JP2009298540A - Elongated-material stacking apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an elongated-material stacking apparatus which can shorten a falling distance of a small bundle B, thereby suppressing the damage or misalignment of elongated materials caused by their collisions with a loading block. <P>SOLUTION: The elongated-material stacking apparatus 10 stacks small bundles B of elongated materials supplied from a supply mechanism 11 on the loading block 12 and transfers a group of the stacked small bundles B to a conveyance mechanism 14 to convey them. When receiving a small bundle B supplied from the supply mechanism 11 on the loading block 12 or on the other small bundle B which has been already placed on the loading block 12, the loading block 12 is lifted up or down by a lift mechanism 13 so that the top face of the loading block 12 or the top face of the small bundle B already placed on the loading block 12 is positioned at a certain reception height H. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a long material stacking apparatus for collecting small bundles of long materials formed by bundling a predetermined number of long materials and transporting the accumulated small bundles to a large bundle bundling machine or the like. About.

Conventionally, when a long material such as a steel bar is shipped, in order to facilitate transportation and other handling, the final shipment package is shipped in large bundles regardless of its thickness. Among these large bundles, the large bundles of long diameter materials have a small number of bundles and the material itself is thick, so that the long materials are hardly entangled (so-called “twill”), and the bundling is well organized. However, for large bundles of small-sized long materials (usually those having a diameter of 16 mm or less), twill tends to occur when a large number of bundles are bundled together at one time. It is difficult and the packing is also bad.
Therefore, a small bundle is formed by bundling a predetermined number of small diameter long materials, and a large bundle is formed by bundling after a plurality of small bundles are collected.

  As an apparatus for performing such an operation, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses that a predetermined number of long materials are bundled by a small binding machine to form a small bundle, and a plurality of the small bundles are accumulated. An apparatus for conveying to a binding machine is disclosed. This apparatus includes a rack having a plurality of comb teeth protruding upward, and stacks small bundles bound by a small binding machine in a vertical row between the comb teeth of the rack positioned below the rack. Then, after a small bundle is loaded between all the comb teeth by moving the rack in the horizontal direction, a small bundle group of all the rows stacked in the rack is placed on the roller conveyor by moving the rack vertically downward. The comb teeth are pulled out from the small bundle group while being transferred, and the small bundle group is conveyed to the large binding machine in the next process.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-38093

  In the apparatus described in Patent Document 1, a small bundle is dropped from a small binding machine above the rack and loaded on the rack while the rack is arranged at a certain height. Therefore, the rack must be arranged at a position away from the small binding machine in anticipation of at least the stacking height of the small bundle. As a result, the maximum drop distance of the small bundle from the small binding machine to the rack becomes large, the long material is damaged by the collision with the rack, the quality is deteriorated, and the long material is disturbed such as twill and uneven end faces. Is more likely to occur.

Further, when comb teeth are pulled out from a plurality of rows of small bundles stacked between the comb teeth of the rack, a gap corresponding to the thickness of the comb teeth is generated between the small bundle groups of each row, and this gap causes There was a problem that the package after the bundling was easily collapsed.
Furthermore, since the apparatus described in Patent Document 1 moves the rack vertically downward to transfer the small bundle group onto the roller conveyor, the space required for raising and lowering the rack and the arrangement space for the raising and lowering mechanism for raising and lowering the rack It was necessary to dig deep pits in order to secure the equipment, and there was a problem that the basic construction cost of the equipment was expensive.

  The present invention makes it possible to shorten the drop distance of the small bundle from the supply mechanism for supplying the small bundle to the loading table, and to suppress the damage and disturbance of the long material due to the collision with the loading table. It is an object of the present invention to provide an elongate material accumulating apparatus capable of performing

  The stacking device for long materials according to the present invention includes a loading table on which a plurality of small bundles of long materials can be stacked in a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, and is disposed above the loading table. A supply mechanism for dropping and supplying a small bundle supplied from the supply mechanism on the loading table or on a small bundle already placed on the loading table; A lifting mechanism for raising and lowering the loading table so that the upper surface of the small bundle placed on the table is positioned at a certain receiving height; and a lowering mechanism disposed below the loading table and lowering the loading table by the lifting mechanism And a transport mechanism for receiving and transporting the small bundle group on the loading table.

