JP2009542576A - (nh2(r2))および/または水素の製造方法 - Google Patents
(nh2(r2))および/または水素の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 52
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 52
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 49
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- SIAPCJWMELPYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium hydride Chemical compound [LiH] SIAPCJWMELPYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 101100219382 Caenorhabditis elegans cah-2 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 72
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910000103 lithium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000002216 synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001157 Fourier transform infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001897 boron-11 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012926 crystallographic analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-VVKOMZTBSA-N Dideuterium Chemical compound [2H][2H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-VVKOMZTBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 1
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940030980 inova Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013335 mesoporous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001683 neutron diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001383 neutron diffraction data Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000371 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/065—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents from a hydride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B6/00—Hydrides of metals including fully or partially hydrided metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds ; Compounds containing at least one metal-hydrogen bond, e.g. (GeH3)2S, SiH GeH; Monoborane or diborane; Addition complexes thereof
- C01B6/06—Hydrides of aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth or polonium; Monoborane; Diborane; Addition complexes thereof
- C01B6/10—Monoborane; Diborane; Addition complexes thereof
- C01B6/13—Addition complexes of monoborane or diborane, e.g. with phosphine, arsine or hydrazine
- C01B6/15—Metal borohydrides; Addition complexes thereof
- C01B6/19—Preparation from other compounds of boron
- C01B6/21—Preparation of borohydrides of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, magnesium or beryllium; Addition complexes thereof, e.g. LiBH4.2N2H4, NaB2H7
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/003—Storage or handling of ammonia
- C01C1/006—Storage or handling of ammonia making use of solid ammonia storage materials, e.g. complex ammine salts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
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- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
ここでM1は1つまたは複数のLi、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、La、Al、GaおよびScを含み、
0<n≦4、
R2は−H、アルキルおよび芳香族置換基を含み、
xおよびyは電気的中性を維持するように選択される、製造方法を提供する。
M1は1つまたは複数のLi、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、La、Al、GaおよびScを含み、
0<n≦4;
R2は−H、アルキルおよび芳香族置換基を含み、
xおよびyは電気的中性を維持するように選択される、方法が提供される。
