JP2009530457A - 架橋ポリマーを含む微粒子 - Google Patents
架橋ポリマーを含む微粒子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009530457A JP2009530457A JP2009500773A JP2009500773A JP2009530457A JP 2009530457 A JP2009530457 A JP 2009530457A JP 2009500773 A JP2009500773 A JP 2009500773A JP 2009500773 A JP2009500773 A JP 2009500773A JP 2009530457 A JP2009530457 A JP 2009530457A
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Abstract
式中、〜Xは、多官能性のラジカル重合可能な化合物の残基(少なくともnに等しい官能価を有する)であり;〜各Yは、独立して場合により存在し、存在する場合、各Yは、独立してO、SおよびNR0の群から選択される部分を示し;〜各R0は、独立して水素並びに置換および非置換の脂肪族、脂環式および芳香族の炭化水素基(エステル部分、エーテル部分、チオエステル部分、チオエーテル部分、カルバメート部分、チオカルバメート部分、アミド部分、および、1つ以上のヘテロ原子、特にS、O、PおよびNから選択される1つ以上のヘテロ原子を含むその他の部分の群から選択される1つ以上の部分を場合により含有する)の群から選択され、各R0は、独立して、特に、水素並びに置換および非置換のアルキル基(1つ以上のヘテロ原子、特に、P、S、OおよびNから選択される1つ以上のヘテロ原子を場合により含有する)の群から選択され;〜各Zは、独立してOおよびSから選択され;〜各R1は、独立して、置換および非置換の脂肪族、脂環式および芳香族の炭化水素基(エステル部分、エーテル部分、チオエステル部分、チオエーテル部分、カルバメート部分、チオカルバメート部分、アミド部分、および、1つ以上のヘテロ原子、特にS、O、PおよびNから選択される1つ以上のヘテロ原子を含むその他の部分の群から選択される1つ以上の部分を場合により含有する)の群から選択され;〜各R2は、独立して、水素並びに置換および非置換の脂肪族、脂環式および芳香族の炭化水素基(エステル部分、エーテル部分、チオエステル部分、チオエーテル部分、カルバメート部分、チオカルバメート部分、アミド部分、および、1つ以上のヘテロ原子、特にS、O、PおよびNから選択される1つ以上のヘテロ原子を含むその他の部分の群から選択される1つ以上の部分を場合により含有する)から選択され、各R0は、独立して、特に、水素並びに置換および非置換のアルキル基(1つ以上のヘテロ原子、特に、P、S、OおよびNから選択される1つ以上のヘテロ原子を場合により含有する)の群から選択され;かつ、nは少なくとも2であり、〜各R3は、水素、−COOCH3、−COOC2H5、−COOC3H7、−COOC4H9.Rから選択される。
【選択図】 なし
Description
(式中、
〜Xは、多官能性のラジカル重合可能な化合物の残基(少なくともnに等しい官能価を有する)であり;
〜各Yは、独立して場合により存在し、存在する場合、各Yは、独立してO、SおよびNR0の群から選択される部分を示し;
〜各R0は、独立して水素並びに置換および非置換の脂肪族、脂環式および芳香族の炭化水素基(エステル部分、エーテル部分、チオエステル部分、チオエーテル部分、カルバメート部分、チオカルバメート部分、アミド部分、および、1つ以上のヘテロ原子、特にS、O、PおよびNから選択される1つ以上のヘテロ原子を含むその他の部分の群から選択される1つ以上の部分を場合により含有する)の群から選択され、各R0は、独立して、特に、水素並びに置換および非置換のアルキル基(1つ以上のヘテロ原子、特に、P、S、OおよびNから選択される1つ以上のヘテロ原子を場合により含有する)の群から選択され;
〜各Zは、独立してOおよびSから選択され;
〜各R1は、独立して、置換および非置換の脂肪族、脂環式および芳香族の炭化水素基(エステル部分、エーテル部分、チオエステル部分、チオエーテル部分、カルバメート部分、チオカルバメート部分、アミド部分、および、1つ以上のヘテロ原子、特にS、O、PおよびNから選択される1つ以上のヘテロ原子を含むその他の部分の群から選択される1つ以上の部分を場合により含有する)の群から選択され;
