にかわ、ゼラチン等が挙げられる。中間層は、上記の材料を溶剤に溶解させて得られる中間層用塗布液を塗布し、これを乾燥させることによって形成することができる。中間層の層厚は０．０５μｍ以上７μｍ以下であることが好ましく、０．１μｍ以上２μｍ以下であることがより好ましい。 Examples of the material for the intermediate layer include polyvinyl alcohol, poly-N-vinylimidazole, polyethylene oxide, ethyl cellulose, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, casein, polyamide, N-methoxymethylated 6 nylon, copolymer nylon, glue, Examples include gelatin. The intermediate layer can be formed by applying an intermediate layer coating solution obtained by dissolving the above-described materials in a solvent and drying it. The thickness of the intermediate layer is preferably 0.05 μm or more and 7 μm or less, and more preferably 0.1 μm or more and 2 μm or less.
電荷発生層は、電荷発生物質とその０．３倍量以上４倍量以下（質量比）の結着樹脂とを溶剤中に分散させて得られた電荷発生層用塗布液を塗布する。分散方法としては、ホモジナイザー、超音波分散、ボールミル、振動ボールミル、サンドミル、アトライター又はロールミル等を用いることができる。これを乾燥させることによって、電荷発生層を形成することができる。また、電荷発生層は、電荷発生物質の蒸着膜としてもよい。 The charge generation layer is applied with a charge generation layer coating solution obtained by dispersing a charge generation material and a binder resin of 0.3 to 4 times (mass ratio) thereof in a solvent. As a dispersion method, a homogenizer, ultrasonic dispersion, a ball mill, a vibration ball mill, a sand mill, an attritor, a roll mill, or the like can be used. By drying this, a charge generation layer can be formed. The charge generation layer may be a vapor generation film of a charge generation material.
電荷発生層に用いられる電荷発生物質としては、例えば、セレン−テルル、ピリリウム、チアピリリウム系染料、各種の中心金属及び各種の結晶系（α、β、γ、ε、Ｘ型等）を有するフタロシアニン顔料、アントアントロン顔料、ジベンズピレンキノン顔料、ピラントロン顔料、モノアゾ、ジスアゾ、トリスアゾ等のアゾ顔料、インジゴ顔料、キナクリドン顔料、非対称キノシアニン顔料、キノシアニン顔料等が挙げられる。また、アモルファスシリコンであってもよい。これらの電荷発生物質は１種のみ用いてもよく、２種以上用いてもよい。 Examples of the charge generation material used for the charge generation layer include selenium-tellurium, pyrylium, thiapyrylium dyes, various central metals, and various crystal systems (α, β, γ, ε, X type, etc.). And anthanthrone pigments, dibenzpyrenequinone pigments, pyranthrone pigments, azo pigments such as monoazo, disazo, and trisazo, indigo pigments, quinacridone pigments, asymmetric quinocyanine pigments, and quinocyanine pigments. Further, it may be amorphous silicon. These charge generation materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
電荷発生層の層厚は５μｍ以下であることが好ましく、０．１μｍ以上２μｍ以下であることがより好ましい。 The thickness of the charge generation layer is preferably 5 μm or less, and more preferably 0.1 μm or more and 2 μm or less.
電荷輸送層は、電荷輸送物質と結着樹脂としての熱可塑性樹脂とを溶剤に溶解させて得られた電荷輸送層用塗布液を塗布する。これを乾燥させることによって、電荷輸送層を形成することができる。電荷輸送層中に含まれる電荷輸送物質の量は、２０質量％以上１００質量％以下であることが好ましく、３０質量％以上９０質量％以下であることがより好ましい。 The charge transport layer is applied with a charge transport layer coating solution obtained by dissolving a charge transport material and a thermoplastic resin as a binder resin in a solvent. By drying this, the charge transport layer can be formed. The amount of the charge transport material contained in the charge transport layer is preferably 20% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, and more preferably 30% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less.
電荷輸送層に用いられる電荷輸送物質としては、例えば、ピレン化合物、Ｎ−アルキルカルバゾール化合物、ヒドラゾン化合物、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジアルキルアニリン化合物、ジフェニルアミン化合物、トリフェニルアミン化合物、トリフェニルメタン化合物、ピラゾリン化合物、スチリル化合物、スチルベン化合物等が挙げられる。 Examples of the charge transport material used in the charge transport layer include pyrene compounds, N-alkylcarbazole compounds, hydrazone compounds, N, N-dialkylaniline compounds, diphenylamine compounds, triphenylamine compounds, triphenylmethane compounds, pyrazoline compounds, Examples include styryl compounds and stilbene compounds.
電荷輸送層の層厚は５μｍ以上５０μｍ以下であることが好ましく、１０μｍ以上３５μｍ以下であることがより好ましい。 The layer thickness of the charge transport layer is preferably 5 μm or more and 50 μm or less, and more preferably 10 μm or more and 35 μm or less.
電荷発生層や電荷輸送層を形成するために用いられる結着樹脂としては、例えば、スチレン、酢酸ビニル、塩化ビニル、アクリル酸エステル、メタクリル酸エステル、フッ化ビニリデン、トリフルオロエチレン等のビニル化合物の重合体及び共重合体等が挙げられる。また、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルアセタール、ポリカーボネート、ポリアリレート、ポリエステル、ポリスルホン、ポリフェニレンオキサイド、ポリウレタン、セルロース樹脂、フェノール樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ケイ素樹脂及びエポキシ樹脂等が挙げられる。 Examples of the binder resin used to form the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer include vinyl compounds such as styrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, acrylic acid ester, methacrylic acid ester, vinylidene fluoride, and trifluoroethylene. A polymer, a copolymer, etc. are mentioned. In addition, examples include polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetal, polycarbonate, polyarylate, polyester, polysulfone, polyphenylene oxide, polyurethane, cellulose resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, silicon resin, and epoxy resin.
電子写真感光体に要求される特性の一つである耐久性能の向上にあたっては、上述の機能分離型の電子写真感光体の場合、表面層となる電荷輸送層の材料設計は重要である。その例としては、高強度の結着樹脂を用いたり、可塑性を示す電荷輸送物質と結着樹脂との比率をコントロールしたり、高分子電荷輸送物質を使用する等が挙げられるが、より耐久性能を発現させるためには表面層を硬化系樹脂で構成することが有効である。 In the improvement of the durability which is one of the characteristics required in electrophotographic photoreceptors, when the electrophotographic photosensitive member of function separation type described above, the material designing of the charge transport layer serving as the front surface layer is important. Examples include using high-strength binder resins, controlling the ratio between plastic charge transport materials and binder resins, and using polymer charge transport materials. It is effective to form the surface layer with a curable resin in order to express the above.
本発明においては、電荷輸送層自体を硬化系樹脂で構成することが可能である。また上述の電荷輸送層上に第二の電荷輸送層として硬化系樹脂層を形成することが可能である。硬化系樹脂層に要求される特性は、膜の強度と電荷輸送能力の両立であり、電荷輸送材料及び重合或いは架橋性のモノマーやオリゴマーから構成されるのが一般的である。 In the present invention, the charge transport layer itself can be composed of a curable resin. Moreover, it is possible to form a curable resin layer as a second charge transport layer on the above-described charge transport layer. The properties required for the curable resin layer are both the strength of the film and the charge transport capability, and it is generally composed of a charge transport material and a polymerized or crosslinkable monomer or oligomer.