  According to the long material stacking apparatus of the present invention, when the small bundle supplied from the supply mechanism is received by the upper surface of the loading table, the loading table is placed so that the upper surface of the loading table is positioned at a constant receiving height. When the small bundle supplied from the supply mechanism is received by the upper surface of the small bundle already placed on the loading table, the upper surface of the small bundle on the loading table is positioned at a certain receiving height. Lower the loading platform. Therefore, regardless of the loading height of the small bundle on the loading table, it is possible to set the receiving height of the small bundle so that the falling distance of the small bundle from the supply mechanism becomes short, and the collision with the loading table. It is possible to suppress the damage and disturbance of the long material due to.

  In the above configuration, the loading table can stack a plurality of small bundles in a plurality of stages in the vertical direction in a state in which the small bundles are arranged in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. A transport unit that transports the small bundle received in this direction and the small bundle received from the transport unit above each loading position in the parallel direction of the small bundle on the stacking table, and then the small bundle is dropped on the stacking table. It is preferable that a supply position setting unit is provided.

  According to this configuration, the supply position setting unit of the supply mechanism positions the small bundle above each placement position in the parallel direction of the small bundle on the loading table and drops the small bundle. Even if the small bundle group is not provided with comb teeth for partitioning each row, the small bundles can be stacked in a plurality of levels in the upper and lower stages in parallel. Therefore, the small bundles can be arranged in parallel without generating a large gap between the rows of the small bundle groups, and the collapse of the large bundles after the small bundle groups are bound is reduced.

  The supply position setting unit is capable of moving back and forth in the transport direction from the transport end of the transport unit, and receives and supports a small bundle transported from the transport device when advanced, and supports the small bundle supported when retracted. A support base capable of dropping the bundle, and moving forward and backward in the transport direction from the transport end of the transport unit, and moving the small bundle supported by the support base in the transport direction when advanced, A position setting tool for positioning the small bundle at each placement position in the parallel direction of the small bundle on the loading table may be provided. Thereby, it becomes possible to position the small bundle above each mounting position on the loading table and drop it with a simple configuration.

It is preferable that the elevating mechanism includes a swing frame that is provided so as to be swingable around a horizontal support shaft, and that has the loading platform at a tip portion thereof, and a drive unit that swings the swing frame. .
According to this configuration, the loading table can be moved up and down by swinging the swinging frame, and the space required for lifting and lowering the loading table and the space for arranging the lifting mechanism can be reduced in the vertical direction. Therefore, it is possible to form a shallow pit for installing the accumulation device, and to reduce the cost of foundation work for the facility.

  According to the present invention, the drop distance of a small bundle from the supply mechanism to the loading table can be shortened, and the damage and disturbance of the long material due to the collision with the loading table can be suppressed.

FIG. 1 is a side view of a long material stacking apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of the stacking apparatus.
The stacking apparatus 10 stacks a predetermined number of small bundles B of long materials formed by binding a predetermined number of long materials, and conveys the accumulated small bundles B to a large binding machine (not shown). Used for. The stacking apparatus 10 includes a supply mechanism 11 that supplies a small bundle B of long material, a loading table 12 that loads the small bundle B supplied from the supply mechanism 11, and an elevation that moves the loading table 12 up and down. A mechanism 13, a transport mechanism 14 that receives the loaded small bundle B group from the stacking platform 12 and transports it to the next large binding machine, a loading posture of the small bundle B on the loading platform 12, and a transport mechanism 14 A regulation mechanism 15 that regulates the loading posture of the small bundle B and a support frame 16 that supports these mechanisms and the like are provided.

  The supply mechanism 11 sets a supply position for a transport unit 18 that transports a small bundle B of long materials formed by a small binding machine (not shown) and a supply position for the stack 12 of the small bundle B transported by the transport unit 18. And a position setting unit 19. The conveyance unit 18 is constituted by a chain conveyor (conveyance conveyor) in which a plurality of endless chains are arranged in parallel, and conveys a small bundle B of long materials in the direction of the arrow X in a state of being orthogonal to each chain. Is configured to do.