〜各R2は、独立して、水素並びに置換および非置換の脂肪族、脂環式および芳香族の炭化水素基(エステル部分、エーテル部分、チオエステル部分、チオエーテル部分、カルバメート部分、チオカルバメート部分、アミド部分、および、1つ以上のヘテロ原子、特にS、O、PおよびNから選択される1つ以上のヘテロ原子を含むその他の部分の群から選択される1つ以上の部分を場合により含有する)から選択され、各R0は、独立して、特に、水素並びに置換および非置換のアルキル基(1つ以上のヘテロ原子、特に、P、S、OおよびNから選択される1つ以上のヘテロ原子を場合により含有する)の群から選択され;
かつ、nは少なくとも2である。
〜各R3は、水素、−COOCH3、−COOC2H5、−COOC3H7、−COOC4H9から選択される)
〜多官能性ラジカル重合性化合物Xを式IIで示されるイソシアネートと反応させる工程、
(式中、X、R1、R2およびR3は、上に定義したとおりである);
〜(式Iで示される)反応生成物を含む液滴を生成する工程
〜および、反応生成物を架橋する工程
により製造される。このような製造方法の利点は、微粒子がわずか2つの出発物質:Xを提供する化合物および式IIで示される化合物から出発して製造することができるという簡素性にあり、特に、式IIで示される化合物は、商業的に入手可能である。
(式中、R4は、脂肪族、脂環式または芳香族の基であり、R5はアルキル(C2〜C4)であり、Aは、OまたはNから選択され、R2は式Iで定義したとおりである)
このような代替製造法は、実際的な理由、特に各種R基を有する原料を商業的に入手しやすいという点で有利である。イソシアネートの代わりにチオイソシアネートを使用することもできる。
ポリ(エチレングリコール)35kD(PEG)、スズ(II)エチルヘキソノエート、パーオキソジスルフェート(KPS)、塩酸テラゾシン、ジエチレングリコールジメタクリレート(DEGDMA)、トリメチロールプロパントリメタクリレート(TMPTMA)、イルガキュア(Irgacure)819、ポリカプロラクトントリオール(PCL300)、ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート(HEA)、2,4−トルエンジイソシアネート(TDI)およびDarocur1173を、シグマ−アルドリッチ(Sigma−Aldrich)より購入した。PTGL1000(すなわち、Mw1000g/molのポリ(−メチル−1,4−ブタンジオール)コ(テトラメチレングリコール))は、デソテック(Desotech)製であり、イソシアネートエチルメタクリレート(IEMA)は、KarenzMOIから購入した(純度:98%)。Irganox 1035は、Ciba Speciality Chemicals製であった。特に明記しない限り、薬品はそのまま使用した。
51mg(全量に対して0.1重量%)のIrganox 1035、13.9g(0.09mol)のIEMAおよび11mg(IEMAに対して0.1mol%)のスズ(II)2−エチルヘキサノエートを、100mlの反応フラスコ中で乾燥空気下に共に攪拌した。45.6g(0.045mol)のPTGL1000を一定温度(20℃)で30分かけて滴下により加えた。次に、反応混合物を60℃に加熱し、18時間進行させた。PTGL1000−(IEMA)2の生成を次の分析結果により確認した:1H−NMR(300MHz、CDCl3、22℃):δ(ppm)=6.26〜5.83(s,1H,H−CH=CH(CH3)−);5.78〜5.77(s,1H,H−CH=CH(CH3)−);4.50〜4.05(m,2H,−O−CH2−CH2−NH−);4.05〜3.88(m,2H,−O−CH2−CH2−NH−);3.22〜2.51(m,2H,−O−CH2−CH2−CH(CH3)−);1.95〜4.79(s,3H,CH2=CH(CH3)−);1.66〜1.38(s,24H、−CH2−CH(CH3)−CH2−);IR(neat,cm−1):1723.59(C=O,stretch)、1638.14(C=C);SEC(IR検出器):MW=4800、PDI=1.57。
