JP2009519242A - 癌治療法およびそれに用いる医薬組成物 - Google Patents
癌治療法およびそれに用いる医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009519242A JP2009519242A JP2008543513A JP2008543513A JP2009519242A JP 2009519242 A JP2009519242 A JP 2009519242A JP 2008543513 A JP2008543513 A JP 2008543513A JP 2008543513 A JP2008543513 A JP 2008543513A JP 2009519242 A JP2009519242 A JP 2009519242A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は癌治療法およびそれに用いる方法に関する。具体的には、本発明はオリゴマーと別の治療薬を含む癌の組合せ治療法およびそれに用いる方法を提供する。
癌遺伝子は癌生物学の理解における中心概念となっており、治療薬のための価値ある標的を提供しうる。多くのタイプのヒト腫瘍、例えば、リンパ腫および白血病において、癌遺伝子が過剰発現しており、腫瘍形成能と関連しうる(Tsujimoto et al.、Science 228:1440-1443 [1985])。例えば、高レベルのヒトbcl-2遺伝子の発現がt(14; 18) 染色体転座を伴うすべてのリンパ腫においてみられており、ほとんどのろ胞性の B細胞リンパ腫および多くの大細胞型非ホジキンリンパ腫が含まれる。高レベルの bcl-2 遺伝子発現はt(14; 18) 染色体転座を有さない特定の白血病においてもみられており、例えば、多くの場合の慢性リンパ球性白血病急性、多くのプレB細胞型リンパ球性白血病、神経芽細胞腫、上咽頭癌、多くの前立腺、乳房および結腸腺癌が含まれる (Reed et al.、Cancer Res. 51:6529 [1991]; Yunis et al.、New England J. Med. 320:1047; Campos et al.、Blood 81:3091-3096 [1993]; McDonnell et al.、Cancer Res. 52:6940-6944 [1992); Lu et al.、Int. J Cancer 53:29-35 [1993]; Bonner et al.、Lab Invest. 68:43A [1993]。その他の癌遺伝子としてはTGF-α、c-ki-ras、ras、her-2 およびc-mycが挙げられる。
概して、本発明は癌を治療するための共治療法およびそれを用いる方法に関する。一つの側面において、本発明は、配列番号1249 またはその相補鎖にハイブリダイズするオリゴヌクレオチド化合物およびもう一つの癌療法 (例えば、化学療法薬、放射線、外科手術等)を含む共治療法を提供する。
図 1は、配列番号1251およびタキソテール(商標)による治療の後のPC-3 GFP 前立腺癌皮下モデルにおける腫瘍の平均腫瘍体積を示す。
I.定義
本明細書において用いる場合、「化学療法薬」は、悪性細胞および組織を破壊または阻害する目的の非オリゴヌクレオチドに基づく細胞傷害性薬物または非オリゴヌクレオチドに基づく細胞傷害性薬物の混合物である。
本発明の癌治療法は、オリゴヌクレオチド化合物、化学療法薬、放射線療法、外科手術、またはそれらの組合せを含む。
1.癌遺伝子標的
ある態様において、本発明は癌遺伝子のアンチジーン阻害剤を提供する。本発明は特定の癌遺伝子の阻害に限定されない。実際、本発明は多数の癌遺伝子、例えばこれらに限定されないが以下に記載するものを含むものに対するアンチジーン阻害剤を包含する。
多くの科学者に注目された1つの遺伝子は、ヒト癌原遺伝子、c-Ha-rasである。この遺伝子は中心的司令塔として作用し、化学シグナルを細胞に伝え、細胞分裂を制御する。Ras 遺伝子変化は遺伝子を「オン」位置に置かせうる。ras 癌遺伝子は30%の癌の基礎となっていると考えられ、結腸癌、肺癌、膀胱癌および乳癌 (Bos、Cancer Res. 49:4682-4689 [1989])が含まれる。ras 癌遺伝子はそれゆえ治療薬の標的となっている。
her-2 (neu 癌遺伝子またはerbB-2としても知られる) 癌遺伝子はいくつかのヒト癌(Hynes and Stern、Biochim. et Biophy. Acta 1198:165-184 [1994]; Dougall et al.、Oncogene 9:2109-2123 [1994])および哺乳類発生(Lee et al.、Nature 378:394-398 [1995])におけるその役割のためによく調べられている受容体-様チロシンキナーゼ (RTK) をコードする。HER-2 タンパク質配列は上皮増殖因子受容体 (EGFR) mRNAに対する相同性により胎盤(Coussens et al.、Science 230:1132-1139 [1985])および胃癌細胞株 (Yamamoto et al.、Nature 319:230-234 [1986]) からクローニングされたcDNA から決定された。her-2 mRNA は約 4.5 kbであり (Coussens et al.、Science 230:1132-1139 [1985]; Yamamoto et al.、Nature 319:230-234 [1986])、正常および悪性ヒト組織において185 kDaの膜貫通糖タンパク質(p185HER-2)をコードすることが示された (Hynes and Steen、Biochim. et Biophys. Acta 1198:165-184 [1994]; Dougall et al.、Oncogene 9:2109-2123 [1994])。HER-2の過剰発現は培養細胞の表現型形質転換を導き(DiFiore et al.、Science 237:178-182 [1987]; Hudziak et al.、Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:7159-7163 [1987])、乳癌および卵巣癌の活発な臨床的進行と関連していた(Slamon et al.、Science 235:177-182 [1987]; Slamon et al.、Science 244:707-712 [1989])。
c-myc 遺伝子産物は最初期応答遺伝子によってコードされ、その発現は様々な分裂促進因子によって誘導されうる。C-myc 発現は細胞分裂を導くシグナル伝達経路に関与している。研究により、増殖中の細胞は静止状態の細胞よりも高いレベルのc-myc mRNA およびc-myc タンパク質を有することが示された。ヒト c-myc タンパク質に対して作成された抗体はヒト細胞から単離された核におけるDNA 合成を阻害することが知られている。逆に、遺伝子導入により生じるc-mycの構成的発現はいくつかの細胞株の誘導性の分化を阻害する。c-mycの構成的発現はトランスジェニックマウスの腫瘍の発達の素因になる。
