JP2010014354A - Combustion apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To combust vegetable combustibles, such as grain harvest wastes including chaff and agricultural wastes, to completely carbonized combustion ash efficiently in a time/labor-saving manner. <P>SOLUTION: A combustion apparatus comprises a combustion part 3 for combusting granulated vegetable combustibles 4, and a supply part 2 for continuously supplying the vegetable combustibles 4 to the combustion part 3. The combustion part 3 has a front chamber 31 into which the vegetable combustibles 4 are fed with air from the supply part 2, a combustion chamber 34 positioned over the front chamber 31, a discharge passage 36 communicating with an upper region of the combustion chamber 34, and a combustion ash accumulation chamber 37 positioned under the discharge passage 36. The front chamber 31 and the combustion chamber 34 are divided by a fire grate 33, and a communication passage 35 is defined on a side in communication with both front chamber 31 and combustion chamber 34 to form a circulation flow. The air injected into the front chamber 31 flows into the combustion chamber 34 via the communication passage 35 to subject the vegetable combustibles 4 to complete combustion in the circulation flow formed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a combustion apparatus that effectively burns plant combustibles discharged in the production process of agricultural products.

  At the production site of agricultural products and food, various wastes are generated before harvests and products are obtained. For example, in rice cultivation, brown rice is obtained through the process of threshing and rice hulling after rice harvesting, but the rice husk generated in large quantities during this process is very bulky and is not suitable for storage and storage. It was not established and was collected and burned outdoors, or incinerated with general waste.

  Conventionally, rice husks are sometimes used as a soil conditioner, such as burning and carbonizing them, and laying them on the bottom of a nursery box as firewood charcoal. However, making charcoal is a time-consuming work, so in practice it is often simply incinerated, and even if the rice husk is directly put into a field and used as a fertilizer, it is not easily corroded and effective. There was no use.

  In view of the actual situation, the applicant is required to use natural resources without waste, so that such resources that are discharged in large quantities during the production process of agricultural products and become waste can be used effectively. We have created a device that can be burned and carbonized, and that the heat generated during the combustion process can be used simultaneously. The waste discharged in the production process of agricultural products is not limited to rice husks, but any problem is that the combustion efficiency is relatively poor and the combustion condition tends to vary.

Conventionally, as for an apparatus for performing such a combustion treatment, for example, Patent Document 1 describes a combustion furnace provided with a combustion chamber for burning waste wood. This type of combustion furnace is provided with a cylindrical combustion chamber, an exhaust tower for exhausting exhaust gas from the combustion chamber, and an opening for injecting combustibles. Is greatly provided. In addition, a stand for a worker to stand up is provided so that the operation of charging the burned material is easy.
JP 2002-195529 A

  In the case of the conventional combustion furnace as described above, while burning the combustion product, the worker must wait beside the combustion furnace and frequently throw in the combustion product or check the combustion condition. The combustion furnace could not be left until the combustion operation was completed. Further, in the case of the fine granular combustion product such as the above-described rice husks, in the form of sequentially charging into the combustion chamber from above, new rice husks are deposited on the burning rice husk and the lower part of the combustion chamber Then, there is a concern that the rice husks become a lump and cannot burn well. As described above, harvested and harvested cereals such as rice husks are inefficient and time consuming to burn and dispose of or use incinerated ash. It was easy to complete burnout and was difficult to implement. Moreover, there was no way to effectively use the heat generated when burning rice husks and the like.

  Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and efficiently burns plant combustibles such as grain harvest waste such as rice husks and agricultural waste without taking time and effort. Providing equipment for effectively using plant combustibles as a new resource so that burned ash that is completely carbonized can be obtained, and at the same time, heat generated by combustion can be used effectively It is.

