JP2010082600A - Method of cleaning soil and/or groundwater - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、土壌及び／又は地下水を原位置で浄化する方法であって、鉄塩、生分解性キレート剤、及びペルオキソ二硫酸塩を用いる土壌及び／又は地下水の浄化方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for purifying soil and / or groundwater in situ, and relates to a method for purifying soil and / or groundwater using iron salt, biodegradable chelating agent, and peroxodisulfate.
土壌及び／又は地下水中の汚染が生活環境に大きく影響を与えることが明らかとなり、水質汚濁防止法や土壌汚染対策法等が整備されてきた。しかし、土壌汚染対策法の施工から５年経った今でも、化学物質汚染は次々に発見されており、その浄化が必要となっている。ここで、化学物質とは、主に生物による分解が困難な難分解性の有機化合物や、農薬、防腐剤、石油及びその留分に含まれる芳香族化合物、シアン化物等が該当する。 It has been clarified that contamination in soil and / or groundwater greatly affects the living environment, and the Water Pollution Control Law and the Soil Contamination Countermeasure Law have been established. However, even now, five years after the implementation of the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Law, chemical contamination has been discovered one after another and its purification is required. Here, the chemical substances mainly include persistent organic compounds that are difficult to be decomposed by living organisms, agricultural chemicals, preservatives, aromatic compounds contained in petroleum and its fractions, cyanides, and the like.
これらの化学物質汚染に対し、物理的、化学的、生物的或いはそれらを組み合わせた様々な浄化方法が試みられている。物理的な方法、例えば掘削除去では汚染場所の浄化は可能であるが、除去された汚染物質の二次的な処理が必要となる欠点がある。また、生物的な方法、例えばバイオオーグメンテーションは周辺環境への影響が少ないメリットはあるが、高濃度汚染や複合汚染への適用は難しいというデメリットがある。これらに対し、化学的な浄化方法では、汚染物質の分解が可能なため二次処理が不要であり、さらに分解対象の選択性がないため高濃度汚染や複合汚染への適用も可能である。 Various purification methods have been attempted for these chemical contaminations, such as physical, chemical, biological, or a combination thereof. Although it is possible to clean the contaminated area by a physical method such as excavation and removal, there is a disadvantage that a secondary treatment of the removed pollutant is required. In addition, biological methods such as bioaugmentation have the advantage of having little influence on the surrounding environment, but have the disadvantage of being difficult to apply to high-concentration pollution and complex pollution. On the other hand, the chemical purification method does not require a secondary treatment because the pollutant can be decomposed, and further, can be applied to high-concentration contamination and complex contamination because there is no selectivity for the decomposition target.
化学的な分解方法としては、過酸化水素を用いたフェントン反応による浄化方法(特許文献１参照)や、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩による酸化分解方法が知られている(特許文献２参照)。 As chemical decomposition methods, a purification method using a Fenton reaction using hydrogen peroxide (see Patent Document 1) and an oxidative decomposition method using peroxodisulfate are known (see Patent Document 2).
過酸化水素を用いたフェントン反応による浄化では、地盤環境中では過酸化水素が不安定となるため、注入井戸からの浄化半径が小さいという欠点がある。これとは逆にペルオキソ二硫酸塩は地盤環境中で安定であるため、酸化剤として利用するには何らかの活性化手段を講じる必要があった(特許文献３〜４、非特許文献１参照)。 In the purification by the Fenton reaction using hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide becomes unstable in the ground environment, so there is a drawback that the purification radius from the injection well is small. Contrary to this, peroxodisulfate is stable in the ground environment, and therefore it has been necessary to take some activation means to use it as an oxidizing agent (see Patent Documents 3 to 4 and Non-Patent Document 1).
特許文献３では酸化剤を添加した浄化対象の温度を上げる方法が、特許文献４では銀イオンを触媒として用いる方法が、それぞれ開示されている。しかしながら、これらの方法が経済的に有利でないことは説明するまでもなく、より簡便な方法で活性化する方法が求められていた。 Patent Document 3 discloses a method for increasing the temperature of a purification target to which an oxidizing agent is added, and Patent Document 4 discloses a method for using silver ions as a catalyst. However, it is needless to say that these methods are not economically advantageous, and there has been a demand for a method of activation by a simpler method.
