JP2010078292A - Oil circulation rate measuring device - Google Patents

Oil circulation rate measuring device Download PDF

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JP2010078292A
JP2010078292A JP2008250582A JP2008250582A JP2010078292A JP 2010078292 A JP2010078292 A JP 2010078292A JP 2008250582 A JP2008250582 A JP 2008250582A JP 2008250582 A JP2008250582 A JP 2008250582A JP 2010078292 A JP2010078292 A JP 2010078292A
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oil
light
circulation rate
mixed fluid
oil circulation
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Takao Shimizu
孝雄 清水
Ryusuke Takigawa
隆介 瀧川
Tomohiro Honda
知宏 本田
Koki Takao
幸来 高尾
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Chino Corp
Fukuoka University
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Chino Corp
Fukuoka University
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an oil circulation rate measuring device optically measuring an oil circulation rate in a CO<SB>2</SB>heat pump system. <P>SOLUTION: The oil circulation rate measuring device 1 includes an optical measuring means 5, a block body 6 is connected by piping between a gas cooler 12 of the CO<SB>2</SB>heat pump system and an expansion valve 13, and a filter member 4 removing unnecessary objects while uniformly mixing a coolant (CO<SB>2</SB>) mixed in oil is connected between an upstream side passage 2a of a passage 2 formed in the block body 6 and the gas cooler 12. In the optical measuring means 5, light of wavelengths absorbed by oil mixed in mixed fluid is projected, and a circulation rate of the oil is calculated on the basis of a working curve created from a transmissivity of light of wavelengths having passed through the mixed fluid. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

本発明は、空調装置や冷凍装置等における冷凍サイクルを循環する冷媒と非相溶性潤滑油のオイル循環率を測定するオイル循環率測定装置に係り、特にCO2 ヒートポンプシステム内を循環する冷媒(CO2 )に混入するオイルのオイル循環率を光学的に測定できるオイル循環率測定装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to an oil circulation rate measuring device that measures the oil circulation rate of refrigerant that is circulated in a refrigeration cycle and incompatible lubricating oil in an air conditioner, a refrigeration device, and the like, and more particularly, a refrigerant (CO that circulates in a CO 2 heat pump system. It relates to an oil circulation rate measuring device that can optically measure the oil circulation rate of oil mixed in 2 ).

従来より、空調冷凍機やヒートポンプでは、コンプレッサで冷媒(フロン冷媒)を加圧し、凝縮器で放熱し、膨張弁からエバポレータ内に急激に噴出させて気化させ、このとき周囲から気化熱を奪って冷却することにより室内等を冷暖房している。このシステム内において、機械的駆動部を有するコンプレッサは、自身の潤滑のために潤滑油が必要である。この潤滑油の一部は冷媒とともにシステム内を循環しているが、それ自身は熱伝導率が低いなどの理由で、システムの効率の点ではマイナスの要因となっている。そのため、システム内のオイル量を制御するために、オイル量の指標であるオイル循環率(Oil Circulation Ratio :OCR)の測定の要求がある。また、CO2 ヒートポンプシステムでも同様の要求がある。 Conventionally, in air-conditioning refrigerators and heat pumps, refrigerant (fluorocarbon refrigerant) is pressurized by a compressor, dissipated heat by a condenser, and is rapidly ejected from an expansion valve into an evaporator to vaporize. The room is air-conditioned by cooling. Within this system, a compressor with a mechanical drive requires lubricating oil for its own lubrication. A part of this lubricating oil circulates in the system together with the refrigerant, but the lubricating oil itself is a negative factor in terms of system efficiency because of its low thermal conductivity. Therefore, in order to control the amount of oil in the system, there is a need to measure an oil circulation rate (OCR) that is an index of the amount of oil. The CO 2 heat pump system has similar requirements.

ところで、従来のフロン冷媒におけるOCR測定法としては、例えばサンプリング方式、赤外線吸収方式、紫外線吸収方式、オイル分離方式、静電容量方式等が知られている。サンプリング方式は、ヒートポンプシステム内の膨張弁の直前で配管に分岐を設け、真空にした耐圧容器を接続してサンプリングし、サンプリングした冷媒とオイルの混合流体の重量を測定して真空の耐圧容器から切り離し、冷媒を気化させてオイルのみにして重量を測定してOCRを算出する方法である。赤外線吸収方式は、オイルと冷媒が相溶性の場合に、オイルに固有の吸収波長の吸光度を用いて、吸光度とオイル濃度の関係からOCRを算出する方法である。紫外線吸収方式は、オイルに相溶の蛍光剤をヒートポンプシステム内に投入し、紫外線を照射して蛍光強度を測定し、蛍光強度の違いよりOCRを算出する方法である。オイル分離方式は、冷媒とオイルを遠心分離等の方法で完全に分離し、分離したオイルの量からOCRを算出する方法である(下記特許文献1を参照)。静電容量方式は、冷媒とオイルの比誘電率の違いから、静電容量を測定してOCRを算出する方法である(下記特許文献2を参照)。
特許第3461820号 特開2003−21611号公報
By the way, as an OCR measuring method in a conventional chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant, for example, a sampling method, an infrared absorption method, an ultraviolet absorption method, an oil separation method, a capacitance method, and the like are known. In the sampling method, a pipe is branched immediately before the expansion valve in the heat pump system, a vacuum pressure vessel is connected and sampled, the weight of the sampled refrigerant and oil mixture is measured, and the vacuum pressure vessel is This is a method of calculating the OCR by separating and vaporizing the refrigerant to measure only the oil and measuring the weight. The infrared absorption method is a method of calculating the OCR from the relationship between the absorbance and the oil concentration by using the absorbance at the absorption wavelength unique to the oil when the oil and the refrigerant are compatible. The ultraviolet absorption method is a method in which a fluorescent agent compatible with oil is introduced into a heat pump system, the fluorescence intensity is measured by irradiating ultraviolet rays, and the OCR is calculated from the difference in fluorescence intensity. The oil separation method is a method in which refrigerant and oil are completely separated by a method such as centrifugal separation, and OCR is calculated from the amount of separated oil (see Patent Document 1 below). The electrostatic capacity method is a method of calculating the OCR by measuring the electrostatic capacity from the difference in relative permittivity between the refrigerant and the oil (see Patent Document 2 below).
Japanese Patent No. 3461820 JP 2003-21611 A