  In order to achieve the above-described object, a combustion apparatus according to the present invention includes a combustion unit that burns granular plant combustibles, and a supply unit that continuously supplies plant combustibles to the combustion unit, The combustion section includes a front chamber in which the plant combustible is sent together with air from the supply section, a combustion chamber disposed in the upper portion of the front chamber, a discharge path communicated with the upper portion of the combustion chamber, and a discharge path A combustion ash accumulation chamber disposed below the front chamber and the combustion chamber, the front chamber and the combustion chamber being partitioned by a grate on which an ignition material can be placed. A communication passage that forms a circulating flow in communication with both the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber is provided, and air blown into the front chamber flows into the combustion chamber through the communication passage, and the front chamber, the communication passage, and the combustion chamber The plant combustibles are configured to burn completely in the circulating flow

  Further, in the combustion apparatus according to the present invention, the supply unit includes a blower, and a supply pipe that forcibly feeds air from the blower into the front chamber and sends out plant combustibles into the front chamber is connected. The leading end of the supply pipe is arranged in the front chamber toward the communication port with the communication path.

  Further, in the combustion apparatus according to the present invention, the combustion chamber is formed to have a combustion space that is long in the height direction, and the communication path is connected to the lower side surface of the combustion space, and the upper side surface And a discharge port communicating with the discharge path.

  Further, in the combustion apparatus according to the present invention, the supply unit includes a cylindrical supply container into which a plant combustible material is charged, and a rotating plate that forms a bottom part of the supply container and rotates along the bottom of the container. In addition, the bottom side of the supply container is provided with a delivery port for sending out the plant flammable material that is fed in a certain amount, and the rotating plate has a substantially conical or substantially frustoconical raised portion disposed inside the supply container. The plant combustible is discharged from the feed outlet to the outside of the supply container through the space between the bottom of the raised part and the inner surface of the supply container while rotating the rotating plate, and sent to the combustion part. Features.

  Further, in the combustion apparatus according to the present invention, the supply unit is provided with a supply guide path that is connected to the delivery port and sends the plant combustible material to the reception port of the supply pipe at an outer peripheral part of the supply container. It is characterized by.

  According to the present invention, plant combustibles such as grain harvest waste such as rice husks and agricultural waste are efficiently burned without taking time and effort so as to obtain completely carbonized combustion ash. At the same time, the heat generated by the combustion can be used effectively, and the plant combustible can be effectively used as a new resource.

  According to the combustion apparatus of the present invention configured as described above, plant combustibles such as grain harvest waste such as rice husk and agricultural waste can be efficiently burned without cost, labor, and time. It is possible to obtain completely carbonized combustion ash, and at the same time, the heat generated by the combustion can be effectively used, and the plant combustible can be effectively used as a new resource.

  Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out a combustion apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  1 to 8 show an embodiment of a combustion apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the combustion apparatus, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a supply unit in the combustion apparatus, and FIG. It is a top view. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the combustion section in the combustion apparatus, FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the combustion section, FIG. 6 is a side view of the combustion section, FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. It is an exploded view which shows an example of the front chamber of a part.

  The combustion apparatus 1 of the present invention burns plant combustibles to obtain combustion ash, or uses waste heat generated in the combustion process as a heat source. The combustion device 1 includes a combustion unit 3 that combusts the plant combustible material 4 and a supply unit 2 that continuously supplies the plant combustible material 4 to the combustion unit 3.

  The most suitable plant combustible material 4 used for combustion is rice husks obtained in large quantities in the process of harvesting rice. In addition to harvested waste such as rice husks, for example, sawdust, rice scum, wood pellet trees and agricultural products Agricultural waste such as crushed material such as leather can be used, and any plant combustible material may be used as long as it is granular.

  The supply unit 2 that supplies the plant combustible material 4 to the combustion unit 3 at the stage before combustion is provided with a cylindrical supply container 21. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the supply container 21 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and four leg portions 22 extend from the side surface and are erected. A bolt-shaped shaft portion 221 is coaxially provided on the upper portion of the leg portion 22, and is inserted into a fixing hole (not shown) of the fixing plate 21 a of the supply container 21. The fixing plate 21a is fastened to the shaft portion 221 with nuts from the upper and lower sides. The installation height of the supply container 21 can be adjusted by adjusting the nut fastening position in the axial direction.

  The bottom part of the supply container 21 is provided with a separate rotating plate 23 along the bottom side to form a container bottom part. The supply container 21 is filled with the plant combustible material 4 as needed. The upper part of the supply container 21 is opened, and can be closed using an appropriate lid member as necessary.