電荷輸送材料としては、公知の正孔輸送性化合物及び電子輸送性化合物を用いることができる。重合あるいは架橋性のモノマーやオリゴマーとしては、アクリロイルオキシ基やスチレン基を有する連鎖重合系の材料、水酸基やアルコキシシリル基、イソシアネート基等を有する逐次重合系の材料が挙げられる。得られる電子写真特性、汎用性や材料設計、製造安定性等の観点から正孔輸送性化合物と連鎖重合系材料の組み合わせが好ましく、更には正孔輸送性基及びアクリロイルオキシ基の両者を分子内に有する化合物を硬化させる系が特に好ましい。 As the charge transport material, known hole transport compounds and electron transport compounds can be used. Examples of the polymerizable or crosslinkable monomer or oligomer include a chain polymerization material having an acryloyloxy group and a styrene group, and a sequential polymerization material having a hydroxyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, an isocyanate group, and the like. A combination of a hole transporting compound and a chain polymerization material is preferable from the viewpoints of the obtained electrophotographic characteristics, versatility, material design, manufacturing stability, etc., and further, both the hole transporting group and the acryloyloxy group are intramolecular. Particularly preferred is a system for curing the compound contained in the above.
硬化手段としては、熱、光、放射線等の公知の手段が利用できる。 As the curing means, known means such as heat, light and radiation can be used.
硬化層の膜厚は、電荷輸送層の場合は前述と同様５μｍ以上５０μｍ以下であることが好ましく、更には１０μｍ以上３５μｍ以下であることがより好ましい。第二の電荷輸送層あるいは保護層の場合は、０．１μｍ以上２０μｍ以下であることが好ましく、更には１μｍ以上１０μｍ以下であることがより好ましい。 In the case of the charge transport layer, the thickness of the cured layer is preferably 5 μm or more and 50 μm or less, more preferably 10 μm or more and 35 μm or less, as described above. In the case of the second charge transport layer or protective layer, the thickness is preferably from 0.1 μm to 20 μm, and more preferably from 1 μm to 10 μm.
また、単層及び積層のどちらの場合においても、感光層の上層に保護層を設けてもよい。保護層は、電子写真感光体に加えられる機械的、電気的、又は化学的な負荷から感光層を保護する目的で、電子写真感光体の最表面を構成するように、種々の層の最も上に形成される層である。この保護層は、上述した「表面となる電荷輸送層」の樹脂と同様の硬化系樹脂で構成することが可能である。また、保護層が電荷輸送機能を有していてもよい。ちなみに、機能分離型の電子写真感光体の場合、電荷輸送能をもつ保護層は、第二の電荷輸送層と同義である。保護層の層厚は０．０１μｍ以上１０μｍ以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは０．１μｍ以上７μｍ以下である。 In either case of a single layer or a laminate, a protective layer may be provided on the photosensitive layer. The protective layer is mechanically applied to the electrophotographic photosensitive member, an electrical or purpose of protecting the photosensitive layer from chemical loads, so as to constitute a top surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the uppermost of the various layers It is a layer formed in. This protective layer can be made of the same curable resin as the resin of the “surface charge transport layer” described above. Further, the protective layer may have a charge transport function. Incidentally, in the case of the function-separated type electrophotographic photosensitive member, the protective layer having the charge transport capability is synonymous with the second charge transport layer. The thickness of the protective layer is preferably 0.01 μm or more and 10 μm or less, more preferably 0.1 μm or more and 7 μm or less.
更に、表面となる電荷輸送層、あるいは保護層中に、金属及びその酸化物、窒化物、塩、合金やカーボン等の導電性材料を含有してもよい。この金属種としては、鉄、銅、金、銀、鉛、亜鉛、ニッケル、スズ、アルミニウム、チタン、アンチモン、インジウム等が挙げられる。また、この導電性材料には、具体的には、ＩＴＯ、ＴｉＯ２、ＺｎＯ、ＳｎＯ２、Ａｌ２Ｏ３等が挙げられる。導電性材料は微粒子状の材料であり、保護層中に分散される。その粒子径は好ましくは０．００１μｍ以上５μｍ以下であり、より好ましくは０．０１μｍ以上１μｍ以下である。その保護層への添加量は、好ましくは１質量％以上７０質量％以下であり、より好ましくは５質量％以上５０質量％以下である。導電性材料を保護層に分散する際に、分散剤としてチタンカップリング剤、シランカップリング剤、各種界面活性等を用いてもよい。 Furthermore, a conductive material such as a metal and its oxide, nitride, salt, alloy, or carbon may be contained in the charge transport layer or protective layer serving as the surface. Examples of the metal species include iron, copper, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, tin, aluminum, titanium, antimony, and indium. Specific examples of the conductive material include ITO, TiO 2 , ZnO, SnO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 . The conductive material is a particulate material and is dispersed in the protective layer. The particle diameter is preferably 0.001 μm or more and 5 μm or less, more preferably 0.01 μm or more and 1 μm or less. The amount added to the protective layer is preferably 1% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less, and more preferably 5% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less. When dispersing the conductive material in the protective layer, a titanium coupling agent, a silane coupling agent, various surface activities, or the like may be used as a dispersing agent.
感光層を構成する各層には、酸化防止剤や光劣化防止剤等の各種添加剤を用いてもよい。また、表面層には、その滑性や撥水性を改善する目的で、各種フッ素化合物、シラン化合物、若しくは金属酸化物等、又はこれらの微粒子等を含有してもよい。これらの分散性を改善する目的で分散剤や界面活性剤を用いてもよい。表面層におけるこれら添加物の含有量は、好ましくは１質量％以上７０質量％以下、より好ましくは５質量％以上５０質量％以下である。 Various additives such as an antioxidant and a photodegradation inhibitor may be used for each layer constituting the photosensitive layer. The surface layer may contain various fluorine compounds, silane compounds, metal oxides, or the like, or fine particles thereof for the purpose of improving the lubricity and water repellency. A dispersant or a surfactant may be used for the purpose of improving these dispersibility. The content of these additives in the surface layer is preferably 1% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less.
以上に挙げた各層は、上述の化合物そのもの、又はそれを含有する溶液や分散液等の組成物を、支持体又は支持体上に既に形成されている層の上に、蒸着、塗布等の公知の方法で付着させ、前記化合物又は組成物の膜を形成し、この膜を硬化させる公知の方法によって形成することができる。このような公知の方法の中でも、塗布法が最も好ましい。塗布による方法は、薄膜から厚膜まで広い範囲で、しかもさまざまな組成の膜が形成可能である。具体的には、バーコーター、ナイフコーター、浸漬塗布、スプレー塗布、ビーム塗布、静電塗布、ロールコーター、粉体塗布等の、各種方法や各種手段による塗布が挙げられる。 Each of the above-mentioned layers is a well-known method such as vapor deposition or coating of the above-described compound itself, or a composition such as a solution or dispersion containing the same on a support or a layer already formed on the support. It can be formed by a known method in which the film of the compound or composition is deposited by the above method, and the film is cured. Among such known methods, the coating method is most preferable. The coating method can form films having various compositions in a wide range from a thin film to a thick film. Specific examples include coating by various methods and various means such as bar coater, knife coater, dip coating, spray coating, beam coating, electrostatic coating, roll coater, and powder coating.