多くのタイプのヒト腫瘍、例えば、リンパ腫および白血病において、ヒト bcl-2 遺伝子が過剰発現しており、腫瘍形成能と関連している可能性がある (Tsujimoto et al.、Science 228:1440-1443 [1985])。ヒト bcl-2 遺伝子の高レベルの発現がt (14; 18) 染色体転座を伴うすべてのリンパ腫、例えば、ほとんどのろ胞性 B細胞 リンパ腫および多くの大細胞型 非ホジキンリンパ腫において見いだされた。bcl-2 遺伝子の高レベルの発現は、 t(14; 18) 染色体転座を有さない特定の白血病、例えばほとんどのケースの慢性リンパ球性白血病急性、多くのプレB細胞型リンパ球性白血病、神経芽細胞腫、上咽頭癌および多くの前立腺、乳房および結腸の腺癌においても見いだされた(Reed et al.、Cancer Res. 51:6529 [1991]; Yunis et al.、New England J. Med. 320:1047; Campos et al.、Blood 81:3091-3096 [1993]; McDonnell et al.、Cancer Res. 52:6940-6944 [1992); Lu et al.、Int. J Cancer 53:29-35 [1993]; Bonner et al.、Lab Invest. 68:43A [1993])。
トランスフォーミング増殖因子アルファ (TGF-α)は、50 アミノ酸のポリペプチドである。それは最初、レトロウイルス-形質転換マウス細胞株から単離され、次いで、ヒト腫瘍細胞、初期ラット胚細胞およびヒト脳下垂体由来細胞培養において同定された。TGF-αは構造および機能の両方で上皮増殖因子(EGF) に密接に関連しており、両者は同じ受容体、即ち、上皮増殖因子受容体(EGFR)に結合する。
c-Ki-ras (KRAS) 癌遺伝子は遍在的に発現している。30 kbを超える長さであるKRASは、HRASまたはNRASよりもかなり大きい。3つのRas 遺伝子、HRAS、KRAS、およびNRASは異なる遺伝子構造を有するが、それらすべては189 アミノ酸残基のp21と総称されるタンパク質をコードする。これら遺伝子は対応するp21の第12または第61アミノ酸残基の組込みに影響する単一の点突然変異により悪性特性を獲得する。KRASはHRASよりもかなり高頻度に悪性腫瘍に関与している。NIH 3T3 形質転換系における96のヒト腫瘍または腫瘍細胞株の研究において、Pulciani et al.(Nature 300: 539 (1982)は T24 膀胱癌細胞においてのみ突然変異したHRAS座を見いだしたが、形質転換KRas 遺伝子は8 種類の癌および肉腫において同定された。
本発明は上記の癌遺伝子に限定されない。本発明の方法は既知のプロモーター領域を有するあらゆる癌遺伝子との使用に好適なものである。例示的な癌遺伝子としては、これらに限定されないが、BCR/ABL、ABL1/BCR、ABL、BCL1、CD24、CDK4、EGFR/ERBB-1、HSTF1、INT1/WNT1、INT2、MDM2、MET、MYB、MYC、MYCN、MYCL1、RAF1、NRAS、REL、AKT2、APC、BCL2-ALPHA、BCL2-BETA、BCL3、BCR、BRCA1、BRCA2、CBL、CCND1、CDKN1A、CDKN1C、CDKN2A、CDKN2B、CRK、CRK-II、CSF1R/FMS、DBL、DDOST、DCC、DPC4/SMAD4、E-CAD、E2F1/RBAP、ELK1、ELK3、EPH、EPHA1、E2F1、EPHA3、ERG、ETS1、ETS2、FER、FGR、FLI1/ERGB2、FOS、FPS/FES、FRA1、FRA2、FYN、HCK、HEK、HER3/ERBB-2、ERBB-3、HER4/ERBB-4、HST2、INK4A、INK4B、JUN、JUNB、JUND、KIP2、KIT、KRAS2A、KRAS2B、LCK、LYN、MAS、MAX、MCC、MLH1、MOS、MSH2、MYBA、MYBB、NF1、NF2、P53、PDGFB、PIM1、PTC、RB1、RET、ROS1、SKI、SRC1、TAL1、TGFBR2、THRA1、THRB、TIAM1、TRK、VAV、VHL、WAF1、WNT2、WT1、YES1、ALK/NPM1、AMI1、AXL、FMS、GIP、GLI、GSP、HOX11、HST、IL3、INT2、KS3、K-SAM、LBC、LMO-1、LMO-2、L-MYC、LYL1、LYT-10、MDM-2、MLH1、MLL、MLM、N-MYC、OST、PAX-5、PMS-1、PMS-2、PRAD-1、RAF、RHOM-1、RHOM-2、SIS、TAL2、TAN1、TIAM1、TSC2、TRK、TSC1、STK11、PTCH、MEN1、MEN2、P57/KIP2、PTEN、HPC1、ATM、XPA/XPG、BCL6、DEK、AKAP13、CDH1、BLM、EWSR1/FLI1、FES、FGF3、FGF4、FGF6、FANCA、FLI1/ERGB2、FOSL1、FOSL2、GLI、HRAS1、HRX/MLLT1、HRX/MLLT2、KRAS2、MADH4、MAS1、MCF2、MLLT1/MLL、MLLT2/HRX、MTG8/RUNX1、MYCLK1、MYH11/CBFB、NFKB2、NOTCH1、NPM1/ALK、NRG/REL、NTRK1、PBX1/TCF3、PML/RARA、PRCA1、RUNX1、RUNX1/CBFA2T1、SET、TCF3/PBX1、TGFB1、TLX1、P53、WNT1、WNT2、 WT1、αv-β3、PKCα、TNFα、クラスタリン、サバイビン、TGFβ、c-fos、c-SRC、およびINT-1が挙げられる。
本発明は癌遺伝子の標的化に限定されない。本発明の方法および組成物はその発現の下方制御が望ましいあらゆる遺伝子 の標的化に有用である。例えば、ある態様において、標的とすべき遺伝子としては、これらに限定されないが、免疫グロブリンまたは抗体遺伝子、凝固因子遺伝子、プロテアーゼ、下垂体ホルモン、プロテアーゼ阻害剤、増殖因子、ソマトメジン、ゴナドトロピン、走化性因子(chemotactin)、ケモカイン、血漿タンパク質、血漿プロテアーゼ阻害剤、インターロイキン、インターフェロン、サイトカイン、転写因子、または病原体標的 (例えば、ウイルス遺伝子、細菌遺伝子、微生物遺伝子、真菌遺伝子)が挙げられる。
ある態様において、本発明は、癌遺伝子発現の阻害のためのアンチジーンオリゴヌクレオチドを提供する。例示的なアンチジーンの設計および作成戦略を以下に記載する。以下の記載は本発明における使用に好適なアンチジーン化合物の範囲を限定する意図ではなく、その他のアンチジーンも本発明の範囲に含まれる。
bcl-2 遺伝子はP1およびP2と称される2つのプロモーターを有する。ほとんどのbcl-2 mRNAがそこから転写されるP1は翻訳開始部位のおよそ 1.4 kb 上流に位置し、P2はP1の1.3 kb 下流である ( Seto、M. et al. EMBO J. 7、123-131 (1988)参照)。P1はGC-リッチであり、TATAボックスを欠き、多くの転写開始部位を有し、SP1 転写因子についての7つのコンセンサス結合部位を含む。P2は CCAAT ボックスおよびTATA ボックスを含み、2種類の転写開始部位を有する。複数のNF-KB 認識部位および1つのSV40 エンハンサー-様オクタマーモチーフがP2内に存在する(Heckman、C.A.、et al. Oncogene 21、3898-3908 (2002) を参照)(配列番号1254を参照)。ほとんどのヒトろ胞性リンパ腫はt(14;18) 染色体転座を含み、それは3’-bcl-2 遺伝子領域限界点に起因する(Tsujimoto、Y. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A 84、1329-1331 (1987) を参照)。これらの転座は bcl-2 発現を免疫グロブリン重鎖 (IgH) 座位エンハンサーの制御下に置き、その結果、BCL2 発現の上方制御が起こる。あるいは、IgH 座位またはいくつかのDLCL リンパ腫患者単離株においてみられる2種類の免疫グロブリン軽鎖 (IgL) 座位との融合に起因する5’-bcl-2 限界点 領域が存在する(Yonetani、N. et al. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 92、933-940 (2001) を参照)。これら5’-bcl-2 限界点は翻訳開始部位の378〜2312 bp 上流に広がる領域に対して異なる異種患者単離株においてマッピングされている (配列番号1255-1266を参照)。限界点付近の領域は bcl-2 オリゴヌクレオチド設計について使用できる配列でありうる。