  The rotating plate 23 provided at the bottom of the supply container 21 is configured to rotate along the bottom side of the supply container 21. That is, in the illustrated example, as shown in the figure, a motor 24 is provided in the lower space of the supply container 21 that is erected and supported, and a rotating plate 23 is connected to the motor 24 so that it can be driven to rotate. And is supported in contact with the bottom of the supply container 21.

  As a result, while the supply container 21 supported upright is stably supported and fixed to the leg portion 22, only the rotating plate 23 at the bottom portion is rotated by the motor 24 in a predetermined direction at a predetermined rotational speed. In addition, a part of the bottom surface of the supply container 21 is formed as an opening to serve as a delivery port 25 so that the plant combustible material 4 can be discharged by a certain amount.

  Further, the rotating plate 23 is provided with a raised portion 26 erected in the direction inside the supply container 21. The raised portion 26 is integrally provided on the upper surface of the rotating plate 23 so as to form a substantially conical shape or a substantially truncated cone shape in the supply container 21.

  As a result, the plant combustible material 4 in the supply container 21 is rotated and stirred while the rotating plate 23 is rotated by the motor 24, and is sequentially sent downward along the raised portion 26. The plant combustibles 4 are sequentially fed in the direction toward the delivery port 25 through the space between the inclined surface 261 of the raised portion 26 and the inner side surface of the supply container 21, and discharged from the delivery port 25 to the outside of the supply container 21. The

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, on the outside of the supply container 21, a supply pipe 27 that sends the plant combustible material 4 to the combustion unit 3 and a receiving port 271 of the supply pipe 27 are disposed. In addition, a supply guide path 28 for guiding the plant combustible material 4 to the receiving port 271 of the supply pipe 27 is connected to the outer periphery of the supply container 21 outside the delivery port 25 on the side surface of the supply container 21. Is provided. An appropriate piping material can be used for the supply pipe 27, and a flexible pipe is preferably used.

  The supply guide path 28 is provided with the guide plates 281 and 281 facing the receiving port 271, so that the plant combustible material 4 discharged from the sending port 25 is sent by the rotating rotating plate 23 while receiving the receiving port 271. It is formed to be guided to. In the illustrated embodiment, the guide plates 281 and 281 are disposed to face the outer peripheral surface of the supply container 21 in the tangential direction. The receiving port 271 is a funnel-shaped container having an open top, and the downstream end is connected to the supply pipe 27.

  Thereby, in this supply part 2, while driving the motor 24 and rotating the rotating plate 23 at the bottom part of the supply container 21, the plant combustibles 4 in the supply container 21 are sequentially discharged from the outlet 25, It can be sent to the combustion section 3 by the supply pipe 27. At this time, since the raised portion 26 is provided in the supply container 21, the plant combustible material 4 can be continuously sent out without becoming a lump or staying.

  Further, the rotating plate 23 may be closely disposed at the bottom of the supply container 21, but if necessary, the installation height of the supply container 21 may be finely adjusted to provide the supply container 21 and the rotating plate 23. You may make it provide a clearance gap between. In this case, the height of the supply container 21 is adjusted by adjusting the nut fastening position of the shaft portion 221 in the vertical direction. Then, the plant combustible material 4 can be discharged also from the gap between the supply container 21 and the rotating plate 23, and the delivery amount can be determined regardless of the size of the opening of the delivery port 25.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the guide plate 281 of the supply guide path 28 is disposed so that the guide plate 281 disposed outside covers the outer peripheral portion of the supply container 21 in the tangential direction. For this reason, even if the plant combustible material 4 is discharged from a place other than the delivery port 25, coupled with the rotating action of the rotating plate 23, the guide plate 281 collects the plant combustible material 4 on the rotating plate 23, and smoothly It is possible to guide to the receiving port 271.