非特許文献１には安価な鉄イオンを用いた活性化方法が開示されているが、この方法は鉄の沈殿を防ぐ目的でｐＨ３程度の酸性で行なわなければならず、重金属溶出量の増加や、浄化用施工器材の腐食等の問題を有している。
本発明の目的は、従来技術における上記したような課題を解決し、化学物質で汚染された土壌及び／又は地下水を原位置において、簡便で効率良くかつ安価に浄化する方法を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems in the prior art and to provide a simple, efficient and inexpensive method for purifying soil and / or groundwater contaminated with chemical substances in situ. .
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために鋭意検討を重ねた結果、鉄イオンを触媒とする代わりに鉄キレートを用いれば幅広いｐＨ領域においてペルオキソ二硫酸塩の活性化が可能であること、さらに硫酸塩を併用すればペルオキソ二硫酸塩単独よりも速い分解速度が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。 As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors can activate peroxodisulfate in a wide pH range by using iron chelate instead of iron ion as a catalyst. Furthermore, when a sulfate was used in combination, it was found that a faster decomposition rate than that of peroxodisulfate alone was obtained, and the present invention was completed.
すなわち、
＜１＞ 本発明の一実施形態は、土壌及び／又は地下水を原位置で浄化する方法であって、鉄塩、生分解性キレート剤、及びペルオキソ二硫酸塩を用いることを特徴とする土壌及び／又は地下水の浄化方法である。
＜２＞ 本発明の好ましい形態は、さらに硫酸塩を用いることを特徴とする上記＜１＞記載の土壌及び／又は地下水の浄化方法である。
＜３＞ 本発明の別の好ましい形態は、さらにｐＨ緩衝剤を用いて、浄化中の土壌及び／又は地下水のｐＨを５〜９とすることを特徴とする、上記＜１＞または＜２＞に記載の土壌及び／又は地下水の浄化方法である。
＜４＞ 本発明の別の好ましい形態は、生分解性キレート剤が、アスパラギン酸二酢酸、タウリン二酢酸、エチレンジアミン二コハク酸、メチルグリシン二酢酸、グルタミン酸二酢酸、及びクエン酸、ならびに、これらの塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも１種であることを特徴とする、上記＜１＞〜＜３＞のいずれか１項に記載の土壌及び／又は地下水の浄化方法である。
＜５＞ 本発明の別の好ましい形態は、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩が、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸ナトリウム、及び過硫酸カリウムからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも１種であることを特徴とする、上記＜１＞〜＜４＞のいずれか１項に記載の土壌及び／又は地下水の浄化方法である。
＜６＞ 本発明の別の実施形態は、土壌及び／又は地下水を、鉄塩及び生分解性キレート剤の存在下で浄化するための浄化薬剤であって、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩を主成分とし、かつペルオキソ二硫酸塩１００重量部に対して少なくとも１重量部の硫酸塩を含有することを特徴とする、土壌及び／又は地下水の浄化薬剤である。
That is,
<1> One embodiment of the present invention is a method for purifying soil and / or groundwater in situ, characterized by using an iron salt, a biodegradable chelating agent, and peroxodisulfate, and This is a method for purifying groundwater.
<2> A preferred embodiment of the present invention is the method for purifying soil and / or groundwater according to the above <1>, wherein sulfate is further used.
<3> Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is the above <1> or <2>, wherein the pH of the soil and / or groundwater being purified is 5 to 9 using a pH buffer. The method for purifying soil and / or groundwater described in 1.
<4> Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is that the biodegradable chelating agent comprises aspartic acid diacetic acid, taurine diacetic acid, ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, methylglycine diacetic acid, glutamic acid diacetic acid, and citric acid, and these It is at least 1 sort (s) chosen from the group which consists of salt, The soil and / or groundwater purification method of any one of said <1>-<3> characterized by the above-mentioned.