＜電子写真装置＞
図１７は、本発明の電子写真装置構成の一例を、概略的に示す図である。本発明による電子写真装置は、上述の本発明の電子写真感光体１と、電子写真感光体１の表面を帯電させる帯電手段１２と、帯電した電子写真感光体１に形成すべき画像に応じたレーザー光等の光１３を照射して電子写真感光体１に静電潜像を形成させる像露光手段（不図示）と、静電潜像が形成された電子写真感光体１にトナーを供給して静電潜像が現像されてなるトナー像を形成する現像手段１４と、このトナー像を電子写真感光体１の表面から中間転写体１５に転写させる１次転写手段１６と、中間転写体１５に転写されたトナー像を転写材１７に転写する２次転写手段１８と、転写材１７に転写されたトナー像を定着させる像定着手段（不図示）と、転写後の電子写真感光体１の表面の付着物を除去する、カウンター方式のブレードクリーニング手段３と、クリーニング後の電子写真感光体１に静電履歴を消去するための光を照射する前露出手段１９とを有する。前露出手段１９は、場合によっては設けなくてもよい。
<Electrophotographic device>
FIG. 17 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the configuration of the electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention. The electrophotographic apparatus according to the present invention corresponds to the above-described electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 of the present invention, charging means 12 for charging the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, and an image to be formed on the charged electrophotographic photosensitive member 1. Image exposure means (not shown) for irradiating light 13 such as laser light to form an electrostatic latent image on the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, and supplying toner to the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 on which the electrostatic latent image is formed. Developing means 14 for forming a toner image obtained by developing the electrostatic latent image, primary transfer means 16 for transferring the toner image from the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 to the intermediate transfer body 15, and the intermediate transfer body 15 The secondary transfer means 18 for transferring the toner image transferred onto the transfer material 17, the image fixing means (not shown) for fixing the toner image transferred to the transfer material 17, and the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 after transfer Counter type blade that removes surface deposits Having a cleaning unit 3, an exposed section 19 before irradiation with light to erase the electrostatic history electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 after the cleaning. The pre-exposure means 19 may not be provided depending on circumstances.
次に、本発明による電子写真装置の制御について詳細に説明する。電子写真感光体１は、例えば、円筒状の形状を有するものであり、軸１ａを有する。電子写真感光体１は、軸１ａを中心に所定の周速度で回転駆動される（図１７では、矢印方向）。電子写真感光体１は、回転過程で、例えばコロナ放電を用いる非接触式の帯電装置である帯電手段１２により、その周面に正又は負の所定電位の均一帯電を受ける。 Next, the control of the electrophotographic apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail. The electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 has, for example, a cylindrical shape and has a shaft 1a. The electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is driven to rotate at a predetermined peripheral speed around the shaft 1a (in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 17). In the rotating process, the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is uniformly charged with a predetermined positive or negative potential on its peripheral surface by a charging unit 12 which is a non-contact type charging device using, for example, corona discharge.
次いで、電子写真感光体１は、露光部にて像露光手段によりスリット露光・レーザービーム走査露光等の光像露光１３を受ける。これにより電子写真感光体１の周面に、露光像に対応した静電潜像が順次形成される。光像露光１３は、電子写真装置を複写機やプリンターとして使用する場合には、原稿からの反射光若しくは透過光、又は原稿を読み取り信号化し、この信号によるレーザービームの走査、ＬＥＤアレイの駆動、若しくは液晶シャッターアレイの駆動等により電子写真感光体１に照射される光である。 Next, the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 is subjected to optical image exposure 13 such as slit exposure and laser beam scanning exposure by an image exposure means in an exposure unit. As a result, electrostatic latent images corresponding to the exposure images are sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1. When the electrophotographic apparatus is used as a copying machine or a printer, the optical image exposure 13 is a reflected light or transmitted light from a document, or a document is read as a signal, laser beam scanning by this signal, LED array driving, Alternatively, the light is irradiated onto the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 by driving the liquid crystal shutter array or the like.
このように形成された静電潜像には、現像手段１４から供給されるトナーが付着しトナー像を形成する。なお、現像手段１４は、例えば、トナーを収容するトナー容器と、トナー容器の開口部に回転自在に設けられている現像スリーブとを有する。 The toner supplied from the developing unit 14 adheres to the electrostatic latent image formed in this manner, thereby forming a toner image. The developing unit 14 includes, for example, a toner container that accommodates toner and a developing sleeve that is rotatably provided at the opening of the toner container.
電子写真感光体１の表面に形成されたトナー像は、電子写真感光体１と１次転写手段１６との間に電子写真感光体１の回転に同期して回転する中間転写体１５の表面に、１次転写手段１６が具備する電圧印加手段が印加する電圧により、各色順次転写される。中間転写手段１５に転写されたトナー像は、引き続き、２次転写手段１８との間に電子写真感光体１の回転に同期して供給された転写材１７の表面に、２次転写手段１８の具備する電圧印加手段が印加する電圧により、順次転写される。 The toner image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is transferred between the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 and the primary transfer means 16 on the surface of the intermediate transfer member 15 that rotates in synchronization with the rotation of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1. Each color is sequentially transferred by a voltage applied by a voltage applying unit included in the primary transfer unit 16. The toner image transferred to the intermediate transfer unit 15 is continuously transferred from the secondary transfer unit 18 to the surface of the transfer material 17 supplied to the secondary transfer unit 18 in synchronization with the rotation of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1. Transfer is performed sequentially by the voltage applied by the voltage applying means provided.
あるいは、中間転写手段を有しない、いわゆる直接転写方式の場合は、電子写真感光体１の表面に形成されたトナー像は、転写手段（不図示）が具備する電圧印加手段が印加する電圧により、転写材１７に直接転写される。 Alternatively, in the case of a so-called direct transfer system that does not have an intermediate transfer unit, the toner image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is subjected to a voltage applied by a voltage application unit included in a transfer unit (not shown). It is directly transferred to the transfer material 17.
これらの転写手段が具備する電圧印加手段は、公知の電圧印加手段を用いることができ、例えば、コロナ帯電器、ローラ帯電器が用いられる。 Voltage application means for these transcription means comprises may be a known voltage applying means, for example, a corona charger, roller charger is used.
トナー像が転写された転写材１７は、転写材１７の未定着状態のトナー像を定着する像定着手段（不図示）に導入され像定着を受けた後、画像形成物（コピー）として機外へ出力される。なお、像定着手段は、転写材１７に存在する未定着トナーを転写材１７に定着させ得る手段であれば特に制限されないが、例えば、転写材１７を加熱するためのヒータを内蔵する定着ローラと、定着ローラに向けて転写材１７を押圧するための加圧ローラとを有してもよい。 The transfer material 17 onto which the toner image has been transferred is introduced into an image fixing means (not shown) for fixing an unfixed toner image on the transfer material 17 and is subjected to image fixing, and is then externally formed as an image formed product (copy). Is output. The image fixing unit is not particularly limited as long as it can fix the unfixed toner present on the transfer material 17 to the transfer material 17. For example, the image fixing unit includes a fixing roller including a heater for heating the transfer material 17. And a pressure roller for pressing the transfer material 17 toward the fixing roller.
