JP2009297787A - Spinning method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a spinning method capable of forming a product whose central axis inclines to the direction of the rotation axis of a workpiece in the course and at the completion of the spinning process and whose the central axis is curved. <P>SOLUTION: The workpiece 1 is mounted on a main axis 3 driven by a motor 4 with a rotation axis sensor and is rotated. A working roller 5 is moved forward or backward in the direction of the main axis and in the radial direction in synchronization with the rotation angle of the workpiece 1 so that the contact point between the workpiece 1 and the working roller 5 intersects with the centerline of the main axis at a certain inclination angle and depicts a closed orbit within a plane rotating together with the workpiece 1 on the basis of previously-stored target shape data, and the inclination angle and the position and shape of the closed orbit are continuously changed according to the target shape data. This performance forms the product whose central axis at the start of the spinning process has different angle from that in the course and at the completion of the spinning process, so that the product with a curved central axis is formed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a spinning processing method and a spinning processing apparatus.

  Spinning is a processing method in which a plate-shaped or tubular metal workpiece is rotated by a motor, and the workpiece is pressed by a roller tool to perform a forming process. In general, a spinning processing apparatus includes a main shaft for rotating a workpiece and a plurality of linear motion mechanisms crossing each other for driving a roller tool to press the workpiece.

  In the spinning process, since the workpiece is processed while rotating, the position of the processing roller in the radial direction is generally kept constant with respect to a certain feed amount of the processing roller in the main shaft direction. Therefore, conventionally, only products having an axially symmetric shape in which the cross-sectional shape orthogonal to the main axis center line is a coaxial circle can be processed.

  Spinning processing can be used to diversify the products that can be formed if a product with a curved center axis can be formed in which the center axis direction is different from the rotation axis direction of the workpiece during processing or at the end of processing. Can be expanded.

As a conventional method for forming a product having a curved central axis by spinning, for example, by tilting and translating the relative rotation axis of the workpiece with respect to the processing roller during the processing, Means has been proposed for reducing the diameter by declining the end portion with respect to the central axis of the raw tube (see Patent Document 1).
In addition, the metal tube of the roller that revolves according to the direction in which the metal tube and the processing roller are revolved relatively and the center axis of the metal tube and the revolve center axis of the roller are decentered relatively. In synchronization with the circumferential position of the metal tube, the movement of the roller relative to the metal tube in the axial direction is controlled, and the metal tube and the roller are moved relative to each other in the forming progress direction to thereby determine the metal tube. Means for deviating the angle is proposed (see Patent Document 2).

Japanese Patent No. 3390725 JP2003-181554

  However, in the above conventional technique, the processing roller relatively revolves with respect to the workpiece with a constant radius of rotation, so that the cross-sectional shape of the processing portion is still limited to a circle centered on the relative revolving axis of the processing roller. It had been.

  In the above-described conventional technology, a mechanism that changes the revolution diameter as the forming progresses while revolving the processing roller with respect to the workpiece, a mechanism that tilts and translates the workpiece, a mechanism that reciprocates the roller in the axial direction, etc. Therefore, the number of control axes is increased as compared with a normal spinning processing apparatus, and the apparatus has to be a large-scale and complicated structure.