  Moreover, in the example supply part 2, the air blower 29 is provided in the supply path of the vegetable combustible material 4, and the vegetable combustible material 4 is sent into the combustion part 3 with the air by this air blower 29. FIG. The blower 29 is disposed at the base end portion (the downstream end portion of the receiving port 271) of the supply pipe 27, and can blow out air to the supply pipe 27. The blower 29 may be anything as long as it sends the plant combustible material 4 to the combustion unit 3 together with air, and various blowers and compressors that enable air transportation are also possible.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, the combustion unit 3 includes a front chamber 31 into which the plant combustible material 4 is first fed, a combustion chamber 34 disposed above the front chamber 31, and combustion. The exhaust passage 36 communicates with the upper portion of the chamber 34, and the combustion ash accumulation chamber 37 disposed below the exhaust passage 36.

  The front chamber 31 is framed in a rectangular shape in plan view, and a connection pipe 32 that can be connected to the supply pipe 27 from the supply unit 2 is inserted through the outer surface. The connection pipe 32 is preferably formed with an appropriate tube diameter, and the tip portion is preferably inserted into the depth direction in the front chamber 31 to about 1/4 to 1/2. In the illustrated form, the distal end portion of the connection pipe 32 is inserted by about ¼ of the width of the front chamber 31. Thereby, when the supply pipe 27 is connected to the connection pipe 32, the plant combustible material 4 is forcibly sent into the front chamber 31 together with the air from the blower 29.

  A refractory material such as a refractory brick is laid on the bottom surface of the front chamber 31 so that it can cope with the temperature rise in the combustion section 3. As shown in FIGS. 4, 5, and 7, the upper surface of the front chamber 31 is horizontally provided with a grate (rooster) 33 in which a number of long holes are formed. An ignition material for burning the plant combustible material 4 can be placed on the grate 33. The front chamber 31 is partitioned by the grate 33, and a combustion chamber 34 is provided above the front chamber 31.

  The combustion chamber 34 is provided on the upper portion of the front chamber 31 so as to extend and has a combustion space that is long in the height direction. In the combustion chamber 34, the plant combustible material 4 sent into the front chamber 31 flows in and burns. On the lower side surface in contact with the outside of the combustion chamber 34, an ignition port 341 for introducing an ignition material into the grate 33 is provided. In addition, on both sides of the combustion chamber 34 and the front chamber 31 in the combustion section 3, communication passages 35 are provided that communicate with both the front chamber 31 and the combustion chamber 34 to form a circulation flow.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the communication path 35 is a flow path provided in the height direction across the combustion chamber 34 and the front chamber 31, and the communication port 351 is formed on the side surface of the combustion chamber 34 and the front chamber 31. , 351 are connected to each other. In the communication passage 35, the air jetted into the front chamber 31 rises through the communication passage 35 and flows into the combustion chamber 34, and a circulating flow that circulates to the front chamber 31, the communication passage 35, and the combustion chamber 34. Acts to form. The distal end portion of the connection pipe 32 (the distal end portion of the supply pipe 27) is disposed toward the lower communication port 351 of the communication path 35 and is located substantially coaxially. Thereby, the air blown into the front chamber 31 is formed so as to easily flow into the communication path 35.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 8, in consideration of maintainability, the front chamber 31 is formed separately from the combustion unit 3 and is detachably provided by being fitted into the lower portion of the combustion chamber 34. It may be. In this case, the front chamber 31 is configured to be disassembled by a peripheral wall 312 having a through hole 311 and a lower communication port 351, a connection pipe 32, and a grate 33 having legs 331. preferable. The grate 33 is provided with a number of long holes 332.

  A discharge port 361 communicating with the discharge path 36 is provided on the inner surface of the upper end portion of the combustion chamber 34. Thereby, the plant combustible material 4 is combusted in the circulation flow formed in the combustion chamber 34, and the combustion ash 5 completely burned rises up the combustion chamber 34 and is discharged from the discharge port 361. Has been.