一方、トナー像を転写した後の電子写真感光体１は、電子写真感光体１の表面に当接するカウンター方式のブレードクリーニング手段３により、電子写真感光体１の表面に残存するトナー（残トナー）の除去を受け、清浄面化される。その後、電子写真感光体１の表面は、更に前露出手段１９により除電処理されて繰り返して像形成に使用される。除電処理は、場合によっては行わなくてもよい。 On the other hand, the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 after the toner image has been transferred is the toner (residual toner) remaining on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 by the counter type blade cleaning means 3 that contacts the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1. After being removed, the surface is cleaned. Thereafter, the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is further subjected to charge removal processing by the pre-exposure means 19 and repeatedly used for image formation. The neutralization process may not be performed depending on circumstances.
本発明の電子写真装置は、本発明にかかる電子写真感光体及び前述した手段以外の他の手段を更に有してもよい。他の手段としては、現像手段１４と１次転写手段１６との間に設置される、現像されたトナーの電荷量を制御するための帯電手段等、電子写真の形成に関する種々の公知の手段が挙げられる。 The electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention may further include other means other than the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention and the above-described means. As other means, there are various known means relating to the formation of electrophotography, such as a charging means for controlling the charge amount of the developed toner, which is installed between the developing means 14 and the primary transfer means 16. Can be mentioned.
（プロセスカートリッジ）
また、本発明のプロセスカートリッジは、少なくともカウンター方式のブレードクリーニング手段３を有し、その他、現像手段等の構成要素のうち、一つ又は複数の手段を装置ユニットとして一体に結合して構成し、このユニットを装置本体に対して着脱可能に構成してなるプロセスカートリッジである。図１８は、本発明のプロセスカートリッジの一例の構成を概略的に示す図である。本発明のプロセスカートリッジは、筐体２０中に、上述の電子写真感光体１と、帯電手段１２と、現像手段１４と、カウンター方式のブレードクリーニング手段３とを一体化して支持してなる。筐体２０は、電子写真感光体１、帯電手段１２、現像手段１４、及びクリーニング手段３のそれぞれが画像形成に適した相対的な位置関係に配置されるように支持する。筐体２０には、光像露光１３及び前露出手段１９からの光を筐体２０の外から中へ通すための開口部が設けられてもよい。
(Profile Seth cartridge)
Also, profile Seth cartridge of the present invention has a blade cleaning means 3 for at least a counter scheme, other, out of the components such as the developing means, and constituted by integrally coupled to one or more means as an apparatus unit a such pulp b Seth cartridge and configured to be capable of detachably attached to the unit to the apparatus main body. Figure 18 is a diagram schematically showing an example of a configuration of a profile Seth cartridge of the present invention. The process cartridge of the present invention, in the housing 20, the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 described above, a charging unit 12, a developing unit 14, formed by supporting by integrating a blade cleaning means 3 counter method. The housing 20 supports the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, the charging unit 12, the developing unit 14, and the cleaning unit 3 so as to be arranged in a relative positional relationship suitable for image formation. The housing 20 may be provided with an opening for allowing light from the optical image exposure 13 and the pre-exposure means 19 to pass from the outside to the inside of the housing 20.
また、本発明のプロセスカートリッジは、電子写真装置に着脱可能なように電子写真装置に案内するレール２１等の案内手段が設けられてもよい。この案内手段は、１次転写手段１６の転写位置や、前露出手段１９からの光及び光像露光１３の入射位置等に応じた画像形成位置に筐体２０内の電子写真感光体１が配置されるように、筐体２０を電子写真装置の本体に着脱自在に案内し、支持する。 Further, the process cartridge of the present invention may be provided with guide means such as a rail 21 for guiding the electrophotographic apparatus so as to be detachable from the electrophotographic apparatus. In the guide means, the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 in the housing 20 is arranged at an image forming position corresponding to the transfer position of the primary transfer means 16, the incident position of the light from the pre-exposure means 19 and the light image exposure 13, and the like. As described above, the casing 20 is detachably guided and supported by the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus.
また、上述の他の手段には、現像手段によって電子写真感光体の表面に形成されたトナー像を転写材に転写するための転写手段等のさらなる手段が含まれていてもよい。 Further, the other means described above may include further means such as a transfer means for transferring the toner image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member by the developing means to the transfer material.
以下に、具体的な実施例を挙げて本発明をより詳細に説明する。なお、実施例中の「部」は「質量部」を意味する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples. In the examples, “part” means “part by mass”.
（実施例１）
支持体として長さ３７０ｍｍ、外径３０ｍｍのアルミニウムシリンダ（ＪＩＳ Ａ３００３で規定されるアルミニウムの合金）を、切削加工により作製した。このシリンダを洗剤（商品名：ケミコールＣＴ、常盤化学（株）製）を含む純水中で超音波洗浄を行い、続いて洗剤を洗い流す工程を経た後、更に純水中で超音波洗浄を行って脱脂処理した。このシリンダに、以下に記す処理を行い、電子写真感光体の作製を行った。
(Example 1 )
Length 370mm as supporting lifting member, an aluminum cylinder (alloy of aluminum as defined in JIS A3003) having an outer diameter of 30 mm, was produced by machining. This cylinder is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning in pure water containing detergent (trade name: Chemicol CT, manufactured by Tokiwa Chemical Co., Ltd.), followed by a step of washing away the detergent, and further ultrasonic cleaning in pure water. And degreased. The cylinder was processed as described below to produce an electrophotographic photosensitive member.
酸化スズの被覆層を有する硫酸バリウム粒子からなる粉体 ５７部
（商品名：パストランＬＲＳ、三井金属鉱業（株）製）
レゾール型フェノール樹脂 ２１部
（商品名：フェノライト Ｊ−３２５、大日本インキ化学工業（株）製、固形分６０％のメタノール溶液）
シリコーンオイル ０．００８部
（商品名：ＳＨ２８ＰＡ、東レシリコーン（株）製）
２−メトキシ−１−プロパノール １９部
からなるスラリーを約８時間ボールミルで分散させて分散液を得た。この分散液に含有される粉体の平均粒径は、０．２５μｍであった。この分散液に、シリコーン樹脂（商品名：トスパール１２０、東芝シリコーン（株）製）１．１８部を２−メトキシ−１−プロパノール１．１８部に分散した液を添加した。このようにして調製した分散液を、上述のアルミニウムシリンダ上に浸漬法によって塗布し、これを１５０℃に調整した熱風乾燥機中で３０分間加熱硬化し、分散液の塗布膜を硬化させることにより、膜厚１８μｍの導電層を形成させた。
57 parts of powder composed of barium sulfate particles with tin oxide coating (Product name: Pastoran LRS, manufactured by Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd.)