2gのPTGL1000−(IEMA)2オリゴマーおよび20gのPEG溶液(脱ミネラル水(demi−water)中に20%)を60℃、1500rpmで15分間攪拌した(Eurostar Power Control Visc、IKA−WERKE)。攪拌を停止して、エマルジョンを安定化させた。15分後、4.5mlのKPS溶液(50mg/ml)を加えた。70℃で2時間、重合を進行させた。微小球体を遠心分離(Harrier 15/80、MSE、4500rpmで15分)により分離し、20mlの脱ミネラル水で洗浄した。微小球体の形態を顕微鏡で調べた。粒子径分析装置によれば、平均直径は25μm(d75/d25=9)であった。
75.48g(0.65mol)のHEAを、0.3g(0.48mmol)またはスズIIエチルヘキサノエート(0.5g(1.3mmol)の存在下、滴下により113.20g(0.65mol)のTDIに加えた。イソシアネート基(NCO)の転化率を滴定により測定した。このHEA−TDI混合物174.95g(0.60mol)を301.33グラムの保土ヶ谷製のPTGL1000(0.60molのOH)および0.3gのIrganox 1035に加え、攪拌した。温度を80℃まで徐々に上昇させた。7時間後、NCO値は0.026%であった。反応混合物を一晩かけて50℃まで冷却した。さらに16時間後、NCOレベルは0.007%であった。ウレタンジアクリレートオリゴマーの収量は450g(92%)であった。
1.70gのPTGL1000−(TDI−HEA)2オリゴマーと15gのPEG溶液(脱ミネラル水中に20%)を室温、1500rpmで15分間攪拌した(Eurostar Power Control Visc、IKA−WERKE))。攪拌を停止して、エマルジョンを安定化させた。15分後、5mlのKPS水溶液(50mg/ml)を加えた。エマルジョンを500rpmで10分間攪拌した。70℃で2時間、重合を進行させた。微小球体を遠心分離(Harrier 15/80、MSE、4500rpmで15分)により分離し、20mlの脱ミネラル水で2回洗浄した。微小球体の形態を顕微鏡で調べた。粒子径分析装置によれば、平均直径は130μm(d75/d25=7)であった。
1.4gのPTGL1000(IEMA)2、0.5gのDEGDMA、0.1gのTMPTMAおよび20mgのDarocur 1173により配合物を調製した。2gのPEGおよび13gの脱ミネラル水により水溶液を調製した。この水溶液に配合物を加えエマルジョンを得た。エマルジョンを500rpmで30分間攪拌した(Heidolph MR3002)。UV光(Macam Flexicure controller、D−バルブ、200mW/秒/cm2)下、30分間、重合を進行させた。重合後、微粒子を遠心分離(Harrier 15/80、MSE、4500rpmで15分)により分離し、20mlの脱ミネラル水で2回洗浄した。微粒子の形態を走査電子顕微鏡で調べた(図1参照)。粒子径分析装置によれば、平均直径は100μm(d75/d25=1.9)であった(図2参照)。アクリレート転化率は80%であった。
1.5gのPTGL1000(TDI−HEA)2、1.5gのHEAおよび30mgのIrgacure 819により配合物を調製した。4gのPEGおよび21gの脱ミネラル水により水溶液を調製した。この水溶液に配合物を滴下により加えエマルジョンを得た。エマルジョンを500rpmで30分間攪拌した(Heidolph MR3002)。UV光(Macam Flexicure controller、D−バルブ、200mW/s/cm2)下、30分間、重合を進行させた。重合後、微粒子を遠心分離(Harrier 15/80、MSE、4500rpmで15分)により分離し、20mlの脱ミネラル水で2回洗浄した。微粒子の形態を顕微鏡で調べた。粒子径分析装置によれば、平均直径は390μm(d75/d25=2.5)であった。アクリレート転化率は95%より高かった。これらの微粒子は、後で機能性を付与するために使用可能な水酸基を有している。
100mgの乾燥微粒子(実施例5から)3バッチを、2mlのテラゾシン溶液(リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)中に、5mg/ml)と共にインキュベートした。これにより、10%の担持がなされた。オーブン中、60℃で終夜、水分を蒸発させた。乾燥微粒子は、7.5mlのPBSで3回洗浄した。カプセル化効率を決定するために洗浄工程のテラゾシン濃度を測定した。カプセル化効率は75%であった。PBS中、37℃で放出プロファイルを調べた。結果を図3に示す。縦線は標準偏差を示す(n=3)。