しかしながら、自然冷媒であるCO2 ヒートポンプシステムは、超臨界域で作動する高圧のサイクルであり、冷媒であるCO2 とオイルが非相溶性であるため2層に分離し、配管内の管壁表面ではオイルが波打つように流れ、それ以外の場所ではオイルの液滴が噴流状に流れて不均一に流動している。そして、このようなCO2 とオイルとが分離してサイクル中を不均一に流動している状態では、従来の光学的手法によるOCR測定が困難であった。 However, the CO 2 heat pump system, which is a natural refrigerant, is a high-pressure cycle that operates in the supercritical region. Since the refrigerant, CO 2 and oil, are incompatible, they are separated into two layers, and the surface of the pipe wall inside the pipe Then, the oil flows like a wave, and in other places, the oil droplets flow like a jet and flow unevenly. In such a state where CO 2 and oil are separated and are flowing non-uniformly in the cycle, it is difficult to perform OCR measurement by a conventional optical method.

そこで、本発明は上記問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、冷媒とオイルとを一様に攪拌して光学的手法による測定を可能としたオイル循環率測定装置を提供することを目的とするものである。   Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an oil circulation rate measuring apparatus that can measure by an optical method by uniformly stirring refrigerant and oil. Is.

上記した目的を達成するために、請求項1記載のオイル循環率測定装置は、圧縮機、ガスクーラ、膨張弁、蒸発器の順に配管接続されるCO2 ヒートポンプシステムに用いられ、前記配管を循環する自然冷媒としてのCO2 に混入されるオイルの循環率を測定するオイル循環率測定装置であって、
前記ガスクーラからのオイルが混入した冷媒を、混合しつつ不要物を除去した混合流体として排出するフィルタ手段と、
前記混合流体を流すための流路が形成された本体を有し、前記流路の上流側に接続される前記フィルタ手段から排出される前記混合流体中のオイルに吸収される波長の光を前記流路を流れる前記混合流体に投光する投光部と、該投光部からの光の投光に伴って前記混合流体を透過した光を受光する受光部と、該受光部が受光した光の波長における透過率から作成される検量線に基づいて前記オイルの循環率を演算する演算部とを備えた光学的測定手段とを具備したことを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above-described object, the oil circulation rate measuring device according to claim 1 is used in a CO 2 heat pump system in which a compressor, a gas cooler, an expansion valve, and an evaporator are connected in this order, and circulates through the piping. An oil circulation rate measuring device for measuring a circulation rate of oil mixed in CO 2 as a natural refrigerant,
Filter means for discharging refrigerant mixed with oil from the gas cooler as a mixed fluid from which unnecessary substances are removed while mixing,
A main body having a flow path for flowing the mixed fluid, the light having a wavelength absorbed by the oil in the mixed fluid discharged from the filter means connected to the upstream side of the flow path; A light projecting unit that projects light onto the mixed fluid flowing through the flow path, a light receiving unit that receives light transmitted through the mixed fluid in response to light projection from the light projecting unit, and light received by the light receiving unit And an optical measuring means having a calculation unit for calculating the circulation rate of the oil based on a calibration curve created from the transmittance at a wavelength of.

請求項2記載のオイル循環率測定装置は、請求項1記載のオイル循環率測定装置において、前記フィルタ手段は、前記流路の上流側に着脱可能に配管接続されるフィルタ本体の内部に、パーティクルを除去するエレメントが取り出し可能に設けられたことを特徴とする。   The oil circulation rate measuring device according to claim 2 is the oil circulation rate measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the filter means includes particles inside a filter main body detachably connected to the upstream side of the flow path. It is characterized in that an element for removing the element is provided so as to be removable.

請求項3記載のオイル循環率測定装置は、請求項2記載のオイル循環率測定装置において、前記エレメントは、表面がひだ加工されたメッシュ状のエレメント、焼結金属からなるエレメント、筒状金属網からなるエレメントの何れかで構成されることを特徴とする。   The oil circulation rate measuring device according to claim 3 is the oil circulation rate measuring device according to claim 2, wherein the element is a mesh-like element whose surface is pleated, an element made of sintered metal, a cylindrical metal net It is comprised by either of the elements which consist of.