<5> In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the peroxodisulfate is at least one selected from the group consisting of ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, and potassium persulfate, <1> It is a purification method of soil and / or groundwater given in any 1 paragraph of <4>.
<6> Another embodiment of the present invention is a purification agent for purifying soil and / or groundwater in the presence of an iron salt and a biodegradable chelating agent, comprising peroxodisulfate as a main component, The soil and / or groundwater purification agent contains at least 1 part by weight of sulfate per 100 parts by weight of peroxodisulfate.
本発明によれば、化学物質に汚染された土壌及び／又は地下水を重金属の溶出を抑制し、効率良く簡便に浄化することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the elution of heavy metal can be suppressed and the soil and / or groundwater contaminated with the chemical substance can be purified efficiently and simply.
本発明において浄化対象となる土壌及び／又は地下水は、主に生物による分解が困難な難分解性の有機化合物や、農薬、防腐剤、石油及びその留分に含まれるトルエン、ベンゼン等の芳香族化合物、トリクロロエチレン（ＴＣＥ）、テトラクロロエチレン（ＰＣＥ）等の有機塩素化合物、シアン化物等の化学物質に汚染されたものである。 The soil and / or groundwater to be purified in the present invention is an organic compound that is hardly decomposable, mainly difficult to be decomposed by living organisms, and aromatics such as pesticides, preservatives, petroleum and its fractions, such as toluene and benzene. Compounds, organic chlorine compounds such as trichlorethylene (TCE) and tetrachlorethylene (PCE), and chemical substances such as cyanide are contaminated.
本発明に用いられる生分解性キレート剤としては、アスパラギン酸二酢酸、タウリン二酢酸、エチレンジアミン二コハク酸、メチルグリシン二酢酸、グルタミン酸二酢酸、及びクエン酸、ならびに、これらの塩類が挙げられ、前記の群から選択される１種を単独で、又は２種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。 Examples of the biodegradable chelating agent used in the present invention include aspartic acid diacetic acid, taurine diacetic acid, ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, methylglycine diacetic acid, glutamic acid diacetic acid, and citric acid, and salts thereof. 1 type selected from the group of these can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
本発明に用いられる鉄塩としては、特に制限はなく、例えば硫酸第一鉄や塩化第一鉄などが挙げられるが入手の容易さから硫酸第一鉄が好適である。本発明の鉄塩は、生分解性キレート剤にキレートされた生分解性鉄キレートとして化学物質に汚染された土壌及び／又は地下水などの浄化対象に供給することが望ましい。 There is no restriction | limiting in particular as iron salt used for this invention, For example, ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride, etc. are mentioned, However, Ferrous sulfate is suitable from easiness of acquisition. The iron salt of the present invention is desirably supplied as a biodegradable iron chelate chelated to a biodegradable chelating agent to a purification target such as soil and / or groundwater contaminated with a chemical substance.
生分解性鉄キレートの使用量は、浄化対象の汚染濃度に依存するが、薬剤が作用する場において鉄イオン換算で１００ｍｇ／Ｌ程度あれば十分である。作用場に供給する生分解性キレート剤の量としては、作用場に存在する鉄イオンの１〜４当量の範囲とすることが好ましい。 The amount of biodegradable iron chelate used depends on the concentration of contamination to be purified, but it is sufficient if it is about 100 mg / L in terms of iron ion when the drug acts. The amount of the biodegradable chelating agent supplied to the action field is preferably in the range of 1 to 4 equivalents of iron ions present in the action field.
本発明に用いられるペルオキソ二硫酸塩は、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸ナトリウム、過硫酸カリウムの何れも使用可能であるが、価格、環境負荷の観点から過硫酸ナトリウムが好適である。 As the peroxodisulfate used in the present invention, any of ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, and potassium persulfate can be used, but sodium persulfate is preferred from the viewpoint of cost and environmental load.