オリゴヌクレオチドは、c-ki-ras、c-Ha-ras、c-myc、her-2、TGF-α、またはbcl-2 遺伝子の上流領域にハイブリダイズするあらゆるオリゴマーを含みうる。本発明の目的のため、これら上流領域は、配列番号1 (her-2、またはc-erb-2について)、配列番号282 (c-ki-rasについて)、配列番号462 (c-Ha-rasについて)、配列番号936 (c-mycについて)、配列番号1081 (TGF-αについて) および配列番号1249 および1254 (bcl-2について)として規定される。
ある態様において、癌遺伝子のプロモーター領域内にある領域がオリゴヌクレオチドのハイブリダイゼーションのための領域としてさらに規定される。ある態様において、これら領域は「ホットゾーン」と称される。
一つの側面において、オリゴヌクレオチドは生理条件下で以下の配列にハイブリダイズするあらゆるオリゴマーであり得る: 配列番号1、配列番号282、配列番号462、配列番号936、配列番号1081、配列番号1249または配列番号1254。別の側面において、オリゴヌクレオチドは、配列番号1、配列番号282、配列番号462、配列番号936、配列番号1081および配列番号1249における例示的なホットゾーンに生理条件下でハイブリダイズするあらゆるオリゴマーであり得る。オリゴマーの例としては、これらに限定されないが、配列番号 2-281、283-461、463-935、937-1080、1082-1248、1250-1253および1267-1477に示すオリゴマーおよびそれらの相補鎖が挙げられる。別の側面において、オリゴヌクレオチドは配列番号 2-22、283-301、463-503、937-958、1082-1109、1250-1254 および1270-1477 およびそれらの相補鎖である。これらの側面の1つの態様において、オリゴヌクレオチドは15-35 塩基対の長さである。
オリゴヌクレオチド合成の既知のあらゆる方法を本発明の修飾オリゴヌクレオチドの調製に用いることが出来る。ある態様において本発明の教示に従い、メチル化オリゴヌクレオチドを用いて、ヌクレオチド、dCが適宜5-メチル-dCに置換される。本発明の修飾または非修飾オリゴヌクレオチドはもっとも便宜にはいずれかの市販の自動核酸合成機を用いて調製される。それらは顧客の指示にしたがってオリゴヌクレオチドを注文合成する市販源から得ることが出来る。
[式中:
Bは核酸塩基を構成する;
Z* はヌクレオシド間結合および末端基から選択される;
Z は先行するヌクレオチド/ヌクレオシドのヌクレオシド間結合に対する結合および末端基から選択され、ただし、Zと Z*との一方のみが末端基であり得る;
Xおよび Yは独立に、-O-、-S-、-N(H)-、-N(R)-、-CH2-または-C(H)=、 CH2-O-、-CH2-S-、-CH2-N(H)-、-CH2-N(R)-、-CH2-CH2- または-CH2-C(H)=、-CH=CH- から選択される;
ただし、XおよびYは両方がOであることはない]。
ある態様において、本発明は、遺伝子(例えば、癌遺伝子)の調節領域に向けられた2以上のオリゴヌクレオチドを含む混合物を提供する。ある態様において、2以上のオリゴヌクレオチドは同じ遺伝子の調節領域の異なる領域にハイブリダイズする。別の態様において、2以上のオリゴヌクレオチドは2種類の遺伝子の調節領域にハイブリダイズする。本発明は特定の機構に限定されない。実際、機構の理解は本発明の実施に必須ではない。しかし、2以上の本発明の化合物の組合せは、別々に投与された化合物のそれぞれの相加的阻害よりも大きな癌細胞増殖の阻害を提供すると考えられる。
配列番号1:c-erb-2 (her-2) 上流領域
配列番号2-281:c-erb-2 (her-2) オリゴヌクレオチド
配列番号282:c-ki-ras 上流領域
配列番号283-461:c-ki-ras オリゴヌクレオチド
配列番号462:c-Ha-ras 上流領域
配列番号463-935:c-Ha-ras オリゴヌクレオチド
配列番号936:c-myc 上流領域
配列番号937-1080:c-myc オリゴヌクレオチド
配列番号1081:TGF-α 上流領域
配列番号1082-1248:TGF-α オリゴヌクレオチド
配列番号1249:bcl-2 上流領域
配列番号1250:PNT-100 オリゴヌクレオチドメチル化
配列番号1251:PNT-100 オリゴヌクレオチド 非メチル化
配列番号1252:bcl-2 オリゴヌクレオチド メチル化
配列番号1253:bcl-2 オリゴヌクレオチド 非メチル化
配列番号1254:bcl-2 二次 プロモーター配列
配列番号1255-1266:bcl-2 配列
配列番号1250-1254および1267-1477;bcl-2 オリゴヌクレオチド
配列番号1448-1461:bcl-2 コントロールオリゴヌクレオチド
本発明の化学療法薬は、あらゆる好適な化学療法薬剤または化学療法薬剤の組合せ(例えば、混合物)を含みうる。例示的な化学療法薬としては、これらに限定されないが、アルキル化剤、白金、代謝拮抗薬、アントラサイクリン、タキサン、カンプトテシン、ニトロソウレア、EGFR 阻害剤、抗生物質、HER2/neu 阻害剤、血管新生阻害剤、キナーゼ阻害剤、プロテアソーム阻害剤、免疫治療薬、ホルモン治療薬、光線力学的治療薬、癌ワクチン、ヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤、スフィンゴ脂質調節物質、オリゴマー、その他の未分類の化学療法薬剤およびそれらの組合せが挙げられる。
アルキル化剤はDNA上の負に荷電した部位(例えば、酸素、窒素、リンおよび硫黄原子)に攻撃し、DNAに結合して、複製、転写および塩基対形成を変化させると考えられる化学療法薬である。DNAのアルキル化はまた、 DNA 鎖破壊およびDNA 鎖架橋も導くと考えられている。このようにDNAを変化させることにより、細胞活性は有効に停止され、癌細胞が死滅する。一般的なアルキル化剤としては、これらに限定されないが、プロカルバジン、イフォスファミド、シクロフォスファミド、メルファラン、クロラムブシル、ダカルバジン(Decarbazine)、ブスルファン、チオテパ等が挙げられる。アルキル化剤、例えば、上記のものは、1以上のその他のアルキル化剤および/または異なるクラスの1以上の化学療法薬と組合せて利用できる。
白金化学療法薬はDNA 合成、転写および機能をDNA サブユニットを架橋することにより阻害すると考えられている(架橋はDNAの2鎖の間または1つの鎖内に起こりうる)。一般的な白金化学療法薬としては、これらに限定されないが、シスプラチン、カルボプラチン、オキサリプラチン、エロキサチン等が挙げられる。白金化学療法薬、例えば、上記のものは1以上のその他の白金および/または1以上の異なるクラスの化学療法薬と組合せて利用できる。