本発明のオイル循環率測定装置によれば、フィルタ部材を用いて冷媒(CO2 )とオイルを一様に混合しつつ不要物を除去するため、CO2 ヒートポンプシステム内のOCRを光学的手法で測定することができる。 According to the oil circulation rate measuring apparatus of the present invention, an OCR in a CO 2 heat pump system is optically removed by using a filter member to remove unnecessary substances while uniformly mixing refrigerant (CO 2 ) and oil. Can be measured.

また、フィルタ部材で一様に混合しつつ不要物を除去した混合流体に対し、測定する混合流体中のオイルに吸収される波長の光(吸収波長)を投光し、この投光に伴って混合流体を通過した光を受光し、この受光した光の波長から作成される検量線に基づいてオイル循環率を演算して正確にOCR測定を行うことができる。その際、吸収波長の光と、混合流体中のオイルに吸収されない参照波長の光とを選択的に混合流体に投光する構成でのOCR測定も可能である。   In addition, light having a wavelength (absorption wavelength) absorbed by the oil in the mixed fluid to be measured is projected to the mixed fluid from which unnecessary substances are removed while being uniformly mixed by the filter member. The light passing through the mixed fluid is received, and the oil circulation rate is calculated based on a calibration curve created from the wavelength of the received light, so that the OCR measurement can be accurately performed. At that time, OCR measurement in a configuration in which light having an absorption wavelength and light having a reference wavelength not absorbed by oil in the mixed fluid are selectively projected onto the mixed fluid is also possible.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面を参照しながら具体的に説明する。図1は本発明に係るオイル循環率測定装置を含むCO2 ヒートポンプシステムの概略構成図、図2は同オイル循環率測定装置の構成図、図3は同オイル循環率測定装置のフィルタ手段の概略構成図、図4は同フィルタ手段の他の構成例を説明するための概略構成図、図5は同フィルタ手段の他の構成例を説明するための概略構成図である。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a CO 2 heat pump system including an oil circulation rate measuring device according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of the oil circulation rate measuring device, and FIG. 3 is an overview of filter means of the oil circulation rate measuring device. FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining another configuration example of the filter means, and FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining another configuration example of the filter means.

本例のオイル循環率測定装置は、図1に示すような自然冷媒としてCO2 を利用したCO2 ヒートポンプシステムに用いられ、自然冷媒であるCO2 に混入したオイル量の指標であるオイル循環率(OCR)を光学的手法によって測定している。 Oil circulation rate measuring apparatus of the present embodiment is used in a CO 2 heat pump system using CO 2 as a natural refrigerant such as shown in FIG. 1, an oil circulation ratio is an indicator of entrained oil level in CO 2 a natural refrigerant (OCR) is measured by an optical method.

まず、図1に基づいて、本例のオイル循環率測定装置が採用されるCO2 ヒートポンプシステムの概略構成について説明する。図1に示すように、CO2 ヒートポンプシステム10は、冷媒としてCO2 を使用し、熱交換して気化した冷媒(CO2 )を高圧蒸気冷媒(CO2 )にするための圧縮機11、高圧高温冷媒(CO2 )を高圧低温冷媒(CO2 )に冷却するガスクーラ12、冷却された冷媒液(CO2 )を絞り膨張させて低圧・低温の液体混合体(蒸発冷媒(CO2 ))にするための膨張弁13、膨張によって一部蒸発した湿り蒸気冷媒(CO2 )を熱交換によって蒸発させるための蒸発器14が、この順でオイル混入の冷媒(CO2 )が流れるように一つの循環系を形成して配管接続された構成である。そして、本例のオイル循環率測定装置1は、ガスクーラ12と膨張弁13との間に配管接続されている。 First, a schematic configuration of a CO 2 heat pump system in which the oil circulation rate measuring device of this example is employed will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, a CO 2 heat pump system 10 uses CO 2 as a refrigerant, a compressor 11 for converting a refrigerant (CO 2 ) vaporized by heat exchange into a high-pressure vapor refrigerant (CO 2 ), a high pressure A gas cooler 12 that cools the high-temperature refrigerant (CO 2 ) to the high-pressure and low-temperature refrigerant (CO 2 ), and squeezes and expands the cooled refrigerant liquid (CO 2 ) to form a low-pressure / low-temperature liquid mixture (evaporated refrigerant (CO 2 )). The expansion valve 13 for performing the operation and the evaporator 14 for evaporating the wet vapor refrigerant (CO 2 ) partially evaporated by the expansion by heat exchange are arranged so that the oil-mixed refrigerant (CO 2 ) flows in this order. This is a configuration in which a circulation system is formed and connected by piping. The oil circulation rate measuring device 1 of this example is connected by piping between the gas cooler 12 and the expansion valve 13.