  The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and the basics of a spinning processing apparatus comprising only a main shaft for rotating a workpiece and an intersecting linear motion mechanism for driving a roller tool. While maintaining the configuration, the shape of the cross section also includes irregular shapes such as ellipses and polygons, and the center axis direction during the processing or at the end of processing is inclined with respect to the rotation axis direction of the workpiece, and the center axis is curved It is an object of the present invention to realize a spinning processing method and a spinning processing apparatus capable of forming the product.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a spinning method in which a processing roller is pressed against a rotating plate-shaped or tubular metal workpiece to form the main shaft driven by a motor with a rotation angle sensor. The contact point of the workpiece and the processing roller draws a closed orbit in a plane in synchronization with the rotation angle of the workpiece based on target shape data stored in advance, and this plane is The processing roller is advanced or retracted in the main axis direction and the radial direction so as to intersect with the center line of the main axis at a predetermined inclination angle, and the inclination angle of the plane and the position and shape of the closed track are By changing continuously according to the target shape data, the central axis direction at the start of machining differs from the central axis direction at the end of machining or at the end of machining. An angle, the central axis to provide a spinning method of forming a product of curved shape.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a spinning method in which the shape of the closed track includes an arbitrary closed curve shape such as an ellipse or a polygon.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention provides a rod-shaped processing roller having a spherical portion at a tip, and the target roller is formed from a trajectory of a contact point between the workpiece and the processing roller on a target shape surface of a product. There is provided a spinning method for correcting a position based on a normal direction of a shape surface and a spherical radius of a tip end portion of the processing roller to obtain a center trajectory of the spherical portion of the processing roller.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a product in which the center axis of the work is inclined with respect to the main axis when the work is attached to the main axis, and the product is in a direction opposite to the inclination angle of the attachment. A spinning method for curving the central axis of an object is provided.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a spinning method for enhancing the plane rigidity of the workpiece by bending the workpiece in advance when the workpiece is plate-shaped.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention performs a forming process by contacting a motor with a rotation angle sensor, a main shaft that is driven by the motor and rotates by mounting a plate-like or tubular metal workpiece, and the workpiece. In a spinning processing apparatus including a processing roller, an actuator that drives the processing roller in the main axis direction and the radial direction, and a storage device for target shape data of a product, a control device that controls the actuator is provided in the storage device. Based on the stored target shape data, the contact point of the workpiece and the processing roller draws a closed orbit in a plane in synchronization with the rotation angle of the workpiece, the inclination angle of the plane with respect to the main axis, and the Control means for continuously changing the position and shape of the closed track along the central axis of the target shape data is provided. A mandrel direction during processing to have a central axis different angles at the end of processing, the central axis to provide a spinning apparatus capable of forming a product of curved shape.

  Further, in order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a spinning device in which the shape of the closed track includes an arbitrary closed curve shape such as an ellipse or a polygon.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a processing roller that is a rod-shaped processing roller having a spherical surface at a tip, and the control device is configured to generate a target based on the target shape data stored in the storage device. From the trajectory of the contact point between the workpiece and the processing roller on the shape surface, position correction is performed based on the normal direction of the target shape surface and the radius of the spherical portion of the tip of the processing roller, and the spherical portion of the processing roller Provided is a spinning device provided with a calculation means for obtaining a center trajectory.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention includes a jig for attaching the workpiece to the main shaft by inclining the central axis of the previous workpiece with respect to the main shaft, which is opposite to the inclination angle of the attachment. There is provided a spinning processing apparatus in which the central axis of a product is curved in the direction of.

The present invention can produce the following effects.
(1) In the present invention, when a forming roller is pressed against a rotating plate-shaped or tubular metal workpiece, the workpiece is attached to a main shaft driven by a motor with a rotation angle sensor, rotated, and stored in advance. Based on the set target shape data, the contact point of the workpiece and the processing roller draws a closed trajectory in a plane in synchronization with the rotation angle of the workpiece, and the plane is predetermined with respect to the center line of the main shaft. The processing roller is advanced or retracted in the main axis direction and the radial direction so as to intersect at an inclination angle of the plane, and the inclination angle of the plane and the position and shape of the closed track are continuously changed according to the target shape data. The center axis direction at the start of machining and the center axis direction at the end of machining or at the end of machining have different angles, and a product with a curved center axis is formed. Therefore, it is possible to maintain the basic configuration of the spinning processing device that includes only the main shaft for rotating the workpiece and the crossed linear motion mechanism for driving the roller tool, and without increasing the number of axes of the device. A product having a curved central axis in which the central axis direction at the end of machining is inclined with respect to the rotation axis direction of the workpiece can be formed.

(2) Further, since the boundary line between the already machined part and the unmachined part in the workpiece is included in one plane formed by the closed track, the unmachined part (flange) when the material is plate-shaped ) Can maintain a flat surface and allow the molding to proceed without generating wrinkles in the flange.