M1 x(BH4)y(s)+過剰のNH3(g)
→室温→M1 x(BH4)y(NH2(R2))n(s)
M1 x(BH4)y(s)+過剰のNH3(l)
→−68℃/アルゴン→M1 x(BH4)y(NH2(R2))n(s)
LiBN3H10の分解は以下のようになるだろう。
Li4BN3H10⇔Li3BN2+0.5Li2NH+0.5NH3+4H2
あるいは、下記の反応が起こるかもしれない:
Li4BN3H10+0.5LiBH4⇔1.5Li3BN2+6H2
これらの反応はともに275〜350℃の間で起こり、その結果水素を放出すると思われる。
a)LiBH4(NH3)'4'+3LiH
⇔50℃⇔Li4BN3H10+NH3+3H2
b)LiBH4(NH3)'4'+5LiH
⇔50℃⇔Li4BN3H10+2LiH+NH3+3H2
⇔200℃⇔Li4BN3H10+Li2NH+2H2
⇔270〜350℃⇔Li3BN2+1.5Li2NH+0.5NH3+4H2
LiBH4(NH3)4+熱(54C)⇔LiBH4(s)+4NH3(g)
4NH3+8LiH⇔4Li2NH+8H2
金属水素化物を含む貯蔵手段と、
一般式M1 x(BH4)y(NH2(R2))nで表される化合物を含む収容手段と、
金属水素化物が一般式M1 x(BH4)y(NH2(R2))nの化合物と接触する手段と、を備え、
M1は1つまたは複数のLi、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、La、Al、GaおよびScを含み、
0<n≦4、
R2は−H、アルキルおよび芳香族置換基を含み、
xおよびyは電気的中性を維持するように選択される。
金属水素化物を含む貯蔵手段と、
一般式M1 x(BH4)y(NH2(R2))nで表される化合物を含む収容手段と、
前記化合物を加熱しNH2(R2)を製造する手段と、
製造されたNH2(R2)が金属水素化物と接触する手段と、を備え、
M1は1つまたは複数のLi、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、La、Al、GaおよびScを含み、
0<n≦4、
R2は−H、アルキルおよび芳香族置換基を含み、
xおよびyは電気的中性を維持するように選択される。
一般式M1 x(BH4)y(NH2(R2))nで表される化合物の収容手段と、
前記化合物を加熱しNH2(R2)を製造する手段と、
エネルギーを前記NH2(R2)から移す手段と、
前記製造されたNH2(R2)をリサイクルして前記出発化合物を再形成する手段と、を備え、
M1は1つまたは複数のLi、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、La、Al、GaおよびScを含み、
0<n≦4、
R2は−H、アルキルおよび芳香族置換基を含み、
xおよびyは電気的中性を維持するように選択される。
LiBH4(NH3)nを複数の経路で合成することができる。
例えば、過剰のガス状アンモニアを不活性(アルゴンガス)環境中、室温で乾燥LiBH4上に流すことができる(反応式1参照)。
<反応式1>
LiBH4(s)+過剰のNH3(g)→室温→LiBH4(NH3)n(s)
<反応式2>
LiBH4(s)+過剰のNH3(l)
→−68℃/アルゴン→LiBH4(NH3)n(s)
LiBH4(NH3)nを複数の方法、例えば、中性子回折、シンクロトロンX線回折、フーリエ変換赤外(FTIR)分光法およびマジック角回転(MAS)核磁気共鳴(NMR)分光法によって特性解析することができる。
<合成>
反応(1)から得られた縮合相の試料(S1)からのX線回折データを図1に示す。ここで新しい相(相A)、組成LiBH4(NH3)4、は少量の未反応のLiBH4と共に同定される。相Aの結晶学的解析および指標付けはTOPASプログラムを用いて行われ、格子定数a=9.62Å、b=13.7504Åおよびc=4.442Åを有する空間群Pmmm中で斜方晶系相であることが明らかとなった。
フーリエ変換赤外(FTIR)スペクトルは、液体窒素冷却MCTB検出器を備えたNicolet Magna FTIRを用いて、相AおよびBのKBr錠試料から分解能2cm-1で得られた。アンモニア吸着前のLiBH4のFTIRスペクトルは、BH2変角振動に対応する1126cm-1のピーク、およびB−Ht(末端)伸縮振動に対応する2225cm-1、2238cm-1、2291cm-1および2386cm-1のピークを示した(図3a)。アンモニア吸着後のLiBH4のスペクトル(図3b)は、BH2変角振動が2つのピークに分裂して1122cm-1と1131cm-1に生じ、3つのB−Ht伸縮振動が2218cm-1、2311cm-1、2386cm-1に、LiBH4の2238cm-1の吸収が2233cm-1および2275cm-1の2つのピークに分裂して生じることを示し、このことはアンモニア種の配位によるものと思われる。新たな1197cm-1および3600〜3200cm-1領域のピークは吸着されたアンモニアのN−H振動に帰属される。
固体11B NMRスペクトルは400MHz Varian Inova分光計により測定された。試料を3.2mm o.d.のローターにつめ、マジック角で10〜15KHzの速度で回転した。0.4〜1.4μsのパルス幅でデータを得た。未処理のLiBH4のプロトンデカップル固体11B NMRスペクトルは約−41.0ppmに単一中心遷移を与えるが、それはアンモニア吸着後(図4)は−40.4ppmに認められるので、ホウ素とアンモニア間に結合が形成されていないことを意味する。
<温度走査アンモニア脱着>
2KごとにシンクロトロンX線回折データを取りながら、試料S2を室温(295K)から325Kまで加熱した。このデータを図5に示す。図6は相A(組成式LiBH4(NH3)4)の230および301の回折ピークを強調したこれらのデータの拡大である。これらのデータから相Aはほぼ317Kで分解し、319Kで完全に分解していることが明らかである。これは下記反応式;
LiBH4(NH3)4(s)→319K→LiBH4(s)+4NH3(g)
による相Aからのアンモニアの消失と一致し、したがってアンモニア脱離温度319K(46℃)に相応する。
LiBH4(NH3)2(s)→327K→LiBH4(s)+2NH3(g)
による相Bからのアンモニアの消失と一致する。327Kを超えてS2の加熱を続けるとキャピラリーが破裂した。
<低温での水素製造>
約50℃でのLiBH4(NH3)4からの水素製造の証拠。
LiBH4とガス状アンモニアの反応(1)により製造された相A(LiBH4(NH3)4)を水素化リチウムと十分に混合し、アルゴン雰囲気下、50℃、100℃、150℃および200℃で加熱した。各温度におけるシンクロトロンX線回折研究により下記の反応;
LiBH4(NH3)'4'+4LiH
→Li4BN3H10+0.5LiNH2+0.5LiH+0.5NH3+.5H2
が起こり、重量水素密度が5.76wt%であることが示される。
LiBH4(NH3)'4'+5LiH→Li4BN3H10+Li2NH+4H2
この場合、理論上最大の重量水素密度は6.2wt%であり、
LiBH4(NH3)'4'+3LiH→Li4BN3H10+NH3+3H2
この場合、理論上最大の重量水素密度は5.3wt%である。
Claims (21)