図2に示すように、オイル循環率測定装置1は、ガスクーラ12から流入するオイル混入の冷媒(CO2 )を膨張弁13に流出するための流路2が設けられた装置本体3と、フィルタ手段としてのフィルタ部材4、フィルタ部材4において一様に混合しつつ不要物が除去されたオイルと冷媒(CO2 )の混合体(以下、混合流体と記す)のOCRを測定するための光学的測定手段5を備えて構成される。 As shown in FIG. 2, the oil circulation rate measuring apparatus 1 includes an apparatus main body 3 provided with a flow path 2 for allowing an oil-mixed refrigerant (CO 2 ) flowing in from a gas cooler 12 to flow into an expansion valve 13, a filter Optical for measuring OCR of a filter member 4 as a means, and a mixture of oil and refrigerant (CO 2 ) from which unnecessary substances are removed while being uniformly mixed in the filter member 4 (hereinafter referred to as mixed fluid). The measuring means 5 is provided.

装置本体3は、矩形状のブロック本体6と、光学的測定で用いる光ファイバ9を固定する光ファイバ固定治具7で構成され、ブロック本体6の中央には流体を流すための直線状の流路2が長手方向にガスクーラ12と膨張弁13とに連通して形成されている。この流路2は、上流側流路2aがフィルタ部材4を介してガスクーラ12と配管接続されており、下流側流路2bが膨張弁13と配管接続されている。また、装置本体3には、混合流体を光学的手法で測定するための所定径を有する覗き孔が流路2の略中間位置に直交するように対向して設けられ、この覗き孔に光学窓8が設けられている。   The apparatus main body 3 is composed of a rectangular block main body 6 and an optical fiber fixing jig 7 for fixing an optical fiber 9 used for optical measurement. A linear flow for flowing a fluid in the center of the block main body 6 is provided. A passage 2 is formed in communication with the gas cooler 12 and the expansion valve 13 in the longitudinal direction. In this flow path 2, the upstream flow path 2 a is connected to the gas cooler 12 via the filter member 4, and the downstream flow path 2 b is connected to the expansion valve 13 via a pipe. Further, the apparatus body 3 is provided with a viewing hole having a predetermined diameter for measuring the mixed fluid by an optical method so as to be orthogonal to a substantially intermediate position of the flow path 2. 8 is provided.

光学窓8は、投光側光学窓8aと受光側光学窓8bとで構成され、各窓は対向する位置にそれぞれ設けられている。光学窓8は、覗き孔にシール材としてテフロン(登録商標)製のバックアップリングおよびOリングを設置した後に石英ガラスを設置し、石英ガラスを押さえるためにガラスホルダを設置し、その上から超高張力鋼のフタをしてネジ止めによって固定されることで構成されている。そして、フタにある覗き孔から石英ガラスを介して混合流体を光学的手法で測定している。   The optical window 8 includes a light-projecting side optical window 8a and a light-receiving side optical window 8b, and the windows are provided at positions facing each other. The optical window 8 is provided with a Teflon (registered trademark) backup ring and O-ring as a sealing material in the viewing hole, followed by quartz glass, and a glass holder for holding the quartz glass. It is composed of a tension steel lid and fixed by screwing. Then, the mixed fluid is measured by an optical method through the quartz glass from the viewing hole in the lid.

光ファイバ固定治具7は、光ファイバ9を固定するために、投光側固定治具7aと受光側固定治具7bをブロック本体6のフタに設置する。投光側固定治具7aと受光側固定治具7bは、ともにファイバを固定できるようになっており、投光側ではファイバが覗き孔の中心で固定され、受光側はXY方向に位置の微調整が可能になっている。   The optical fiber fixing jig 7 installs the light projecting side fixing jig 7 a and the light receiving side fixing jig 7 b on the lid of the block body 6 in order to fix the optical fiber 9. Both the light emitting side fixing jig 7a and the light receiving side fixing jig 7b can fix the fiber. On the light emitting side, the fiber is fixed at the center of the viewing hole, and the light receiving side is slightly positioned in the XY direction. Adjustment is possible.

フィルタ部材4は、オイルと冷媒(CO2 )とを一様に混合し、且つパーティクルなどのゴミを不要物として除去するためのフィルタ手段であり、上流側流路2aとガスクーラ12との間に設けられている。さらに説明すると、図3〜5に示すように、フィルタ部材4の内部には、オイルと冷媒(CO2 )とを混合して一様にしつつ流体中の不要物を除去するフィルタであるエレメント4aが設けられている。 The filter member 4 is a filter means for uniformly mixing oil and refrigerant (CO 2 ), and removing dust such as particles as an unnecessary substance, and is provided between the upstream channel 2 a and the gas cooler 12. Is provided. More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, an element 4 a that is a filter that removes unnecessary substances in the fluid while mixing the oil and the refrigerant (CO 2 ) uniformly in the filter member 4. Is provided.