  As shown in FIG. 5, in the combustion unit 3, the combustion chamber 34 and the combustion ash accumulation chamber 37 are formed adjacent to each other, and a discharge port is provided between the upper end of the combustion chamber 34 and the combustion ash accumulation chamber 37. 361 and the discharge path 36 are interposed. The discharge path 36 is formed by arranging a partition plate so as to partition the periphery of the discharge port 361 and the combustion ash accumulation chamber 37. As a result, the combustion ash 5 discharged from the discharge port 361 is guided downward along the discharge path 36, falls down as it is, and is collected in the combustion ash accumulation chamber 37. The collected combustion ash 5 is accumulated in the combustion ash accumulation chamber 37 and can be taken out as necessary.

  Further, a heat exchanger (not shown) can be provided at the upper part or the side part of the combustion chamber 34. Thereby, for example, hot water can be effectively obtained by a water supply pipe and a hot water storage tank that circulate in the heat exchanger, and a combustion kettle can be provided and used as a kettle due to residual heat.

  In the combustion apparatus 1 configured as described above, for example, the rice husk (plant combustible material) 4 that is sequentially supplied from the supply unit 2 to the front chamber 31 is ignited with an ignition material such as used paper that has been lit. It is ignited by throwing it into the crater 341 or using a direct ignition burner or the like. After ignition, the ignition port 341 is closed.

  In the front chamber 31 and the combustion chamber 34, the rice husk 4 is burned in a circulating flow by blowing air from the supply pipe 27. Most of the ejected air enters the communication path 35, rises along the inner wall surface of the communication path 35, and flows into the combustion chamber 34 through the upper communication port 351. Part of the ejected air collides with the inner wall of the front chamber 31 and flows into the combustion chamber 34 through the grate 33.

  In the combustion chamber 34, air convects while hitting the rice husk 4 so that the rice husk 4 burns efficiently. That is, the combustible material in a granular form such as the rice husk 4 tends to be agglomerated and difficult to burn uniformly, but the rice husk 4 is not agglomerated by the air sent from the supply pipe 27 and is separated. And enters the combustion chamber 34. Thus, a large amount of rice husk 4 can be easily burned inside the combustion chamber 34. In addition, the incoming air is dispersed in a wide range from the front chamber 31 to the combustion chamber 34, so that the combustion efficiency of the rice husk 4 is further increased.

  The rice husk 4 burns to become combustion ash 5. Only the combustion ash 5 whose weight has become extremely small as a result of complete combustion is pushed upward on the upward flow and guided to the upper outlet 361. Therefore, the operation required for the combustion of the rice husk 4 is only to put the rice husk 4 into the supply container 21 and ignite once from the ignition port 341. All the rice husks 4 that are inputted are burned continuously and automatically efficiently. Thus, the combustion ash 5 can be obtained. In addition, since fresh air is always supplied to the combustion chamber 34, the combustion ash 5 and unburned matter of the plant combustible material 4 adhere to the grate 33 or burn from the grate 33 with combustion. It is possible to ensure high combustion efficiency without impeding the fall of the ash 5 or the distribution of the plant combustible material 4. As a result, the workability is very good, and it is possible to easily burn the plant combustible material 4 without much trouble.

  In addition, in this invention, the structure and structure of each part are not limited to said form, It can implement in another various form. For this reason, the above-described embodiment is merely an example in all respects and should not be interpreted in a limited manner.

  The dimension of the main part in the combustion apparatus 1 which concerns on this embodiment is as follows.

In the supply unit 2, the supply container 21 is a cylindrical body having a diameter of 400 mm, and is a steel pipe formed with a height of 800 mm. As the motor 24, a fan having an output of 0.1 kW with a rotation speed of 3400 rpm, a maximum air volume of 6.0 m ³ / mim, and a maximum static pressure of 85 mmAq can be used.

  Moreover, in the combustion part 3, the front chamber 31 and the combustion chamber 34 are formed by the planar rectangle of 250 mm x 250 mm. Among them, the front chamber 31 has a height of 100 mm, and the combustion chamber 34 has a height of 1200 mm. The communication passage 35 excreted across the front chamber 31 and the combustion chamber 34 has a planar shape of 50 mm × 50 mm and is formed with a height of 415 mm. A separation distance of 350 mm is provided between the upper and lower communication ports 351. Each communication port 351 has a width and height of 65 mm.