The supply position setting unit 19 moves the small bundle B supported by the support means 21 for receiving and supporting the small bundle B conveyed from the conveyer 18 and positions the small bundle B at a predetermined supply position. Position setting means 22.
FIG. 3 is a side view showing the support means 21. The support means 21 includes a support base 23 provided to move forward and backward in the transport direction X from the transport end of the transport conveyor 18 (see FIG. 1), a guide rail 24 that supports the support base 23 so as to move forward and backward, and a support And a drive unit 25 for moving the table 23 forward and backward. The support base 23 is a rod-shaped body arranged substantially horizontally along the transport direction X, and a guide roller 27 is attached to the lower side of the rear portion of the rod-shaped body (left side portion in FIG. 3) via a bracket 26. It has been.

The guide rail 24 is composed of a pair of groove steels with the insides of the grooves facing each other, and the bracket 26 of the support base 23 is disposed between the pair of groove steels, and the support base is placed in the grooves of the pair of groove steels. 23 guide rollers 27 are arranged to be able to roll.
The drive unit 25 includes an operating arm 31 having a distal end connected to the rear end (left end) of the bracket 26 via a link 30, an operating shaft 32 to which a base end portion of the operating arm 31 is attached, and the operating shaft. 32, an operating arm 33 having a base end attached thereto, and a drive cylinder 34 having a tip of the cylinder rod connected to the tip of the operating arm 33, and the cylinder tube of the drive cylinder 34 swings against the support frame 16. It is supported freely.

  The drive cylinder 34 rotates the operating shaft 32 through the operating arm 33, and moves the support base 23 forward and backward in the transport direction X through the operating arm 31 and the link 30 attached to the operating shaft 32. As shown in FIG. 1, the support table 23 is disposed above the loading table 12 when the support table 23 has advanced to the downstream side (right side) in the transport direction X. Further, when the support base 23 is retracted to the upstream side (left side) in the transport direction X, the tip thereof is disposed upstream of the transport end of the transport conveyor 18 in the transport direction X.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the support base 23, the guide rail 24, and the operating arm 31 of the drive unit 25 constitute one support base unit 37, and this support base unit 37 is a lateral direction orthogonal to the transport direction X. Multiple sets are installed side by side. Further, the operating shaft 32 of the drive unit 25 is provided in a range extending over a plurality of sets of support base units 37, and one or more operating arms 33 and driving cylinders 34 are provided for one operating shaft 32. ing.

FIG. 4 is a side view showing the position setting means 22. The position setting means 22 includes a pusher member (position setting tool) 38 that can move forward and backward in the transport direction X from the transport end of the transport conveyor 18 (see FIG. 1), and a guide body 39 that supports the pusher member 38 so as to be movable forward and backward. And a drive unit 40 for moving the pusher member 38 back and forth.
The pusher member 38 is a rod-like body that is arranged substantially horizontally along the transport direction X, and a contact plate 41 that contacts the small bundle B is provided at the tip (right end). The guide body 39 is fixed to the support frame 16 and is formed in a cylindrical shape or the like that allows the pusher member 38 to slidably penetrate in the transport direction X.

  The drive unit 40 includes an operating arm 44 connected to the rear end portion (left end portion) of the pusher member 38 via a link 43, an operating shaft 45 to which a base end portion of the operating arm 44 is attached, and the operating shaft. 45 is provided with an operating arm 46 having a base end attached thereto, and a driving cylinder 47 having a cylinder rod connected to the distal end of the operating arm 46, and the cylinder tube of the driving cylinder 47 is fixed to the support frame 16. The support bracket 48 is swingably supported.