代謝拮抗薬である化学療法薬は、新しいDNAを作るのに必要なものなどの正常代謝経路に干渉すると考えられている。一般的な代謝拮抗薬としては、これらに限定されないが、メトトレキサート 、5-フルオロウラシル(例えば、カペシタビン)、ゲムシタビン (2′-デオキシ-2′,2′-ジフルオロシチジンモノヒドロクロリド(β-異性体)、Eli Lilly)、6-メルカプトプリン、6-チオグアニン、フルダラビン、クラドリビン、シタラビン、テガフール、ラルチトレキセド、シトシンアラビノシド等が挙げられる。硝酸ガリウムはリボヌクレオチドレダクターゼを阻害するさらなる代謝拮抗薬である。代謝拮抗薬、例えば、上記のものは1以上のその他の代謝拮抗薬および/または 1以上の異なるクラスの化学療法薬と組合せて利用できる。
アントラサイクリンは、遊離酸素ラジカルの形成を促進すると考えられている。かかるラジカルの結果、DNA 鎖が破壊され、次いでDNA 合成および機能が阻害される。アントラサイクリンはまた、酵素トポイソメラーゼを、酵素とDNAとの複合体の形成により阻害すると考えられている。一般的なアントラサイクリンとしては、これらに限定されないが、ダウノルビシン、ドキソルビシン、イダルビシン、エピルビシン、ミトキサントロン、アドリアマイシン、ブレオマイシン、マイトマイシン-C、ダクチノマイシン、ミトラマイシン等が挙げられる。アントラサイクリン、例えば、上記のものは、1以上のその他のアントラサイクリンおよび/または1以上の異なるクラスの化学療法薬と組合せて利用できる。
タキサンは、細胞周期のM期に微小管に高い親和性にて結合し、その正常機能を阻害すると考えられている。一般的なタキサンとしては、これらに限定されないが、パクリタキセル、ドセタキセル、タキソテール、タキソール、タキサズム、7-エピパクリタキセル、t-アセチル パクリタキセル、10-デスアセチル-パクリタキセル、10-デスアセチル-7-エピパクリタキセル、7-キシロシルパクリタキセル、10-デスアセチル-7-エピパクリタキセル、7-N-N-ジメチルグリシルパクリタキセル、7-L-アラニルパクリタキセル等が挙げられる。タキサン、例えば、上記のものは、1以上のその他のタキサンおよび/または1以上の異なるクラスの化学療法薬と組合せて利用できる。
カンプトテシンはトポイソメラーゼおよびDNAと複合体を形成し、その結果この酵素の機能の阻害を導くと考えられている。さらにトポイソメラーゼの存在は進行中のDNA 合成に必要であると考えられている。一般的なカンプトテシンとしては、これらに限定されないが、イリノテカン、トポテカン、エトポシド、ビンカアルカロイド(例えば、ビンクリスチン、ビンブラスチンまたはビノレルビン)、アムサクリン、テニポシド等が挙げられる。カンプトテシン、例えば、上記のものは、1以上のその他のカンプトテシンおよび/または1以上の異なるクラスの化学療法薬と組合せて利用できる。
ニトロソウレアは、DNA 修復に必要な変化を阻害すると考えられている。一般的なニトロソウレアとしては、これらに限定されないが、カルムスチン (BCNU)、ロムスチン (CCNU)、セムスチン等が挙げられる。ニトロソウレア、例えば、上記のものは1以上のその他のニトロソウレアおよび/または1以上の異なるクラスの化学療法薬と組合せて利用できる。
EGFR (即ち、上皮増殖因子受容体) 阻害剤は、EGFRを阻害し、細胞増殖および分化を含む細胞応答を干渉すると考えられている。EGFR 阻害剤には1以上の EGFRの機能または産生を阻害する分子が含まれる。それらにはEGFRの低分子阻害剤、EGFRに対する抗体、アンチセンスオリゴマー、RNAi 阻害剤およびEGFRの発現を低下させるその他のオリゴマーが含まれる。一般的な EGFR 阻害剤としては、これらに限定されないが、ゲフィチニブ、エルロチニブ(Tarceva(登録商標))、セツキシマブ(Erbitux(登録商標))、パニツムマブ (Vectibix(商標)、Amgen) ラパチニブ (GlaxoSmithKline)、CI1033または PD183805または カンテルニブ (6-アクリルアミド-N-(3-クロロ-4-フルオロフェニル)-7-(3-モルホリノプロポキシ)キナゾリン-4-アミン、Pfizer)等が挙げられる。その他の阻害剤としては、 PKI-166 (4-[(1R)-1-フェニルエチルアミノ]-6-(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-7H-ピロロ[2,3-d]ピリミジン、Novartis)、CL-387785 (N-[4-(3-ブロモアニリノ)キナゾリン-6-イル]ブト-2-インアミド)、EKB-569 (4-(3-クロロ-4-フルオロアニリノ)-3-シアノ-6-(4-ジメチルアミノブト2(E)-エンアミド)-7-エトキシキノリン、Wyeth)、ラパチニブ (GW2016、GlaxoSmithKline)、EKB509 (Wyeth)、パニツムマブ (ABX-EGF、Abgenix)、マツズマブ (EMD 72000、Merck)、およびモノクローナル抗体 RH3 (New York Medical)が挙げられる。EGFR 阻害剤、例えば、上記のものは、1以上のその他の EGFR 阻害剤および/または1以上の異なるクラスの化学療法薬と組合せて利用できる。
抗生物質は、遊離酸素ラジカルの形成を促進する結果、DNAを破壊し、癌細胞死を導くと考えられている。一般的な抗生物質としては、これらに限定されないが、ブレオマイシンおよびラパマイシン等が挙げられる。マクロライド殺真菌薬であるラパマイシン (RAP、Rapamune および Sirolimusとも称される)は細胞内でイムノフィリン FK506 結合タンパク質 12 (FKBP12)と結合し、その結果生じる複合体がラパマイシンの哺乳類標的(mTOR)のセリンタンパク質キナーゼ活性を阻害する。ラパマイシンマクロライドには、ラパマイシンの天然形態ならびに mTORを標的化および阻害するラパマイシンアナログおよび誘導体が含まれる。その他のラパマイシンマクロライドとしては、これらに限定されないが、テムシロリムス(CCI-779、Wyeth))、エベロリムスおよびABT-578が挙げられる。抗生物質、例えば、上記のものは、1以上のその他の抗生物質および/または1以上の異なるクラスの化学療法薬と組合せて利用できる。
HER2/neu 阻害剤は、HER2 受容体を遮断し、腫瘍生存に必要な反応カスケードを阻止すると考えられている。Her2 阻害剤としては、Her2の機能または産生を阻害する分子が含まれる。それらにはHer2の低分子阻害剤、Her2に対する抗体、アンチセンスオリゴマー、RNAi 阻害剤およびチロシンキナーゼ発現を低下させるその他のオリゴマーが含まれる。一般的な HER2/neu 阻害剤としては、これらに限定されないが、トラスツズマブ (Herceptin(登録商標)、Genentech) 等が挙げられる。その他の Her2/neu 阻害剤としては、二重特異性抗体 MDX-210(FCγR1-Her2/neu) およびMDX-447 (Medarex)、パーツズマブ (rhuMAb 2C4、Genentech)が挙げられる。HER2/neu 阻害剤、例えば、上記のものは1以上のその他の HER2/neu 阻害剤および/または1以上の異なるクラスの化学療法薬と組合せて利用できる。