浄化対象に供給するペルオキソ二硫酸塩の量は、汚染物質の分解に必要な量の１〜１０００倍程度である。これより少なければ浄化が不十分となり、多過ぎると浄化対象のｐＨが下がり過ぎる等の弊害が生じる。 The amount of peroxodisulfate supplied to the object to be purified is about 1 to 1000 times the amount necessary for the decomposition of pollutants. If it is less than this, purification will be inadequate, and if it is too much, the pH of the object to be purified will be lowered too much.
生分解性鉄キレート、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩は水溶液として浄化対象に供給することが望ましい。これらの材料は同一の水溶液として供給しても良いし、別々の水溶液として供給しても良い。また、それぞれの材料の濃度は、浄化対象中に存在する地下水に希釈された段階で前述のような濃度となるように決定することが望ましいが、通常は生分解性鉄キレート０．１〜２重量％、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩１〜２０重量％程度が好ましい。 The biodegradable iron chelate and peroxodisulfate are desirably supplied as an aqueous solution to the object to be purified. These materials may be supplied as the same aqueous solution, or may be supplied as separate aqueous solutions. Moreover, although it is desirable to determine the concentration of each material so that it may become the above-mentioned concentration at the stage of being diluted in the groundwater present in the purification target, usually, the biodegradable iron chelate 0.1-2 % By weight and about 1 to 20% by weight of peroxodisulfate are preferable.
本発明に用いられる硫酸塩に制限はないが、環境に与える物質の種類を極力少なくする目的で、使用するペルオキソ二硫酸塩と同一のカチオン種であることが望ましい。例えば、過硫酸ナトリウムを浄化剤として選定した場合は、硫酸塩として硫酸ナトリウムを選定することが好ましい。 Although there is no restriction | limiting in the sulfate used for this invention, It is desirable that it is the same cation kind as the peroxodisulfate to be used in order to reduce the kind of substance given to an environment as much as possible. For example, when sodium persulfate is selected as the cleaning agent, it is preferable to select sodium sulfate as the sulfate.
ペルオキソ二硫酸塩と共に用いる硫酸塩の量は、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩１００重量部に対して少なくとも１重量部であり、好ましくは１〜２０重量部、さらに好ましくは１〜１０重量部である。１重量部未満であると汚染物質の分解向上の効果が得られず、過剰に供給しても期待する程の効果は得られないため、経済的に好ましくない。また、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩と共に用いる硫酸塩は、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩を主成分とし、かつ前述した量の硫酸塩を予め含有した浄化薬剤として準備し、化学物質に汚染された土壌及び／又は地下水などの浄化対象に対して、鉄塩及び生分解性キレートの存在下で用いることができる。 The amount of sulfate used together with peroxodisulfate is at least 1 part by weight, preferably 1-20 parts by weight, more preferably 1-10 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of peroxodisulfate. If it is less than 1 part by weight, the effect of improving the decomposition of the pollutant cannot be obtained, and the effect as expected can not be obtained even if it is supplied in excess, which is economically undesirable. Also, the sulfate used together with peroxodisulfate is prepared as a purification agent containing peroxodisulfate as a main component and containing the above-mentioned amount of sulfate in advance, and soil and / or groundwater contaminated with chemical substances, etc. Can be used in the presence of iron salts and biodegradable chelates.
前述した各材料を含む水溶液の添加方法には、特に制限はなく、注入、圧入、高圧噴射、高圧噴射攪拌、噴霧、揚水曝気システムへの薬剤注入等、あらゆる工法への適用が可能である。通常知られている施工方法の中では、注入工法が最も安価であり、地盤中でのペルオキソ二硫酸塩の安定性、拡散性も活かせることから、本法を適用することが望ましい。また、各材料を含む水溶液を浄化対象に添加する前に加熱すること、各材料を含む水溶液を添加した後浄化対象を加熱することも可能である。 The method for adding the aqueous solution containing each material described above is not particularly limited, and can be applied to all methods such as injection, press-fitting, high-pressure injection, high-pressure injection stirring, spraying, and chemical injection into a pumped water aeration system. Among the generally known construction methods, the injection method is the least expensive, and it is desirable to apply this method because it can also utilize the stability and diffusibility of peroxodisulfate in the ground. It is also possible to heat the aqueous solution containing each material before adding it to the purification object, and to heat the purification object after adding the aqueous solution containing each material.