(3) In the present invention, since the shape of the closed orbit also includes an arbitrary closed curve shape that is not circular, such as an ellipse or a polygon, the cross-sectional shape also includes an irregular cross-sectional shape such as an ellipse or a polygon. A product having a curved central axis can be formed.

(4) In the present invention, since the processing roller is a rod-shaped processing roller having a spherical portion at the tip, a product having a greatly curved shape can be formed without interference between the bearing support portion of the processing roller and the workpiece. it can.

(5) The present invention performs position correction based on the normal direction of the target shape surface and the spherical radius of the tip of the processing roller from the trajectory of the contact point between the workpiece and the bar-shaped processing roller on the target shape surface of the product. Since the trajectory of the center of the spherical portion in the processing roller is obtained, the trajectory of the processing roller for forming the target shape can be obtained by simple calculation.

(6) In the present invention, when the workpiece is attached to the main shaft, the workpiece is tilted with respect to the main shaft, and the product central axis is bent in a direction opposite to the inclination angle of the attachment. Therefore, a product having a greatly curved shape can be formed without interference between the jig to which the workpiece is attached and the workpiece.

(7) In the present invention, when the workpiece is plate-shaped, the periphery of the workpiece is bent in advance to enhance the planar rigidity of the workpiece. Molding can proceed without causing wrinkles.

(8) The present invention includes a motor with a rotation angle sensor, a main shaft that is driven by the motor and rotates by mounting a plate-shaped or tubular metal workpiece, a processing roller that performs a forming process in contact with the workpiece, A spinning processing apparatus including an actuator for driving the processing roller in the main shaft direction and the radial direction and a storage device for target shape data of a product, and a control device for controlling the actuator is housed in the storage device. Based on the target shape data, the contact point of the workpiece and the processing roller draws a closed orbit in a plane in synchronization with the rotation angle of the workpiece, and the inclination angle of the plane with respect to the center line of the main axis and Machining is started by providing control means for continuously changing the position and shape of the closed track along the central axis of the target shape data. The center axis direction of the machine and the center axis direction at the end of machining or at the end of machining are formed into a product with a curved center axis, so that the main axis that rotates the workpiece and the linear motion mechanism that drives the roller tool In addition to the basic components of spinning processing equipment, it is not necessary to add a mechanism that changes the revolution diameter while revolving the processing roller relative to the work, or a mechanism that tilts and translates the work. The processing apparatus can be made small and simple.

It is a schematic plan view which shows an example of the spinning processing apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing which showed the mode of the contact of the workpiece | work and a process roller in the same processing apparatus. It is explanatory drawing which showed the mode of a change with progress of shaping | molding of the closed track | orbit which the contact point of a workpiece | work and a process roller makes. It is explanatory drawing about the calculation method of the feed displacement of the rotating shaft direction and radial direction of a process roller. It is a figure which shows the example of the shape in which the center axis | shaft curved with the irregular cross-sectional shape which can be shape | molded by this invention. It is explanatory drawing which compared the wheel-type processing roller and the rod-shaped processing roller. It is explanatory drawing which showed the procedure of tool correction | amendment in the rod-shaped process roller which has a spherical surface part at the front-end | tip. It is explanatory drawing which showed the effect of the jig | tool which inclines and attaches the center axis | shaft of a workpiece | work with respect to a main axis. It is explanatory drawing which showed the plate-shaped workpiece | work which bent the circumference | surroundings beforehand. It is explanatory drawing which showed a mode that the shape which the center axis | shaft curved by the method of this invention when a workpiece | work is a pipe material.

  Embodiments of a spinning method and apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings based on examples.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing an embodiment of a spinning processing apparatus according to the present invention. Here, the spinning processing apparatus 10 processes the workpiece 1 from the flat plate 1a having the initial shape into the shape 1b having the central axis CL finally curved.

  The workpiece 1 is sandwiched and fixed between a jig 2 and a main shaft 3 and is rotated together with the main shaft 3 by a motor 4. The motor 4 includes a rotation angle sensor such as an encoder that detects the rotation angle θ.

