JP2009536780A - セラミック発熱体 - Google Patents
セラミック発熱体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2009536780A JP2009536780A JP2009509853A JP2009509853A JP2009536780A JP 2009536780 A JP2009536780 A JP 2009536780A JP 2009509853 A JP2009509853 A JP 2009509853A JP 2009509853 A JP2009509853 A JP 2009509853A JP 2009536780 A JP2009536780 A JP 2009536780A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- conductive
- ceramic
- conductive zones
- zones
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 238
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910016006 MoSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910021343 molybdenum disilicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQJQOUPTWCFRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disilicide Chemical compound [Si]#[W]#[Si] WQJQOUPTWCFRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 2
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRIAEXORFWYRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylbenzyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 IRIAEXORFWYRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002565 Polyethylene Glycol 400 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910003564 SiAlON Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006487 butyl benzyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007765 extrusion coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021344 molybdenum silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012812 sealant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 titanium nitride Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
- F23Q7/22—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/04—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by using centrifugal force, e.g. spinning through radial orifices; Construction of the spinner cups therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
- F27D99/0006—Electric heating elements or system
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/14—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material
- H01B1/18—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/018—Heaters using heating elements comprising mosi2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/027—Heaters specially adapted for glow plug igniters
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US79921806P | 2006-05-09 | 2006-05-09 | |
| PCT/US2007/011296 WO2007133629A2 (en) | 2006-05-09 | 2007-05-09 | Ceramic heating elements |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2009536780A true JP2009536780A (ja) | 2009-10-15 |
| JP2009536780A5 JP2009536780A5 (enExample) | 2010-06-17 |
Family
ID=38694476
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009509853A Pending JP2009536780A (ja) | 2006-05-09 | 2007-05-09 | セラミック発熱体 |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070295709A1 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP2033490A2 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2009536780A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR20090007762A (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN101513116A (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0709786A2 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2651090A1 (enExample) |
| MX (1) | MX2008014354A (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2007133629A2 (enExample) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011508950A (ja) * | 2007-12-29 | 2011-03-17 | サン−ゴバン セラミックス アンド プラスティクス,インコーポレイティド | セラミック加熱素子 |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008127467A2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2008-10-23 | State Of Franklin Innovation, Llc | Ceramic-encased hot surface igniter system for jet engines |
| EP2198201A2 (en) * | 2007-09-23 | 2010-06-23 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Heating element systems |
| CA2711131A1 (en) * | 2007-12-29 | 2009-07-09 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Ceramic heating elements having open-face structure and methods of fabrication thereof |
| US20090175770A1 (en) * | 2008-01-07 | 2009-07-09 | Maurice Fodera | Auto-Lampe portable |
| US20100116182A1 (en) * | 2008-09-18 | 2010-05-13 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Resistance heater based air heating device |
| US20110253696A1 (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2011-10-20 | Hanagan Michael J | Ceramic Heating Device |
| US9855823B2 (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2018-01-02 | Tesla, Inc. | HVAC system with positive temperature coefficient varying along length of heat rod |
| US9951952B2 (en) | 2014-10-15 | 2018-04-24 | Specialized Component Parts Limited, Inc. | Hot surface igniters and methods of making same |
| CN107820339A (zh) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-03-20 | 东莞市可乐狗电子科技有限公司 | 一种多电压复合金属陶瓷发热体、不锈钢发热体、微晶玻璃发热体 |
| KR20200142519A (ko) | 2018-03-27 | 2020-12-22 | 에스씨피 홀딩스 언 어숨드 비지니스 네임 오브 나이트라이드 이그나이터스 엘엘씨 | 쿡탑용 고온 표면 점화기 |
| CN112923559A (zh) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-06-08 | M·A·克罗 | 电空间加热器 |
| US20220252271A1 (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2022-08-11 | Electrolux Home Products, Inc. | Silicon nitride melt |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01204383A (ja) * | 1988-02-06 | 1989-08-16 | Ookura Techno Res Kk | 複合熱素子 |
| JPH07119970A (ja) * | 1993-10-20 | 1995-05-12 | Nippondenso Co Ltd | セラミックヒータ |
| JP2002526901A (ja) * | 1998-09-25 | 2002-08-20 | アルカディ コックマン, | 多心導電性柔軟発熱体 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3318459A1 (de) * | 1983-05-20 | 1984-11-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Einrichtung zum einspritzen von kraftstoff in brennraeume |
| DE3502525C2 (de) * | 1985-01-25 | 1993-11-11 | Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A | Glühelement |
| US5820789A (en) * | 1995-10-05 | 1998-10-13 | Saint Gobain/Norton Industrail Ceramics Corp. | High voltage ceramic igniter |
| US5786565A (en) * | 1997-01-27 | 1998-07-28 | Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corporation | Match head ceramic igniter and method of using same |
| US6713733B2 (en) * | 1999-05-11 | 2004-03-30 | Thermosoft International Corporation | Textile heater with continuous temperature sensing and hot spot detection |
| DE19956767A1 (de) * | 1999-11-25 | 2001-05-31 | Nanogate Gmbh | Siliziumcarbid-Element |
| US6474492B2 (en) * | 2001-02-22 | 2002-11-05 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics And Plastics, Inc. | Multiple hot zone igniters |
| US6610964B2 (en) * | 2001-03-08 | 2003-08-26 | Stephen J. Radmacher | Multi-layer ceramic heater |
-
2007
- 2007-05-09 BR BRPI0709786-7A patent/BRPI0709786A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-05-09 WO PCT/US2007/011296 patent/WO2007133629A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-05-09 KR KR1020087028424A patent/KR20090007762A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-05-09 MX MX2008014354A patent/MX2008014354A/es unknown
- 2007-05-09 US US11/801,683 patent/US20070295709A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-05-09 CN CNA2007800212910A patent/CN101513116A/zh active Pending
- 2007-05-09 CA CA002651090A patent/CA2651090A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-05-09 JP JP2009509853A patent/JP2009536780A/ja active Pending
- 2007-05-09 EP EP07794728A patent/EP2033490A2/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01204383A (ja) * | 1988-02-06 | 1989-08-16 | Ookura Techno Res Kk | 複合熱素子 |
| JPH07119970A (ja) * | 1993-10-20 | 1995-05-12 | Nippondenso Co Ltd | セラミックヒータ |
| JP2002526901A (ja) * | 1998-09-25 | 2002-08-20 | アルカディ コックマン, | 多心導電性柔軟発熱体 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011508950A (ja) * | 2007-12-29 | 2011-03-17 | サン−ゴバン セラミックス アンド プラスティクス,インコーポレイティド | セラミック加熱素子 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2007133629A2 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
| KR20090007762A (ko) | 2009-01-20 |
| MX2008014354A (es) | 2008-11-24 |
| BRPI0709786A2 (pt) | 2011-07-26 |
| EP2033490A2 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
| CA2651090A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
| US20070295709A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
| CN101513116A (zh) | 2009-08-19 |
| WO2007133629A3 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20100427 |
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| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20100427 |
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| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20120508 |
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| A02 | Decision of refusal |
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