血管新生阻害剤は、血管内皮増殖因子、即ちVEGFを阻害し、それによって腫瘍の生存に必要な新しい血管の形成を阻害すると考えられている。VEGF 阻害剤には、1以上の VEGFの機能または産生を阻害する分子が含まれる。 それらにはVEGFの低分子阻害剤、VEGFに対する抗体、アンチセンスオリゴマー、RNAi 阻害剤およびチロシンキナーゼ発現を低下させるその他のオリゴマーが含まれる。一般的な血管新生阻害剤としては、これらに限定されないが、ベバシズマブ (Avastin(登録商標)、Genentech)が挙げられる。その他の血管新生阻害剤としては、これらに限定されないが、ZD6474 (AstraZeneca)、Bay-43-9006、ソラフェニブ (Nexavar、Bayer)、セマキサミブ (SU5416、Pharmacia)、SU6668 (Pharmacia)、ZD4190 (N-(4-ブロモ-2-フルオロフェニル)-6-メトキシ-7-[2-(1H-1,2,3-トリアゾール-1-イル)エトキシ]キナゾリン-4-アミン、Astra Zeneca)、ザクチマ(商標) (ZD6474、N-(4-ブロモ-2-フルオロフェニル)-6-メトキシ-7-[2-(1H-1,2,3-トリアゾール-1-イル)エトキシ]キナゾリン-4-アミン、Astra Zeneca)、バタラニブ、(PTK787、Novartis)、モノクローナル抗体 IMC-1C11 (Imclone) 等が挙げられる。血管新生阻害剤、例えば、上記のものは、1以上のその他の血管新生阻害剤および/または1以上の異なるクラスの化学療法薬と組合せて利用できる。
EGFR、HER2 および VEGF 阻害剤に加えて、その他のキナーゼ阻害剤が化学治療薬として使用される。オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤としては、これらに限定されないが、例えば以下の化合物、 4-(4-N ベンゾイルアミノ)アニリン)-6-メトキシ-7-(3-(1-モルホリノ)プロポキシ)キナゾリン (ZM447439、Ditchfield et al.、J. Cell. Biol.、161:267-80 (2003))およびヘスペリジン(Haaf et al.、J. Cell Biol.、161: 281-94 (2003))が挙げられる。オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤としての使用に好適なその他の化合物はVankayalapati H、et al.、Mol. Cancer Ther. 2:283-9 (2003)に記載されている。SRC/Abl キナーゼ阻害剤としては、これらに限定されないが、AZD0530 (4-(6-クロロ-2,3-メチレンジオキシアニリノ)-7-[2-(4-メチルピペラジン-1-イル)エトキシ]-5-テトラシクロピラン-4-イルオキシキナゾリン)が挙げられる。チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤には1以上のチロシンキナーゼの機能または産生を阻害する分子が含まれる。それらには、チロシンキナーゼの低分子阻害剤、チロシンキナーゼに対する抗体およびアンチセンスオリゴマー、RNAi 阻害剤およびチロシンキナーゼ発現を低下させるその他のオリゴマーが含まれる。 CEP-701およびCEP-751 (Cephalon)はチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤として作用する。メシル酸イマチニブは bcr-ablのATP 結合部位への結合によりbcr-abl を阻害し、タンパク質の酵素活性を競合阻害するチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤である。イマチニブ はbcr-ablに非常に選択的であるが、その他の標的、例えば、 c-kit およびPDGF-Rも阻害する。FLT-3 阻害剤としては、これらに限定されないが、タンヅチニブ (MLN518、Millenium)、スーテント (SU11248、5- [5-フルオロ-2-オキソ-1,2- ジヒドロインドール-(3Z)-イリデンメチル]-2、4-ジメチル-1H-ピロール-3-カルボン酸 [2-ジエチルアミノエチル]アミド、Pfizer)、ミドスタウリン (4’-N-ベンゾイルスタウロスポリン、Novartis)、レフルノミド (SU101) 等が挙げられる。MEK 阻害剤としては、これらに限定されないが、2-(2-クロロ-4-ヨード-フェニルアミノ)-N-シクロプロピルメトキシ-3,4-ジフルオロ-ベンズアミド) (PD184352/CI-1044、Pfizer)、PD198306 (Pfizer)、PD98059 (2’-アミノ-3’-メトキシフラボン)、UO126 (Promega)、発酵微生物抽出物由来のRo092210 (Roche)、レゾルシクリック酸 ラクトン、微生物抽出物から単離されたL783277(Merck) 等が挙げられる。チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤、例えば、上記のものは、1以上のその他のチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤および/または1以上の異なるクラスの化学療法薬と組合せて利用できる。
プロテアソーム阻害剤は、破壊のための印のつけられたタンパク質のいくつかの分解を阻害すると考えられている。この結果、増殖停止または細胞死が起こる。一般的なプロテアソーム阻害剤としては、これらに限定されないが、ボルテゾミブ、オルテゾミブ等が挙げられる。プロテアソーム阻害剤、例えば、上記のものは1以上のその他のプロテアソーム阻害剤および/または1以上の異なるクラスの化学療法薬と組合せて利用できる。
免疫治療薬は、特異的標的に結合およびブロックし、腫瘍細胞増殖に必要な一連の現象を破壊させると考えられている。一般的な免疫治療薬としては、これらに限定されないが、リツキシマブおよびCD20に対するその他の抗体、Campath-1HおよびCD-50に対するその他の抗体、エピラツズマブおよびCD-22に対するその他の抗体、ガリキシマブおよびCD-80に対するその他の抗体、アポリズマブ HU1D10およびHLA-DRに対するその他の抗体等が挙げられる。放射性同位体を抗体とコンジュゲートさせて放射免疫療薬としてもよい。2つのかかる抗-CD20製品はトシツモマブ (Bexxar) およびイブリツモマブ (Zevalin)である。免疫治療薬、例えば、上記のものは、1以上のその他の免疫治療薬および/または1以上の異なるクラスの化学療法薬と組合せて利用できる。
ホルモン治療薬は、細胞受容体を遮断し、ホルモンのインビボ産生を阻害し、および/または、細胞上のホルモン受容体を排除または修飾し、それらの結果、腫瘍増殖が遅延または停止されると考えられている。一般的なホルモン治療薬としては、これらに限定されないが、抗エストロゲン(例えば、タモキシフェン、トレミフェン、フルベストラント、ラロキシフェン、ドロロキシフェン、イドキシフェン等)、プロゲストーゲン(例えば、メゲストロール酢酸エステル等)、アロマターゼ阻害剤 (例えば、アナストロゾール、レトロゾール、エキセメスタン、ボロゾール、エキセメスタン、ファドロゾール、アミノグルテチミド、エキセメスタン、1-メチル-1,4-アンドロスタジエン-3,17-ジオン等)、抗-アンドロゲン(例えば、ビカルタミド、ニルタミド、フルタミド、シプロテロン酢酸エステル等)、黄体ホルモン放出ホルモンアゴニスト (LHRH アゴニスト)(例えば、ゴセレリン、リュープロリド、ブセレリン等); 5-α-レダクターゼ阻害剤、例えば、フィナステリド、等が挙げられる。ホルモン治療薬、例えば、上記のものは1以上のその他のホルモン治療薬および/または1以上の異なるクラスの化学療法薬と組合せて利用できる。
光線力学的治療薬は光感作薬を特定の波長の光に曝して癌細胞を死滅させる。一般的な光線力学的治療薬としては、例えば、ポルフィマーナトリウム (例えば、Photofrin(登録商標))等が挙げられる。光線力学的治療薬、例えば、上記のものは、1以上のその他の光線力学的治療薬および/または1以上の異なるクラスの化学療法薬と組合せて利用できる。