実施例6の微粒子を、終夜、凍結乾燥した(真空ポンプEdwards 5 two stagesおよび圧力コントローラVaccuubrand CVC2を備えたEdwards Freeze dryer Micro Modulyo)。脱ミネラル水中で再構成の後、微粒子の形態を顕微鏡で調べた(破壊された微粒子は観察されなかった)。粒子径分析装置によれば、平均直径は360μmであった。これは新鮮な微粒子で測定された直径と比較すると7%未満の偏差を示す。このことから、これらの微粒子は物理的衝撃(凍結乾燥)により生ずる悪影響(粒子径の低下)に対して良好な耐性を示すことが判る。
実施例5の微粒子を、KBrプレスを使用して圧縮した。5トンの圧力を5分間保持した。脱ミネラル水中で再構成の後、微粒子の形態を顕微鏡で調べた。破壊された微粒子は観察されなかった。粒子径分析装置によれば、平均直径は110μmであった。これは圧縮しなかった微粒子で測定された粒子径と比較するとわずかに10%の偏差を示す。
1.5gのPTGL1000−(TDI−HEA)2、1.5gのHEAおよび30mgのIrgacure 819を混合した。この配合物を、直径0.6mmの針を通して空気中に滴下した。空気中を落下する間に、微粒子をUV重合させ(Macam Flexicure controller、D−バルブ、200mW/s/cm2を使用)、エチレングリコール中に回収した。微粒子をエチレングリコール中で30分間後硬化させた。微粒子の形態と粒子径を、顕微鏡により推定したところ、平均粒子径1000μmで、狭い分布(950〜1050μm、顕微鏡を使用して目視により測定)を有していた。
ポリカプロラクトントリオール(80グラム、0.266mol)、イルガノックス(Irganox)1035(0.2グラム、全重量に対して0.1重量%)を10分間攪拌した。IEMA(124グラム、0.800mol)を90分の間に滴下により加えた。反応混合物を60℃に加熱し、IRおよびNMRによって示されるように、反応が完結するまで4時間攪拌した。1H−NMR(300MHz、CDCl3、22℃、TMS):δ(ppm)=6.1(CH,メタクリレート)、5.6(CH,メタクリレート)、5.0(NH,ウレタン)、4.2(2H,−CH2−CH2−)、4.0(CH2−CO−)、3.5(2H,−CH2−CH2−)、2.4(CH3−CH2)、1.4〜1.7(6H,−CH2−CH2−CH2−)、1.9 3H(CH3,メタクリレート)−CH2)、0.9 3H(CH3−CH2)。
1gのPCL300−IEMA3を1gのPEG、6.5gの脱ミネラル水および70mgのDarocur 1173と15分間混合した(Heidolph MR3002、1250rpm)。UV光(Macam Flexicure controller、D−バルブ、200mW/s/cm2)下、60分間、重合を進行させた。重合後、微粒子を、真空下、0.8μmフィルター(Gelman Sciences Supor−800))でろ過し、100mlの脱ミネラル水で洗浄した。形態を光学顕微鏡で調べた。アクリレート転化率は90%であった。平均粒子径は140μm(D75/D25=3.2)であった。
Claims (17)
- 架橋ポリマーを含む微粒子であって、そのポリマーは式
(式中、
〜Xは、多官能性のラジカル重合可能な化合物の残基(少なくともnに等しい官能価を有する)であり;
〜各Yは、独立して場合により存在し、存在する場合、各Yは、独立してO、SおよびNR0の群から選択される部分を示し;
〜各R0は、独立して水素並びに置換および非置換の脂肪族、脂環式および芳香族の炭化水素基(エステル部分、エーテル部分、チオエステル部分、チオエーテル部分、カルバメート部分、チオカルバメート部分、アミド部分、および、1つ以上のヘテロ原子、特にS、O、PおよびNから選択される1つ以上のヘテロ原子を含むその他の部分の群から選択される1つ以上の部分を場合により含有する)の群から選択され、各R0は、独立して、特に、水素並びに置換および非置換のアルキル基(1つ以上のヘテロ原子、特に、P、S、OおよびNから選択される1つ以上のヘテロ原子を場合により含有する)の群から選択され;
〜各Zは、独立してOおよびSから選択され;