21 parts of resol type phenol resin (trade name: Phenolite J-325, manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc., methanol solution with a solid content of 60%)
0.008 parts silicone oil (trade name: SH28PA, manufactured by Toray Silicone Co., Ltd.)
A slurry comprising 19 parts of 2-methoxy-1-propanol was dispersed with a ball mill for about 8 hours to obtain a dispersion. The average particle size of the powder contained in this dispersion was 0.25 μm. A liquid in which 1.18 parts of silicone resin (trade name: Tospearl 120, manufactured by Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd.) was dispersed in 1.18 parts of 2-methoxy-1-propanol was added to this dispersion. By applying the dispersion prepared in this manner onto the above-mentioned aluminum cylinder by the dipping method, this is heated and cured for 30 minutes in a hot air dryer adjusted to 150 ° C., and the coating film of the dispersion is cured. A conductive layer having a film thickness of 18 μm was formed.
次に、
メトキシメチル化６ナイロン樹脂 ４０部
（商品名：トレジンＥＦ−３０Ｔ、ナガセケムテックス（株）製）
をメタノール４００部及びブタノール２００部の混合液に溶解した溶液を、上述の導電層の上に浸漬塗布し、これを１００℃に調整した熱風乾燥機中で３０分間加熱乾燥して、溶液の塗布膜を硬化させることにより、膜厚０．４０μｍの中間層を形成した。
next,
40 parts of methoxymethylated 6 nylon resin (trade name: Toresin EF-30T, manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation)
A solution prepared by dissolving 400 parts of methanol in 200 parts of butanol and 200 parts of butanol is dip-coated on the above-mentioned conductive layer, and this is heated and dried in a hot air dryer adjusted to 100 ° C. for 30 minutes to apply the solution. By curing the film, an intermediate layer having a thickness of 0.40 μm was formed.
次に、
ヒドロキシガリウムフタロシアニン顔料 ２０部
（ＣｕＫα特性Ｘ線回折スペクトルにおけるブラッグ角２θ±０．２°の７．４°及び２８．２°に強いピークを有する結晶形）
下記構造式（１）で示されるカリックスアレーン化合物 ０．２部
next,
20 parts of hydroxygallium phthalocyanine pigment (crystal form having strong peaks at 7.4 ° and 28.2 ° of Bragg angle 2θ ± 0.2 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction spectrum)
0.2 parts of calixarene compound represented by the following structural formula (1)
ポリビニルブチラール樹脂 １０部
（商品名：エスレックＢＸ−１、積水化学工業（株）製）
シクロヘキサノン ８００部
からなる混合液を、直径１ｍｍガラスビーズを用いてサンドミルで４時間分散させた後、得た混合液に酢酸エチル７００部を加えて電荷発生層用塗工液を調製した。この塗工液を上述の中間層上に浸漬塗布し、これを８０℃に調整した熱風乾燥機中で１５分間加熱乾燥して、塗工液の塗布膜を硬化させることにより、膜厚０．１８０μｍの電荷発生層を形成した。
10 parts of polyvinyl butyral resin (trade name: ESREC BX-1, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.)
A mixed solution consisting of 800 parts of cyclohexanone was dispersed in a sand mill for 4 hours using glass beads having a diameter of 1 mm, and then 700 parts of ethyl acetate was added to the obtained mixed solution to prepare a charge generation layer coating solution. This coating solution is dip-coated on the above-mentioned intermediate layer, and this is heated and dried for 15 minutes in a hot air drier adjusted to 80 ° C., and the coating film of the coating solution is cured, whereby a film thickness of 0. A 180 μm charge generation layer was formed.
次に、
下記構造式（２）で示されるトリアリールアミン系化合物 ５０部
next,
50 parts of a triarylamine compound represented by the following structural formula (2)
下記構造式（３）で示されるトリアリールアミン系化合物 ５０部 50 parts of a triarylamine compound represented by the following structural formula (3)
ビスフェノールＺ型ポリカーボネート樹脂 １００部
（商品名：ユーピロン（登録商標）Ｚ４００、三菱エンジニアリングプラスティックス（株）製）
を、モノクロロベンゼン６００部及びジメトキシメタン２００部の混合液に溶解して電荷輸送層用塗工液を調製した。この塗工液を上記電荷発生層上に浸漬塗布し、これを１００℃に調整した熱風乾燥機中で３０分間加熱乾燥して、塗工液の塗布膜を硬化させることにより、膜厚１８μｍの第一の電荷輸送層を形成した。
100 parts of bisphenol Z-type polycarbonate resin (trade name: Iupilon (registered trademark) Z400, manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd.)
Was dissolved in a mixed solution of 600 parts of monochlorobenzene and 200 parts of dimethoxymethane to prepare a coating solution for a charge transport layer. This coating solution is dip-coated on the charge generation layer, and this is heated and dried for 30 minutes in a hot air dryer adjusted to 100 ° C. to cure the coating film of the coating solution. A first charge transport layer was formed.
次に、
分散剤としてフッ素原子含有樹脂 ０．４５部
（商品名：ＧＦ−３００、東亞合成（株）製） ３５部
１，１，２，２，３，３，４−ヘプタフルオロシクロペンタン
（商品名：ゼオローラＨ、日本ゼオン（株）製）
１−プロパノール ３５部
に溶解した。続いて、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン樹脂粉体（商品名：ルブロンＬ−２、ダイキン工業（株）製）１０部を加え、高圧分散機（商品名：マイクロフルイダイザーＭ−１１０ＥＨ、米Ｍｉｃｒｏｆｌｕｉｄｉｃｓ社製）で５８８０Ｎ／ｃｍ２（６００ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２）の圧力で３回の処理を施し均一に分散させた。これを１０μｍのポリテトラフルオロエチレン（ＰＴＦＥ）製メンブレンフィルターで加圧ろ過を行い潤滑剤分散液を調製した。その後、下記構造式（４）で示される正孔輸送性化合物２０部を潤滑剤分散液に加え、
next,
Fluorine atom-containing resin 0.45 parts (trade name: GF-300, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) 35 parts 1,1,2,2,3,3,4-heptafluorocyclopentane (trade name: Zeorora H, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.)
Dissolved in 35 parts of 1-propanol. Subsequently, 10 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene resin powder (trade name: Lubron L-2, manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.) was added, and a high-pressure disperser (trade name: Microfluidizer M-110EH, manufactured by Microfluidics, USA). Was subjected to three treatments at a pressure of 5880 N / cm 2 (600 kgf / cm 2 ) to uniformly disperse. This was subjected to pressure filtration with a 10 μm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filter to prepare a lubricant dispersion. Thereafter, 20 parts of a hole transporting compound represented by the following structural formula (4) is added to the lubricant dispersion,
ＰＴＦＥ製の５μｍメンブレンフィルターで加圧ろ過を行い、フィラー含有層用の塗工液を調整した。この塗工液を用いて前記の電荷輸送層上に、フィラー含有層を浸漬塗布法により塗工した。 Pressure filtration was performed with a PTFE 5 μm membrane filter to prepare a coating solution for the filler-containing layer. Using this coating solution, a filler-containing layer was coated on the charge transport layer by a dip coating method.
