JP2009520176A - Air separation device by cryogenic distillation - Google Patents

Air separation device by cryogenic distillation Download PDF

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JP2009520176A
JP2009520176A JP2008546547A JP2008546547A JP2009520176A JP 2009520176 A JP2009520176 A JP 2009520176A JP 2008546547 A JP2008546547 A JP 2008546547A JP 2008546547 A JP2008546547 A JP 2008546547A JP 2009520176 A JP2009520176 A JP 2009520176A
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JP5074416B2 (en
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ダビディアン、ベノワ
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レール・リキード−ソシエテ・アノニム・プール・レテュード・エ・レクスプロワタシオン・デ・プロセデ・ジョルジュ・クロード
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04624—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using integrated mass and heat exchange, so-called non-adiabatic rectification, e.g. dephlegmator, reflux exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04254—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using the cold stored in external cryogenic fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F25J5/007—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger combined with mass exchange, i.e. in a so-called dephlegmator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/44—Particular materials used, e.g. copper, steel or alloys thereof or surface treatments used, e.g. enhanced surface

Abstract

本発明は、交換ライン（３）と、プレートおよび／または構造化パッキングを含む単純蒸留カラムと、圧縮され、精製された空気（１）を配送するための供給ラインと、圧縮され、精製されかつ冷却された空気を交換ラインから蒸留カラムに配送するための供給ラインと、酸素を富化された液体（１１）を蒸留カラムから取出すことができ、交換ラインへ配送するためのラインとを含み、前記交換ラインは、精留区画（３Ｂ）と、熱交換区画（３Ａ）とを含み、精留区画はカラムと富化液体のためのラインとに接続され、熱交換ラインは空気供給ラインと精留区画とに接続される、窒素を生産するために深冷蒸留によって空気を分離するための装置に関する。
【選択図】 図１The present invention comprises an exchange line (3), a simple distillation column comprising plates and / or structured packing, a supply line for delivering compressed and purified air (1), a compressed, purified and A supply line for delivering cooled air from the exchange line to the distillation column; and a line for allowing oxygen-enriched liquid (11) to be removed from the distillation column and delivering to the exchange line; The exchange line includes a rectification section (3B) and a heat exchange section (3A), the rectification section is connected to the column and the line for the enriched liquid, and the heat exchange line is connected to the air supply line and the refinement line. The present invention relates to an apparatus for separating air by cryogenic distillation to produce nitrogen, connected to a distillation section.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

本発明は、特に窒素を生産するための、深冷蒸留によって空気を分離する装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an apparatus for separating air by cryogenic distillation, in particular for producing nitrogen.

ＵＳ-５８９９０９３に記載された窒素発生器は、蒸留される空気を冷却する交換ラインと、空気がカラムの頂部における窒素リッチ流とカラムの底部における酸素富化流とに分離される分離カラムとを含む。還流を供給するために、窒素リッチ流の一部は、気化器-凝縮器に送られ、そこで酸素富化流との熱交換によって凝縮される。代替的に、窒素は精留器（ｄｅｆｌｅｇｍａｔｏｒ）で凝縮されてもよい。精留器で部分的に気化された富化液体は、相分離器に送られ、分離器の中で生成した液体は再び精留器に流れる。本発明の目的は、種々の制約：
・特に液体再循環を提供するための、投資コスト
・不純物（ＣｎＨｍ、Ｎ２Ｏ，ＣＯ２など）の濃度
・液体パージ
・レベル計測
を課された凝縮器-気化器を排除することである。 A nitrogen generator described in US-5899093 comprises an exchange line for cooling the air to be distilled and a separation column in which the air is separated into a nitrogen-rich stream at the top of the column and an oxygen-enriched stream at the bottom of the column. Including. To provide reflux, a portion of the nitrogen rich stream is sent to a vaporizer-condenser where it is condensed by heat exchange with the oxygen enriched stream. Alternatively, the nitrogen may be condensed in a deflector. The enriched liquid partially vaporized in the rectifier is sent to the phase separator, and the liquid produced in the separator flows again to the rectifier. The object of the present invention is to have various constraints:
• Investment costs, especially to provide liquid recirculation • Impurities (CnHm, N 2 O, CO 2 etc.) concentration • Liquid purge • Eliminate condenser-vaporizers that are subject to level measurement.