このエレメント4aは、図3に示すような例えばステンレス鋼で形成される表面がひだ状に加工若しくはリテイナー・スクリーン加工されたメッシュ状のエレメントを、図4に示すような例えば粉末のSUS316からなる焼結金属で形成される筒状のエレメント、図5に示すような例えばSUS316で形成される筒状金属網のエレメントの何れかを使用する。これら各エレメント4aのうち、省スペース化を図りつつフィルタエリアを拡大する場合は図3に示すメッシュ状のエレメントを、直径約0.5μm〜90μmまでの微小な不要物を除去する場合は図4に示す筒状のエレメントを、直径約40μm〜440μm以上の比較的大きな不要物を除去する場合は図5に示す筒状金属網のエレメントを用いることが好適である。   As shown in FIG. 3, the element 4a is made of, for example, a mesh-shaped element having a pleated or retainer-screened surface formed of, for example, stainless steel. Either a cylindrical element formed of a bonded metal or a cylindrical metal net element formed of, for example, SUS316 as shown in FIG. 5 is used. Among these elements 4a, when expanding the filter area while saving space, the mesh-like element shown in FIG. 3 is used. When removing minute unnecessary objects having a diameter of about 0.5 μm to 90 μm, FIG. When removing a relatively large unnecessary material having a diameter of about 40 μm to 440 μm or more, it is preferable to use a cylindrical metal net element shown in FIG.

なお、図4ではフィルタ部材4のエレメントとして筒状金属網のエレメントが、図5ではフィルタ部材4のエレメントとして筒状のエレメントがそれぞれ設けられた例で説明したが、例えば図4におけるフィルタ部材4に筒状のエレメントを設けた構成、図5におけるフィルタ部材4に筒状金属網のエレメントを設けた構成とすることもできる。これは、使用環境や装置の設置場所などにより適宜選択可能である。   4 illustrates an example in which a cylindrical metal mesh element is provided as an element of the filter member 4, and FIG. 5 illustrates an example in which a cylindrical element is provided as an element of the filter member 4. However, for example, the filter member 4 in FIG. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which a cylindrical element is provided on the filter member 4 in FIG. This can be appropriately selected depending on the use environment, the installation location of the apparatus, and the like.

光学的測定手段5は、オイルに固有の吸収波長と参照波長の透過率比を測定するものであり、図2に示すように投光部5a、受光部5b、演算部5cを備えて構成される。   The optical measuring means 5 measures the transmittance ratio between the absorption wavelength inherent to the oil and the reference wavelength, and includes a light projecting unit 5a, a light receiving unit 5b, and a computing unit 5c as shown in FIG. The

投光部5aは、流路2内を流れる混合流体のOCRを測定するため、所定波長の光を選択的に出射している。本例の投光部5aは、例えばハロゲンランプ等の光源からの光を、モータにより回転するセクタに設置された異なる透過波長をもつフィルタに通過させ、測定する混合流体中のオイルに吸収される吸収波長を1種類、吸収されない参照波長を2種類、計3種類の波長の光を順次出射する。この投光部5aから順次出射される3種類の光は、投光側固定治具7aに固定された光ファイバ9を介し、投光側光学窓8aを通じて流路2内の混合流体に順次投光される。
なお、投光部5aは、OCR測定に必要な上記3種類の波長の光が混合流体に投光できる形態であれば、その構成内容は特に限定されない。
The light projecting unit 5 a selectively emits light having a predetermined wavelength in order to measure the OCR of the mixed fluid flowing in the flow path 2. The light projecting unit 5a of this example allows light from a light source such as a halogen lamp to pass through filters having different transmission wavelengths installed in a sector rotated by a motor, and is absorbed by oil in a mixed fluid to be measured. One type of absorption wavelength, two types of reference wavelengths that are not absorbed, and a total of three types of light are sequentially emitted. The three types of light sequentially emitted from the light projecting unit 5a are sequentially projected onto the mixed fluid in the flow path 2 through the light projecting side optical window 8a through the optical fiber 9 fixed to the light projecting side fixing jig 7a. Lighted.
In addition, if the light projection part 5a is a form which can project the light of the said 3 types of wavelength required for OCR measurement to a mixed fluid, the structure content will not be specifically limited.

受光部5bは、フォトダイオード等の受光素子で構成され、流路2内の混合流体を通過した3種類の波長(吸収波長、参照波長)光を受光側固定治具7bに固定された光ファイバ9を介して順次入射し、この入射した光強度に応じた電気信号を演算部5cに出力している。   The light receiving unit 5b is composed of a light receiving element such as a photodiode, and is an optical fiber in which three kinds of wavelengths (absorption wavelength, reference wavelength) light that has passed through the mixed fluid in the flow path 2 are fixed to the light receiving side fixing jig 7b. 9 is sequentially incident, and an electric signal corresponding to the incident light intensity is output to the arithmetic unit 5c.

演算部5cは、受光部5bから出力された電気信号に基づいて、各波長の光で測定された透過率と実測したOCRから検量線を作成する。本例では、参照波長とオイルに吸収される波長における透過率を重回帰分析で作成している。そして、下記式(1)に示すように、各波長の透過率の対数をとって説明変数とし、またOCR値を目的変数として、重回帰分析により偏回帰係数を求めてOCRを算出している。なお、下記式(1)において、YはOCR〔wt.%〕、aは偏回帰係数、λは波長(1種類の吸収波長及び2種類の参照波長)〔μm〕、T(λ)は波長λでの透過率を表す。   The calculation unit 5c creates a calibration curve from the transmittance measured with the light of each wavelength and the actually measured OCR, based on the electrical signal output from the light receiving unit 5b. In this example, the transmittance at the reference wavelength and the wavelength absorbed by the oil is created by multiple regression analysis. Then, as shown in the following formula (1), the logarithm of the transmittance of each wavelength is taken as an explanatory variable, and the OCR value is used as an objective variable, and the partial regression coefficient is obtained by multiple regression analysis to calculate the OCR. . In the following formula (1), Y represents OCR [wt. %], A is a partial regression coefficient, λ is a wavelength (one type of absorption wavelength and two types of reference wavelengths) [μm], and T (λ) is a transmittance at wavelength λ.