その後、窒素中において加速電圧７０ｋＶ、線量１．８Ｍｒａｄ（１．８×１０４Ｇｙ）の条件で電子線を照射した。引き続いて電子写真感光体の温度が１３０℃になる条件で９０秒間加熱処理を行った。このときの酸素濃度は１０ｐｐｍであった。更に、電子写真感光体を大気中で１００℃に調整された熱風乾燥機中で２０分間加熱処理を行って、膜厚５．０μｍの硬化性樹脂の表面層を形成した。 Thereafter, an electron beam was irradiated in nitrogen under conditions of an acceleration voltage of 70 kV and a dose of 1.8 Mrad (1.8 × 10 4 Gy). Temperature of the electrophotographic photosensitive member subsequently makes a 90 seconds heat treatment under conditions such that the 130 ° C.. The oxygen concentration at this time was 10 ppm. Further, the electrophotographic photosensitive member subjected to 20 min heat treatment in a hot air dryer adjusted to 100 ° C. in air to form a front surface layer of a curable resin having a thickness of 5.0 .mu.m.
＜研磨工程＞
得られた電子写真感光体の表面を、ラッピングシートを用いて研磨した。図１４はラッピングシートを用いた研磨装置を上から見たときの模式図である。ラッピングシートは、研磨砥粒が結着樹脂に分散されたものが基材に塗布されたシートである。ラッピングシート１０は２つの軸９にロールトゥロールで巻かれており、４本のガイドローラ１１とバックアップローラ８を介していずれの方向にも巻き取ることができる。軸９には、巻き取りを行うためのモータと、シートが送られる方向と逆方向に、ラッピングシート１０に張力が与えるためのモータ（不図示）が配置されている。
<Polishing process>
The resulting surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member was polished using lapping sheet. FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a polishing apparatus using a wrapping sheet as viewed from above. A wrapping sheet is a sheet in which abrasive grains are dispersed in a binder resin and applied to a substrate. The wrapping sheet 10 is wound by roll-to-roll on the two shafts 9 and can be wound in any direction via the four guide rollers 11 and the backup roller 8. The shaft 9 is provided with a motor for winding and a motor (not shown) for applying tension to the wrapping sheet 10 in the direction opposite to the sheet feeding direction.
この装置を用いて、以下に示す条件で電子写真感光体の表面の研磨を行った。 Using this apparatus, the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member was polished under the following conditions.
ラッピングシート：品名：ＭＡＸＩＭＡ−ＧＣ−＃２０００（日本レフライト工業株式会社製）
研磨砥粒：ＳｉＣ（平均粒径：９μｍ）
基材：ポリエステルフィルム（厚さ：７５μｍ）
ラッピングシート送り：Ｂ方向、４００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ
ラッピングシートの張架力：１Ｎ／ｍ２
バックアップローラ：材質：発泡ウレタン
アスカーＣ硬度：２０°
電子写真感光体の回転数：３０ｒｐｍ
電子写真感光体のバックアップローラへの侵入量：３ｍｍ
処理時間：１２秒
Wrapping sheet: Product name: MAXIMA-GC- # 2000 (manufactured by Nippon Reflight Industry Co., Ltd.)
Polishing abrasive grains: SiC (average particle diameter: 9 μm)
Base material: Polyester film (Thickness: 75 μm)
Wrapping sheet feed: B direction, 400mm / min
Wrapping sheet tension: 1 N / m 2
Backup roller: Material: Urethane foam Asker C hardness: 20 °
The rotational speed of the electrophotographic photosensitive member: 30rpm
Amount of penetration of electrophotographic photosensitive member into backup roller: 3 mm
Processing time: 12 seconds
以上のようにして、表面が研磨された電子写真感光体を得た。この電子写真感光体の研磨目の方向は、ｂ方向である。得られた電子写真感光体の表面粗さを、接触式面粗さ測定機（商品名：サーフコーダＳＥ３５００、（株）小坂研究所製）を用いて測定したところ、この電子写真感光体の表面粗さＲａは０．０５８μｍであった。 As described above, an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a polished surface was obtained. The direction of the polishing eye of this electrophotographic photosensitive member is the b direction. The surface roughness of the obtained electrophotographic photoreceptor, a contact type surface roughness meter (trade name: Surfcorder SE3500, (Ltd.) manufactured by Kosaka Kenkyusho) was measured using a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member The roughness Ra was 0.058 μm.
＜設置工程、クリーニング性能の評価＞
クリーニング性能を評価する手段として、前述のとおり、ブレード当接圧を変化させて、クリーニングが成立する圧力範囲の幅を確認する手段がある。
<Installation process, evaluation of cleaning performance>
As described above, as a means for evaluating the cleaning performance, there is a means for confirming the width of the pressure range in which the cleaning is established by changing the blade contact pressure.
具体的には、図１２に示すクリーニング構成で評価した。ゴム硬度７０度のウレタン製のクリーニングブレードを、背板の板金４で支持し、板金と枠体に固定されたバネ支持部材６をバネ５でつないだ。このバネをバネ支持部材に接続する位置を上下させて、バネを引く力を変化さることで、ブレード当接圧を変化させた。ブレード当接圧は、電子写真感光体の位置に、電子写真感光体の代わりに圧力センサーを設置して測定した。当接角θは、２５°とした。 Specifically, the cleaning configuration shown in FIG. 12 was evaluated. A cleaning blade made of urethane having a rubber hardness of 70 degrees was supported by the sheet metal 4 of the back plate, and the spring support member 6 fixed to the sheet metal and the frame was connected by the spring 5. The blade contact pressure was changed by moving the position where the spring was connected to the spring support member up and down to change the force to pull the spring. Blade contact pressure, the position of the electrophotographic photosensitive member was measured by installing a pressure sensor in place of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The contact angle θ was 25 °.
２３℃、５％環境において、下記のモードでクリーニング性能を評価した。まず、帯電手段（帯電ローラ）（不図示）と現像手段（不図示）に２分間バイアスを印加して電子写真感光体上にベタ濃度相当の現像を行い、クリーニングブレードにトナーを送った。次に１０分間現像を停止した状態で電子写真感光体を回転させた。その後、クリーニングブレードを取り外して、トナーがすり抜けているか否かを顕微鏡で観察することで、クリーニングがきちんと行われているか否かを判断した。また、帯電ローラの汚れの程度も指標とした。評価判断としては、下記のような基準を設けた。 The cleaning performance was evaluated in the following mode in an environment of 23 ° C. and 5%. First, the charging means (charging roller) was applied for 2 minutes bias (not shown) and developing means (not shown) and developed the solid density corresponding to the electrophotographic photosensitive member, sent the toner to the cleaning blade. Next, the electrophotographic photosensitive member was rotated with development stopped for 10 minutes. Thereafter, the cleaning blade was removed, and it was determined whether or not the cleaning was properly performed by observing with a microscope whether the toner had passed through. The degree of contamination of the charging roller was also used as an index. The following criteria were established for evaluation.
