JP2009533644A - 天然ガス流の液化方法及び装置 - Google Patents
天然ガス流の液化方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009533644A JP2009533644A JP2009504715A JP2009504715A JP2009533644A JP 2009533644 A JP2009533644 A JP 2009533644A JP 2009504715 A JP2009504715 A JP 2009504715A JP 2009504715 A JP2009504715 A JP 2009504715A JP 2009533644 A JP2009533644 A JP 2009533644A
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 10
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 H 2 O Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940112112 capex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N fluocinolone acetonide Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
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- F25J1/0087—Propane; Propylene
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/60—Closed external refrigeration cycle with single component refrigerant [SCR], e.g. C1-, C2- or C3-hydrocarbons
Abstract
【解決手段】部分凝縮した炭化水素原料流(10)を第一気液分離器(2)に供給して、該原料流を気体流(20)と液体流(30)とに分離し、該気体流(20)を膨張流(40)とし、これ(40)を第一供給点(33)から第二気液分離器(3)に供給し、該液体流(30)を第二供給点(34)から第二気液分離器(3)に供給し、第二気液分離器(3)底部の液体流(60)を分留塔(5)に供給し、第二気液分離器(3)頂部からの気体流(50)を圧縮器(6)で50バール超の圧縮流(70)とし、該圧縮流(70)を冷却して冷却圧縮流(80)とし、該冷却圧縮流(80)を、第一気液分離器(2)の下流にあり、かつ分留塔(5)の上流にある流れと熱交換し、該熱交換後の冷却圧縮流を液化して、液化流(190)を得る炭化水素流、特に天然ガス流の液化法。
【選択図】図1
Description
本発明の別の目的は、天然ガス流の液化と同時に、原料流中のエタン、プロパン及びこれより高級な炭化水素の幾つかを回収する代替法を提供することである。
(a)部分凝縮した炭化水素原料流を第一気液分離器に供給する工程、
(b)第一気液分離器中の原料流を気体流と液体流とに分離する工程、
(c)工程(b)で得られた気体流を膨張させて膨張流とし、これを第一供給点から第二気液分離器に供給する工程、
(d)工程(b)で得られた液体流を第二供給点から第二気液分離器に供給する工程、
(e)第二気液分離器の底部から液体流を取り出して、これを分留塔に供給する工程、
(f)第二気液分離器の頂部から気体流を取り出して、これを圧縮器に通し、これにより50バールより高い圧力を有する圧縮流を得る工程、
(g)工程(f)で得られた圧縮流を冷却し、これにより冷却圧縮流を得る工程、
(h)工程(g)で得られた冷却圧縮流を、第一気液分離器の下流にあり、かつ分留塔の上流にある流れと熱交換、好ましくは直接熱交換する工程、及び
(i)工程(h)で熱交換後の冷却圧縮流を液化して、液化流を得る工程。
本発明の他の利点は、方法が比較的簡単であることから、CAPEX(資本経費)が低下することである。
通常、天然ガス流は実質的にメタンで構成される。この原料流は、メタンを好ましくは60モル%以上、更に好ましくは80モル%以上含有する。
更に当業者ならば、得られた流れを所望に応じて更に処理できることも容易に理解している。
これにより、冷却圧縮流の冷却(例えばプロパン冷却サイクルで)に使用される冷媒に対する負荷は低下し、こうして液化流の製造量を増大できる。
これにより冷却圧縮流の冷却(例えばプロパン冷却サイクルで)に使用される冷媒に対する負荷は更に低下する。
更に、工程(f)で第二気液分離器の頂部から取り出した気体流を、圧縮器に供給する前に、原料流と熱交換することが好ましい。
部分凝縮炭化水素原料流用入口、気体流用第一出口及び液体流用第二出口を有する第一気液分離器;
気体流用第一出口、液体流用第二出口、並びに第一及び第二供給点を少なくとも有する第二気液分離器;
第一気液分離の第一出口で得られた気体流を膨張させて、膨張流を得るための膨脹器であって、膨脹器の出口は第二気液分離器の供給点に接続している該膨脹器;
気体流用第一出口と液体流用第二出口と、第二気液分離器の第二出口から取り出された液体流を受け取るための第一供給点とを少なくとも有する分留塔;
第二気液分離器の第一出口から取り出された気体流を圧縮して圧縮流を得るための圧縮器;
圧縮器から得られた圧縮流を冷却して、冷却圧縮流を得るための冷却器;
冷却圧縮流を、第一気液分離器の下流にあり、かつ分留塔の上流にある流れと熱交換、好ましくは直接熱交換するための第一熱交換器;及び
少なくとも1つの極低温熱交換器を有すると共に、第一熱交換器の上流で冷却圧縮流を液化するための液化ユニット;
を少なくとも備える天然ガス流のような炭化水素流の液化装置である。
第二気液分離器3の底部の第二出口32からは液体流60が取り出され、分留塔5に送られ、第一供給点53から分留塔5に供給される。分留塔5は吸収塔3と同圧又はそれ以上の圧力で操作することが好ましい。