  The drive cylinder 47 rotates the operating shaft 45 through the operating arm 46, and moves the pusher member 38 forward and backward in the transport direction X through the operating arm 44 and the link 43 attached to the operating shaft 45. As shown in FIG. 1, the pusher member 38 pushes the small bundle B supported on the support base 23 when the pusher member 38 advances in the transport direction X, and places the small bundle B at a predetermined position above the stacking base 12. Position it. The pusher member 38 is configured to advance in three stages according to the placement position of the small bundle B on the support base 23 as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the pusher member 38, the guide body 39, and the operating arm 44 constitute a set of pusher units 51, and a plurality of the pusher units 51 are arranged side by side in the lateral direction perpendicular to the transport direction X. Has been. The operating shaft 45 of the drive unit 40 is provided in a range extending over the plurality of pusher units 51, and one or more operating arms 46 and driving cylinders 47 are provided for one operating shaft 45.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the elevating mechanism 13 includes a support shaft 53 that is horizontally disposed so as to be orthogonal to the conveyance direction X, a swing frame 54 that is swingably supported by the support shaft 53, and the swing mechanism 13. And a drive unit 55 that swings the moving frame 54 around the support shaft 53. The swing frame 54 is made of a pair of groove steels with the insides of the grooves facing each other, and the downstream end (right end) in the transport direction X is supported by the support shaft 53.

The drive unit 55 includes an operation shaft 57 rotatably supported on the support frame 16, an operation arm 58 having a base end attached to the operation shaft 57, and one end pivotally connected to the distal end of the operation arm 58. A link member 59 is provided, and the other end of the link member 59 is pivotally connected to a lower portion on the distal end side (left side) of the swing frame 54.
As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of swing frames 54 are juxtaposed in the lateral direction perpendicular to the transport direction X, and the operating shaft 57 of the drive unit 55 is provided across the plurality of swing frames 54. Yes. A driving motor 62 is connected to the end of the operating shaft 57 via a speed reducer 61, and the operating shaft 57 is rotated by the driving motor 62, whereby the operating arm 58 and the link member 59 (see FIG. 1) are connected. Thus, the swing frame 54 is swung up and down.

As shown in FIG. 1, the loading platform 12 is a rod-like body that protrudes from the tip of the swing frame 54 that constitutes the lifting mechanism 13, and is disposed above the transport mechanism 14 and below the supply mechanism 11. The loading table 12 can mount three small bundles B in parallel in the transport direction X, and can stack and stack the small bundles B in three or four stages in the vertical direction.
The base end side (right end side) of the loading table 12 is inserted into the swing frame 54, and guide rollers 64 are attached to both sides of the inserted portion. The guide roller 64 is rotatably arranged in a pair of grooved steel grooves constituting the swing frame 54, and the loading table 12 is guided by the swing frame 54 in the longitudinal direction of the swing frame 54. It can be moved.

  An erection bar 65 is attached to the top of the loading table 12. As shown in FIG. 2, the erection bar 65 is erected across a plurality of sets of loading platforms 12, and a cylinder rod of a drive cylinder 66 mounted on the upper part of any one of the swing frames 54 is connected. By actuating the drive cylinder 66, all the loading platforms 12 move forward and backward from the swing frame 54 via the erection bar 65.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the transport mechanism 14 includes a plurality of transport rollers 68 arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the small bundle B, and a drive unit 69 that rotationally drives the transport rollers 68. Yes. The plurality of transport rollers 68 are rotatably supported on the support frame 16. The drive unit 69 includes a drive motor 70 and a transmission mechanism 71 that transmits the rotation of the drive motor 70 to each conveyance roller 68. The transmission mechanism 71 includes a shaft end of each conveyance roller 68 and an output shaft of the drive motor 70. It consists of a sprocket provided at the end and a chain wound around the sprocket. By operating the transport mechanism 14, the small bundle B group placed on the transport roller 68 is transported in the arrow Y direction orthogonal to the transport direction X and supplied to a large binding machine (not shown).

  As shown in FIG. 1, the restriction mechanism 15 positions the upstream side in the transport direction X and the downstream side in the same direction X of the three rows of small bundles B placed on the loading table 12 and the transport mechanism 14. A pair of restriction members 79 and 80 for restriction are provided. As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of the pair of regulating members 79 and 80 are arranged in parallel in the lateral direction perpendicular to the transport direction X, that is, in the transport direction Y. As shown in FIG. 1, the pair of regulating members 79 and 80 is in a vertical range from a position slightly lower than the upper surface of the transport conveyor 18 of the supply mechanism 11 to the upper surface of the transport roller 68 of the transport mechanism 14. It is provided over. One regulating member 80 is provided so as to be movable in the conveying direction X manually or automatically by a motor or the like, and thereby the interval between the pair of regulating members 79 and 80 is configured to be expandable / contractable.