○ …クリーニングブレードのすり抜けなし、帯電ローラの汚れなし
△ …クリーニングブレードのすり抜けあり、帯電ローラの汚れなし
× …クリーニングブレードのすり抜けあり、帯電ローラの汚れあり
××…クリーニングブレードのすり抜けあり、帯電ローラの汚れあり、クリーニングブレードのびびりあり
○… No cleaning blade slipping, no charging roller contamination △… Cleaning blade slipping, no charging roller contamination ×… Cleaning blade slipping, charging roller contamination ××… Cleaning blade slipping, charging roller There is dirt, and there is chatter of the cleaning blade
ブレード当接圧は、２２、２８、３２、３８ｇ／ｃｍの４条件を選択した。 Four blade contact pressures of 22, 28, 32, and 38 g / cm were selected.
得られた電子写真感光体を、上記のクリーニング評価用の装置に、研磨目の方向がプロセス回転方向と同じになるように設置し、評価を行った。結果を表１に示す。 The resulting electrophotographic photosensitive member, the above-described apparatus for cleaning evaluation, the direction of polishing marks is established to be the same as the process direction of rotation, and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
（実施例２）
実施例１と同様に電子写真感光体を作製し、引き続き、実施例１から下記の条件を変更して研磨工程を行った。
(Example 2)
An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, subsequently, the polishing process was performed by changing the conditions of the following Examples 1.
ラッピングシート送り：Ａ方向、４００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ
電子写真感光体の回転数：２４０ｒｐｍ
以上のようにして、表面が研磨された電子写真感光体を得た。この電子写真感光体の研磨目の方向は、ｂ方向である。また、この電子写真感光体の表面粗さＲａは０．０４５μｍであった。得られた電子写真感光体を、上記のクリーニング評価用の装置に、研磨目の方向がプロセス回転方向と同じになるように設置し、評価を行った。結果を表１に示す。
Wrapping sheet feed: A direction, 400mm / min
The rotational speed of the electrophotographic photosensitive member: 240 rpm
As described above, an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a polished surface was obtained. The direction of the polishing eye of this electrophotographic photosensitive member is the b direction. The electrophotographic photosensitive member had a surface roughness Ra of 0.045 μm. The resulting electrophotographic photosensitive member, the above-described apparatus for cleaning evaluation, the direction of polishing marks is established to be the same as the process direction of rotation, and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
（実施例３）
実施例１と同様に電子写真感光体を作製し、引き続き、実施例１から下記の条件を変更して研磨工程を行った。
(Example 3)
An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, subsequently, the polishing process was performed by changing the conditions of the following Examples 1.
ラッピングシート送り：Ａ方向、４００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ
電子写真感光体の回転数：３０ｒｐｍ
Wrapping sheet feed: A direction, 400mm / min
The rotational speed of the electrophotographic photosensitive member: 30rpm
以上のようにして、表面が研磨された電子写真感光体を得た。この電子写真感光体の研磨目の方向は、ｂ方向である。また、この電子写真感光体の表面粗さＲａは０．０３５μｍであった。得られた電子写真感光体を、上記のクリーニング評価用の装置に、研磨目の方向がプロセス回転方向と同じになるように設置し、評価を行った。結果を表１に示す。 As described above, an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a polished surface was obtained. The direction of the polishing eye of this electrophotographic photosensitive member is the b direction. The electrophotographic photosensitive member had a surface roughness Ra of 0.035 μm. The resulting electrophotographic photosensitive member, the above-described apparatus for cleaning evaluation, the direction of polishing marks is established to be the same as the process direction of rotation, and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
（実施例４）
実施例１と同様に電子写真感光体を作製し、引き続き、実施例１から下記の条件を変更して研磨工程を行った。
Example 4
An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, subsequently, the polishing process was performed by changing the conditions of the following Examples 1.
ラッピングシート送り：Ａ方向、５２００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ
電子写真感光体の回転数：２４０ｒｐｍ
Wrapping sheet feed: A direction, 5200mm / min
The rotational speed of the electrophotographic photosensitive member: 240 rpm
以上のようにして、表面が研磨された電子写真感光体を得た。この電子写真感光体の研磨目の方向は、ａ方向である。また、この電子写真感光体の表面粗さＲａは０．０３７μｍであった。得られた電子写真感光体を、上記のクリーニング評価用の装置に、研磨目の方向がプロセス回転方向と同じになるように設置し、評価を行った。結果を表２に示す。 As described above, an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a polished surface was obtained. The direction of the polishing eye of this electrophotographic photosensitive member is the a direction. The electrophotographic photosensitive member had a surface roughness Ra of 0.037 μm. The resulting electrophotographic photosensitive member, the above-described apparatus for cleaning evaluation, the direction of polishing marks is established to be the same as the process direction of rotation, and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.
（比較例１）
実施例１と同様に電子写真感光体の作製と研磨を行い、得られた電子写真感光体を、上記のクリーニング評価用の装置に、研磨目の方向がプロセス回転方向と逆となるように設置し、評価を行った。結果を表１に示す。
(Comparative Example 1)
Performs Preparation and polishing similarly electrophotographic photoreceptor as in Example 1, placed the resulting electrophotographic photosensitive member, the above-described apparatus for cleaning evaluation, so that the direction of polishing marks is the process direction of rotation opposite And evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
（比較例２）
実施例２と同様に電子写真感光体の作製と研磨を行い、得られた電子写真感光体を、上記のクリーニング評価用の装置に、研磨目の方向がプロセス回転方向と逆となるように設置し、評価を行った。結果を表２に示す。
(Comparative Example 2)
Performs Preparation and polishing similarly electrophotographic photoreceptor as in Example 2, established the resulting electrophotographic photosensitive member, the above-described apparatus for cleaning evaluation, so that the direction of polishing marks is the process direction of rotation opposite And evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.
（比較例３）
実施例３と同様に電子写真感光体の作製と研磨を行い、得られた電子写真感光体を、上記のクリーニング評価用の装置に、研磨目の方向がプロセス回転方向と逆となるように設置し、評価を行った。結果を表２に示す。
(Comparative Example 3)
Performs Preparation and polishing similarly electrophotographic photoreceptor as in Example 3, placed the resulting electrophotographic photosensitive member, the above-described apparatus for cleaning evaluation, so that the direction of polishing marks is the process direction of rotation opposite And evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.
（比較例４）
実施例４と同様に電子写真感光体の作製と研磨を行い、得られた電子写真感光体を、上記のクリーニング評価用の装置に、研磨目の方向がプロセス回転方向と逆となるように設置し、評価を行った。結果を表２に示す。
(Comparative Example 4)
Performs Preparation and polishing similarly electrophotographic photoreceptor as in Example 4, installing the obtained electrophotographic photoreceptor, the above-described apparatus for cleaning evaluation, so that the direction of polishing marks is the process direction of rotation opposite And evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.
表１、表２から明らかなように、電子写真感光体の研磨目の方向と画像形成プロセス中の回転方向を同じ方向とした場合、より許容範囲の広いクリーニング性能を有していることが分かる。本発明によれば、研磨部材で表面を粗面化した電子写真感光体を用いて、従来よりも許容範囲の広いクリーニング性能を発揮できるので、多様化するクリーニングへの要求に広く対応できる。 Table 1, as is clear from Table 2, when the rotation direction of the polishing grain direction and the image forming process of the electrophotographic photosensitive member were the same direction, it is found to have a more acceptable range broad cleaning performance . According to the present invention, an electrophotographic photosensitive member whose surface is roughened by a polishing member can be used to exhibit a cleaning performance having a wider allowable range than before, so that it is possible to meet a wide variety of demands for cleaning.