第I表及び第II表のプロセス例において種々の箇所での圧力及び温度の概要を示す。またメタンのモル%も示した。図1のライン10内の原料流は、ほぼ以下の組成:メタンを91%、エタンを4%、プロパンを3%、ブタン及びペンタンを約2%及びN2を0.1%含有する。他のH2S、CO2及びH2Oのような成分は予め除去した。
2 第一気液分離器
3 第二気液分離器
4 膨張器
5 分留塔
6 圧縮器
7 冷却器
8 第一熱交換器
9 第二熱交換器
10 原料流
16 液化ユニット
20 気体流
30 液体流
33 第一供給点
34 第二供給点
40 膨張流
50 気体流
60 液体流
70 圧縮流
80 冷却圧縮流
190 液化流
Claims (12)
- (a)部分凝縮した炭化水素原料流(10)を第一気液分離器(2)に供給する工程、
(b)第一気液分離器(2)中の原料流(10)を気体流(20)と液体流(30)とに分離する工程、
(c)工程(b)で得られた気体流(20)を膨張させて膨張流(40)とし、これ(40)を第一供給点(33)から第二気液分離器(3)に供給する工程、
(d)工程(b)で得られた液体流(30)を第二供給点(34)から第二気液分離器(3)に供給する工程、
(e)第二気液分離器(3)の底部から液体流(60)を取り出して、これを分留塔(5)に供給する工程、
(f)第二気液分離器(3)の頂部から気体流(50)を取り出して、これを圧縮器(6)に通し、これにより50バールより高い圧力を有する圧縮流(70)を得る工程、
(g)工程(f)で得られた圧縮流(70)を冷却し、これにより冷却圧縮流(80)を得る工程、
(h)工程(g)で得られた冷却圧縮流(80)を、第一気液分離器(2)の下流にあり、かつ分留塔(5)の上流にある流れと熱交換、好ましくは直接熱交換する工程、及び
(i)工程(h)で熱交換後の冷却圧縮流を液化して、液化流(190)を得る工程を少なくとも含む、天然ガス流のような炭化水素流の液化方法。 - 工程(h)において、冷却圧縮流(80)が、工程(a)において第二気液分離器(3)から分離された液体流(60)と熱交換される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 工程(h)において、冷却圧縮流(80)が、工程(c)で得られた膨張流(40b)の少なくとも一部と熱交換される請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 分留塔(5)の頂部から気体流(130)が取り出され、第二気液分離器(3)からの底部流(90a)の少なくとも一部と熱交換される請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 工程(f)において第二気液分離器(3)の頂部から取り出された気体流(50)が、原料流(10a、10c)と熱交換されてから、圧縮器(6)に供給される請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 分留塔(5)から取り出された気体流(130)が、第二気液分離器(3)からの底部流(90a)と熱交換後、第二気液分離器(3)から取り出された気体流(50)と熱交換される請求項5又は6に記載の方法。
- 部分凝縮炭化水素原料流(10)用入口(21)、気体流(20)用第一出口(22)及び液体流(30)用第二出口(23)を有する第一気液分離器(2);
気体流(50)用第一出口(31)、液体流(60)用第二出口(32)、並びに第一及び第二供給点(32、33)を少なくとも有する第二気液分離器(3);
第一気液分離(2)の第一出口(22)で得られた気体流(20)を膨張させて、膨張流(40)を得るための膨脹器(4)であって、膨脹器(4)の出口は第二気液分離器(3)の供給点(33)に接続している該膨脹器(4);
気体流(130)用第一出口(51)と液体流(120)用第二出口(52)と、第二気液分離器(3)の第二出口(32)から取り出された液体流(60)を受け取るための第一供給点(53)とを少なくとも有する分留塔(5);
第二気液分離器(3)の第一出口(50)から取り出された気体流を圧縮して圧縮流(70)を得るための圧縮器(6);
圧縮器(6)から得られた圧縮流(70)を冷却して、冷却圧縮流(80)を得るための冷却器(7);
冷却圧縮流(80)を、第一気液分離(2)の下流にあり、かつ分留塔(5)の上流にある流れと熱交換、好ましくは直接熱交換するための第一熱交換器(8);及び
少なくとも1つの極低温熱交換器を有すると共に、第一熱交換器(8)の上流で冷却圧縮流(80)を液化するための液化ユニット(16);
を少なくとも備えた、天然ガス流のような炭化水素流(10)の液化装置(1)。 - 冷却圧縮流(80)が、第一熱交換器(8)において、第二気液分離器(3)から取り出された液体流(60)と熱交換可能である請求項8に記載の装置(1)。
- 冷却圧縮流(80)が、第一熱交換器(8)において膨脹流(40)の少なくとも一部と熱交換可能である請求項7又は8に記載の装置(1)。
- 第二気液分離器(3)の第二出口(32)と分留塔(5)の第一供給点(53)との間に第二熱膨脹器(9)を更に備え、この第二熱膨張器(9)中で、分留塔(5)の頂部から取り出された気体流(130)が、第二気液分離器(3)からの底部流(60)の少なくとも一部と熱交換可能である請求項7〜9のいずれか1項に記載の装置(1)。
- 更に第三熱交換器(11)を備え、ここで第二気液分離器(3)の頂部から取り出された気体流(50)が圧縮器(6)に供給される前に、原料流(10)と熱交換可能である請求項7〜10のいずれか1項に記載の装置(1)。
- 分留塔(5)から取り出された気体流(130)を、第二熱交換器(9)で熱交換後、第二気液分離器(3)から取り出された気体流(50)と熱交換するための熱交換器(14)を更に備える請求項10又は11に記載の装置(1)。
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