〜各R1は、独立して、置換および非置換の脂肪族、脂環式および芳香族の炭化水素基(エステル部分、エーテル部分、チオエステル部分、チオエーテル部分、カルバメート部分、チオカルバメート部分、アミド部分、および、1つ以上のヘテロ原子、特にS、O、PおよびNから選択される1つ以上のヘテロ原子を含むその他の部分の群から選択される1つ以上の部分を場合により含有する)の群から選択され;
〜各R2は、独立して、水素並びに置換および非置換の脂肪族、脂環式および芳香族の炭化水素基(エステル部分、エーテル部分、チオエステル部分、チオエーテル部分、カルバメート部分、チオカルバメート部分、アミド部分、および、1つ以上のヘテロ原子、特にS、O、PおよびNから選択される1つ以上のヘテロ原子を含むその他の部分の群から選択される1つ以上の部分を場合により含有する)から選択され、各R0は、独立して、特に、水素並びに置換および非置換のアルキル基(1つ以上のヘテロ原子、特に、P、S、OおよびNから選択される1つ以上のヘテロ原子を場合により含有する)の群から選択され;かつ、nは少なくとも2であり、
〜各R3は、水素、−COOCH3、−COOC2H5、−COOC3H7、−COOC4H9.Rから選択される)
で示される架橋性化合物からなる微粒子。 - Xは、−OH、−NH2、−RNHまたは−SHの多官能性ポリマーまたはオリゴマーの残基である請求項1に記載の微粒子。
- Xは、生安定性または生分解性のポリマーまたはオリゴマーから選択される請求項1または2に記載の微粒子。
- Xは、脂肪族ポリエステル、脂肪族ポリチオエステル、脂肪族ポリチオエーテル、脂肪族ポリエーテルまたはポリペプチドから選択される請求項3に記載の微粒子。
- R0は、水素またはアルキル基である請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の微粒子。
- R1は、2〜20個の炭素原子、好ましくは2〜14個の炭素原子を含む請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の微粒子。
- R2は、水素であるか、または1〜6個の炭素原子を含む請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の微粒子。
- 平均直径が、10nm〜1000μmの範囲、好ましくは1〜100μmの範囲である請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の微粒子。
- 内部コアおよび外部シェルを含む構造を有する請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の微粒子。
- 1つ以上の活性物質を含む請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の微粒子。
- 前記活性物質が、栄養物、医薬品、タンパク質およびペプチド、ワクチン、遺伝子材料、診断薬、または造影剤の群から選択される請求項10に記載の微粒子。
- 前記架橋ポリマーが、カルバメート、チオカルバメート、ウレイルまたはアミドの共重合体である請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の微粒子。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の微粒子の、活性化合物、特に薬剤、診断助剤または造影助剤の輸送システムとしての使用。
- 請求項14に記載の微粒子の、皮膚、血管、整形外科、眼科、脊髄、腸、肺、鼻または耳の分野における使用。
- 請求項14または15に記載の微粒子の、懸濁物、カプセル、チューブ、ペレット、(ラピッドプロトタイプによる)足場、コーティング、パッチ、複合材料、もしくは石膏、または(その場で生成する)ゲルにおける使用。
- 前記微粒子が注入、噴霧、埋込みまたは吸収される請求項16に記載の微粒子の使用。
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US9944977B2 (en) | 2013-12-12 | 2018-04-17 | Raindance Technologies, Inc. | Distinguishing rare variations in a nucleic acid sequence from a sample |
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