本発明の１つの目的によれば、
ａ）交換ラインと、
ｂ）プレートおよび／または構造化パッキングを含む単純蒸留カラムと、
ｃ）圧縮され、精製された空気を交換ラインに送るためのラインと、
ｄ）圧縮され、精製されかつ冷却された空気を、交換ラインから蒸留カラムに送るためのラインと、
ｅ）酸素富化液体をカラムから取出し、それを前記交換ラインに送るためのラインと
を含み、交換ラインは精留区画（ｄｅｆｌｅｇｍａｔｉｏｎ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ）と熱交換区画とを含み、；精留区画はカラムと酸素富化液体ラインとに接続され、熱交換区画は空気供給ラインと精留区画とに接続されていることを特徴とする、窒素を生産するために深冷蒸留によって空気を分離するための装置が提供される。 According to one object of the invention,
a) an exchange line;
b) a simple distillation column containing plates and / or structured packing;
c) a line for sending compressed and purified air to the exchange line;
d) a line for sending compressed, purified and cooled air from the exchange line to the distillation column;
e) a line for removing the oxygen-enriched liquid from the column and sending it to the exchange line, the exchange line comprising a deflation section and a heat exchange section; An apparatus for separating air by cryogenic distillation to produce nitrogen, characterized in that it is connected to an oxygen-enriched liquid line and the heat exchange section is connected to an air supply line and a rectification section Is provided.

任意の目的によれば、：
- 交換ラインは蒸留カラムの上に配置され、；
- 精留区画はカラムの頂部に固定され、；
- 注入仕込みのための、および／または空気もしくは気化された富化液体を膨張させるための手段と、；
- 圧縮され、精製されかつ冷却された空気を交換ラインから蒸留カラムに送るためのラインが、熱交換区画の冷端に接続され、；
- 熱交換区画と精留区画との間に通路を再配分させるための手段と、；
- 交換ラインは銅またはアルミニウムから作られ、および／または蒸留カラムはステンレス鋼から作られ、；
- 交換ラインおよび蒸留カラムはアルミニウムから作られ、；
- 交換ラインはプレートおよびろう付けされたひれ付管式の熱交換器である。 According to any purpose:
-The exchange line is located above the distillation column;
-The rectification compartment is fixed at the top of the column;
-Means for infusion charging and / or for expanding the air or vaporized enriched liquid;
-A line for sending compressed, purified and cooled air from the exchange line to the distillation column is connected to the cold end of the heat exchange section;
-Means for redistributing the passages between the heat exchange section and the rectification section;
The exchange line is made of copper or aluminum and / or the distillation column is made of stainless steel;
-The exchange line and the distillation column are made of aluminum;
-The exchange line is a plate and brazed finned tube heat exchanger.

本発明の他の側面によれば、交換ラインと、プレートおよび／または構造化パッキングを含む単純蒸留カラムとを含み、圧縮され、かつ精製された空気を交換ラインに送り、圧縮され、精製され、冷却された空気を交換ラインから蒸留カラムに送り、酸素富化液体の流をカラムから取出して交換ラインに送り、
交換ラインは、精留区画と、熱交換区画との２つの区画を含み、；精留区画は、カラムと酸素富化液体ラインとに接続され、熱交換区画は、空気供給ラインと精留区画とに接続され、酸素富化液体は、熱交換区画の中で完全に気化されて酸素富化ガスを生成することを特徴とする、深冷蒸留によって装置の中で窒素を製造する、空気を分離するための方法が提供される。 According to another aspect of the invention, the exchange line and a simple distillation column comprising plates and / or structured packing are sent, compressed and purified air is sent to the exchange line, compressed and purified, The cooled air is sent from the exchange line to the distillation column, the oxygen-enriched liquid stream is removed from the column and sent to the exchange line,
The exchange line includes two compartments, a rectification compartment and a heat exchange compartment; the rectification compartment is connected to a column and an oxygen-enriched liquid line, and the heat exchange compartment is an air supply line and a rectification compartment. The oxygen-enriched liquid is fully vaporized in the heat exchange section to produce an oxygen-enriched gas, producing nitrogen in the apparatus by cryogenic distillation, air A method for separating is provided.