癌ワクチンは、全不活化腫瘍細胞、全タンパク質、ペプチド断片、ウイルスベクター等を用いて癌細胞を標的とする免疫応答を生じさせると考えられている。一般的な癌ワクチンとしては、これらに限定されないが、修飾腫瘍細胞、ペプチドワクチン、樹状ワクチン、ウイルスベクターワクチン、熱ショックタンパク質ワクチン等が挙げられる。
ヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤は転写活性を調節することができ、したがって、血管新生および細胞周期をブロックし、アポトーシスおよび分化を促進することが出来る。ヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤としては、これらに限定されないが、SAHA (スベロイルアニリドヒドロキサム酸)、デプシペプチド (FK288)およびアナログ、Pivanex (Titan)、CI994 (Pfizer)、MS275 PXD101 (CuraGen、TopoTarget) MGCD0103 (MethylGene)、LBH589、NVP-LAQ824 (Novartis) 等が挙げられ、化学療法薬として用いられてきた。ヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤、例えば、上記のものは、1以上のその他のヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤および/または1以上の異なるクラスの化学療法薬と組合せて利用できる。
スフィンゴ脂質代謝の調節物質はアポトーシスを誘導することが示されている。概説として、N.S. Radin、Biochem J、371:243-56 (2003); D.E. Modrak、et al.、Mol. Cancer Ther、5:200-208 (2006)、K. Desai、et al.、Biochim Biophys Acta、1585:188-92 (2002) および C.P. Reynolds、et al. and Cancer Lett、206、169-80 (2004)を参照されたい。これらはすべて引用により本明細書に含める。スフィンゴ脂質代謝に関与する様々な酵素の調節物質および阻害剤は化学治療薬として利用できる。
本発明のオリゴヌクレオチドに加えて、その他のオリゴヌクレオチドが癌治療薬として用いられている。それらには、ジェナセンス (オブリメルセン、G3139、Genta)、bcl-2およびG4460を標的とする アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド (LR3001、Genta) 、c-mybを標的とするその他のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドが含まれる。その他のオリゴマーとしては、これらに限定されないが、siRNA、デコイ、RNAi オリゴヌクレオチド等が挙げられる。オリゴヌクレオチド、例えば、上記のものは、1以上のその他のオリゴヌクレオチド阻害剤および/または1以上の異なるクラスの化学療法薬と組合せて利用できる。
さらなる未分類の化学療法薬を以下の表2に記載する。
表 2 さらなる未分類の化学療法薬
化学療法薬は上記の2以上の化学療法薬剤の混合物を含みうる。ある態様において、化学療法薬は、アルキル化剤、白金、代謝拮抗薬、アントラサイクリン、タキサン、カンプトテシン、ニトロソウレア、EGFR 阻害剤、抗生物質、HER2/neu 阻害剤、血管新生阻害剤、キナーゼ阻害剤、プロテアソーム阻害剤、免疫治療薬、ホルモン治療薬、光線力学的治療薬、癌ワクチン、スフィンゴ脂質調節物質、オリゴマーまたはそれらの組合せの2以上を含む混合物である。
本発明のある態様において、放射線療法がオリゴヌクレオチド化合物の投与に加えて施される。放射線療法は外部および内部放射線治療法の両方を含む。
外部放射線治療法は高エネルギー線 (例えば、x-線、ガンマ線等) または粒子(アルファ粒子、ベータ粒子、プロトン、中性子等)を癌およびその周囲の正常組織に向けることを含む。放射線は直線加速器と称される装置内で患者の体の外側で生じる。外部放射線治療法は化学療法、外科手術またはオリゴヌクレオチド化合物と組み合わせることが出来る。
内部放射線治療法には癌細胞に可能な限り近くで体内に高エネルギー線源を配置することを含む。内部放射線治療法は、外部放射線治療法、化学療法または外科手術と組み合わせることが出来る。
本発明の別の態様において、外科手術が患者から癌組織を除くのに用いられる。癌組織はあらゆる好適な外科手順、例えば、腹腔鏡検査、メス、レーザー、ハサミ等を用いて患者から摘出することが出来る。ある態様において、外科手術は化学療法と組み合わされる。別の態様において、外科手術は放射線療法と組み合わされる。さらに別の態様において、外科手術は化学療法と放射線療法との両方と組み合わされる。
本発明の一つの側面において、医薬組成物は1以上のオリゴヌクレオチド化合物および化学療法薬を含む。例えば、医薬組成物は、配列番号1250、1251、1252、または1253を有するオリゴヌクレオチド化合物;およびアルキル化剤、白金、代謝拮抗薬、アントラサイクリン、タキサン、カンプトテシン、ニトロソウレア、EGFR 阻害剤、抗生物質、HER2/neu 阻害剤、血管新生阻害剤、プロテアソーム阻害剤、免疫療法薬、ホルモン療法薬、光線力学的療法薬、癌ワクチン、その他の化学療法薬、例えば、表1に示すもの、またはそれらの組合せの1以上を含む。
本発明の組成物は、経口的に、非経口的に、吸入スプレーにより、局所的に、直腸に、経鼻的に、眼内に、頬側に、経腟的に、または埋め込みリザーバを介して投与することができる。「非経口」という用語は、本明細書において用いる場合、皮下、静脈内、筋肉内、関節内、滑膜内、頬骨内、髄腔内、肝臓内、病巣内および頭蓋内注射または注入技術を含む。好ましくは、組成物は、経口的に、腹腔内または静脈内に投与される。本発明の組成物の無菌注射可能形態は水性または油性懸濁液であり得る。かかる懸濁液は、好適な分散剤または湿潤剤および懸濁剤を用いて当該技術分野に知られた技術にしたがって製剤できる。無菌注射可能調製物は非毒性の非経口的に許容される希釈剤または溶媒における無菌注射可能溶液または懸濁液、例えば1,3-ブタンジオール注の溶液であり得る。使用できる 許容される媒体および溶媒は特に、水、リンゲル液および等張塩化ナトリウム溶液である。さらに、無菌の固定油は溶媒または懸濁媒として常套的に用いられる。
本発明のオリゴヌクレオチド化合物は、あらゆる好適な方法を用いて送達することができる。ある態様において、裸のDNA が投与される。別の態様において、リポフェクションが対象への核酸の送達に用いられる。さらなる態様において、オリゴヌクレオチドは送達のためにホスホチオラートで修飾される(例えば、引用により本明細書に含まれる米国特許第6,169,177号を参照)。
以下の実施例は、本発明の特定の好ましい態様および側面を示し、さらに例示するために提供され、 その範囲を限定するよう解釈してはならない。
患者へのオリゴヌクレオチド化合物;リツキシマブ、シクロフォスファミド、ドキソルビシン 、ビンクリスチン、およびプレドニゾンを含む化学療法薬;および、放射線療法の投与。
患者へのオリゴヌクレオチド化合物、放射線療法および外科手術の投与。
患者へのオリゴヌクレオチド化合物、化学療法薬および放射線の投与。
患者へのオリゴヌクレオチド化合物および化学療法薬の投与。
実施例 5.