  The processing roller 5 moves forward or backward in the radial direction of the flat plate 1a by a linear motion table 6 driven by an actuator such as a ball screw or a hydraulic cylinder. The linear motion table 6 is advanced or retracted in parallel with the main shaft 3 by the linear motion table 7.

  The linear motion tables 6 and 7 are each provided with a displacement sensor such as an encoder for detecting a feed amount. The driving of the linear motion tables 6 and 7 is controlled by a control device that controls actuators such as the ball screw and the hydraulic cylinder.

  That is, the control device uses a computer, receives data from the rotation angle sensor of the motor and the displacement sensors of the linear motion tables 6 and 7, and generates control signals according to control software installed in advance. Controls the driving of actuators such as the ball screw and hydraulic cylinder.

The characteristic configuration of the spinning processing method and apparatus according to the present invention is such that the locus of the contact point between the workpiece 1 and the processing roller 5 is orthogonal to the curved center axis CL (hereinafter referred to as “center axis CL”) in the workpiece target shape. The point is to draw a closed orbit O in the plane to be drawn.
Hereinafter, this characteristic configuration will be described through the operation of the spinning processing apparatus 10 configured as described above.

  FIG. 2 shows a state of contact between the workpiece 1 and the processing roller 5 in the spinning processing method and apparatus according to the present invention. In synchronization with the rotation angle θ of the workpiece 1, the feed displacement z in the main axis direction and the feed displacement x in the radial direction of the processing roller 5 are controlled, and the locus of the contact point between the workpiece 1 and the processing roller 5 is a curved central axis CL. A closed trajectory O in a plane orthogonal to is drawn.

  FIG. 3 shows how the closed orbit O changes as the molding progresses. The inclination angle of the closed orbit O with respect to the spindle center line S and the position and shape of the closed orbit O are continuously changed from O1 → O2 → O3 → O4 based on the result of interpolation calculation or the like. Thereby, the cross-sectional shape of the workpiece changes smoothly, and the center axis CL is formed into a curved shape.

  Next, a method of calculating the feed displacement z in the main shaft direction and the feed displacement x in the radial direction of the processing roller 5 will be described with reference to FIG. Here, the closed curve is a circle O having a radius R, and the distance from the intersection Q of the plane including the circle O and the principal axis center line S to the center of the circle O is d. Further, it is assumed that the plane including the circle O and the principal axis center line S intersect at an angle α. The distance r from the point Q to a point P on the circle O is expressed by the following equation 1 using the angle φ in the figure.

  On the other hand, the relationship of the following formula 2 is established between the rotation angle θ and the angle φ of the workpiece.

  Further, when the feed displacement x in the radial direction of the processing roller 5 is expressed as a distance from the contact point P between the processing roller and the workpiece to the spindle center line S, the following Expression 3 is obtained.

  Further, when the feed displacement z in the main axis direction of the processing roller 5 is expressed with reference to the position ZQ of the point Q, the following expression 4 is obtained.

  As a calculation procedure, the angle φ is obtained from the rotation angle θ of the workpiece by the equation 2, the distance r is obtained from the equation 1, and the feed displacements x and z are finally obtained from the equations 3 and 4.

  In the above description, the closed track O is circular, but the shape of the closed track can be freely set. For example, even if the closed orbit O ′ has a shape as shown in the lower part of FIG. 4, the distance r from the intersection point Q ′ between the plane including the closed orbit O ′ and the center axis S of the main axis S to a point P ′ on the closed orbit O ′. If expressed as a function r = r (φ) of the angle φ in the figure and used in place of the equation 1, the feed displacement z in the main shaft direction and the feed displacement x in the radial direction of the processing roller 5 can be calculated. .

  If a polygon or an ellipse is given as the shape of the closed orbit, the cross section of the product also becomes a polygon or an ellipse, respectively. Therefore, it is possible to form an irregular cross-sectional shape with a curved central axis as shown in FIG. Is possible. That is, not only circular but arbitrary cross-sectional shapes can be formed.