Y=a0 +a1 log(T(λ1 ))+
2 log(T(λ2 ))+a3 log(T(λ3 ))…式(1)
Y = a 0 + a 1 log (T (λ 1 )) +
a 2 log (T (λ 2 )) + a 3 log (T (λ 3 )) (1)

そして、上述したオイル循環率測定装置1をCO2 ヒートポンプシステム10に採用した場合、ガスクーラ12から流入したオイル混入の冷媒(CO2 )をフィルタ部材4により一様に混合され、不要物が除去された混合流体として流路2内に流入する。投光部5aから周期的に出射された3種類の光が光ファイバ9を介して投光側光学窓8aを通じて流路2内の混合流体に順次投光される。混合流体を通過した光は、受光側固定治具7bに固定された光ファイバ9を介して受光部5bに集光され、この集光された光強度に応じた電気信号を演算部5cに出力する。演算部5cは、受光部5bから出力された電気信号に基づいて、演算部5cにおいて波長毎の透過率から作成される重回帰分析による検量線に基づいてCO2 ヒートポンプシステム10内のOCRを算出することで、CO2 ヒートポンプシステム10内のOCRを測定している。 When the above-described oil circulation rate measuring device 1 is employed in the CO 2 heat pump system 10, the oil-mixed refrigerant (CO 2 ) flowing in from the gas cooler 12 is uniformly mixed by the filter member 4 to remove unnecessary substances. The mixed fluid flows into the flow path 2. Three types of light periodically emitted from the light projecting unit 5a are sequentially projected onto the mixed fluid in the flow path 2 through the light projecting side optical window 8a via the optical fiber 9. The light that has passed through the mixed fluid is condensed on the light receiving unit 5b through the optical fiber 9 fixed to the light receiving side fixing jig 7b, and an electric signal corresponding to the collected light intensity is output to the arithmetic unit 5c. To do. The computing unit 5c calculates the OCR in the CO 2 heat pump system 10 based on the calibration curve by multiple regression analysis created from the transmittance for each wavelength in the computing unit 5c based on the electrical signal output from the light receiving unit 5b. Thus, the OCR in the CO 2 heat pump system 10 is measured.

このように、本実施形態のオイル循環率測定装置1は、CO2 ヒートポンプシステム10におけるガスクーラ12と膨張弁13との間に配設され、ガスクーラ12から流出されたオイル混入の冷媒(CO2 )をフィルタ部材4により一様に混合しつつ不要物を除去して得られる混合流体に対し、測定する混合流体中のオイルに吸収される吸収波長を1種類、吸収されない参照波長を2種類、計3種類の波長の光を投光部5aから順次投光する。
そして、混合流体を通過した3種類の光を順次受光部5bで受光し、この受光した光強度に応じた電気信号を演算部5cに出力し、演算部5cにおいて波長毎の透過率から作成される重回帰分析による検量線に基づいてCO2 ヒートポンプシステム10内のOCRを算出している。
As described above, the oil circulation rate measuring apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment is disposed between the gas cooler 12 and the expansion valve 13 in the CO 2 heat pump system 10, and contains oil-mixed refrigerant (CO 2 ) that has flowed out of the gas cooler 12. For the mixed fluid obtained by removing unnecessary substances while uniformly mixing the filter member 4, one type of absorption wavelength absorbed by the oil in the mixed fluid to be measured and two types of reference wavelengths not absorbed are measured. Three types of wavelengths of light are sequentially projected from the light projecting unit 5a.
Then, the three types of light that have passed through the mixed fluid are sequentially received by the light receiving unit 5b, and an electric signal corresponding to the received light intensity is output to the calculation unit 5c. The calculation unit 5c is created from the transmittance for each wavelength. The OCR in the CO 2 heat pump system 10 is calculated based on a calibration curve obtained by multiple regression analysis.

すなわち、フィルタ部材4を用いて冷媒(CO2 )とオイルを一様に混合しつつ不要物を除去するため、CO2 ヒートポンプシステム内のOCRを光学的手法で測定することができる。また、混合流体に対し、投光された測定する混合流体中のオイルに吸収される吸収波長を1種類、吸収されない参照波長を2種類、計3種類の波長の光を投光部5aから順次投光し、各波長毎の透過率から作成される重回帰分析による検量線に基づいてOCR算出するため、正確なOCR測定が可能となる。 That is, since unnecessary materials are removed while the refrigerant (CO 2 ) and oil are uniformly mixed using the filter member 4, the OCR in the CO 2 heat pump system can be measured by an optical method. In addition, for the mixed fluid, one type of absorption wavelength absorbed by the oil in the mixed fluid to be measured is projected, two types of reference wavelengths that are not absorbed, and a total of three types of light from the projecting unit 5a. Since the OCR is calculated on the basis of the calibration curve by the multiple regression analysis that is generated from the transmittance for each wavelength by projecting light, accurate OCR measurement is possible.