浄化中の土壌及び／又は地下水のｐＨが５〜９の範囲で、かつ土壌のｐＨ緩衝能が充分にあれば、必ずしもｐＨ緩衝剤の添加は必要ではないが、各材料の添加によって浄化対象のｐＨが下がり過ぎると、重金属が溶出する等の二次汚染の危険性が高まる。このため、ｐＨの過度の低下の恐れのある場合にはｐＨ緩衝剤を用いることが望ましい。ここで用いられるｐＨ緩衝剤としては、化学便覧等で紹介されているもので良いが、鉄の沈殿抑制や環境調和の観点から炭酸系緩衝剤が好ましい。炭酸系緩衝剤としては、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素カリウム等が挙げられる。このうち、コストや溶解度、ｐＨの観点からは炭酸水素ナトリウムを単独で使用するか、もしくは炭酸水素ナトリウムと炭酸ナトリウムとを併用することが望ましい。ｐＨ緩衝剤は浄化中の土壌及び／又は地下水のｐＨが５〜９となるように添加すれば良いが、炭酸イオン及び炭酸水素イオンにはラジカルスカベンジャー効果があるため、極力使用を控えることが望ましい。 If the pH of the soil and / or groundwater being purified is in the range of 5 to 9 and the soil has a sufficient pH buffering capacity, the addition of a pH buffering agent is not necessarily required. If the pH is too low, the risk of secondary contamination such as elution of heavy metals increases. For this reason, it is desirable to use a pH buffer when there is a risk of excessive decrease in pH. The pH buffer used here may be the one introduced in the chemical handbook, but a carbonate buffer is preferred from the viewpoint of iron precipitation suppression and environmental harmony. Examples of the carbonate buffer include sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate and the like. Among these, from the viewpoint of cost, solubility, and pH, it is desirable to use sodium bicarbonate alone or to use sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate in combination. The pH buffer may be added so that the pH of soil and / or groundwater during purification is 5 to 9, but it is desirable to refrain from using it as much as possible because carbonate ions and bicarbonate ions have a radical scavenger effect. .
以下、実施例により本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明は、以下の実施例に何ら制限を受けるものではない。また、以下の実施例ではｐＨ緩衝剤として一律に炭酸水素ナトリウムを用いており、反応速度は若干低下している。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention concretely, this invention does not receive a restriction | limiting at all in the following examples. In the following examples, sodium hydrogen carbonate is uniformly used as a pH buffering agent, and the reaction rate is slightly reduced.
実施例１〜４
（１）２０〜４０ｍｇ／Ｌのテトラクロロエチレン(以下、ＰＣＥと称す)を含有する模擬汚染水を調製した。
（２）ＦｅＳＯ４・７Ｈ２Ｏとクエン酸を等モル混合したクエン酸鉄キレートの濃厚液を調製した。
（３）pH緩衝剤として炭酸水素ナトリウムを用意した。
（４）内容量１３４ｍＬの耐圧ガラス瓶にスターラーチップを入れ、（１）〜（３）及び過硫酸ナトリウム（以下、ＮＰＳと称す）、硫酸ナトリウム（以下、ＮＳと称す）を所望の濃度になるように添加した。
（５）容器を密栓し、室温（２５℃）にて４８時間攪拌した後、反応液を取り出し、ヘッドスペースＧＣ−ＭＳ分析に供した。結果を表１に示す。
Examples 1-4
(1) Simulated contaminated water containing 20 to 40 mg / L tetrachlorethylene (hereinafter referred to as PCE) was prepared.
(2) A concentrated solution of iron citrate chelate mixed with equimolar amounts of FeSO 4 · 7H 2 O and citric acid was prepared.