１ 電子写真感光体
２ 研磨部材
３ クリーニングブレード
４ クリーニングブレードの背板板金
５ バネ
６ バネ支持部材
７ トナー
８ バックアップローラ
９ ラッピングシートを巻きつける軸
１０ ラッピングシート
１１ ガイドローラ
１ａ 軸
１２ 帯電手段
１３ 像露光
１４ 現像手段
１５ 中間転写体
１６ １次転写手段
１７ 転写材
１８ ２次転写手段
１９ 前露光手段
２０ 筐体
２１ ガイドレール
Ａ 研磨部材の移動方向Ａ
Ｂ 研磨部材の移動方向Ｂ
Ｃ面 クリーニングブレードの面のうち、電子写真感光体の移動方向の上流側の面
Ｄ面 クリーニングブレードの面のうち、電子写真感光体の移動方向の下流側の面
Ｐ 画像形成プロセス中の電子写真感光体の回転方向
Ａ’ 電子写真感光体の回転方向Ａ’
Ｂ’ 電子写真感光体の回転方向Ｂ’
ａ 研磨目の方向ａ
ｂ 研磨目の方向ｂ
θ クリーニングブレードの当接角
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Electrophotographic photosensitive member 2 Polishing member 3 Cleaning blade 4 Back plate metal plate of cleaning blade 5 Spring 6 Spring support member 7 Toner 8 Backup roller 9 Wrapping sheet 10 Wrapping sheet 11 Guide roller 1a Shaft 12 Charging means 13 Image exposure 14 Developing means 15 Intermediate transfer body 16 Primary transfer means 17 Transfer material 18 Secondary transfer means 19 Pre-exposure means 20 Case 21 Guide rail A Moving direction A of the polishing member
B Moving direction of abrasive member B
Among the surfaces of the C surface cleaning blade, of the surfaces in the moving direction of the upstream side surface D surface cleaning blade of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the electrophotographic during the moving direction of the downstream side of the plane P image forming process of the electrophotographic photosensitive member Rotation direction A ′ of the photosensitive member A ′ Rotation direction A ′ of the electrophotographic photosensitive member
B 'direction of rotation B of the electrophotographic photosensitive member'
a Polishing direction a
b Polishing direction b
θ Cleaning blade contact angle
Claims (4)
電子写真感光体にクリーニングブレードが画像形成プロセス中の電子写真感光体の回転方向に対してカウンター方向に当接される電子写真装置に、該研磨工程後の電子写真感光体を設置する設置工程と
を有する電子写真装置の製造方法において、
該研磨工程が、研磨部材と該研磨工程前の電子写真感光体とを接触させ、該研磨部材と該研磨工程前の電子写真感光体とを、該研磨工程前の電子写真感光体の周方向のいずれか一方向に相対的に移動させて、該研磨工程前の電子写真感光体の表面を研磨する工程であり、
該設置工程が、該研磨工程後の電子写真感光体の研磨目の方向と、画像形成プロセス中の電子写真感光体の回転方向とが同じ向きとなるように、該研磨工程後の電子写真感光体を該電子写真装置に設置する工程である
ことを特徴とする電子写真装置の製造方法。 And Migaku Ken step you polishing the surface of the cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer,
In an electrophotographic apparatus that will be abutted against a counter direction with respect to the rotation direction of the electronic photosensitive member in the cleaning blade in the image forming process electronic photosensitive member, install the electrophotographic photosensitive member after the polishing step the manufacturing method of an electrophotographic apparatus having a Installation step,
The polishing step, the polishing member and brought into contact with an electrophotographic photosensitive member prior to the polishing step, the circumferential direction of the polishing member and the pre-polishing step and the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the polishing step before the electrophotographic photosensitive member Noi are relatively moved to shift one direction, a step of polishing the surface of the polishing step before the electrophotographic photosensitive member,
The set location process, the direction of the polishing marks of the electrophotographic photosensitive member after the polishing step, so that the rotational direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member in the image forming process is the same direction, electrophotographic after the polishing step A method of manufacturing an electrophotographic apparatus, comprising a step of installing a photoconductor in the electrophotographic apparatus.
電子写真感光体にクリーニングブレードが画像形成プロセス中の電子写真感光体の回転方向に対してカウンター方向に当接されるプロセスカートリッジに、該研磨工程後の電子写真感光体を設置する設置工程と
を有するプロセスカートリッジの製造方法において、
該研磨工程が、研磨部材と該研磨工程前の電子写真感光体とを接触させ、該研磨部材と該研磨工程前の電子写真感光体とを、該研磨工程前の電子写真感光体の周方向のいずれか一方向に相対的に移動させて、該研磨工程前の電子写真感光体の表面を研磨する工程であり、
該設置工程が、該研磨工程後の電子写真感光体の研磨目の方向と、画像形成プロセス中の電子写真感光体の回転方向とが同じ向きとなるように、該研磨工程後の電子写真感光体を該プロセスカートリッジに設置する工程である
ことを特徴とするプロセスカートリッジの製造方法。 And Migaku Ken step you polishing the surface of the cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer,
Set in a process cartridge that will be abutted in a counter direction with respect to the cleaning blade electronic photosensitive member rotational direction of the electronic photosensitive member in an image forming process, install the electrophotographic photosensitive member after the polishing step In a manufacturing method of a process cartridge having a placing step,
The polishing step, the polishing member and brought into contact with an electrophotographic photosensitive member prior to the polishing step, the circumferential direction of the polishing member and the pre-polishing step and the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the polishing step before the electrophotographic photosensitive member Noi are relatively moved to shift one direction, a step of polishing the surface of the polishing step before the electrophotographic photosensitive member,
The set location process, the direction of the polishing marks of the electrophotographic photosensitive member after the polishing step, so that the rotational direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member in the image forming process is the same direction, electrophotographic after the polishing step A process cartridge manufacturing method, comprising a step of installing a photosensitive member in the process cartridge.
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| JP5699643B2 (en) | 2011-01-31 | 2015-04-15 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Method for manufacturing electrophotographic photosensitive member, and process cartridge and image forming apparatus using the electrophotographic photosensitive member |
| JP2013114145A (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-06-10 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, manufacturing method thereof, replaceable imaging unit using photoreceptor, and image forming device |
| JP6085804B2 (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2017-03-01 | シンジーテック株式会社 | Polishing roll and fixing device |
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| JP2000231300A (en) * | 1998-12-08 | 2000-08-22 | Kyocera Corp | Image forming device |
| JP2007086523A (en) * | 2005-09-22 | 2007-04-05 | Canon Inc | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus |
| JP2007328089A (en) * | 2006-06-07 | 2007-12-20 | Canon Inc | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and electrophotographic apparatus using the same |
| JP2009157103A (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2009-07-16 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Image forming apparatus and process cartridge |
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