次に、本例のオイル循環率測定装置1を用いたOCR測定例について説明する。装置構成として、フィルタ部材4に筒状のエレメントを設けたオイル循環率測定装置1を用いてOCRを測定し、測定結果から検量線を作成すると、N=7、R=0.94、σ=0.02%となった。なお、ここでNは測定回数を、Rは相関係数を、σは標準偏差を表している。   Next, an example of OCR measurement using the oil circulation rate measuring apparatus 1 of this example will be described. As an apparatus configuration, when OCR is measured using an oil circulation rate measuring apparatus 1 in which a filter element 4 is provided with a cylindrical element and a calibration curve is created from the measurement results, N = 7, R = 0.94, σ = It was 0.02%. Here, N represents the number of measurements, R represents a correlation coefficient, and σ represents a standard deviation.

この測定結果と従来のオイル循環率測定装置で測定した測定結果から作成された検量線とを比較すると、本例のオイル循環率測定装置1の方が、より高精度にOCR測定が行えていた。これにより、本例のオイル循環率測定装置1は、従来のオイル循環率測定装置に比べてオイルが一様に混合されていることが実証された。   Comparing this measurement result with the calibration curve created from the measurement result measured by the conventional oil circulation rate measuring device, the oil circulation rate measuring device 1 of this example was able to perform OCR measurement with higher accuracy. . As a result, it was proved that the oil circulation rate measuring device 1 of the present example is more uniformly mixed with oil than the conventional oil circulation rate measuring device.

ところで、上述した実施形態では、混合流体中のオイルに吸収される吸収波長を1種類、参照波長を2種類、計3種類の波長の光を投光部5aから順次投光する構成として説明したが、この構成に限定されるものではない。例えば1種類の吸収波長の光のみを投光部5aから混合流体に投光する構成、1種類ずつの吸収波長と参照波長の光を投光部5aから順次混合流体に投光する構成、1種類の吸収波長の光と複数種類の参照波長の光とを投光部5aから順次混合流体に投光する構成、複数種類ずつの吸収波長と参照波長の光を投光部5aから順次混合流体に投光する構成とすることができる。   By the way, in the above-described embodiment, one type of absorption wavelength absorbed by the oil in the mixed fluid, two types of reference wavelengths, and a total of three types of wavelengths are sequentially projected from the light projecting unit 5a. However, it is not limited to this configuration. For example, a configuration in which only light of one type of absorption wavelength is projected from the light projecting unit 5a onto the mixed fluid, a configuration in which light of each type of absorption wavelength and reference wavelength is sequentially projected from the light projecting unit 5a onto the mixed fluid, A structure in which light of a plurality of types of absorption wavelengths and light of a plurality of types of reference wavelengths are sequentially projected from the light projecting unit 5a onto the mixed fluid, and a plurality of types of light having different absorption wavelengths and reference wavelengths are sequentially mixed from the light projecting unit 5a It can be set as the structure which projects on.

また、投光部5aから光を光ファイバ9を介して混合流体に投光する構成の他、光ファイバ9を用いず、投光部5aから光を投光側光学窓8aに対してコリメートして、受光側光学窓8bから受光部5bに集光する構成としても良い。   In addition to the configuration in which light is projected from the light projecting unit 5a to the mixed fluid through the optical fiber 9, the light from the light projecting unit 5a is collimated to the light projecting side optical window 8a without using the optical fiber 9. Thus, the light may be condensed from the light receiving side optical window 8b to the light receiving unit 5b.

さらに、本実施形態では、図1に示すように、ガスクーラ12と膨張弁13との間のガスクーラ12の出口にオイル循環率測定装置1を設ける構成としたが、圧縮機11とガスクーラ12との間、膨張弁13と蒸発器14との間、蒸発器14と圧縮機11との間にオイル循環率測定装置1を設ける構成としても良い。   Furthermore, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the oil circulation rate measuring device 1 is provided at the outlet of the gas cooler 12 between the gas cooler 12 and the expansion valve 13, but the compressor 11 and the gas cooler 12 The oil circulation rate measuring device 1 may be provided between the expansion valve 13 and the evaporator 14 and between the evaporator 14 and the compressor 11.

なお、OCRは質量割合であるため、同じOCRでも単位体積当たりではCO2 密度が大きい方がオイル量も多くなる。よって同じOCR変化でもCO2 密度が大きいガスクーラ出口で測定すれば、オイル変化率が大きく、それに伴う光の透過光量の変化も大きいと考えられ、より正確なOCR測定が可能なので、オイル循環率測定装置1をガスクーラ12の出口に設けるのが好ましい。 In addition, since OCR is a mass ratio, even if the OCR is the same, the amount of oil increases as the CO 2 density increases per unit volume. Therefore, even if the same OCR change is measured at the gas cooler outlet where the CO 2 density is large, the oil change rate is considered to be large and the change in the amount of transmitted light accompanying it is also large, so more accurate OCR measurement is possible. The device 1 is preferably provided at the outlet of the gas cooler 12.