Hereinafter, the operation of the integrated device 10 having the above-described configuration will be described.
First, as shown in FIG. 5A, a small bundle B of long materials bound by a small binding machine is supplied to the transport conveyor 18 of the stacking apparatus 10. The bundle B is conveyed. The loading table 12 is raised to a predetermined receiving height H by the elevating mechanism 13, and the support table 23 of the support means 21 is advanced from the end of conveyance of the conveyance conveyor 18, and the pusher of the position setting means 22 is set. The member 38 is in a retracted state. The small bundle B of long materials conveyed by the conveyor 18 is transferred onto the support table 23 in the advanced state at the end of conveyance.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), the pusher member 38 of the position setting means 22 advances, and the small bundle B supported on the support base 23 is pushed rightward so as to contact the right regulating member 80. To place. Then, as shown in FIG. 5C, the support base 23 is retracted leftward, and the small bundle B supported on the support base 23 is dropped downward and supplied onto the stacking base 12.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 6A, the next small bundle B transported by the transport conveyor 18 is transferred onto the support base 23. Then, as shown in FIG. 6B, the pusher member 38 advances, and the small bundle B supported on the support base 23 is pushed rightward to be arranged at an intermediate position between the pair of regulating members 79 and 80. Then, as shown in FIG. 6C, when the support base 23 moves backward in the left direction, the small bundle B supported by the support base 23 is dropped downward and supplied onto the stacking base 12. As a result, the two small bundles B are placed in parallel on the loading table 12.

  Next, by performing the same operation as described above, the small bundle B is also placed on the left end on the loading table 12 as shown in FIGS. As a result, the three small bundles B are placed side by side on the loading table 12. When the small bundle B is supplied to the left end of the stacking base 12, the supply position of the small bundle B can be set by the left regulating member 79, and therefore the pusher member 38 does not necessarily have to be operated.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 8A, when three small bundles B are placed in parallel on the loading table 12, the upper surface of the small bundles B is positioned at a predetermined receiving height H. Then, the loading platform 12 is lowered by one stage by the elevating mechanism 13 (see FIG. 8B). Then, as shown in FIG. 8 (c), the operation of supplying a new small bundle B to the upper surface of the small bundle B already placed is continued, and the second and subsequent small bundles B are stacked. .

  As shown in FIG. 9A, when a predetermined number of small bundles B are loaded on the loading table 12, the loading table 12 descends to move the small bundles B group onto the conveyance roller 68 of the conveyance mechanism 14. (See FIG. 9B). Thereby, the small bundle group can be transported by the transport mechanism 14 in the arrow Y direction of FIG. On the other hand, after the small bundle B group is transferred onto the transport roller 68, the stacking base 12 moves backward with respect to the swing frame 54 as shown in FIG. Evacuate from below. Therefore, the loading table 12 can be raised without interfering with the small bundle B group, and the loading table 12 can be received and arranged at the height H as indicated by a two-dot chain line again.

  As described above, in the stacking apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, when the small bundle B is not placed on the loading table 12 (see FIG. 5A), the upper surface of the loading table 12 is received at a constant level. When the loading platform 12 is raised by the elevating mechanism 13 so as to be positioned at the height H, and the small bundle B is placed on the loading platform 12, the upper surface of the small bundle B on the loading platform 12 has a constant receiving height. Since the loading table 12 is lowered by the elevating mechanism 13 so as to be positioned at the height H, the receiving height H of the small bundle B is set high regardless of the loading height of the small bundle B loaded on the loading table 12. As a result, the drop distance of the small bundle B from the supply mechanism 11 can be shortened. Therefore, it becomes possible to shorten the fall distance of the small bundle B from the supply mechanism 11, and it is possible to suppress damage and disturbance of the long material due to the collision with the loading table 12.