本発明は、熱交換器の最低温部分を、精留器として、そこで窒素を凝縮させるために用いることによって、主熱交換器に「気化-凝縮」機能を組込むことを提案する。本発明の利点は以下の通りである、：
・ 気化によって僅かしか濃縮されない富化液体の「自然」パージを与える（ポンプ装置のように）、
・ 分散液体パージを使用する必要がないので、
□ 典型的なパージに必要な石詰め（ｓｔｏｎｅ ｆｉｌｌｅｄ）ピット（またはドリップポット）、ならびにパージの信頼性および有効性を保証するための装置を含む関連する装置を除外すること、
□ 冷却容量における利益（注入仕込みを具備した装置について、液体窒素の消費が大幅に削減され、それによって稼動コストが削減される）、
□ 安全面で「重要」な、このパージの動作モニタリングを軽減すること
に役立ち、
・ レベル計測、パルスコネクター加熱トング（ｐｕｌｓｅ ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｏｒ ｈｅａｔｉｎｇ ｔｏｎｇ）、任意的なバーナーおよびレベルゲージの除外、ならびに安全面で「重要」な、この計測の軽減
・ 再循環ポットの除外。 The present invention proposes to incorporate a “vaporization-condensation” function in the main heat exchanger by using the coldest part of the heat exchanger as a rectifier, where it condenses nitrogen. The advantages of the present invention are as follows:
Provide a “natural” purge of enriched liquid that is only slightly concentrated by evaporation (as in a pumping device);
・ Because there is no need to use a dispersion liquid purge
□ Exclude related equipment including stone filled pits (or drip pots) required for typical purges, and equipment to ensure purge reliability and effectiveness;
□ Benefit in cooling capacity (for equipment with injection charge, the consumption of liquid nitrogen is greatly reduced, thereby reducing operating costs),
□ Helps reduce the monitoring of this purge operation, which is “important” in safety,
• Level measurement, pulse connector heating tongs, optional burner and level gauge exclusion, and safety “important” mitigation of this measurement. • Recirculation pot exclusion.

冷却容量における利得の一部が僅かに効率が低い（それゆえに小さい）交換ラインにおいて変換される場合は、熱交換器の追加コストはわずかなものに、またはゼロにさえなるであろう。   If some of the gain in cooling capacity is converted in a slightly less efficient (and hence smaller) exchange line, the additional cost of the heat exchanger will be negligible or even zero.

熱交換器がカラムの上にあるので、コールドボックスは高さが増すが、かなり幅狭になるので、それによりかなりの利益が得られる。   Since the heat exchanger is above the column, the cold box is increased in height, but is considerably narrower, which provides considerable benefits.

本発明は、本発明による空気分離装置を示す図を参照してより詳細に記述される。   The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the figures showing an air separation device according to the invention.

圧縮された空気の流は、精製ユニット（図示せず）の中で精製され、交換ライン３の温端に送られる。この交換ラインは、通常の熱交換区画３Ａと、精留区画３Ｂとを含む。２つの区画は隣接しており、交換ラインはプレートおよびろう付けされたひれ付管式熱交換器である。   The compressed air stream is purified in a purification unit (not shown) and sent to the warm end of the exchange line 3. This exchange line includes a normal heat exchange section 3A and a rectification section 3B. The two compartments are adjacent and the exchange line is a plate and brazed finned tube heat exchanger.

空気１は、区画３Ａの冷端に至るまで交換ラインの中で冷却され、次に熱交換ラインを出て単純蒸留カラム７の底部に送られる。カラム７は構造化パッキングまたはプレート９を含む。   Air 1 is cooled in the exchange line until it reaches the cold end of compartment 3A, then exits the heat exchange line and is sent to the bottom of simple distillation column 7. Column 7 includes structured packing or plate 9.