(3) Sodium bicarbonate was prepared as a pH buffer.
(4) Put a stirrer chip into a pressure-resistant glass bottle with an internal volume of 134 mL, and (1) to (3), sodium persulfate (hereinafter referred to as NPS), sodium sulfate (hereinafter referred to as NS) to a desired concentration. Added to.
(5) The vessel was sealed and stirred at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 48 hours, and then the reaction solution was taken out and subjected to headspace GC-MS analysis. The results are shown in Table 1.
比較例１
クエン酸鉄キレートを用いなかった以外は、実施例１と同様にしてＰＣＥ分解率を測定した。結果を表１に示す。
Comparative Example 1
The PCE degradation rate was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that no iron citrate chelate was used. The results are shown in Table 1.
実施例５〜９
クエン酸以外の生分解性鉄キレートを用い、反応時間を９６時間とした以外は、実施例１と同様な方法で実験を行なった。尚、生分解性鉄キレートの添加濃度は鉄換算として１５ｍｇ／Ｌとした。結果を表２に示す。
Examples 5-9
The experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a biodegradable iron chelate other than citric acid was used and the reaction time was 96 hours. In addition, the addition density | concentration of biodegradable iron chelate was 15 mg / L in iron conversion. The results are shown in Table 2.
実施例１０〜１１
クエン酸以外の生分解性鉄キレートを用い、反応時間を９６時間とした以外は、実施例３と同様な方法で実験を行なった。尚、生分解性鉄キレートの添加濃度は鉄換算として１５ｍｇ／Ｌとした。結果を表２に示す。
Examples 10-11
An experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 3 except that a biodegradable iron chelate other than citric acid was used and the reaction time was 96 hours. In addition, the addition density | concentration of biodegradable iron chelate was 15 mg / L in iron conversion. The results are shown in Table 2.
実施例１２〜１３
（１）約８０ｍｇ／Ｌのベンゼンを含有する模擬汚染水を調製した。
（２）ＦｅＳＯ４・７Ｈ２Ｏとクエン酸ナトリウムを等モル混合したクエン酸鉄キレートの濃厚液を調製した。
（３）緩衝剤として炭酸水素ナトリウムを用意した。
（４）内容量１３４ｍＬの耐圧ガラス瓶にスターラーチップを入れ、（１）〜（３）及び過硫酸ナトリウム（ＮＰＳ）、硫酸ナトリウム（ＮＳ）を所望の濃度になるように添加した。
（５）容器を密栓し、室温にて２４時間攪拌した後、反応液を取り出し、ヘッドスペースＧＣ−ＭＳ分析に供した。結果を表３に示す。
Examples 12-13
(1) Simulated contaminated water containing about 80 mg / L of benzene was prepared.
(2) A concentrated solution of iron citrate chelate mixed with equimolar amounts of FeSO 4 .7H 2 O and sodium citrate was prepared.
(3) Sodium hydrogen carbonate was prepared as a buffering agent.
(4) A stirrer chip was placed in a pressure-resistant glass bottle having an internal volume of 134 mL, and (1) to (3), sodium persulfate (NPS), and sodium sulfate (NS) were added to a desired concentration.
(5) The container was sealed and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, and then the reaction solution was taken out and subjected to headspace GC-MS analysis. The results are shown in Table 3.
比較例２
クエン酸Ｎａ鉄キレートを用いなかった以外は、実施例１２と同様にしてベンゼン分解率を測定した。結果を表３に示す。
Comparative Example 2
The benzene decomposition rate was measured in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the sodium iron citrate chelate was not used. The results are shown in Table 3.
比較例３
クエン酸Ｎａ鉄キレートを用いず、硫酸ナトリウム濃度を３３６ｍｇ／Ｌとした以外は、実施例１３と同様にしてベンゼン分解率を測定した。結果を表３に示す。
Comparative Example 3
The benzene decomposition rate was measured in the same manner as in Example 13 except that sodium iron citrate chelate was not used and the sodium sulfate concentration was 336 mg / L. The results are shown in Table 3.
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