PNT-100 (配列番号1251)による腫瘍増殖の阻害をヒト PC-3 GFP 前立腺癌皮下モデルを用いて調べた(例えば、Yang et al.、Cancer Research 59、781786、[1999]; Glinskii et al.、Cancer Research 63、42394243、[2003]; および Kalikin et al.、Cancer Biology and Therapy 2:6、17-21 [2003] を参照)。
(幅 x 長さ) x 1/2
にしたがって算出した。
非ホジキン-リンパ腫モデル (NHL)を用いた。WSU-DLCL2 (Wayne State University 散在性大細胞型リンパ腫) モデルは化学物質耐性の高悪性度のヒト散在性大細胞型リンパ腫の非常にしっかりとしたモデルである。それは Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State UniversityのDr. Ramzi Mohammad およびDr. Al-Katibおよび同僚から得た(Al-Katib、AM、et al.、Clin. Cancer Res. 4、1305-1314 (1998); Mohammad、R、et al.、Clin. Cancer Res. 8、1277-1283 (2002); Mohammad、RM、et al.、Mol. Cancer Ther.、4、13-21 (2005); Mohammad、RM、et al.、Clin. Cancer Res. 6、4950-4956、(2000) を参照)。研究を一日用量の5 mg/kg PNT-100 (配列番号1251)を5回投与するよう設計し、および特定のコホートにおいてはビンクリスチンとの組合せ療法とした。1用量のPNT-100の後、注目すべき重量低下が PNT100およびPNT-1 (配列番号1488)を注射された動物において観察された。データは、 WSU-DLCL2 移植の20 日後にPNT-100および PNT-1による組合せ療法によって腫瘍負荷が低下したことを示した。結果は、PNT-100は単独で、およびビンクリスチンと組合せてマウスにおける腫瘍の増殖を低下させることを示す。
異種移植片をヌードマウスにおける2x106 PC-3 細胞の皮下注射により作成した。6:1 PNT100:NeoPhectin AT 電荷比を実施例 6に記載のように調製した。50-100 mm3 異種移植片を担持するマウスの静脈内に1 mg/kg PNT-100 + NeoPhectin ATを5 日間毎日投与し、また、2日目に10 mg/kg 5日目に 5 m/kg のタキソテール(商標)も投与した。腫瘍応答をノギスでのモニターによって測定した。結果を図 3に示し、これはPNT-100 とタキソテール(商標) が、PNT-100 またはタキソテール(商標) のみよりもより有効であることを示す。
異種移植片をヌードマウスにおける2x106 PC-3 細胞の皮下注射により作成した。PNT-100をモル比 6/24/47/23のPOPC/DOPE/MoChol/CHEMSの脂質製剤中に製剤した(米国特許出願第2003/0099697、2004/40120997、2004/0131666号 および国際公開WO/05/094783を参照、これらはすべて引用により本明細書に含める)。リポソームの平均サイズは160 nm未満であり、リポソーム混合物中のPNT-100濃度は約 2 mg/mlである。2種類のバッチのリポソーム PNT-100を用い、それらは340.8および340.9であった。50-200 mm3 異種移植片を担持するマウスに1日目に PNT-100 (配列番号1251) またはPNT100R (配列番号1288)を投与した。 用量は1、2、および5日目に10 mg/kg であり3 および 4日目は7.5 mg/kgであった。ドセタキセル用量は2日目に10 mg/kgであり、5日目に5 mg/kgであった。スチューデントのt検定を用いるマンホイットニー分析を95% 信頼度にて行った。340.8 + ドセタキセル以外ではN = 5であり、340.8 + ドセタキセルではN = 4であった。結果を図 4に示し、これはPNT-100またはドセタキセルのみと比較してPNT-100 + ドセタキセルによる方が、腫瘍サイズが低下したことを示す。
WSU-DLCL2 細胞による異種移植片を4-6 週齡のC.B-17 SCID マウスにおいて先の実施例に記載のように作成した。リポソーム PNT-100を実施例 9のように製剤し、これは類似の性質を有し、ml当たり2 mg PNT-100 の濃度であった。ヒト医薬等級のリツキシマブ (Biogen Idec-Genentech) はKarmanos Cancer Instituteにより提供された。マウスを表4のように処理した。
式1/2(a x b2)
を用いて計算し、ここでbは2つの垂直の直径のうち小さい方である。動物を個々の動物の腫瘍負荷が2000 mm3 に達するか、または研究を腫瘍外套針の後、81 日にて完了した場合に、屠殺した。
ダウディ細胞はバーキットリンパ腫のモデルである。ダウディ細胞による異種移植片を先の実施例に記載のようにマウスにおいて作成した。リポソーム PNT-100 を実施例 9のように製剤し、類似の性質を有しており、ml当たり2.4 mg PNT-100の濃度であった。マウスを10群に分け、表 5のように処理した。
スケジュール 2は、2.5週間、1週間に2回のリツキシマブの静脈内送達であり全部で5回の注射である。
本発明をその詳細な説明によって記載してきたが、上記の記載は本発明を説明する目的であって範囲を限定する意図ではなく、発明の範囲は添付の請求の範囲によって規定されることを理解されたい。その他の側面、利点および修飾は請求の範囲の範囲内である。
Claims (60)
- オリゴヌクレオチド化合物および化学療法薬を含む医薬組成物、ここで、オリゴヌクレオチド化合物は、配列番号1249、配列番号936 またはそれらの相補鎖に生理条件下でハイブリダイズするいずれのオリゴマーでもよい。
- 化学療法薬が代謝拮抗薬を含む請求項 1の組成物。
- 代謝拮抗薬がさらにメトトレキサート 、5-フルオロウラシル、ゲムシタビン、6-メルカプトプリン、6-チオグアニン、フルダラビン、クラドリビン、シタラビン、またはそれらの組合せを含む請求項 2の組成物。
- 化学療法薬がアントラサイクリンを含む請求項 1の組成物。
- アントラサイクリンがさらにダウノルビシン 、ドキソルビシン 、イダルビシン、エピルビシン、ミトキサントロン またはそれらの組合せを含む請求項 4の組成物。
- 化学療法薬がタキサンを含む請求項 1の組成物。
- タキサンがさらにパクリタキセル、ドセタキセル、タキソテール、タキソールまたはそれらの組合せを含む請求項 6の組成物。
- 化学療法薬がカンプトテシンを含む請求項 1の組成物。
- カンプトテシンがさらにイリノテカン、トポテカン、エトポシド、ビンクリスチン、ビンブラスチン、ビノレルビン、またはそれらの組合せを含む請求項 8の組成物。
- 化学療法薬がEGFR 阻害剤を含む請求項 1の組成物。
- EGFR 阻害剤がさらにゲフィチニブ、エルロチニブ 、セツキシマブまたはそれらの組合せを含む請求項 10の組成物。
- 化学療法薬が1以上の免疫治療薬を含む請求項 1の組成物 。
- 免疫治療薬がさらにリツキシマブ、トシツモマブ、イブリツモマブ、ベバシズマブまたはそれらの組合せを含む請求項 12の組成物。
- 化学療法薬が1以上のキナーゼ阻害剤を含む請求項 1の組成物。
- キナーゼ阻害剤がメシル酸イマチニブ、レフルノミド、ミドスタウリンまたはそれらの組合せを含む請求項 14の組成物。
- 化学療法薬が免疫治療薬、アルキル化剤、アントラサイクリン、カンプトテシンおよびプレドニゾンを含む混合物を含む請求項 1の組成物。
- 化学療法薬がリツキシマブ、アルキル化剤、アントラサイクリン、カンプトテシンおよびプレドニゾンを含む混合物を含む請求項 16の組成物。
- 化学療法薬がリツキシマブ、シクロフォスファミド、アントラサイクリン、カンプトテシンおよびプレドニゾンを含む混合物を含む請求項 17の組成物。
- 化学療法薬がリツキシマブ、シクロフォスファミド、ドキソルビシン 、ビンクリスチンおよびプレドニゾンを含む混合物である請求項 18の組成物。
- オリゴマーが配列番号1249のヌクレオチド 500-2026またはその相補鎖に生理条件下でハイブリダイズするオリゴマーを含む請求項 1-19のいずれかの組成物。
- オリゴマーが配列番号1249のヌクレオチド 500-1525またはその相補鎖に生理条件下でハイブリダイズするオリゴマーを含む請求項 1-19のいずれかの組成物。
- オリゴマーが配列番号1249のヌクレオチド 800-1225またはその相補鎖に生理条件下でハイブリダイズするオリゴマーを含む請求項 1-19のいずれかの組成物。
- オリゴマーが配列番号1249のヌクレオチド 900-1125またはその相補鎖に生理条件下でハイブリダイズするオリゴマーを含む請求項 1-19のいずれかの組成物。
- オリゴマーが配列番号1249のヌクレオチド 950-1075またはその相補鎖に生理条件下でハイブリダイズするオリゴマーを含む請求項 1-19のいずれかの組成物。
- オリゴマーが配列番号1249のヌクレオチド 970-1045またはその相補鎖に生理条件下でハイブリダイズするオリゴマーを含む請求項 1-19のいずれかの組成物。
- オリゴマーが配列番号1250、1251、1252、1253、1267-1477 またはそれらの相補鎖からなる群から選択されるオリゴマーを含む請求項 1-19のいずれかの組成物。
- オリゴマーが配列番号1250、1251、1267、1268、1276、1277、1285、1286 またはそれらの相補鎖からなる群から選択されるオリゴマーを含む請求項 1-19のいずれかの組成物。
- オリゴマーが配列番号1250、1251、1289-1358 またはそれらの相補鎖からなる群から選択されるオリゴマーを含む請求項 1-19のいずれかの組成物。
- オリゴマーが配列番号1250または1251を含む請求項 1-19のいずれかの組成物。
- オリゴマーが配列番号936のヌクレオチド 1-650またはその相補鎖に生理条件下でハイブリダイズするオリゴマーを含む請求項 1-19のいずれかの組成物。