  When a wheel-type processing roller 5 as shown in FIG. 6 (a) is used as a tool for processing as in the conventional spinning processing, when the angle at which the shape is curved increases, as shown in FIG. 6 (b). There is a possibility that the flange of the workpiece 1 and the bearing support portion of the roller interfere with each other (arrow portion). Further, since the side surface of the processing roller 5 is in contact with the workpiece, a speed difference between the processing roller 5 and the workpiece 1 occurs on the contact surface, and the workpiece surface is likely to be damaged by friction.

  Further, in Formulas 1 to 4, it is assumed that the processing roller 5 and the workpiece 1 are in point contact. However, since the processing roller 5 is actually a three-dimensional shape, tool correction is necessary for accurate processing. When the processing roller 5 is a wheel type, the geometric relationship between the processing roller 5 and the workpiece 1 is a three-dimensional contact, and calculation of tool correction becomes very complicated.

  Therefore, by using a rod-like processing roller 5 ′ having a spherical surface at the tip as shown in FIG. 6C, even if the product shape is greatly curved, the workpiece 1 is avoided by avoiding the flange as shown in FIG. 6D. The processing roller 5 can be brought into contact with.

  In this case, since the tip of the processing roller 5 is spherical, calculation of tool correction is easy. That is, if the trajectory of the contact point between the workpiece 1 and the processing roller 5 on the target shape surface of the product is planned, and the position correction based on the normal direction of the target shape surface and the spherical radius of the tip of the processing roller 5 is performed, the processing roller The center trajectory of the five spherical portions can be obtained. FIG. 7 schematically shows a procedure for tool correction. When a target shape A as shown in FIG. 7A is given, first, a trajectory B where the surface of the target shape and the tip of the processing roller 5 are in contact with each other as shown by the dotted line in FIG. To do. Next, as shown in FIG. 7C, a vector C whose length is the radius of the roller spherical surface is set from the trajectory B in the normal direction of the target shape surface. Finally, if the point at the tip of the vector C is connected, the trajectory D at the center of the spherical surface of the processing roller 5 is obtained.

  Further, when the work 1 is attached to the main shaft 3, if a jig as shown in FIG. 8A is used and the work 1 is attached to the main shaft so as to face the main shaft 3, when the curvature of the product shape becomes larger than a certain degree, FIG. As shown in (b), the jig and the workpiece 1 interfere with each other (the part indicated by the arrow). Further, it is impossible to make the angle of curvature 90 ° or more. Therefore, using a jig as shown in FIG. 8C, the center axis of the work 1 is attached in advance with respect to the main axis, and in the direction opposite to the inclination angle of the attachment as shown in FIG. 8D. If the center axis of the product is curved, the product shape can be curved to a larger angle. In this case, a curve of 90 ° or more can also be realized.

  When the workpiece is plate-shaped, if the forming progresses and the width of the flange becomes narrow, the flange may wave due to buckling and wrinkles may occur, and the forming may not proceed correctly. This is remarkable when the material is a thin plate. Therefore, if the periphery of the workpiece is bent in advance as shown in FIG. 9, the planar rigidity of the workpiece is enhanced and wrinkles can be prevented.

  In the above description, the workpiece is a plate material. However, in the method of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 10, a shape having a curved central axis can be formed even when the workpiece is a pipe material. The feed displacement of the processing roller 5 is controlled in synchronization with the rotation angle of the tubular workpiece 1 so that the locus of the contact point between the workpiece 1 and the processing roller 5 draws a closed orbit in a plane perpendicular to the curved central axis CL. However, if the inclination angle and shape of the closed track are continuously changed, the cross-sectional shape of the workpiece changes smoothly, and the central axis CL is formed into a curved shape.

  For pipe work, it may be difficult to form from the raw tube to the final shape in one pass. However, by gradually changing the molding shape for each pass and repeating the molding, the original shape is greatly deformed. Can be added.

The spinning processing method and apparatus according to the present invention have been described based on the embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to such embodiments, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the technical matters described in the claims. Needless to say, there are embodiments of the present invention.
For example, when the present invention is implemented by an NC processing device, various forms of processing rollers and jigs are prepared in advance, and their shape data is registered in a storage device so that the workpiece material to be subjected to spinning processing and By automatically selecting the optimal processing roller and jig according to the shape of the final product, calling the selected shape data, and correcting the coordinates of the contact point between the processing roller and the workpiece, The present invention includes automatically calculating the feed displacement z in the main axis direction and the feed displacement x in the radial direction from the start of machining to the end of machining.