空気は、酸素富化流１１と窒素富化流とに分離される。酸素富化流１１は、カラム７から液体状態で取出され、区画３Ｂの冷端に送られる。窒素富化流は、区画３Ｂの通路を介して直接、カラムの頂部から出る。好ましくは、交換ライン３は、カラム７の頂部と同じ幅を持ち、カラムのシェルに溶接されている（円形-正方形または円形-長方形アダプターによって）。   The air is separated into an oxygen enriched stream 11 and a nitrogen enriched stream. The oxygen enriched stream 11 is withdrawn from the column 7 in a liquid state and sent to the cold end of the compartment 3B. The nitrogen enriched stream exits from the top of the column directly via the passage in section 3B. Preferably, the exchange line 3 has the same width as the top of the column 7 and is welded to the column shell (by means of a circular-square or circular-rectangular adapter).

蒸留に必要とされる冷却容量は、ＥＰ-Ａ-０４５２１７７に記載されたそれ自体既知の手法により貯蔵ユニットから得られる液体窒素１３の注入仕込みによって供給される。代替的に、または追加で、空気タービン１もしくは気化された富化液体タービンを設けることができる。   The cooling capacity required for the distillation is supplied by injecting liquid nitrogen 13 obtained from the storage unit according to a method known per se, as described in EP-A-0 521 177. Alternatively or additionally, an air turbine 1 or a vaporized enriched liquid turbine can be provided.

区画３Ｂは、富化液体の１つの通路について２つの窒素の通路を含む。富化液体は、交換ライン３の区画３Ｂの中で完全に気化されるので、それは完全に気体に変換される。窒素は部分的に凝縮される：凝縮した部分は、重力によってカラム中に落ちて還流として働き、交換ライン３はカラムの上に設置される（直接溶接または任意に適当な配管を介して）。窒素ガスの残りは、交換ライン３全体を通って上昇しつづける。   Compartment 3B includes two nitrogen passages for one passage of the enriched liquid. Since the enriched liquid is completely vaporized in the compartment 3B of the exchange line 3, it is completely converted to gas. Nitrogen is partially condensed: the condensed part falls into the column by gravity and acts as a reflux, and the exchange line 3 is placed on the column (directly via welding or optionally suitable piping). The remainder of the nitrogen gas continues to rise through the entire exchange line 3.

交換ラインの区画３Ａは、通常の主交換ラインを含む。窒素ガスおよび気化された富化液体は、入ってくる空気１によって加熱される。   The exchange line section 3A includes a normal main exchange line. Nitrogen gas and the vaporized enriched liquid are heated by incoming air 1.

交換ライン３を最適化するために、２つの区画間の境界面で、精留区画３Ｂの二重の窒素の通路は、区画３Ａで加熱される窒素と冷却される空気との間で再配分される。これは、流体入口／出口（配分ボックス）によって、または、好ましくは内部での再配分によって（ロッドおよび穿孔分離プレートを用いて）実行され得る。   In order to optimize the exchange line 3, at the interface between the two compartments, the double nitrogen passage of the rectification compartment 3B is redistributed between the nitrogen heated in the compartment 3A and the cooled air. Is done. This can be done by fluid inlet / outlet (distribution box) or preferably by internal redistribution (using rods and perforated separation plates).

交換ライン３は、好ましくは銅またはアルミニウムから作られ、カラム７はステンレス鋼から作られる。交換ラインがアルミニウムから作られ、かつカラムがステンレス鋼から作られる場合は、両者の間に１つ以上の複合ジャンクションを設けなければならない。そうでない場合は、交換ライン３およびカラム７はアルミニウムから作られるであろう。   The exchange line 3 is preferably made from copper or aluminum and the column 7 is made from stainless steel. If the exchange line is made of aluminum and the column is made of stainless steel, one or more composite junctions must be provided between them. Otherwise, the exchange line 3 and column 7 will be made from aluminum.

説明なしNo description

Claims (9)