- オリゴマーが配列番号940または943を含む請求項 1-19のいずれかの組成物。
- さらなるオリゴマーをさらに含む請求項 1-31のいずれかの組成物。
- さらなるオリゴマーが配列番号1250-1253および1267-1477のいずれかを含む請求項 32の組成物。
- さらなるオリゴマーが配列番号940 または配列番号943を含む請求項 32の組成物。
- 第二のオリゴマーが配列番号2-281、283-461、463-935、937-1080、および1082-1248からなる群から選択される請求項 32の組成物。
- オリゴヌクレオチドが15〜35 塩基対の長さである請求項 1-33のいずれかの組成物。
- オリゴヌクレオチドがホスホロチオラートバックボーンを有する請求項 1-36のいずれかの組成物。
- 以下の工程を含む癌を治療する方法:
(a)患者に有効量の配列番号1249、配列番号936 またはそれらの相補鎖に生理条件下でハイブリダイズするオリゴマーを含むオリゴヌクレオチド化合物を投与する工程;および
(b)患者に有効量の化学療法薬を投与する工程。 - 化学療法薬がリツキシマブ、シクロフォスファミド、アントラサイクリン、カンプトテシンおよびプレドニゾンを含む混合物を含む請求項 38の方法。
- 化学療法薬がリツキシマブを含む請求項 38の方法。
- 患者にさらに放射線療法を施すことを含む請求項 38の方法。
- 患者から癌組織を摘出することをさらに含む請求項 38の方法。
- オリゴマーが配列番号1249のヌクレオチド 500-2026またはその相補鎖に生理条件下でハイブリダイズするオリゴマーを含む請求項 38-42のいずれかの方法。
- オリゴマーが配列番号1249のヌクレオチド 500-1525またはその相補鎖に生理条件下でハイブリダイズするオリゴマーを含む請求項 38-42のいずれかの方法。
- オリゴマーが配列番号1249のヌクレオチド 800-1225またはその相補鎖に生理条件下でハイブリダイズするオリゴマーを含む請求項 38-42のいずれかの方法。
- オリゴマーが配列番号1249のヌクレオチド 900-1125またはその相補鎖に生理条件下でハイブリダイズするオリゴマーを含む請求項 38-42のいずれかの方法。
- オリゴマーが配列番号1249のヌクレオチド 950-1075またはその相補鎖に生理条件下でハイブリダイズするオリゴマーを含む請求項 38-42のいずれかの方法。
- オリゴマーが配列番号1249のヌクレオチド 970-1045またはその相補鎖に生理条件下でハイブリダイズするオリゴマーを含む請求項 38-42のいずれかの方法。
- オリゴマーが配列番号1250、1251、1252、1253、1267-1477 またはそれらの相補鎖からなる群から選択されるオリゴマーを含む請求項 38-42のいずれかの方法。
- オリゴマーが配列番号1250、1251、1267、1268、1276、1277、1285、1286 またはそれらの相補鎖からなる群から選択されるオリゴマーを含む請求項 38-42のいずれかの方法。
- オリゴマーが配列番号1250、1251、1289-1358 またはそれらの相補鎖からなる群から選択されるオリゴマーを含む請求項 38-42のいずれかの方法。
- オリゴマーが配列番号1250 または1251を含む請求項 38-42のいずれかの方法。
- オリゴマーが配列番号940または943を含む請求項 38-42のいずれかの方法。
- さらなるオリゴマーをさらに含む請求項 38-42のいずれかの方法。
- さらなるオリゴマーが配列番号1250-1253および1267-1477のいずれかを含む請求項 54の方法。
- オリゴマーが配列番号940 または943を含む請求項 54の方法。
- 第二のオリゴマーが配列番号2-281、283-461、463-935、937-1080、および1082-1248 からなる群から選択される請求項 54の方法。
- オリゴヌクレオチドが15 〜 35 塩基対の長さである請求項 38-57のいずれかの方法。
- オリゴヌクレオチドがホスホロチオラートバックボーンを有する請求項 38-58のいずれかの方法。
- 患者に有効量の配列番号1251 を含むオリゴヌクレオチド化合物を投与する工程および患者に有効量のリツキシマブを投与する工程を含む、癌を治療する方法。
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CN102821600A (zh) * | 2009-12-25 | 2012-12-12 | 药物研究私人有限公司 | 使用移植了nog确立癌细胞株的非人动物模型进行的抗癌药靶探索以及筛选方法 |
US11536713B2 (en) | 2009-12-25 | 2022-12-27 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for searching and screening for target of anti-cancer agent using non-human animal model having NOG established cancer cell line transplanted therein |
US11124773B2 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2021-09-21 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Cancer stem cell population and method for production thereof |
US11965180B2 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2024-04-23 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Cancer stem cell population and method for production thereof |
JP2014510073A (ja) * | 2011-03-11 | 2014-04-24 | マクマスター・ユニヴァーシティ | ヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤を含むワクチン接種法 |
US9821054B2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2017-11-21 | Turnstone Limited Partnership | Method of vaccination comprising a histone deacetylase inhibitor |
US10018630B2 (en) | 2011-09-07 | 2018-07-10 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Cancer stem cell isolation |
US10934351B2 (en) | 2011-10-28 | 2021-03-02 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Cancer stem cell-specific molecule |
US11858987B2 (en) | 2011-10-28 | 2024-01-02 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Cancer stem cell-specific molecule |
JP7156287B2 (ja) | 2017-08-23 | 2022-10-19 | 小野薬品工業株式会社 | Axl阻害剤を有効成分として含むがん治療剤 |
JPWO2019039525A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-23 | 2020-07-30 | 小野薬品工業株式会社 | Axl阻害剤を有効成分として含むがん治療剤 |
WO2019039525A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-23 | 2019-02-28 | 小野薬品工業株式会社 | Axl阻害剤を有効成分として含むがん治療剤 |
US11826363B2 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2023-11-28 | Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Therapeutic agent for solid cancers, which comprises Axl inhibitor as active ingredient |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2007064945A3 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
CA2631931C (en) | 2014-04-29 |
EP3000480A1 (en) | 2016-03-30 |
US20090324587A1 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
US8822646B2 (en) | 2014-09-02 |
WO2007064945A2 (en) | 2007-06-07 |
ES2548240T3 (es) | 2015-10-15 |
JP5623016B2 (ja) | 2014-11-12 |
EP1971371B1 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
US20120294851A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
CA2631931A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 |
EP1971371A2 (en) | 2008-09-24 |
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