  Since the present invention is configured as described above, the workpiece can be applied to machining of both a plate material and a tube material, and the shape of the closed track drawn by the contact point between the workpiece and the machining roller is an ellipse or a polygon. Because it includes any closed curve shape that is not circular, the shape of the cross section is not limited to a circle, but also for processing products that have a curved central axis, including elliptical and polygonal cross-sectional shapes. Applicable.

1 Workpiece 1a Flat plate (material)
1b Complete shape of workpiece with curved central axis 2 Jig 3 Spindle 4 Motor 5 Processing roller 6 Linear motion table 7 Linear motion table 10 Spinning processing device

Claims (9)

In a spinning process method in which a processing roller is pressed against a rotating plate-shaped or tubular metal workpiece to perform a forming process,
The workpiece is attached to a spindle driven by a motor with a rotation angle sensor and rotated. Based on pre-stored target shape data, the contact point between the workpiece and the processing roller is synchronized with the rotation angle of the workpiece. A closed orbit is drawn in the plane, and the processing roller is advanced or retracted in the main axis direction and the radial direction so that the plane intersects the center line of the main axis at a predetermined inclination angle; and
By continuously changing the inclination angle of the plane and the position and shape of the closed trajectory according to the target shape data, the central axis direction at the start of machining and the central axis direction at the end of machining or at the end of machining differ from each other. A spinning processing method, comprising: forming a product having a curved central axis.   The spinning method according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the closed track includes an arbitrary closed curve shape such as an ellipse or a polygon.   The processing roller is a rod-shaped processing roller having a spherical portion at the tip, and from the trajectory of the contact point of the workpiece and the processing roller on the target shape surface of the product, the normal direction of the target shape surface and the tip of the processing roller The spinning processing method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a position correction based on a spherical radius of the portion is performed to obtain a center trajectory of the spherical portion of the processing roller.   When attaching the work to the main shaft, the work is attached with the central axis of the work inclined with respect to the main shaft, and the central axis of the product is bent in a direction opposite to the inclination angle of the attachment. The spinning method according to claim 1 or 2.   3. The spinning method according to claim 1, wherein, when the initial shape of the workpiece is plate-like, the planar rigidity of the workpiece is enhanced by bending the periphery of the workpiece in advance. A motor with a rotation angle sensor; a spindle that is driven by the motor to rotate by mounting a plate-shaped or tubular metal workpiece; a processing roller that performs a forming process in contact with the workpiece; and the processing roller in the direction of the main axis And a spinning device including an actuator that drives in a radial direction and a storage device for target shape data of a product,
Based on the target shape data stored in the storage device, a control device for controlling the actuator synchronizes with the rotation angle of the workpiece, and the contact point between the workpiece and the processing roller has a closed orbit in a plane. And a control means for continuously changing the inclination angle of the plane with respect to the center line of the main axis and the position and shape of the closed trajectory along the center axis of the target shape data. A spinning processing apparatus characterized in that a product with a curved central axis having an angle different between the direction and the central axis direction during processing or at the end of processing can be formed.   The spinning processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the shape of the closed track includes an arbitrary closed curved shape such as an ellipse or a polygon.   The processing roller has a rod-like shape having a spherical surface at the tip, and the control device determines from the trajectory of the contact point between the workpiece and the processing roller on the surface of the target shape based on the target shape data stored in the storage device. , Comprising a calculating means for performing position correction based on the normal direction of the target shape surface and the radius of the spherical surface portion of the processing roller tip, and obtaining the center trajectory of the spherical surface portion of the processing roller. The spinning processing apparatus according to claim 6 or 7.   When attaching the work to the main shaft, the jig includes a jig for attaching the center axis of the previous work to the main shaft, and bending the center axis of the product in a direction opposite to the inclination angle of the attachment. The spinning processing apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that:

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