  The discharge port 361 is provided in the upper part of the combustion chamber 34 with a width of 200 mm and a height of 100 mm. The combustion ash accumulation chamber 37 is formed with a sufficient size with a planar shape of 600 mm × 400 mm and a height of 1300 mm.

  The supply pipe 27 and the connection pipe 32 preferably have an inner diameter of 40 to 43 mm. The front end of the connection pipe 32 is inserted into the front chamber 31 in the depth direction by 60 mm. The grate 33 is provided in accordance with the size of the front chamber 31.

  As the plant combustible material 4, rice husk is combusted by the combustion device 1, and the obtained combustion ash has a high polazone activity and contains a large amount of silica. For this reason, combustion ash is not only used for agriculture as in the past, but can be used as a high-strength admixture by mixing with cement, mortar, etc. There are various usage methods.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used to effectively use a granular plant combustible made of harvested waste, agricultural waste, or the like as a new resource.

It is sectional drawing which showed typically one Embodiment of the combustion apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view of the supply part in the said combustion apparatus. It is a top view of the supply part in the said combustion apparatus. It is sectional drawing of the combustion part in the said combustion apparatus. It is a perspective view of the combustion part in the said combustion apparatus. It is a side view of the combustion part in the said combustion apparatus. It is AA sectional drawing in FIG. It is an exploded view which shows an example of the front chamber of the said combustion part.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Combustion apparatus 2 Supply part 21 Supply container 22 Leg part 23 Rotating plate 24 Motor 25 Outlet 26 Raising part 27 Supply pipe 271 Receptacle 28 Supply guide path 281 Guide plate 29 Blower 3 Combustion part 31 Front chamber 32 Connection pipe 33 Grate 34 Combustion chamber 341 Ignition port 35 Communication passage 351 Communication port 36 Discharge passage 361 Discharge port 37 Combustion ash accumulation chamber 4 Plant combustibles (rice husk)
5 Combustion ash

Claims (5)

A combustion apparatus comprising a combustion section for burning a granular plant combustible, and a supply section for continuously supplying the plant combustible to the combustion section,
The combustion section includes a front chamber into which plant combustibles are fed together with air from the supply section, a combustion chamber disposed in an upper portion of the front chamber, a discharge passage communicated with the upper portion of the combustion chamber, and a discharge A combustion ash accumulation chamber disposed below the path,
The front chamber and the combustion chamber are partitioned by a grate on which an ignition material can be placed, and a communication passage is formed on both sides of the front chamber and the combustion chamber so as to communicate with both the front chamber and the combustion chamber. Is provided, and air blown into the front chamber flows into the combustion chamber via the communication passage, and the plant combustibles are completely burned in the circulating flow circulating in the front chamber, the communication passage and the combustion chamber. A combustion apparatus configured as described above. The combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
The supply unit includes a blower, and a supply pipe for forcibly sending air from the blower to the front chamber and a plant combustible material is connected to the front chamber, and the tip of the supply pipe is connected to the front chamber. A combustion apparatus, wherein the combustion apparatus is disposed toward a communication port with the communication path. The combustion apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
The combustion chamber has a combustion space that is long in the height direction, and the communication passage is connected to a lower side surface of the combustion space, and an exhaust port communicating with the discharge path is formed on an upper side surface. A combustion apparatus characterized by being provided. The combustion apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The supply unit includes a cylindrical supply container into which a plant combustible material is charged, and a rotating plate that forms the bottom of the supply container and rotates along the bottom of the container. In addition, there is provided a delivery port for sending out a certain amount of the plant combustible material, and a rotating plate is provided with a raised portion of a substantially conical shape or a substantially truncated cone shape arranged inside the supply container,
A combustion apparatus characterized in that a plant combustible is discharged from a feed outlet to the outside of a supply container through a space between a bottom part of a raised part and an inner surface of a supply container while rotating a rotating plate, and sent to a combustion part. The combustion apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
The combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the supply unit is provided with a supply guide path that is connected to the delivery port and sends a plant combustible to the reception port of the supply pipe at an outer peripheral part of the supply container.

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