ａ）交換ライン（３）と、
ｂ）プレートおよび／または構造化パッキングを含む単純蒸留カラム（７）と、
ｃ）圧縮され、精製された空気を前記交換ラインに送るためのライン（１）と、
ｄ）圧縮され、精製されかつ冷却された空気を、前記交換ラインから前記蒸留カラムに送るためのラインと、
ｅ）酸素富化液体を前記カラムから取出し、それを前記交換ラインに送るためのライン（１１）と
を含み、前記交換ラインは２つの区画、すなわち精留区画（３Ｂ）と熱交換区画（３Ａ）とを含み、前記精留区画は前記カラムと前記酸素富化液体ラインとに接続され、前記熱交換区画は、前記空気供給ラインと前記精留区画とに接続されていることを特徴とする、窒素を生産するために深冷蒸留によって空気を分離するための装置。 a) exchange line (3);
b) a simple distillation column (7) containing plates and / or structured packing;
c) a line (1) for sending compressed and purified air to the exchange line;
d) a line for sending compressed, purified and cooled air from the exchange line to the distillation column;
e) a line (11) for removing the oxygen-enriched liquid from the column and sending it to the exchange line, the exchange line comprising two compartments: a rectification compartment (3B) and a heat exchange compartment (3A) And the rectification section is connected to the column and the oxygen-enriched liquid line, and the heat exchange section is connected to the air supply line and the rectification section. An apparatus for separating air by cryogenic distillation to produce nitrogen. 前記交換ライン（３）が前記蒸留カラム（７）の上に配置されている、請求項１に記載の装置。   The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the exchange line (3) is arranged above the distillation column (7). 前記精留区画（３Ｂ）が前記カラム（７）の頂部に固定されている、請求項１および２のいずれかに記載の装置。   The apparatus according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the rectification section (3B) is fixed to the top of the column (7). 注入仕込み（１３）のための、および／または空気（５）もしくは気化された富化液体を膨張させるための手段を含む、先行する請求項のいずれか１項に記載の装置。   Device according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising means for the injection charge (13) and / or for expanding the air (5) or the vaporized enriched liquid. 前記圧縮され、精製されかつ冷却された空気を前記交換ラインから前記蒸留カラムへと送るためのラインが、前記熱交換区画（３Ａ）の冷端に接続されている、先行する請求項のいずれか１項に記載の装置。   Any of the preceding claims, wherein a line for sending the compressed, purified and cooled air from the exchange line to the distillation column is connected to the cold end of the heat exchange section (3A). The apparatus according to item 1. 前記熱交換区画と前記精留区画との間で通路を再配分するための手段を含む、先行する請求項のいずれか１項に記載の装置。   An apparatus according to any preceding claim, comprising means for redistributing passages between the heat exchange section and the rectification section. 前記熱交換ライン（３）が銅またはアルミニウムから作られ、および／または前記蒸留カラム（７）がステンレス鋼から作られている、先行する請求項のいずれか１項に記載の装置。   The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the heat exchange line (3) is made from copper or aluminum and / or the distillation column (7) is made from stainless steel. 前記交換ライン（３）および前記蒸留カラム（７）がアルミニウムから作られている、先行する請求項のいずれか１項に記載の装置。   The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the exchange line (3) and the distillation column (7) are made of aluminum. 交換ライン（３）と、プレートおよび／または構造化パッキングを含む単純蒸留カラム（７）とを含む装置内で、窒素を生産するために深冷蒸留により空気を分離するための方法であって、圧縮され、精製された空気を前記交換ラインに送り、圧縮され、精製されかつ冷却された空気を前記交換ラインから前記蒸留カラムに送り、酸素富化液体の流を前記カラムから取出して前記交換ラインに送り、前記交換ラインは、２つの区画、すなわち精留区画（３Ｂ）と、熱交換区画（３Ａ）とを含み、前記精留区画は前記カラムと前記酸素富化液体ラインとに接続され、前記熱交換区画は前記空気供給ラインと前記精留区画とに接続され、前記酸素富化液体を、前記熱交換区画の中で完全に気化させて酸素富化ガスを生成することを特徴とする方法。   A method for separating air by cryogenic distillation to produce nitrogen in an apparatus comprising an exchange line (3) and a simple distillation column (7) comprising plates and / or structured packing, comprising: Compressed and purified air is sent to the exchange line, compressed, purified and cooled air is sent from the exchange line to the distillation column, and a stream of oxygen-enriched liquid is removed from the column and the exchange line The exchange line includes two compartments, a rectification compartment (3B) and a heat exchange compartment (3A), the rectification compartment connected to the column and the oxygen-enriched liquid line; The heat exchange section is connected to the air supply line and the rectification section, and the oxygen-enriched liquid is completely vaporized in the heat exchange section to generate an oxygen-enriched gas. Method
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