以上、本願発明における最良の形態について説明したが、この形態による記述及び図面により本発明が限定されることはない。すなわち、この形態に基づいて当業者等によりなされる他の形態、実施例及び運用技術等はすべて本発明の範疇に含まれることは勿論である。   As mentioned above, although the best form in this invention was demonstrated, this invention is not limited with the description and drawing by this form. That is, it is a matter of course that all other forms, examples, operation techniques, and the like made by those skilled in the art based on this form are included in the scope of the present invention.

本発明に係るオイル循環率測定装置を含むCO2 ヒートポンプシステムの概略構成図である。1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a CO 2 heat pump system including an oil circulation rate measuring device according to the present invention. 同オイル循環率測定装置の構成図である。It is a block diagram of the oil circulation rate measuring device. 同オイル循環率測定装置のフィルタ手段の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the filter means of the oil circulation rate measuring device. 同フィルタ手段の他の構成例を説明するための概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram for demonstrating the other structural example of the filter means. 同フィルタ手段の他の構成例を説明するための概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram for demonstrating the other structural example of the filter means.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 オイル循環率測定装置
2 流路
2a 上流側流路
2b 下流側流路
3 装置本体
4 フィルタ部材
4a エレメント
5 光学的測定手段
5a 投光部
5b 受光部
5c 演算部
6 ブロック本体
7 光ファイバ固定治具
7a 投光側固定治具
7b 受光側固定治具
8 光窓部
8a 投光側光窓部
8b 受光側光窓部
9 光ファイバ
10 CO2 ヒートポンプシステム
11 圧縮機
12 ガスクーラ
13 膨張弁
14 蒸発器
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Oil circulation rate measuring device 2 Flow path 2a Upstream flow path 2b Downstream flow path 3 Apparatus main body 4 Filter member 4a Element 5 Optical measuring means 5a Light projecting part 5b Light receiving part 5c Calculation part 6 Block main body 7 Optical fiber fixing treatment Tool 7a Light emitting side fixing jig 7b Light receiving side fixing jig 8 Optical window portion 8a Light emitting side optical window portion 8b Light receiving side optical window portion 9 Optical fiber 10 CO 2 heat pump system 11 Compressor 12 Gas cooler 13 Expansion valve 14 Evaporator

Claims (3)

圧縮機、ガスクーラ、膨張弁、蒸発器の順に配管接続されるCO2 ヒートポンプシステムに用いられ、前記配管を循環する自然冷媒としてのCO2 に混入されるオイルの循環率を測定するオイル循環率測定装置であって、
前記ガスクーラからのオイルが混入した冷媒を、混合しつつ不要物を除去した混合流体として排出するフィルタ手段と、
前記混合流体を流すための流路が形成された本体を有し、前記流路の上流側に接続される前記フィルタ手段から排出される前記混合流体中のオイルに吸収される波長の光を前記流路を流れる前記混合流体に投光する投光部と、該投光部からの光の投光に伴って前記混合流体を透過した光を受光する受光部と、該受光部が受光した光の波長における透過率から作成される検量線に基づいて前記オイルの循環率を演算する演算部とを備えた光学的測定手段とを具備したことを特徴とするオイル循環率測定装置。
Oil circulation rate measurement for measuring the circulation rate of oil mixed in CO 2 as a natural refrigerant that circulates in the piping used in a CO 2 heat pump system connected in the order of a compressor, gas cooler, expansion valve, and evaporator A device,
Filter means for discharging refrigerant mixed with oil from the gas cooler as a mixed fluid from which unnecessary substances are removed while mixing,
A main body having a flow path for flowing the mixed fluid, the light having a wavelength absorbed by the oil in the mixed fluid discharged from the filter means connected to the upstream side of the flow path; A light projecting unit that projects light onto the mixed fluid flowing through the flow path, a light receiving unit that receives light transmitted through the mixed fluid in response to light projection from the light projecting unit, and light received by the light receiving unit An oil circulation rate measuring apparatus comprising: an optical measuring unit including a calculation unit that calculates the circulation rate of the oil based on a calibration curve created from transmittances at different wavelengths.
前記フィルタ手段は、前記流路の上流側に着脱可能に配管接続されるフィルタ本体の内部に、パーティクルを除去するエレメントが設けられたことを特徴とする請求項1記載のオイル循環率測定装置。 2. The oil circulation rate measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the filter means is provided with an element for removing particles inside a filter body detachably connected to the upstream side of the flow path. 前記エレメントは、表面がひだ加工されたメッシュ状のエレメント、焼結金属からなるエレメント、筒状金属網からなるエレメントの何れかで構成されることを特徴とする請求項2記載のオイル循環率測定装置。 3. The oil circulation rate measurement according to claim 2, wherein the element is formed of any one of a mesh element having a pleated surface, an element made of sintered metal, and an element made of a cylindrical metal net. apparatus.
JP2008250582A 2008-09-29 2008-09-29 Oil circulation rate measuring device Pending JP2010078292A (en)

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JPWO2021186549A1 (en) * 2020-03-17 2021-09-23
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