  Further, after the small bundle B received from the transport conveyor 18 is positioned above each placement position in the parallel direction of the small bundle B on the stacking base 12 by the supply position setting unit 19 of the supply mechanism 11, Since B is dropped onto the loading table 12, a plurality of stages in a state in which the small bundles B are arranged in parallel without the comb teeth for partitioning the small bundles B for each row as in the technique of Patent Document 1. Can be loaded. Therefore, the small bundles B can be arranged in parallel without leaving a large gap on the loading table 12, and the collapse of the package after binding the large bundles is reduced.

The elevating mechanism 13 includes an oscillating frame 54 that is swingably provided around the support shaft 53, and the loading table 12 is provided at the tip of the oscillating frame 54. It is possible to reduce the required space and the arrangement space of the elevating mechanism 13 in the vertical direction, making it possible to form a shallow pit for installing the accumulation device 10 in the factory, and reducing the basic construction cost of equipment, etc. be able to.
Since the restriction mechanism 15 is configured such that the distance between the pair of restriction members 79 and 80 can be expanded and contracted, the number and size of the small bundles B arranged in parallel on the loading table 12 can be changed.

  The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and can be appropriately changed in design. For example, in operation | movement of the supply position setting part 19 shown in FIGS. 5-7, when the support stand 23 advances to the maximum, when receiving the small bundle B from the conveyance conveyor 18 (refer Fig.5 (a)). In this case, a plurality of forms are employed in the case of advancing partway (see FIG. 6A and FIG. 7A), but it may be configured to always advance to the maximum.

1 is a side view of a long material stacking apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of the integrated device shown by FIG. It is a side view which shows the support means of the integration | stacking apparatus shown by FIG. It is a side view which shows the position setting means of the integration | stacking apparatus shown by FIG. It is a side view for demonstrating operation | movement of the integrated device shown by FIG. It is a side view for demonstrating operation | movement of the integrated device shown by FIG. It is a side view for demonstrating operation | movement of the integrated device shown by FIG. It is a side view for demonstrating operation | movement of the integrated device shown by FIG. It is a side view for demonstrating operation | movement of the integrated device shown by FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Stacking device 11 Supply mechanism 12 Loading base 13 Lifting mechanism 14 Transport mechanism 18 Transport section 19 Supply position setting section 21 Support means 22 Position setting means 23 Support base 38 Pusher member (position setting tool)
54 Oscillating frame 55 Drive unit

Claims (4)

A loading table capable of stacking a plurality of small bundles of long materials in multiple stages in the vertical direction;
A supply mechanism that is disposed above the loading table and supplies a small bundle to the loading table;
When the small bundle supplied from the supply mechanism is received on the loading table or on the small bundle already placed on the loading table, the upper surface of the loading table or the small bundle already placed on the loading table An elevating mechanism for elevating the loading table so that the upper surface is positioned at a certain receiving height;
A long material comprising: a transport mechanism that is disposed below the stacking table and receives and transports a small bundle group on the stacking table by lowering the stacking table by the lifting mechanism. Integration device. The loading table can be stacked in a plurality of vertical stages in a state where a plurality of small bundles are juxtaposed in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction,
The supply mechanism includes a transport unit that transports the small bundle in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction thereof, and the small bundle received from the transport unit above each placement position in the parallel direction of the small bundle on the loading table. The long material stacking apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a supply position setting unit configured to drop the small bundle onto the loading table after being positioned. The supply position setting unit is capable of moving back and forth in the transport direction from the transport end of the transport unit, and receives and supports a small bundle transported from the transport device when advanced, and supports the small bundle supported when retracted. A support base capable of dropping the bundle;
Each of the small bundles in the parallel direction of the small bundles on the loading table can be moved in the conveyance direction when moving forward and backward in the conveyance direction from the conveyance end of the conveyance unit, and the small bundle supported by the support table is moved in the conveyance direction. The long material stacking apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a position setting tool for positioning the small bundle at the placement position.   The lifting mechanism is provided so as to be swingable around a horizontal support shaft, and includes a swing frame having the loading platform at a tip portion and a drive unit for swinging the swing frame. The long material accumulation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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