- 金属水素化物を一般式M1 x(BH4)y(NH2(R2))nで表される化合物と反応させることを含むNH2(R2)の製造方法であって、
ここでM1は1つまたは複数のLi、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、La、Al、GaおよびScを含み、
0<n≦4、
R2は−H、アルキルおよび芳香族置換基を含み、
xおよびyは電気的中性を維持するように選択される、製造方法。 - 金属水素化物を一般式M1 x(BH4)y(NH2(R2))nで表される化合物と反応させることを含む水素の製造方法であって、
ここでM1は1つまたは複数のLi、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、La、Al、GaおよびScを含み、
0<n≦4、
R2は−H、アルキルおよび芳香族置換基を含み、
xおよびyは電気的中性を維持するように選択される、製造方法。 - 金属水素化物が1つまたは複数のLiH、NaH、KH、RbH、CsH、BeH2、MgH2、CaH2、SrH2、BaH2、ScH3、AlH3、GaH3、InH3、SnH4、SbH5、およびPbH4、BiH3を含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 金属水素化物がLiHを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 金属水素化物が1つまたは複数の第一遷移元素(Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn)、第二遷移金属(Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Tc、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Cd)および第三遷移元素(La、Hf、Ta、W、Re、Os、Ir、Pt、Au、Hg)の水素化物を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- R2が水素である、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- M1がLiである、請求項1〜6のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 反応が0から400℃の温度範囲で行われる、請求項1〜7のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 反応が275から350℃の温度範囲で行われる、請求項1〜8のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 一般式M1 x(BH4)y(NH2(R2))nで表される化合物を−20から150℃の温度にて加熱することを含むNH2(R2)の製造方法であって、
M1は1つまたは複数のLi、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、La、Al、GaおよびScを含み、
0<n≦4;
R2は−H、アルキルおよび芳香族置換基を含み、
xおよびyは電気的中性を維持するように選択される、方法。 - 前記化合物を40から60℃の温度で加熱する、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 請求項1または3〜11のいずれか一つに記載の方法を用いて製造された前記NH2(R2)の金属水素化物を反応させることを含む、水素の製造方法。
- 金属水素化物が1つまたは複数のLiH、NaH、KH、RbH、CsH、BeH2、MgH2、CaH2、SrH2、BaH2、ScH3、AlH3、GaH3、InH3、SnH4、SbH5、およびPbH4、BiH3を含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 金属水素化物がLiHを含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 金属水素化物が1つまたは複数の第一遷移元素(Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn)、第二遷移金属(Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Tc、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Cd)および第三遷移元素(La、Hf、Ta、W、Re、Os、Ir、Pt、Au、Hg)の水素化物を含む、請求項12〜14のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 燃料電池中で行われる、請求項1〜15のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 水素の製造装置であって、
金属水素化物を含む貯蔵手段と、
一般式M1 x(BH4)y(NH2(R2))nで表される化合物を含む収容手段と、
金属水素化物が一般式M1 x(BH4)y(NH2(R2))nの化合物と接触する手段と、を備え、
M1は1つまたは複数のLi、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、La、Al、GaおよびScを含み、
0<n≦4、
R2は−H、アルキルおよび芳香族置換基を含み、
xおよびyは電気的中性を維持するように選択される、製造装置。 - さらに燃料電池、および製造された水素を燃料電池に移す手段を備える、請求項17に記載の装置。
- 水素の製造装置であって、
金属水素化物を含む貯蔵手段と、
一般式M1 x(BH4)y(NH2(R2))nで表される化合物を含む収容手段と、
前記化合物を加熱しNH2(R2)を製造する手段と、
製造されたNH2(R2)が金属水素化物と接触する手段と、を備え、
M1は1つまたは複数のLi、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、La、Al、GaおよびScを含み、
0<n≦4、
R2は−H、アルキルおよび芳香族置換基を含み、
xおよびyは電気的中性を維持するように選択される、製造装置。 - さらに燃料電池、および製造された水素を燃料電池に移す手段を備える、請求項19に記載の装置。
- 断熱熱ポンプであって、一般式M1 x(BH4)y(NH2(R2))nで表される化合物の収容手段と、
前記化合物を加熱しNH2(R2)を製造する手段と、
エネルギーを前記NH2(R2)から移す手段と、
前記製造されたNH2(R2)をリサイクルして前記出発化合物を再形成する手段と、を備え、
M1は1つまたは複数のLi、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、La、Al、GaおよびScを含み、
0<n≦4、
R2は−H、アルキルおよび芳香族置換基を含み、
xおよびyは電気的中性を維持するように選択される、断熱熱ポンプ。
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